5G RAN NR Retainability

5G RAN NR KPIs (2/5)

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-0
| Page 0
 

Objectives of Chapter 2

On completion of this chapter the participants will be able to:

2 Measure NR Retainability performance

2.1
2.1 Explai
Explain
n the
the co
coun
unte
ters
rs th
that
at de
defi
fine
ne an ab
abno
norm
rmal
al rel
relea
ease
se in NR NS
NSA
A and
and SA
2.2
2.2 Use
Use coun
counte
ters
rs to
to mea
measu
sure
re the
the E-
E-RA
RABB Reta
Retain
inab
abil
ilit
ity
y in the
the gN
gNod
odeB
eB an
and
d eNod
eNodeB
eB

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-1
| Page 1
 

Reference Material

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-2
| Page 2
 

Non-Standalone Retainability Overview

In NR NSA scenario:
— Control plane is established in LTE cell / eNodeB
EPC
while user plane is established in gNodeB
S1-C S1-U
— The loss of the NR link does not imply the loss of
X2-C
the control plane one
X2-U
DRB
LTE NR
SRB DRB
If both LTE and NR branches are dropped:
— The user will perceive it as a drop
UE
EPC
S1-C S1-U
If only NR branch is lost:
X2-C
— The time to re-establish the RAB either in LTE or
X2-U
NR will be perceived as a degradation in
DRB
integrity KPIs (lower throughput or higher delay) LTE NR
SRB DRB

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-3
| Page 3 UE
 

Non-Standalone Retainability KPIs

In providing wireless end-user services, services must not be interrupted or ended prematurely
Retainability in EN-DC is measured by:

EPC EPC
S1-C S1-U S1-C S1-U

X2-C X2-C

X2-U X2-U
DRB DRB

LTE SRB DRB NR LTE SRB DRB NR

UE UE
E-RAB Retainability KPI SCG radio resource Retainability KPI

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-4
| Page 4
 

Differentiated
Differentiated E-RAB Retainabi
Retainability
lity - Percentage Lost
Captured in eNodeB (EN-DC)
To monitor EN-DC stage 1 and 2 is recommended.
pmFlexErabRelAbnormalEnbAct_Endcxxx
pmFlexErabRelAbnormalEnbAct_Endcxxx + pmFlexErabRelAbnormalMmeAct_Endcxxx
pmFlexErabRelAbnormalMmeAct_Endcxxx

EPC

Differentiated E-RAB Retainability - %Lost = 100X

FlexErabRelAbnormal
FlexErabRelNormal
  B   B 
(Captured in eNodeB) eNB gNB

LTE Cell 5G NR Cell

EUtranCellFDD/
EUtranCellT
EUtranCellTDD
DD leve
levell

pmFlexErabRelAbnormalEnb_Endcxxx
pmFlexErabRelAbnormalEnb_Endcxxx + pmFlexErabRelNormalEnb_Endc
pmFlexErabRelNormalEnb_Endcxxx
xxx + pmFlexErabRelMme_Endcxxx

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-5
| Page 5
 

SCG Radio Resource Retainability Captured in gNodeB

pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenbAct
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenbAct + pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct
EPC

SCG Radio Resource Retainability %= 100 x

EndcRelAbnormalAct
EndcUeRelTotal
  B   B 
(Captured in gNodeB)
eNB gNB
LTE Cell 5G NR Cell

KPI is on
pmEndcRelUeNormall + pmEndcRelUeA
pmEndcRelUeNorma pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb
bnormalMenb + pmEndcRelUeAbno
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnb
rmalSgnb NRCellCU
NRCellCU level

Abnormal releases occur when the bearer is

i s considered continuous,

or bursty and active at the time of release

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-6
| Page 6
 

Bearer Type Transitions (EN-DC connection release)

1 MNMCG
Terminated
DRB SNSplit
Terminated
DRB
Initial Context Setup / LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (MN) NR (SN)
2
Incoming Handover /
RRC Re-establishment PDCP SN Addition PDCP
2 At reception of a B1 measurement report RLC RLC RLC
or after the Initial Context Setup procedure
is completed (configuration based) MAC MAC MAC
5
3 When a bearer is set up that prevents other bearers being L1 SN Release L1 L1
configured as SN Terminated Split Bearers, for example at
VoLTE call setup

3 4
4 At reception of a B1 measurement. The B1 measurement is started
when the bearer – that prevents other bearers to be configured as SN SCG Release SCG Addition
terminated Split DRBs – is released, for example at VoLTE call release. (SN Modification) (SN Modification)

5 Triggered by NR radio link failure or by LTE or NR mobility SN Terminated

events. The transition from the SN Terminated MCG Bearer state is triggered 5 MCG DRB
only by LTE mobility events (as there are no SCG resources in this case). SN Release LTE (MN) NR (SN)

PDCP
RLC
CPI (NR RAN 19.Q4) MN: Master Node
– Planning
ng SN: Secondary Node MAC
–RAN Information MCG: Master Cell Group
–5G Mobility and Traffic Management Guideline (4.3) SCG: Secondary Cell Group L1
DRB: Data Radio Bearer
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-7
| Page 7
SRB: Signaling Radio Bearer
 

SN Release Overview (EN-DC)

MN Terminated SN Terminated
MCG DRB Split DRB
LTE (MN) NR (SN) LTE (M
(MN) NR (SN)

PDCP PDCP
MeNB initiated SN Release triggered at: RLC RLC RLC
SN Release
MAC MAC MAC
— UE detected RLF L1 L1 L1

— Failed random access

— RLC UL delivery failure

— Out of synchronization UE MeNB SgNB EPC

— LTE handover MeNB initiated SN Release

RLF, suspend SCG

SgNB initiated SN Release triggered at: SCG Failure Indication NR

— gNB dete
detected
cted RLF
RLF SgNB initiated SN Release
— RLC DL delivery failure RLF, NR Cell Lock

— NR cell lock

SN Release (gNB to eNB relocation) + Start

B1 measurement
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-8
| Page 8
 

EN-DC connection release initiated by eNodeB

UE MeNB CU-CP gNodeB MME
Trigger SN Release
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocAtt +
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocAtt SN terminated
MN terminated
MCG DRB Split DRB
Prepare for DRB reconfiguration
X2AP: SgNB Release Request SN Release

With which cause

code indicating
release?
pmEndcRelUeNor ma
mal + pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenbAc t +

Suspend DRB

X2AP: SgNB Release Request Ack

RRC: RRCConnectionReconfiguration
RRCConnectionReconfiguration (release SCG + start B1)
XSAP: SN Status Transfer
LTE Random Access
UL User data in LTE (new ciphering)
RRC: RRCConnectionReconfigurationComp
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
lete
S1AP: E-RAB Modification Indication

Resume DRB
DL User data in LTE
S1AP: E-RAB Modification Confirm
(new ciphering)
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocSucc +
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocSucc
X2AP: UE Context Release CPI
– (NR RAN
Product 19.Q4)
Overview
Overview
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-9
| Page 9
–Features and Capacities
–LTE-NR Dual Connectivity
 

EN-DC connection release initiated by gNodeB

UE MeNB CU-CP gNodeB MME
Trigger NR Connection Release
X2AP: SgNB Release Required SN terminated
MN terminated
MCG DRB Split DRB
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocAtt
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocAtt + pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct
pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct +
SN Release
Prepare for DRB reconfiguration

X2AP: SgNB Release Confirm

Suspend DRB
RRC: RRCConnectionReconfiguration
RRCConnectionReconfiguration (release SCG + start B1)

XSAP: SN Status Transfer

LTE Random Access

UL User data in LTE (new ciphering key)

RRC: RRCConnectionReconfigurationComp
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
lete
S1AP: E-RAB Modification Indication

Resume DRB
DL User data in LTE
S1AP: E-RAB Modification Confirm
(new ciphering key)

pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocSucc
pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocSucc +
X2AP: UE Context Release CPI
– (NR RAN
Product 19.Q4)
Overview
Overview
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-10
| Page 10
–Features and Capacities
–LTE-NR Dual Connectivity
 

SN Release with Packet Forwarding

UE MeNB SgNB UE MeNB SgNB

X2AP: X2AP:
SGNB RELEASE REQUEST SGNB RELEASE REQUIRED

RRC: X2AP:
SGNB RELEASE REQUEST ACKNOWLEDGE RRC: X2AP:
SGNB RELEASE CONFIRM
RRCConnectionReconfiguration RRCConnectionReconfiguration

RRC: RRC:
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete

X2AP: X2AP:
SN STATUS TRANSFER SN STATUS TRANSFER

Packet Forwarding Packet Forwarding

Tunnel PDCP SDUs Tunnel PDCP SDUs

X2AP: X2AP:
UE CONTEXT RELEASE UE CONTEXT RELEASE

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G MN Initiated
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-11
| Page 11
SN Initiated
 

NR Radio Link Failure (in EN-DC) (1/2)

1. When
When a UE conf
configu
igured
red with
with EN-DC
EN-DC with
with SCG
SCG MeNB 2. MN Initiated SN
moves out of NR coverage, a NR Radio Link Release
Failure will eventually be triggered

— Detected by the en-gNB S1-U

or
X2-U X2-C 1. NR Radio Link Failure
— Detected by the UE and reported to the MeNB (RRC: SCGFailureInformationNR)
via RRC: SCGFailur
SCGFailureInformat
eInformationNR
ionNR message SGW
S1-U

2. The Radi
Radio
o Link
Link Failure
Failure trigg
triggers
ers a SN rele
release.
ase.
B1 measurements are configured upon SN
1. NR Radio Link Failure
release
SgNB
2. SN Initiated SN
Release

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-12
| Page 12
 

NR Radio Link Failure (in EN-DC) (2/2)

— UE detected NR RLF:
UE MeNB SgNB EPC
— Not possible to synch to NR cell (scg-ChangeFailure)
— T304 is started at reception of SCG configuration at EN-DC Setup
UE detected RLF
— T304 is stopped at successful random access.
— T304 expiry -> radio link failure Suspend SCG

— RLC UL delivery failure (RLC-MaxNumRetx) SCG Failure Indication NR

— Number of UL RLC retransmissions in NR leg exceeds a threshold
(ulMaxRetxThreshold)
— Out of synchronization (t310-Expiry)
MeNB initia
initiated
ted NR Leg Release
— UE monitors SSB (TRS in High-Band) and counts “in-synch” and “out-of-
synch” indications.

— N310 consecutive “out-of-synch” indications starts timer T310

— N311 consecutive “in-synch” indication stops timer T310 Network detected RLF
— T310 expiry -> radio link failure
— Network detected NR RLF SgNB initiated NR Leg Release
— RLC DL delivery failure
— Number of DL RLC retransmissions in NR leg exceeds a threshold
(dlMaxRetxThreshold)
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-13
| Page 13
 

EN-DC Bearer Type Transition (Retainability Counters)

NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeNormal
MN Terminated NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb SN Terminated
MCG DRB NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnb Split DRB
LTE (MN) NR (SN) NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenbAct LTE (MN) NR (SN)
NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct
PDCP PDCP
RLC RLC RLC
2
MAC SN Addition MAC MAC

L1 L1 L1

5
EUtranCellFDD.pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocAtt
EUtranCellFDD.pmEndcRelMnMcgRelocSucc SN Release

4
NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeNormal
MN: Master Node
SN: Secondary Node NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenb SN Terminated SCG Addition
(SN Modification)
MCG: Master Cell Group NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnb MCG DRB
SCG: Secondary Cell Group NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalMenbAct
DRB: Data Radio Bearer NRCellCU.pmEndcRelUeAbnormalSgnbAct LTE (MN) NR (SN)
SRB: Signaling Radio Bearer
PDCP
CPI (NR RAN 19.Q4) 5 3
RLC
– Product Overview
Overview
SN Release SCG Release
– Features and
and Capacities MAC
– LTE-NR Dual Connectivity
Connectivity (SN Modification)
– Performance of LTE-NR Dual Connectivity
L1
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-14
| Page 14
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Percent
Percentage
age Lost
Lost per mapped 5QI (SA)

This KPI measures the percentage of established DRBs that

are abnormally released, initiated by gNodeB or AMF.

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Perce
Percentage
ntage pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi
pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalAm
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmf5qi
f5qi
Lost per mapped 5QI [%] = 100 x
pmDrbRelNormal5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalA
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmf5qi
mf5qi

 B 
gNB

5G NR Cell

Counters on
Abnormal releases when DRBs are inactive are included. NRCellCU
level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-15
| Page 15
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Percen
Percentage
tage of Active Lost per mapped
mapped 5QI (SA)

This KPI measures the percentage of established DRBs that

are abnormally released, initiated by gNodeB or AMF.

DRB Retainability - Percentage of pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi

pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalA
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmfAct5qi
mfAct5qi
Active Lost per mapped 5QI [%] = 100 x
pmDrbRelNormal5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalGn
pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi
b5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalAm
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmf5qi
f5qi

 B 
gNB

Abnormal releases occur when the bearer is considered 5G NR Cell

continuous, or bursty and active at the time
t ime of release.
Counters on
Bursty and active means that the data remains in DL or UL NRCellCU
buffers in the last 100 ms. level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-16
| Page 16
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Percenta
Percentage
ge Lost per mapped 5QI,
5QI, gNodeB
triggered only (SA)
This KPI measures the percentage of established DRBs that
are abnormally released, initiated by gNodeB only..

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Perce
Percentage
ntage pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi
Lost per mapped 5QI, gNodeB = 100 x
triggered only [%] pmDrbRelNormal5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalGn
pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi
b5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalA
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmf5qi
mf5qi

 B 
gNB

5G NR Cell

Counters on
Abnormal releases when DRBs are inactive are included. NRCellCU
level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-17
| Page 17
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Percen
Percentage
tage of Active Lost per mapped
mapped 5QI,
gNodeB triggered only (SA)
This KPI only measures releases initiated by the gNodeB

DRB Retainability
Active - Percentage
Lost per mapped 5QI, of= 100 x pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi
gNodeB triggered only [%] pmDrbRelNormal5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalGnb5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalA
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmf5qi
mf5qi

 B 
gNB

Abnormal releases occur when the bearer is considered 5G NR Cell

continuous, or bursty and active at the time
t ime of release.
Counters on
Bursty and active means that the data remains in DL or UL NRCellCU
buffers in the last 100 ms. level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-18
| Page 18
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Session Time
Time Normalized per mapped
mapped 5QI
Loss Rate (SA)
– Metric shows higher benefit
benefit when metric value is lower.
lower.
– The PM counters in this KPI
KPI are on cell level and exist for each mapped
mapped 5QI.

DRB Retainabili
Retainability
ty - Session Time pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi
pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi + pmDrbRelAbnormalAm
pmDrbRelAbnormalAmfAct5qi
fAct5qi
Normalized per mapped 5QI Loss = 100 x
Rate [1/s] pmSessionTimeDrb5qi
 B 
gNB

To achieve the number of minutes for each drop, use inverse of 5G NR Cell
the Retainability KPI and transform unit from seconds to
minutes. Counters on
NRCellCU
level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-19
| Page 19
 

DRB Retainability
Retainability - Session Time
Time Normalized per mapped
mapped 5QI
Loss Rate, gNodeB
– Metric shows higher benefit
triggered only
benefit when metric value is lower.
lower.
(SA)
– The PM counters in this KPI
KPI are on cell level and exist for each mapped
mapped 5QI.

DRB Retainabili
Retainability
ty - Session Time pmDrbRelAbnormalGnbAct5qi
Normalized per mapped 5QI Loss = 100 x
pmSessionTimeDrb5qi
 B 
Rate, gNodeB triggered only [1/s]

gNB

This KPI only measures releases initiated by the gNodeB. 5G NR Cell

To achieve the number of minutes for each drop, use inverse of Counters on
the Retainability KPI and transform unit from seconds to NRCellCU
minutes. level
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-20
| Page 20
 

Network RLF detection (DL) Standalone NR

gNB AMF
gNB DL RLF detected due
to RLC failure
User data NGAP: UE Context Release Request
(Radio Connection with UE Lost)

NGAP: UE Context Release Command

Poll request (Radio Connection with UE Lost)

No Ack  tPollRetransmitDl
NGAP: UE Context Release Complete

 . .Poll request Non-Standalone NR MeNB

S1-U
Poll request
X2-U X2-C
No Ack  tPollRetransmitDl SGW S1-U
Poll request
1. DL NR Radio
Link Failure
SgNB
Max number of DL RLC Transmission 2. SN Initiated SN
Release
reached
for DRB or SRB (dlMaxRetxThreshold) CPI (NR RAN 20.Q1) CPI (NR RAN 20.Q1)
– Product Overview
Overview – Plann
Planning
ing
© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-21
| Page 21 –Features and Capacities –RAN Information
–NR Standalone –5G Mobility and Traffic Management Guideline (6.2.5)
 

Summary of Chapter 2

The participants should now be able to:

2 Measure NR Retainability performance

2.1
2.1 Explai
Explain
n the
the co
coun
unte
ters
rs th
that
at de
defi
fine
ne an ab
abno
norm
rmal
al rel
relea
ease
se in NR NS
NSA
A and
and SA
2.2
2.2 Use
Use coun
counte
ters
rs to
to mea
measu
sure
re the
the E-
E-RA
RABB Reta
Retain
inab
abil
ilit
ity
y in the
the gN
gNod
odeB
eB an
and
d eNod
eNodeB
eB

© Ericsson AB
2020-01-01 2020
| 5G RAN| 5G
NR RAN NR Retainability
Retainability | R1A
| Ericsson | Figure
Internal 2-22
| Page 22
 

ericsson.com/training