Social Innovation
Social Innovation
Social Innovation
SARAVANAKUMAR.R
MBA
NMS.S.VN.COLLEGE NAGAMALAI PUDUKOTTAI
MADURAI-625019
Saravanaskp07@gmail.com
MADHAVAN.A
MBA
NMS.S.VN.COLLEGE NAGAMALAI PUTHUKOTTAI
MADURAI-625019
madhavanvishwa@gmail.com
Social Innovation
ABSTRACT
KEYWORDS
Social Innovation
Social Innovation
Social Innovation means creating ideas for change and solving a problem through
several mediums.
It is the process of using creativity to look for solutions that will improve the
general well-being of people.
It uses different perspectives of the impacted and those who wish to make an
impact to come up with creative and brilliant solutions.
It is a method of introducing a change in the world.
It promotes collaboration, active action and creative thoughts for the general
beneficence of the people.
It helps in solving small-scale as well as large-scale problems.
INTRODUCTION
Waffle
History
Medieval origins
In ancient times the Greeks cooked flat cakes, called obelios, between hot metal
plates. As they were spread throughout medieval Europe, the cake mix, a mixture
of flour, water or milk, and often eggs, became known as wafers and were also
cooked over an open fire between iron plates with long handles.[8]
Detail from Pieter Bruegel's Het gevecht tussen Carnaval en Vasten – among the
first known images of waffles
By the 16th century, paintings by Joachim de Beuckelaer, Pieter Aertsen and Pieter
Bruegel clearly depict the modern waffle form.[22] Bruegel's work, in particular, not
only shows waffles being cooked, but fine detail of individual waffles. In those
instances, the waffle pattern can be counted as a large 12x7 grid, with cleanly
squared sides, suggesting the use of a fairly thin batter, akin to contemporary
Brussels waffles (Brusselse wafels).[23]
The earliest of the 16th century waffle recipes, Om ghode waffellen te backen –
from the Dutch KANTL 15 manuscript (c. 1500–1560) – is only the second known
waffle recipe after the four variants described in Le Ménagier de Paris.[24] For the
first time, partial measurements were given, sugar was used, and spices were added
directly to the batter: Take grated white bread. Take with that the yolk of an egg
and a spoonful of pot sugar or powdered sugar. Take with that half water and half
wine, and ginger and cinnamon.[25]
Alternately attributed to the 16th and 17th centuries, Groote Wafelen from the
Belgian Een Antwerps kookboek was published as the first recipe to use leavening
(beer yeast): Take white flour, warm cream, fresh melted butter, yeast, and mix
together until the flour is no longer visible. Then add ten or twelve egg yolks.
Those who do not want them to be too expensive may also add the egg white and
just milk. Put the resulting dough at the fireplace for four hours to let it rise better
before baking it.[26] Until this time, no recipes contained leavening and could
therefore be easily cooked in the thin moule à oublies. Groote Wafelen, in its use of
leavening, was the genesis of contemporary waffles and validates the use of deeper
irons (wafelijzers) depicted in the Beuckelaer and Bruegel paintings of the time.[23]
Charles IX, King of France, created the first legislation regulating waffle sales.
By the mid-16th century, there were signs of waffles' mounting French
popularity. Francois I, king from 1494 to 1547, of whom it was said les aimait
beacoup (loved them a lot), had a set of waffle irons cast in pure silver.[27][28] His
successor, Charles IX enacted the first waffle legislation in 1560, in response to a
series of quarrels and fights that had been breaking out between the oublieurs.
They were required "d'être au moins à la distance de deux toises l'un de l'autre."
(to be no less than 4 yards from one to the other).[16]
17th–18th centuries
Moving into the 17th century, unsweetened or honey-sweetened waffles and
oublies – often made of non-wheat grains – were the type generally accessible to
the average citizen.[16][29] The wheat-based and particularly the sugar-sweetened
varieties, while present throughout Europe, were prohibitively expensive for all but
the monarchy and bourgeoisie.[16] Even for the Dutch, who controlled much of the
mid-century sugar trade, a kilogram of sugar was worth ½ an ounce of silver (the
equivalent of ~$7 for a 5 lb. bag, 01/2016 spot silver prices), while, elsewhere in
Europe, it fetched twice the price of opium.[30][31] The wealthier families' waffles,
known often as mestiers, were "smaller, thinner and above all more delicate, being
composed of egg yolks, sugar, and the finest of the finest flour, mixed in white
wine. One serves them at the table like dessert pastry."[16]
By the dawn of the 18th century, expansion of Caribbean plantations had cut sugar
prices in half.[30] Waffle recipes abounded and were becoming decadent in their use
of sugar and other rare ingredients.[32] For instance, Menon's gaufre from Nouveau
Traité de la Cuisine included a livre of sugar for a demi-livre of flour.[33]
Germany became a leader in the development and publication of waffle recipes
during the 18th century, introducing coffee waffles, the specific use
of Hefeweizen beer yeast, cardamom, nutmeg, and a number
of Zuickerwaffeln (sugar waffles).[34][35] At the same time, the French introduced
whipped egg whites to waffles, along with lemon zests, Spanish wine, and cloves.
[36]
Joseph Gillier even published the first chocolate waffle recipe, featuring three
ounces of chocolate grated and mixed into the batter, before cooking.[37]
A number of the 18th century waffle recipes took on names to designate their
country or region/city of origin – Schwedische Waffeln, Gauffres à
l'Allemande and, most famous of all the 18th century varieties, Gauffres à la
Flamande, which were first recorded in 1740.[37][38] These Gauffres à la
Flamande (Flemish waffles / Gaufres de Lille) were the first French recipe to use
beer yeast, but unlike the Dutch and German yeasted recipes that preceded them,
use only egg whites and over a pound of butter in each batch.[38] They are also the
oldest named recipe that survives in popular use to the present day, produced
regionally and commercially by Meert.[39]
The 18th century is also when the word "waffle" first appeared in the English
language, in a 1725 printing of Court Cookery by Robert Smith.[40] Recipes had
begun to spread throughout England and America, though essentially all were
patterned after established Dutch, Belgian, German, and French versions.[41] Waffle
parties, known as "wafel frolics", were documented as early as 1744 in New
Jersey, and the Dutch had earlier established waffles in New Amsterdam (New
York City).[42][43]
INDIAN MALNUTRION
Malnutrition-Free India
State/UT wise details of malnourished children (stunted, wasted and underweight)
under 5 years and malnourished women (aged 15-49 years) as per the National
Family Health Survey is at Annexure-I. Malnourishment in children (stunting,
wasting and underweight) under 5 years has reduced as per NHFS-5 (2019-21)
from 38.4% to 35.5%, 21.0% to 19.3% and 35.8% to 32.1% respectively as
compared to NHFS-4 (2015-16).Malnutrition among women aged 15-49 years has
also reduced from 22.9% to 18.7%.
Government has accorded high priority to the issue of malnutrition and is
implementing several schemes like Anganwadi Services, Scheme for Adolescent
Girls and Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana (PMMVY) under the Umbrella
Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme as direct targeted
interventions to address the problem of malnutrition in the country.
Anganwadi Services Scheme aims to improve the nutritional and health status of
pregnant women & lactating mothers and reduce the incidence of mortality,
morbidity and malnutrition. Under the Scheme, pregnant women and lactating
mothers are provided supplementary nutrition, nutrition and health education,
immunization, health check-up and referral services.
S. State/UT Stunting Wasting Underweigh Women whose Body Mass Inde
No. (%) (%) t (%) (BMI) is below normal (BMI
<18.5 kg/m2) (%)