Reflection of Light

Reflection of light is the simple phenomenon of the light bouncing back after falling on an object.
The most common example of this is not being able to see anything on entering a dark room but
once you switch on the lights, everything will be visible. Let’s explore more about this topic
through this detailed blog.

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What is Reflection of Light?

To begin with, the reflection of light occurs whenever a ray of light falls on a smooth polished
surface and bounces back. In other words, the ray of light approaching any surface results in
the reflection of the light. Further, the ray of light which falls on the surface is known as an
Incident ray while the ray of light which gets reflected back is called a Reflected ray. Also, if a
perpendicular is to be drawn between the two rays on the reflecting surface, it is known as a
Normal.

Incident Ray= It is the ray that falls on the surface

Reflected Ray= The ray which is reflected from the surface

Normal = Perpendicular on the polished surface

P= Point of reflection

i= Angle of Incidence

r= Angle of Reflection

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Laws of Reflection
After understanding the meaning of reflection, you must also understand its two imperative laws.
Using these laws, the reflection of the incident ray on various surfaces like a plane mirror, water,
metal surfaces, etc can be determined. For instance, if we consider a plane mirror, here are the
laws of reflection:

● The incident ray, the normal and the reflected ray must lie in the same plane.
● The angle of incidence (i) = The angle of reflection (r).

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Types of Reflection
While exploring the basics of the reflection of light, it is also important to go through the different
types of reflection. Whenever we change the basic elements or the form of basic elements
involved in this phenomenon, the result also varies. Following are the main three types of
reflection:

● Regular Reflection
● Diffused Reflection
● Multiple Reflection

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Regular Reflection

Regular Reflection can also be referred to as Specular Reflection and is simply understood by
using a plane mirror. This mirror used for the reflection of light is not the regular mirror we see
around us, rather it is a glass that is heavily coated with a uniform layer of highly reflective
material such as a powder. As it is coated, the surface totally reflects all the light which falls on it
i.e, there is not much variation in both the angles of reflection at multiple points. Due to this
minimal variation, we can say that all the haziness and the blurriness is completely gone.

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Diffused Reflection

To explore the meaning of diffused reflection, let us consider reflective surfaces other than
mirrors. The common surfaces which can be used for the diffusion of light are comparatively
rough as they are made up of different materials than glass and contain some marks, scratches,
dust or dents. All these things hamper the quality and brightness of the reflection. Thus, the
comparison of both the angles of reflection on such rough surfaces is completely distorted. In
diffused reflection, the incident ray falls on different points and gets reflected in an entirely
different direction and hence, we see non-shiny objects.
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Multiple Reflection

For both regular and diffused reflection of light, a single mirror is used while when we take two
mirrors, a single source of light can be reflected multiple times. This type of reflection is only
possible when the intensity of the light becomes so low that we cannot see it. Infinite images will
be formed in multiple reflections, as each image is the result of another image.

The number of images varies as per the angle between two mirrors. If we decrease the angle,
the number of images get increased. The number of images becomes infinite when the angle
between the two mirrors is zero i.e, they are parallel. Here is a formula to calculate the number
of images for diffused reflection of light:

Concave Mirror
A spherical mirror, whose reflecting surface is curved inwards, that is, faces towards the centre
of the sphere, is called a concave mirror. A concave mirror can be compared to the inside of the
spoon. Concave mirrors are the reflecting objects that are used in reflecting telescope.

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Convex Mirror
A spherical mirror whose reflecting surface is curved outwards is called a convex mirror. A
convex mirror can be compared to the outside of a balloon. A convex mirror is used as a
rearview mirror and for security purposes.

A number of parallel rays hit a convex mirror, they reflect outwards and travel directly away from
an imaginary focal point (F).

Scattering of Light
When light hits very small gas particles or water droplets or even dust particles, it scatters the
light. The amount of scattering of the light depends on the wavelength of light and the size of the
particle. Light on the sky is filled with all the colours of the rainbow i.e. VIBGYOR. So, the
question is ‘Why is the Sky Blue?’

It is because light hits different particles in the atmosphere and it scatters in all directions. Since
blue has a smaller wavelength than Red, it is scattered more than red. That is why the sky looks
blue.
Examples of Reflection of Light in daily life
Some of the most interesting examples of reflection of light in daily life are:

The Blue Sky is because light hits different particles in the atmosphere and it scatters in all
directions. Since blue has a smaller wavelength than Red, it is scattered more than red. That is
why the sky looks blue.

● The Sunset is Red because when the sunset happens, the sky has already scattered
most of the blue light as it has travelled around the atmosphere since the day. So, the
red light dominates during a Sunset.
● Clouds look White because the cloud’s water droplets are much larger than the
wavelength of light. So, all the colours get scattered in different directions to create white
colour.

Light Reflection and Refraction

Light Reflection and Refraction are two different properties of light. The major difference
between the two is:

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The reflection of light occurs whenever a ray of light falls on a smooth polished surface and
bounces back. In other words, the ray of light approaching any surface results in the reflection of
the light. The refraction of light occurs when a ray of light moves from one medium to another
and it changes its direction of travel.

Reflection of Light Important Questions

● A concave lens has a focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the lens a 5 cm tall
object be placed so that it forms an image at 15 cm from the lens? Also, calculate the
size of the image formed.
● The refractive index of diamond is 2.42”. What is the meaning of this statement in
relation to the speed of light?
● Draw the following diagram in your answer book and show the formation of the image of
the object AB with the help of suitable rays.
● An object 2 cm in size is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm.
At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp
image? What will be the nature and the size of the image formed? Draw a ray diagram to
show the formation of the image in this case.
● A ray of light, incident obliquely on a face of a rectangular glass slab placed in the air,
emerges from the opposite face parallel to the incident ray. State two factors on which
the lateral displacement of the emergent ray depends.
 ● What is the minimum number of rays required for locating the image formed by a
concave mirror for an object? Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of a virtual
image by a concave mirror.
● “The refractive index of carbon disulphide is 1.63.” What is the meaning of this statement
in relation to the speed of light?
● The outer surface of a hollow sphere of aluminium of radius 50 cm is to be used as a
mirror. What will be the focal length of this mirror? Which type of spherical mirror will it
provide?
● A girl was playing with a thin beam of light from her laser torch by directing it from
different directions on a convex lens held vertically. She was surprised to see that in a
particular direction the beam of light continues to move along the same direction after
passing through the lens. State the reason for this observation.
● A ray of light enters a rectangular glass slab of refractive index 1.5. It is found that the
ray emerges from the opposite face of the slab without being displaced. If its speed in air
is 3 x 108 ms-1 then what is its speed in glass?
● The speed of light in a transparent medium is 0.6 times that of its speed in vacuum.
What is the refractive index of the medium?

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