ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT ECAD LABORATORY SHEET (EC 302) Lab : 1 Title : DC Simulation Objectives

1. methods of electronic circuit simulation 2. explain the source of DC 3. describes the analysis of DC 4. setup for an independent DC source 5. setup for the two sources of DC in the same circuit 6. DC analysis setup 7. measuring the voltage drop in DC circuits 8. measure the dc current flowing across resistor 9. measure the dc power in each resistor 10. draw and compare the IV characteristic curve for the NPN transistor: between theory and simulation 11. To study the characteristics of the transistor and the relationship between collector, emitter and base current.
Theory : DC Source

DC source is a source that produces DC voltage or DC current for each voltage and current sources, there is dependent and independent types 1. independent DC source independent DC source produce without depending on other elements in the circuit 2. dependent DC source There are four types of DC sources are dependent as listed below

i.

VCVS Voltage Controlled Voltage Source The voltage source depends on the value of the voltage on the other elements in the circuit

ii.

CCVS Current Controlled Voltage Source source voltage depends on the value of the other currents on the other elements in the circuit

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iii.

VCCS Voltage Controlled Current Source current source is dependent on the voltage on the circuit elements

iv.

CCCS Current Controlled Current Source current source which depends on the current value of the elements in the circuit

What is a DC analysis

DC analysis is the analysis involving the use of a DC source and measured values of voltage and current in DC circuits the analysis of all the DC inductor is considered as a short circuit and all the capacitors is considered as an open circuit This is because the frequency of 0 Hz, the reactance of inductor is zero and capacitor reactance is infinite the DC analysis, the source DC is set at a particular value or adjusted depending on the needs analysis DC source adjustments will affect the value of DC in other nodes in the circuit

Procedure: Steps in DC analysis process

1. Open the PCB project file and save/rename (*.PrjPCB)

2. open the schematic file and rename/save (*.SCHDOC)

3. Draw the schematic circuit

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4. Check model list for each component in the circuit. For the purpose of simulation, the
type of SIMULATION is very important

click on the SIMULATION to make edits

5. Simulate that schematic circuit Design \ Simulate \ Mixed sim

6. Setting for the Analyses Setup

i. ii.

choose available signals and insert it into active signals. This can be done in two ways: double-click a row in the desired signal or signals in space Available Signals or, Click once on the desired signal in the Available column and click on the button signals to enter the selected signal to the list of Active signals After that, you need to make settings for the simulation analysis method that you want either the DC analysis, transient analysis or AC analysis.

7. Below is given the way of settings for each method of analysis

Choose Operating Point Analysis and DC Sweep Analysis by tick a in the Enable box

Enter information for the parameters of the DC primary source in column DC Sweep Analysis Setup Click on DC Sweep Analysis Enter values for the parameters of a DC source as follows: Primary Source = V1 Primary Start = 0.0 Primary Stop = 20.0 Primary Step = 20.0 If there are two sources of DC in the circuit, then you need to mark the Enable box and enter the information for the secondary parameters of the DC source (secondary source) is the following: Secondary Name Secondary Start Secondary Stop Secondary Step Click OK Protel will process all of the settings of the analysis was done by implementing AdvSim Generating Netlist 8. On the next screen you must click on the Simdata Panel tab Click on the desired signal in the Waveforms and click the button show 9. To view the simulation results of DC analysis has been done click on the Operating Point Analysis and the DC Sweep Analysis located on the panel at the bottom of the screen

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10. Results are displayed in columns Operating Point Analysis in the form of specific values
for the selected signal

1. Analysis of DC circuit using a single DC voltage source

Figure 1(c)

Va Vb IR1 IR2 PR1 PR2

Figure 1(b)
Value Va Vb Vc Calculated Value Simulated Value Valu e IR1 IR2 IR3 Calculated Value Simulated Value

PR1 PR2 PR3

IR4 PR4 PR5

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2. Analysis of DC circuit using a two DC voltage sources

Figure 1(c) Value Va Vb Vc Calculated Value Simulated Value Valu e IR1 IR2 IR3 Calculated Value Simulated Value

Vd PR1 PR2 PR3

IR4 IR5 PR4 PR5

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3. Bipolar Transistor Characteristics Procedur: 1. Draw the circuit in Figure 1(d) and simulate that circuit. Select Operating Point Analysis in the Analysis Setup menu and simulate Q (c) only. Record the readings Ic in Table 6.1. Make sure you record the correct rows and columns. What is the value of dc for this circuit? What is the difference between VCE and Vcc? What is the situation for both : i) same and ii) different. Note that you have to read just for Vbb = 5.7 V and Vce = 10V. Now, using the same value of Vce repeat the simulation earlier and just get all the readings of Ic but using Vbb = 4.7 V. Record all readings in Figure 1(d), but fill in the lines provided for Vbb = 4.7 V. Now simulated this circuit using all the value of Vbb and Vce to get all values of Ic and fill it in a table 1 From Table 1, plot of Ic versus Vce values on graph paper for each value of Ib and draw the IV characteristic curve for this circuit. Y axis (lc) is from 0 to 10mA, and the y axis (Vce) is from 0 to 25 V.

2.

3. 4.

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Figure 1(d)

Vcc (Vce) in Volts Vbb (V) 0 1.66 2.68 3.69 4.70 5.70 Ib (uA) 0 10 20 30 40 50 Table 1 : Ic (mA) 2. In the space Analysis Setup menu, select DC Sweep Analysis and enter all the values as shown in Figure 1(e) below. Next press OK. 0.1 0.5 1 5 10 20

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Figure 1(e) : DC Sweep Value 3. Compare the results obtained by software and the graph theory. Are the two graphs have the same value?

Discussion

Conclusion

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