Different psychologists have different opinions so far as, the form of man’s

intelligence is concerned, but most of them consider it an aggregate or different

types of mental abilities. From this view, the more mental abilities all individual
possesses, the more successful they will attain in any field. In fact, however, it is not
the case.

There are some fields in which people with lower intelligence gain more success
than those with higher intelligence. American psychologist Thorndike was the first
who paid attention to this fact. He, on the basis of his study, divided man’s
intelligence into three classes motor or mechanical intelligence, abstract
intelligence, and social intelligence. Garrett has called Thorndike’s motor or
mechanical intelligence concrete intelligence.

In 1990 Prof, John Mayer and Dr. Peter Salve, both from America, discussed

emotional intelligence. According to them, emotional intelligence is the ability of man
by which he succeeds to understand his own and others’ emotions and conducts
himself accordingly. After them, Daniel Goleman explained it in his book Emotional
Intelligence (1905) in detail. At present, Goleman is considered to be a proponent of
emotional intelligence.

According to Goleman:

Emotional intelligence is the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of
others, motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in
ourselves, and managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships. -
Goleman

After Goleman, the psychologists like cooper and Swarf and others studied
emotional intelligence in detail, and defined it in their own ways, According to Cooper
and Swaf:

Emotional intelligence is the personal ability to perceive, understand and apply the
power of knowing the mood as the ground of forces and data to build up associations
to influence people. -Cooper and Swaf

These definitions reveal three factors about emotional intelligence:  first by it an

individual perceives and understands his own feeling and action; second, by it, an
individual perceives his actions and those of others; and third, he manages his
emotions and actions according to such that he himself can be satisfied and so be
the others. Bringing into our fold all these factors, we can define emotional
intelligence in the following way:

Emotional intelligence is the capacity of an individual by which he perceives and

understands his own feelings and actions as well as the feelings and actions of
others, and controls emotions and controls his emotions and conducts himself in
such a way that he himself is satisfied and others are also satisfied.

Components of Emotional Intelligence

Different psychologists have presented the components of emotional intelligence in
different ways. The psychologist Goleman has displayed them in the following five
groups:

1. Self-awareness: To know one’s own emotions, identify express

emotions, and analyze them.
2. Mood Management: To manage one’s own feelings relative to the
contemporary situation, and react accordingly.
3. Self-motivation: To accumulate one’s own emotions to direct them
towards the goal and meaningful outcome, display commitment
towards this, and get ready to take the initiative.
4. Empathy: To understand others’ emotions and efforts.
5. Management of Relationships: To understand others’ emotions and
form relations with them through interaction effectively.
The psychologist Cooper has presented these in the following five groups:

1. Current Environment: He has included different pressure situations in

it.
2. Emotional Literacy: He has included awareness towards one’s own
emotions, expression of emotions, and awareness towards others’
emotions in it.
3. E.Q competencies: He has included purpose, creativity, intrapersonal
relationship, and creative dissatisfaction.
4. E.Q. Values and Attitude: He has included common viewpoint,
sensitivity, insight, the scope of belief, and individual energy in it.
5. E.Q Outcomes: He has included general health, the standard of life,
relationship and achievement, etc. in it.
The psychologists Waguer and Stuberg have presented emotional intelligence into
the three domains as follows:

1. Managing self: Managing oneself is that capacity of daily life by which

an individual sequences his actions such that he can attain maximum
success. It comprises self–motivation, enterprise to take the initiative,
is committed to doing something and identifying the limit of one’s inner
capabilities, etc
2. Managing Others: It compares the ability to manage different social
relationships in an orderly way, the capacity to adjust with others, and
the ability to ability to do any work according to one’s own capacity.
3. Managing Others: It comprises the ability to manage the different social
relationships with the surrounding community so as to manage and
control his needs such that he engages himself according to his
aptitude in consonance with his respect and dignity.
By this ability, he is aptitude in consonance with his respect and
dignity. By this ability, he is influenced by the related people such that
they too can express their emotions well.
The psychologists Boyatizis, Goleman, and Hay Mecber have presented emotional
intelligence in the following four domains:

1. Self-awareness: It compares self-awareness towards one’s own

emotion, right evaluation of oneself, and qualities like self-confidence,
etc.
 2. Self-management: It compares self-control, mutual trust, reason, ability
to change according to circumstances, outcome focus, and ability to
take the initiative.
3. Social Awareness: It compares empathy, organizational awareness,
and service-oriented emotions.
4. Social Skills: It compares abilities such as cooperating in others’
development, leadership influence, complex management, establishing
relationships, teamwork, and cooperation, etc.

Nature and Characteristics of Emotional intelligence

The form and the universally accepted attribute or elements of emotional intelligence
are considered as its nature and characteristics. We can order them as follows:

1. Emotional intelligence is the ability of an individual by which he

understands his own emotions and those of others and manage his,
own emotions such that he does not incur any harm from their
expression.
2. Through emotional intelligence, an individual perceives and
understands his mental condition and establishes relationships with
others to influence them.
3. Emotional intelligence is the fundamental element for the success of an
individual.
4. Emotional intelligence is innate, and its development occurs through
experience and maturation.
5. It is possible for emotional intelligence to be cultivated or lost. Its
cultivation and Joss depend on the type of experiences all individual
gets in their environment.
6. As a result of interaction with the environment, emotional intelligence
continues to be refined.
7. Different individuals possess different forms of emotional intelligence.
8. Emotional intelligence can be perceived and understood in the contexts
of its components or domains.
9. Emotional intelligence is measured through the measurement of its
components or domains.

Importance of Emotional Intelligence

Generally, it is considered that the more I.Q. an individual has, the more successful
he is in every field of life. However, new research has revealed that it is extremely
essential for an individual to be emotionally healthy in order to perform all types of
activities successfully and peacefully. In the report of the National Centre for
Clinical Infant Programme, it has been mentioned that the chief element for the
success of school students is emotional intelligence.
The psychologists are unanimous on the fact that E.I. is more important than I.Q. Its
significance can be understood by the following points.

(1) It has been inferred from research studies that an individual who is able to
manage his emotions and feelings well, can behave with others more effectively than
others, and leads a peaceful life.

It plays an important role in making an individual influential. It plays an important role

in forming emotional maturity with age, pressures in life at a competitive level and
resolution of other important problems of the circumstances, and formation of the
ability to self-adjust.

(2) RJ Sten Verg opines that this world cannot be understood by I. Q. alone; it also
requires E.Q.

(3) Emotional intelligence is inclined toward understanding human values, others’

suffering, and accordingly one’s own behavior.

(4) Emotional intelligence is essential to express one’s feelings and sentiments

according to a situation. Besides, it significantly contributes to perceiving others’
feelings and responding to or dealing accordingly.

(5) An individual performs a work patiently and quietly and quietly with emotional
intelligence, raises to a higher level, and adjusts himself to other actions well

(6) Emotional intelligence impacts leadership ability too. As a leader, an individual

has to perceive his team member’s behavior, attitude, tension, pressure, etc., and
motivate them to realize team goals; listen to them, and utilize their abilities in order
to keep them eternally mobile.

All these abilities are parts of emotional intelligence. It is said that I.Q. is the brain of
a leader and E.I., his heart.

(7) Emotional intelligence influences an individual lifelong, especially in his student

life. Training in emotional intelligence can help to reduce tension.