2.
Algebraic expressions
1. 3Z 12 3( Z 2 4)
3 1 z 3 1 Z
3( Z 2)( Z 2)
M1
2Z
3( Z 2)( Z 2)
1( Z 2) M1
3( Z 2)
A1
03
2. Let the daughter’s age 5yrs ago be x
Mother 4x
come;
Daughter = x + 9
Mother = 4x+ 9
4x + 9 = 5/2 (x +9)
4x + 9 = 2.5x + 22.5
1.5x = 13.5
x=9
Mother = 41yrs
14 + 41 =55
3. B.P = 160 x 50 = 24000
S.P = ((160 x 8) – (20 + 12)) x 180
8
= 28080
Profit = 28080 – 24000 = Shs.4080
4. a) 6a + 7a – 2b – 4b + 2
= 13a – 6b + 2
b) 2x – 2 – 3x + 2 = 2(2x – 2) – (3x + 2)
2x 4x 4x
= 4x – 3x – 4 – 2
4x
=x–6
4x
5. 6u2y2 + 13uy – 5 = (2uy + 5) (3xy – 1)
3u2y2 – 13uy + X = (uy – 4) (3xy – 1)
(2xy +5) (3xy – 1)
(uy – 4) (3xy -1)
= 2xy + 5
Uy – 4
6. a) From x + y and x2 = y2 = 34
PSE
X=8–y
Substituting for x in x2 – y2 = 34
(8 – y) (8 – y) + y2 = 34
64 – 8y – 8y + y2 + y2 = 34
64 – 16y + 2y2 = 34
2y2 – 16y + 64 – 34 = 0
2y2 – 16y + 30 = 0
y2 = 8y + 15 = 0
y (y – 3) – 5 (y-3) = 0 (y-5) (y – 3)
y is either 5 or 3
but x – y = 8
x is either 5 0r 3
x2 + 2xy + y2 = 32 + 2 x 3 x 5 + 25
= 9 + 30 + 25 = 64
b) 2xy = 2 x 3 x 5 = 30
c) x2 – 2xy + y2 = 9 – 2 x 3 x 5 + 25 = 4
d) x = y = 8 and x2 + y2 = 34
x=8–y
(8 – y)2 + y2 = 34
y2 – 8y + 15 = 0
y2 – 3y – 5y + 15 = 0
y(y -3) – 5(y – 3)
(y-3) = o y = 3
(y-5) = 0 y = 5
x + 3 = 8, x = 5 or x + 5 = 8
x=3
x is either 3 or 5
y is either 3 0r 5
7. 6x2 + 35x – 6
2x2 – 72
= 6x(x -+ 6) -1(x + 6)
2(x2 – 36)
= (6x – 1) (x + 6)
2(x – 6) (x + 6)
= 6x – 1
2(x – 6)
8. 2
/5 (3x -2) – ¾ (2x -2)
= 8(3x-2) -9(2x-2)
12
= 24 x -16 – 18x + 18 124x – 2x
2
= 6x + 2
12 x
= 2(3x +1) x 385
12
= 3x + 1
6
PSE
9. Numerator:
4y2 – x2 = (2y +x) (2y – x)
Denominator :
2x2 + 4yx + 3yx – 6y2
= (2x2 – 4yx) + (3yx – 6y2)
= 2x(x-2y) + 3y(x-2y)
= (2xx+3y) (x-2y)
Combining : (2y + x) (2y-x)
(2x+3y) (x-2y)
- 2x + 3y or -2x -3y
2y + x 2y + x
10. 3(x + y) – (x –y)
X 2 - y2
= 3x + 3y – x + y
x2 - y2
= 2(x +2y)
x2 -y2
11. x2 + 2x – 5 = 3x +1
x2 – x – 6 – 6 =0
(x+2) (x-3) = 0
x =-2 or x = 3
When x =-2, y = 3x – 2 + 1 = -5 Point (-2, -5)
When x = 3, y = 3x x 3 +1 = 10 Point (3, 10)
12. (a) y(y + 2)
y(y2 – y -60
y(y+2) = y+2
2
y(y – y-6) (y+2) (y-3)
(b) y + 2 = ¼
(y + 2) (y-3)
4y + 8 = y2 – y – 6
y2 – 5y – 14 = 0
(y-7)(y+2)= 0
y=7
y=-2
13. 104.6 = 44 x 2
2.4
63.9 = 26 x 2
2.4
= 88 + 54= 142
14. 3 ( 25 x2 – 9y2)
3 (5x + 3y) (5x – 3y)
15. i) d = 8.4 r=½
6th jump = 8( ½ )6-1
PSE
8.4
/32
= 0.2625 = 0.26cm
ii) 56 = 9.4 (1 – ( ½ ) 6
1–½
= 8.4 x 63 x 2
64
= 16.54 cm
16. Factorizing the numerator
= p(p2 – q2) + q(p2-q)
= (p+q) (p2-q2)
= (p+q) (p+q) n(p-q)
Factorising the denominator
(p+q) (p+q)
Numerator = p - q
Denominator
17. ( 3x + 2y ) ( 3x - 2y )
( 3x + 2y ) ( 3x - 2y )
3x + 2y
4x + 3y
18. (x – 3) (AX2 +BX + C) = x3 – 7x – 6
AX3 + BX2 +CX – 3AX2 – 3BX – 3c = x3 – 7x – 6
A=1
B – 3A = 0
B–3x1=0
B=3
-3c = -6
c=2
19. a) 8(22)y = 6 x 2y – 1
let t = 2y
8t2 = 6t – 1
8t2 – 4t – 2t + 1 = 0
(4t – 1) (2t – 1) = 0
t = ¼ or ½
t = 2y = ¼ = 2-2
y = -2
0r t = 2y = ½ = 2-1
y = -1
y = -2 0r -1
b) Numerator = 2x2 – 98
= 2(x2 – 49)
= 2(x+ 7) (x -7)
Denominator = 3x2 – 16x – 35
= 3x2 – 21x + 5x – 35
= 3x(x -7) + 5(x – 7)
= (x – 7) (3x + 5)
PSE
2x2 – 98 x + 7 = 2(x + 7) (x – 7) x (3x + 5)
3x2 – 16x – 3 3x + 5 (3x + 5) (x – 7) (x + 7)
=2
20. (2x- y) (2x + y) √
(x – 3y) (2x – y) √
2x + y √
x – 3y
21. P2 – 2pq + q2 = (p-q)2
P3 – pq2 + p2q – q3
= p(p2-q2) + q (p2 – q2)
= (p+ q) (p2-q2)
(p – q)2 = (p – q)2
2 2
(p+ q) (P – q ) (p+q)2 (p-q)
= p- q 1
(p + q)2
22. Let the numbers be a and b
a + b = 15 – x3
5a – 3b = 19 x 1
3a + 3b = 45
5a – 3b = 19
8a = 64
a =8
b=7
4 3 2
23. 3(2x-5) – 4(1-x) – 6(x-4)
12
6x – 15 – 4+ 4x – 6x + 24
12
4x – 5
12
24. 3a2 + 4ab + b2 = 3a2 + 3ab + ab +b2
4a2 + 3ab – b2 4a2 + 4ab – ab – b2
= 3a(a+b) + b(a+b)
4a(a+b) – b(a+b)
= (3a+b) (a+b)
(a+b) (4a-b)
= 3a + b
4a -b
PSE
