QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 1

Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

2 INTERNAL DRAINAGE WORKS ................................................................... 2

2.1 GENERAL ...................................................................................................... 2

2.1.1 Scope 2
2.1.2 Reference 2
2.1.3 Contractor’s Responsibility 3
2.1.4 System Description 3
2.1.5 Site Work 3
2.1.6 Fixing 3
2.1.7 Sealants 3
2.1.8 Inspection 4

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2.2 INTERNAL DRAINAGE PIPEWORK ............................................................. 4

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2.2.1 General 4
2.2.2 Materials 4

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2.3 LABORATORY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS ......................................................... 4
2.3.1 General
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2.4 GULLIES ........................................................................................................ 5
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2.4.1 Floor Gullies 5

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2.5 ACCESS TO DRAINS .................................................................................... 5

2.5.1 General 5
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2.6 ROOF TERMINATION ................................................................................... 5

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2.6.1 Ventilating Pipes and Stack Vents 5

2.7 PUMPING FACILITIES .................................................................................. 6
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2.7.1 Sump Pumps 6

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2.8 SANITARYWARE INSTALLATIONS ............................................................. 6

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2.8.1 General 6
2.8.2 Pedestal WC Pans 6
2.8.3 Squat Type Toilet 6
2.8.4 Flushing Cisterns for Toilets 6
2.8.5 Slab Urinals 7
2.8.6 Bowl Urinals 7
2.8.7 Wash-basins 7
2.8.8 Sinks 7
2.8.9 Showers 8
2.8.10 Taps 8
2.8.11 Traps 8
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 2
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

2 INTERNAL DRAINAGE WORKS

2.1 GENERAL

2.1.1 Scope

1 This Part specifies the requirements for internal drainage pipework, internal drainage
systems and sanitary appliances.

2 Related Sections and Parts are as follows:

This Section
Part 1 General

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Part 7 Commissioning of Systems

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Section 1 General
Section 8 Sewerage

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Section 9 Mechanical and Electrical
2.1.2 Reference io
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1 The following standards are referred to in this Part:
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BS 416........................Discharge and ventilating pipes and fittings, sand-cast or spun in cast

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iron
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BS 437........................Specification for cast iron spigot and socket drain pipes and fittings
BS 539........................Dimensions of fittings for use with clay drains and sewer pipes
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BS 1010......................Specification for draw-off taps and stopvalves for water services

(screw-down patterns)
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BS 1125......................WC flushing cisterns

BS 1184......................Specification copper and copper alloy traps
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BS 1188......................Ceramic wash basins and pedestals

BS 1206......................Fireclay sinks. Dimensions and workmanship
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BS 1212......................Float operated valves

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BS 1244......................Metal sinks for domestic purposes

BS 1254......................Specification for WC seats (plastics)
BS 1255......................WC seats (plastics)
BS 2456......................Specification for floats (plastics) for ballvalves for hot and cold water
BS 3402......................Quality of vitreous china sanitary appliances
BS 4514......................Unplasticized PVC soil and ventilation pipes, fittings and accessories
BS 5254......................Polypropylene waste pipe and fittings (external diameter 34.6 mm,
41.0 mm and 54.1 mm)
BS 5255......................Thermoplastics waste pipe and fittings
BS 5503......................Specification for vitreous china washdown WC pans with horizontal
outlet
BS 5572......................Sanitary Pipework
BS 5889......................One-part gun grade silicone-based sealants
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 3
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

BS 8313......................Code of Practice for accommodation of building services in ducts

2.1.3 Contractor’s Responsibility

1 The Contractor is responsible for checking the dimensions of all internal drainage works to
be installed against the availability of space at their intended installation location.

2.1.4 System Description

1 Internal drainage systems shall generally conform to the relevant provisions of BS 5572.

2 Internal drainage systems shall comprise the minimum pipework necessary to carry away
the discharges from sanitary appliances in buildings quickly and quietly.

3 Drainage pipework installations shall be such that there is no leakage of contaminated water

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or foul air into the building.

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4 Drainage systems, including materials, joints, supports and fixings shall be durable under the
expected operating conditions.

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Pipework and fittings in drainage systems shall be installed so that defective parts can be
replaced without undue difficulty.
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2.1.5 Site Work
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1 A check should be made to ensure that all holes, chases and ducts required for pipework
have been properly provided in accordance with the relevant provisions of BS 8313.
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2 Where several pipes pass through floors in close proximity, the Contractor may provide a
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single framed opening in lieu of individual sleeves. Framed openings shall be to the approval
of the Engineer and shall be provided with 100 mm high curbs, on all sides.
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2.1.6 Fixing
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1 Water supply and discharge pipes should be installed before sanitary appliances are fixed.
Before fixing an appliance into position, the Contractor shall ensure that the discharge pipe
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is clear of obstruction. Joints between appliances and traps and/or pipes should be of the
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union or detachable type.

2 Sinks and baths should be installed so that they drain to the outlet by gravity.

3 Cistern overflow pipes should be arranged to give a visible warning of discharge.

2.1.7 Sealants

1 Sealants shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 5889, type B (high modulus sealant)
with a fungicide incorporated. The sealant should be applied using a purpose made gun or
devise.
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 4
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

2.1.8 Inspection

1 Upon completion of the work, all appliances, materials and workmanship should be carefully
examined for defects and for faults in installation. Any defects or faults shall be corrected
before the appliances are handed over for use.

2.2 INTERNAL DRAINAGE PIPEWORK

2.2.1 General

1 Pipes and fittings used shall be suitable for their purpose.

2 If pipes, pipe joints and pipe fittings are of dissimilar metals, measures shall be taken to
prevent electrolytic corrosion.

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3 The Contractor shall comply with all the recommendations of manufacturers when jointing

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pipes of different materials.

2.2.2 Materials

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Soil, waste and ventilating pipes, fittings and accessories for above ground drainage
systems shall comply with the relevant provisions of the appropriate standard, as set out in
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Table 2.1.
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Table 2.1
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Standards for pipes, fittings and accessories

for above ground drainage systems
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Material Standard
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Cast Iron BS 416, Parts 1 and 2

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PVC-U (soil and ventilating) BS 4514

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Polypropylene (waste) BS 5254

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Plastic (waste) BS 5255

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2 Internal drainage pipes and fittings for below ground applications shall comply with the
relevant provisions of Section 8, Sewerage.

2.3 LABORATORY DRAINAGE SYSTEMS

2.3.1 General

1 The chemical resistance properties of pipes, fittings, jointing systems and any other drainage
accessory shall be suitable for conveying all solutions expected to be discharged to the
drainage system. Where possible, technical advisory services provided by manufacturers
shall be used to ascertain the suitability of products to be used in the drainage system. A full
list of the solutions expected to be discharged to the drainage system is given in the Project
Documentation.
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 5
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

2 Drainage systems for the collection of solutions which are not permitted to be discharged to
existing drainage facilities shall be kept totally separate form other drainage systems.

3 Drainage systems to which grit, gravel, sand or other granular material shall be discharged
shall have sufficient abrasion resistance properties and be fitted with suitable traps and
catch basins.

2.4 GULLIES

2.4.1 Floor Gullies

1 Floor gullies shall comply with the requirements of the following paragraphs unless
otherwise detailed in the Project Documentation.

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2 Floor gullies shall be coated cast iron and comply with the relevant provisions of BS 539.
They shall have a 90 mm diameter trapped outlet and be fitted with a galvanised flat grating

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of an approved type.

3 Floor drains shall be selected with sufficient grate free area to pass the anticipated flow. The

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grate free area is defined as the total area of the drainage openings in the grate and shall be
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not less than 1.5 times greater than the pipe to which the grate is draining.
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4 With the exception of those located in toilets, all floor drains fitted with traps shall incorporate
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a removable bucket.
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5 The gully should be installed on a firm base and located relative to the floor finish. The
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method of fixing shall be as detailed in the Project Documentation.

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2.5 ACCESS TO DRAINS

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2.5.1 General

1 Sufficient and suitable access should be provided to enable all pipework to be tested and
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maintained effectively. Access covers, plugs or caps should be sited so as to facilitate the
insertion of testing apparatus and the use of equipment for cleaning and/or for the removal of
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blockages. The use of apparatus or equipment should not be impeded by the structure or
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other services.

2 Access points should not be located where their use may give rise to nuisance or danger if
spillage occurs.

2.6 ROOF TERMINATION

2.6.1 Ventilating Pipes and Stack Vents

1 Ventilating pipes and stack vents shall terminate with a domical cage or other cover that
does not restrict air flow. They shall be positioned so that foul air does not cause a nuisance
or health hazard.
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 6
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

2.7 PUMPING FACILITIES

2.7.1 Sump Pumps

1 Sump pumps shall comply with the relevant provisions of Section 9, Mechanical and
Electrical Equipment.

2.8 SANITARYWARE INSTALLATIONS

2.8.1 General

1 Sanitary fittings shall, unless otherwise stated in the Project Documentation, be as described
in the following Clauses.

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2 Where screws are used to fix sanitary appliances to concrete, blockwork or brickwork they
shall be rust-proofed steel and plugged.

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2.8.2 Pedestal WC Pans

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1 Pedestal WC pans shall be of white glazed fireclay and shall comply with the relevant
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provisions of BS 5503. They shall have P, Q or S traps as required. WC seats shall be black
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plastic and shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1254. The traps shall be provided
with antisyphonage outlets, where required
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2 Where pans are fixed to timber floors they shall be jointed to the drain pipe with hemp gaskin
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and red lead putty. Where pans are fixed to concrete floors, they shall be jointed to the drain
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pipe with cement/sand mortar mixed in a 1:2 ratio. The pans shall be screwed to the floor.
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2.8.3 Squat Type Toilet

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1 Squat type toilets shall comprise a closet of white vitreous china complying with the relevant
provisions of BS 3402 for sinking into the floors and integral or separate tread plates in a
matching material. They shall have P, Q or S trap as required. The traps shall be provided
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with antisyphonage outlets, where required.

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2 The closets and tread plates shall be set into a concrete bed with the top surface level with
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the floor finish.

2.8.4 Flushing Cisterns for Toilets

1 Flushing cisterns shall be black plastic or white vitreous china complying with the relevant
provisions of BS 1125 and shall be the single flushing type. They shall be fitted with a nylon
or brass ball valve complying with the relevant provisions of BS 1212 with a plastic float
complying with the relevant provisions of BS 2456. They shall have connections for 12 mm
diameter supply and 20 mm diameter overflow pipes. Flush pipes complying with the
relevant provisions of BS 1125 shall be provided and shall be of galvanised mild steel.

2 Flush pipes shall be jointed to the bottom of the cisterns by means of watertight unions
which allow for easy removal and shall be jointed to WC pans by means of approved rubber
cone connectors. The cisterns shall be fixed to walls with screws.
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 7
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

3 High level cisterns shall be provided with chromium plated chains with rubber pull handles.
They shall be fixed a height of 1500 mm from finished floor level to the underside of the
cistern. Flush pipes shall be 30 mm diameter and shall be fixed with pipe clips which shall be
screwed to walls.

4 Low level cisterns shall be provided with chromium plated lever flushing handles. They shall
be fixed at a height of 600 mm from finished floor level to the underside of the cistern. Flush
pipes shall be 35 mm diameter.

2.8.5 Slab Urinals

1 Urinal slabs shall be white glazed fireclay and shall have end screens. All urinals shall have
a white glazed fireclay floor channel and white glazed fireclay fluted treads set flush with the
floor finish. The channel shall have a 40 mm diameter chromium plated brass outlet with

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hinged grating.

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2 The urinal slabs, channel and floor treads shall be bedded in cement mortar and jointed and
painted with white cement. The flushing cistern shall be a white glazed fireclay automatic
flushing cistern, complete with cover, and shall be fixed on white porcelain enamelled cast

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iron brackets which shall be screwed to the wall.
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3 Flush pipes and spreaders shall be chromium plated and shall be fixed to walls with
chromium plated holderbats. A 40 mm diameter trap with 40 mm or 75 mm deep seal as
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necessary shall be provided.

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2.8.6 Bowl Urinals

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1 Urinals bowls shall be white glazed fireclay with lipped basin and flushing rim. Urinal bowls
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shall be screwed to the wall. Flushing cisterns, flushing pipes and spreaders shall be as
described for slab urinals. The bowl urinals shall be complete with chromium plated brass
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outlet and trap.

2.8.7 Wash-basins
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1 Wash-basins shall be white glazed fireclay size 625 mm x 450 mm overall and shall comply
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with the relevant provisions of BS 1188. Each basin shall be provided with a 30 mm
diameter chromium plated waste outlet and rubber plug with a chromium plated chain and
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stay.

2 A 30 mm diameter trap shall be fixed to each basin having a 40 mm deep seal and one or
two 12 mm pillar taps shall be fixed as required. Where only one tap only is required, the
basin shall be provided with a tap hole stopper to match the basin. Unless otherwise
specified, each wash-basin shall be fixed on two cast iron brackets complying with the
relevant provisions of BS 1255 which shall be screwed to the wall. If required the pedestal
WC pan shall match the basin.

2.8.8 Sinks

1 Ceramic sinks shall be white glazed fireclay size 600 mm x 450 mm x 250 mm deep and
shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1206.

2 Metal sinks shall be stainless steel or aluminium to the sizes stated in the Project
Documentation and shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1244.
QCS 2014 Section 20: Drainage Works for Buildings Page 8
Part 02: Internal Drainage Works

3 Each sink shall be provided with a 40 mm chromium plated brass waste outlet, outlet grating,
overflow and rubber plug with chromium plated chain and stay. A 40 mm diameter trap shall
be fixed to each sink having a 40 mm or 75 mm deep seal as necessary. Each sink shall
have one or two 12 mm diameter pillar or bib taps, as required. Where only one tap is
required, a tap hole stopper to match the sink shall be provided. Pillar taps shall have 150
mm raising pieces and bib taps shall have extension pieces of adequate length.

4 Sinks shall be supported and fixed on brackets or legs unless otherwise specified in the
Project Documentation. Two cast iron brackets shall be used for sinks supported and fixed
on brackets. The brackets shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1255 and shall be
screwed to the wall. Legs for supporting sinks shall be of cast iron or galvanised steel with a
painted finish. Sinks shall be fixed at a height of 550 mm from the outlet grating to finished
floor level.

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2.8.9 Showers

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1 Shower fittings shall comprise a 100 mm diameter adjustable chromium plated brass inclined
shower head with rose and 12 mm diameter supply pipe(s) with 12 mm diameter stop
valve(s) to control the water supply.

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The shower head shall be fixed a height of 1800 mm above the finished floor level. All
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exposed pipework and fittings serving the showers within the shower area shall be
chromium plated and fixed with chromium plated holderbats.
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2.8.10 Taps
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1 All taps shall comply with the relevant provisions of BS 1010. Taps shall be of the following
type as appropriate and, where necessary, shall be provided with extension pieces.
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(a) pillar taps shall be 12 mm diameter chromium plated brass with cross heads.
(b) bib taps, unless otherwise stated, shall be 12 mm diameter chromium plated brass
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with cross heads, complete with backplate elbow or wall flange. Bib taps to stand
pipes shall be 12 mm diameter unplated brass, and shall have an extended nozzle
suitable for hose connections.
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2.8.11 Traps
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1 Traps shall be of the following types:-

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(a) traps for sinks, lavatory basins and baths shall be copper, brass, or aluminium
complying with the relevant provisions of BS 1184, complete with cleaning eye.
Traps to sinks, baths shall have an overflow connection.
(b) traps for urinals with suspended drains shall be 75 mm diameter cast iron complying
with the relevant provisions of BS 416, Table 14. They shall be fitted with cast iron
connectors and threaded to receive the outlet from the urinal.
(c) traps for urinals with buried drainage shall be 75 mm diameter cast iron complying
with the relevant provisions of BS 437. They shall be fitted with cast iron connectors
and threaded to receive the outlet from the urinal.

END OF PART