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    Curve Fitting Assignment Sabbir 17146555

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    Sabbir Ahmed Nirob
    This document provides instructions for a curve fitting assignment. It discusses three mathematical models - power law, exponential, and saturation growth rate models. For each model, it describes the equations, linearizes the data, calculates coefficients to minimize error between the model and data, derives the final equations, and calculates the linear fit r-squared value. Based on the r-squared values, the power law model is identified as the most suitable to represent the data, with an r-squared value of 0.9830, closer to a perfect fit of 1.

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    Curve Fitting Assignment Sabbir 17146555

    Uploaded by

    Sabbir Ahmed Nirob
    26 views15 pages
    This document provides instructions for a curve fitting assignment. It discusses three mathematical models - power law, exponential, and saturation growth rate models. For each model, it describes the equations, linearizes the data, calculates coefficients to minimize error between the model and data, derives the final equations, and calculates the linear fit r-squared value. Based on the r-squared values, the power law model is identified as the most suitable to represent the data, with an r-squared value of 0.9830, closer to a perfect fit of 1.

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    Curve fitting assignment for Numerical Analysis

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    Curve_fitting_assignment_Sabbir_17146555

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    This document provides instructions for a curve fitting assignment. It discusses three mathematical models - power law, exponential, and saturation growth rate models. For each model, it describes the equations, linearizes the data, calculates coefficients to minimize error between the model and data, derives the final equations, and calculates the linear fit r-squared value. Based on the r-squared values, the power law model is identified as the most suitable to represent the data, with an r-squared value of 0.9830, closer to a perfect fit of 1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    26 views15 pages

    Curve Fitting Assignment Sabbir 17146555

    Uploaded by

    Sabbir Ahmed Nirob
    This document provides instructions for a curve fitting assignment. It discusses three mathematical models - power law, exponential, and saturation growth rate models. For each model, it describes the equations, linearizes the data, calculates coefficients to minimize error between the model and data, derives the final equations, and calculates the linear fit r-squared value. Based on the r-squared values, the power law model is identified as the most suitable to represent the data, with an r-squared value of 0.9830, closer to a perfect fit of 1.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 15

    Curve Fitting Assignment

    Course: Numerical Analysis


    Course Code: KIE3005
    Instructor: Dr. Wan Amirul Bin Wan Mohd Mahiyiddin

    Name: Sabbir Ahmed


    Matric No: KIE180713 – (17146555/1)
    Group: 2
    Introduction:

    Curve fitting is the process of constructing a curve, or mathematical function, that has
    the best fit to a series of data points, possibly subject to constraints. It can be use in various
    engineering application such as estimating wireless pathloss model, machine learning, and
    modelling a certain system from sensors. Practical engineering problems can be solve using
    the correct mathematical modelling.

    Question-1

    1. Power Law Model

    A power law is a functional relationship between two quantities, where a relative


    change in one quantity results in a proportional relative change in the other quantity,
    independent of the initial size of those quantities: one quantity varies as a power of another.

    The formula for Power law model can be written as:

    𝐹 = 𝛼𝑉𝛽
    By linearizing the equation, we get,

    log(F) = log (α) + β log(V)………………(i)


    Comparing the equation (i) with
    y = a0 + a1*x……………….(ii)

    log(F) = y,
    log (α) = a0,
    β = a1,
    log(V) = x

    a) Linearized the data and calculate the coefficients (values of 𝑎1 and 𝑎0) that minimizes
    the error between the model and the data. Using equation a1 a0 as below

    Using Matlab simulation:

    n = 100000 %data length


    %Power law eqn F=alpha*(V^beta)
    %Linearized the data given
    y =log10(W);
    x = log10(V);
    %Calculate a1 power law
    xi=sum(x); %summation of x data
    yi=sum(y); %summation of y data
    xiyi= sum(x.*y); %summation of x*y data
    xi2= sum(x.^2); %summation of x squared data
    a1_P = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 power law
    ybar = yi/n; % mean value of y
    xbar = xi/n; %mean value of x
    a0_P = ybar - a1_P*xbar

    The values of a1 and a0 are –

    Putting the values a1 and a0 into the equation (ii)

    y = 1.9135 – 2.9073*x

    b) Final equation of Power Law Model

    %Calculate alpha beta


    alpha_P = 10^a0_P
    beta_P = a1_P
    F = alpha_P*(V.^beta_P);

    The values for Alpha and Beta are:


    So, the final equation for Power Law Model is –

    𝑊 = 81.9449 ∗ 𝑉 −2.9073

    c) The linear fit r^2 value:

    %Calculate St Sr
    % St is quantify spread of data about the mean prior to
    regression
    % Sr is quantify spread of data about the regression line
    %(or curve)
    St_P=0;
    Sr_P=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_P = St_P + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_P = Sr_P + (y(i)-a0_P-a1_P.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r_P= sqrt((St_P-Sr_P)/St_P)
    r2_P=r_P^2

    From the matlab output, r^2 = 0.9830


    d) Plot the graph-
    2. Exponential Model:

    A specific way that a quantity may increase over time. It occurs when the instantaneous
    rate of change of a quantity with respect to time is proportional to the quantity itself.

    The equation of Exponential model is written as:

    A= α𝒆𝜷𝒕
    By linearizing this equation, we get

    ln(A) = ln (α) + βt…….(iii)


    Comparing the equation (iii) with

    y = a0 + a1*x……(iv)
    ln(A) = y,
    ln (α) = a0,
    β = a1,
    t=x

    a) Linearized the data and calculate the coefficients (values of 𝑎1 and 𝑎0) that
    minimizes the error between the model and the data.

    %Part (ii) - Exponential Model


    %%%Exponential model A = alpha*e^(beta*t)
    %Linearized the data given
    y = log(W)/log(exp(1));
    x = V;
    %Calculate coefficient a1 exponential model
    xi=0;
    yi=0;
    xiyi=0;
    xi2=0;
    for i=1:n %summation of each desired data
    xi = xi + x(i); %summation of x data
    yi = yi + y(i); %summation of y data
    xiyi= xiyi + x(i)*y(i); %summation of x*y data
    xi2= xi2 + (x(i))^2; %summation of x squared data
    end
    a1_E = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 exponential model
    ybar = yi/n;
    xbar = xi/n;
    a0_E = ybar - a1_E*xbar
    The values of a0 and a1 are –

    Putting the values of a0 and a1 in the (iv) equation

    y = 3.9659 -0.7437*x

    b) Final equation of Exponential Model

    %Calculate alpha beta


    alpha_E = exp(a0_E)
    beta_E = a1_E
    A = alpha_E.*exp(beta_E.*V);

    The values of Alpha and Beta are –

    So, the final equation of Exponential Model is –

    W = 52.7666*𝑒 −0.7437∗𝑉
    c) The linear fir r^2 value –

    %Calculate St Sr
    St_E=0;
    Sr_E=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_E = St_E + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_E = Sr_E + (y(i)-a0_E-a1_E.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r2_E= (St_E-Sr_E)/St_E

    The output –

    So, r^2 = 0.9057

    d) Plot the graph


    3. Saturation growth rate model

    Saturation-Growth Rate model come from situations where the derivative of the
    dependent variable is proportional to the square of the ratio of the dependent variable to the
    independent variable.

    The equation of Saturation Growth Rate model is written as:

    C = αt / (β+t)

    By linearizing this equation, we get

    1/C = 1/α + (β / α) (1/ t)………...(v)

    Comparing the equation (v) with

    y = a0 + a1*x……….(vi)

    1/C =y
    1/α = a0
    β / α = a1
    1/ t = x

    a) Linearized the data and calculate the coefficients (values of 𝑎1 and 𝑎0) that minimizes
    the error between the model and the data.

    %Part (iii) - Saturation-growth-rate Model


    %Saturation-growth-rate Model C=alpha*(t/(beta+t))
    %Linearized the data given
    y = 1./W;
    x = 1./V;
    %Calculate a1 Saturation-growth-rate Model
    %summation of x y x*y and x^2
    xi=sum(x);
    yi=sum(y);
    xiyi= sum(x.*y);
    xi2= sum(x.^2);
    a1_S = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 Saturation-growth-rate Model
    ybar = yi/n; % mean of y data
    xbar = xi/n; %mean of x data
    a0_S = ybar - a1_S*xbar

    a1 and a0 values are-


    Putting the values of a0 and a1 in the (vi) equation

    y = 3.8083 -5.8595*x

    b) The final equation for Saturation growth rate model –

    %Calculate alpha beta


    alpha_S = 1/a0_S
    beta_S = a1_S*alpha_S
    C = alpha_S.*(V./(beta_S + V));

    The output:

    So, the final equation of saturation growth rate model is:

    W = (0.2626*V)/(-1.5386*V)

    c) The linear fit r^2 value:


    %Calculate St Sr
    St_S=0;
    Sr_S=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_S = St_S + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_S = Sr_S + (y(i)-a0_S-a1_S.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r2_S= (St_S-Sr_S)/St_S

    The output:

    The linear fit r^2 value is 0.3599

    d) Plot the graph


    Question-2: Which one of these mathematical models is the most suitable to represent
    the data?

    By the definition of coefficient of determination or r^2 is a statistical measurement that


    examines how differences in one variable can be explained by the difference in a second
    variables, when predicting the outcome of a given event. It gives an idea how perfectly the
    result of the line formed by the regression equation. The higher the coefficient, the higher
    percentage of points the line passes through when the data points and lines are plotted. In one
    word, whichever the coefficient is closer to 1, is a better fit than any other model. If the data
    lies on a straight line then, Sr = 0 and then r^2 = 1. If the value of quantifies Sr and St are equal
    then r^2 = 0, which means “No improvement over the mean”. Whereas, Sr>St then r^2 is less
    than zero, which means, Linear fit is worse than the mean and not possible for unconstrained
    linear regression.

    From above shown models, the coefficient for the Power Law model is 0.9830, which is closer
    to perfect fit 1. which means the curves are better fit Power Law model comparing to Saturation
    growth rate, r^2 = 0.3599 and Exponential models, r^2 = 0.9057. From the obtained result, it
    is justified to say that Power Law model is suitable to represent the data.
    Reference Code:

    %curve fitting assignment


    %Name Sabbir Ahmed
    %Matric KIE180713 - 17146555/1

    close all; clear all; clc;


    load data_17146555 %load the data given in sharepoint
    n = 100000 %data length

    %Part (i) - Power Law Model


    %Power law eqn F=alpha*(V^beta)
    %Linearized the data given

    y =log10(W);
    x = log10(V);
    %Calculate a1 power law
    xi=sum(x); %summation of x data
    yi=sum(y); %summation of y data
    xiyi= sum(x.*y); %summation of x*y data
    xi2= sum(x.^2); %summation of x squared data
    a1_P = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 power law
    ybar = yi/n; % mean value of y
    xbar = xi/n; %mean value of x
    a0_P = ybar - a1_P*xbar
    %Calculate St Sr
    % St is quantify spread of data about the mean prior to regression
    % Sr is quantify spread of data about the regression line
    %(or curve)
    St_P=0;
    Sr_P=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_P = St_P + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_P = Sr_P + (y(i)-a0_P-a1_P.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r_P= sqrt((St_P-Sr_P)/St_P)
    r2_P=r_P^2
    %Calculate alpha beta
    alpha_P = 10^a0_P
    beta_P = a1_P
    F = alpha_P*(V.^beta_P);
    %Plot graph
    figure(1)
    plot(V,W,'.') %plot raw data
    xlabel('V')
    ylabel('W')
    title('Power Law Model')
    hold on
    plot(V,F,'linewidth',1.5,'color','r') %plot the data in non-linear
    legend('Data', 'Power Law Model Graph') %Assign the graph
    caption = sprintf('W = %f * V^{%f}', alpha_P, beta_P);
    text(6,120, caption, 'FontSize', 12, 'Color', 'r' ); %text color and size
    %Display the equation
    %%

    %Part (ii) - Exponential Model


    %%%Exponential model A = alpha*e^(beta*t)
    %Linearized the data given
    y = log(W)/log(exp(1));
    x = V;
    %Calculate coefficient a1 exponential model
    xi=0;
    yi=0;
    xiyi=0;
    xi2=0;
    for i=1:n %summation of each desired data
    xi = xi + x(i); %summation of x data
    yi = yi + y(i); %summation of y data
    xiyi= xiyi + x(i)*y(i); %summation of x*y data
    xi2= xi2 + (x(i))^2; %summation of x squared data
    end
    a1_E = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 exponential model
    ybar = yi/n;
    xbar = xi/n;
    a0_E = ybar - a1_E*xbar
    %Calculate St Sr
    St_E=0;
    Sr_E=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_E = St_E + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_E = Sr_E + (y(i)-a0_E-a1_E.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r2_E= (St_E-Sr_E)/St_E
    %Calculate alpha beta
    alpha_E = exp(a0_E)
    beta_E = a1_E
    A = alpha_E.*exp(beta_E.*V);
    %Plot graph
    figure(2)
    plot(V,W,'.')
    xlabel('V')
    ylabel('W')
    title('Exponential Method')
    hold on
    plot(V,A,'linewidth',1.5,'color','g')
    legend('Data', 'Exponential Model Graph')
    caption = sprintf('W = %f * e^{%f * V}', alpha_E,beta_E);
    text(6,100, caption, 'FontSize', 12, 'Color', 'g' ); %text color and size
    %%

    %Part (iii) - Saturation-growth-rate Model


    %Saturation-growth-rate Model C=alpha*(t/(beta+t))
    %Linearized the data given
    y = 1./W;
    x = 1./V;
    %Calculate a1 Saturation-growth-rate Model
    %summation of x y x*y and x^2
    xi=sum(x);
    yi=sum(y);
    xiyi= sum(x.*y);
    xi2= sum(x.^2);
    a1_S = (n*xiyi-xi*yi)/(n*xi2 - xi^2)
    %Calculate a0 Saturation-growth-rate Model
    ybar = yi/n; % mean of y data
    xbar = xi/n; %mean of x data
    a0_S = ybar - a1_S*xbar
    %Calculate St Sr
    St_S=0;
    Sr_S=0;
    for i= 1:n
    St_S = St_S + (y(i)-ybar)^2;
    Sr_S = Sr_S + (y(i)-a0_S-a1_S.*x(i))^2;
    end
    %Define linear fit r^2
    r2_S= (St_S-Sr_S)/St_S
    %Calculate alpha beta
    alpha_S = 1/a0_S
    beta_S = a1_S*alpha_S
    C = alpha_S.*(V./(beta_S + V));
    %Plot graph Saturation-growth-rate Model
    figure(3)
    plot(V,W,'.')
    axis([1 3 -800 1200]);
    xlabel('V')
    ylabel('W')
    title('Saturation-growth-rate Model')
    hold on
    plot(V,C,'linewidth',1.5,'color','r')
    legend('Data', 'Saturation growth rate Model Graph')
    caption = sprintf('W = %f*V/(%f+V)', alpha_S, beta_S);
    text(2,600, caption, 'FontSize', 12, 'Color', 'r' ); %text color and size

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