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A Little Camping Mystery

By Colleen Messina

The night was cool, and the air smelled like damp leaves. The forest was
dark, but the fire was bright. The fire crackled and popped. Kim was
toasting a marshmallow over the orange flames. Her dad also toasted a
marshmallow. It fell into the fire. Poof! It burned right up. Kim and her dad
were having fun camping. Then Kim heard a buzzing noise. Something bit
her! The bite began to swell and itch. Kim loved camping. She did not like
bugs. What had bitten her? Her dad got something out of the tent. It was in a
can. He sprayed it on Kim. It smelled funny, but it kept the bugs away. Now
Kim could eat her toasted marshmallows in peace.

A Little Camping Mystery

Questions
1. Where did this story take place?
A. in a forest
B. in a kitchen
C. on a beach
D. in a restaurant

2. What was Kim eating in the story?

A. hamburgers
B. chips
C. hotdogs
D. marshmallows

3. What bit Kim?

A. a bee
B. a mosquito

4. What did Dad spray on Kim to keep the bugs away?

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Drum Roll
By Beth Beutler

"Okay, girls, let's hit it!" Barbara said to her friends Cheryl, Allison,
and Caroline.

"Let's do it!" Caroline answered.

The girls picked up their drum sticks and began to warm up on their
drum sets. They were set up in Barbara's basement. They were
celebrating International Drum Month by having their own drumming
party. Barbara had the most space, so Cheryl, Allison, and Caroline
had packed up drums of their own and had come over early one
Saturday morning.

They planned to enter as a group in a drumming competition being held at the end of the month in the city they
lived near. It was a yearly competition, and there were lots of entries. They had attended each year for the last
three years and learned so much. There were demonstrations, an expo of drumming equipment, and concerts.

After a few minutes of warming up, Barbara took charge. (She had that natural leadership personality and
typically guided the group. The others didn't mind since she was nice about it most of the time.)

"From what the rules say, we can play a track and develop our own drumming rhythm to accompany it. I've
written out some possibilities. Let me know what you think."

The girls worked for the next hour, running the beats as Barbara had suggested, making changes, and giving
new ideas. Barbara liked most of the ideas, and when she disagreed, she did so graciously. By the time they were
ready for a break, they had agreed on the accompaniment they wanted to perform.

The girls went upstairs for a mid-morning snack. While drinking orange juice and enjoying some bagels with
hazelnut cream cheese, they discussed the upcoming competition.

"Do you think we will be ready?" Allison said. She was always the most timid one of the group.

"I think so," Cheryl said. "Barbara, what do you think?"

"I think we have a good plan written out, but we need more practice."

"I agree," said Caroline. "I'd like to be able to play without referring to the beat sheets much."

"Yes," Allison said. "Remember some of those groups last year? They played from the heart, like it was
second nature. They were passionate. That's how we need to play!"

"Do you know why they could do that?" Barbara asked.

"Why?" said more than one of the girls.

"Practice, practice, practice. While many of those drummers ARE gifted, I think that ongoing practice that is
done well is what makes playing easier and more natural."

"So what are we waiting for?" asked Allison. "Let's get back to practice!"

And that's just what they did.

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Drum Roll

Questions
1. How many girls are in the drum group?
A. eight
B. four
C. two
D. six

2. At whose home were the girls practicing?

A. Barbara's
B. Caroline's
C. Cheryl's
D. Allison's

3. For what event were the girls preparing?

A. drum competition
B. concert
C. parade
D. drum camp

4. Describe Barbara.

5. Who can you assume is the shyest of the girls? Why?

6. Several of last year's group played drums like it was second nature.
A. true
B. false

7. What is the best definition of "passionate" in this story?

A. indifferent
B. easily moved to anger
C. ardent, excited
D. emotional

8. What did Barbara think would be the key to their success?

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Succulents
By Sheri Skelton

Succulents are plants that have special ways for storing water. They store the
water to use later. This allows the succulents to survive in areas where most plants
would die from lack of water.

Stem succulents store water in their stems. They can live in the driest climates.
Cactus plants are a type of stem succulent. They can survive in areas that have long
periods of drought. Cactus plants do not have leaves. They have spines. Since they
don't have leaves, cactus plants don't lose water through transpiration. The spines
also help protect the cactus plants.

Root succulents are plants that store water underground in thick roots. The water
is stored underground away from the heat of the sun.

Leaf succulents store water in their leaves. These plants live in semi-desert areas.
Leaf succulents have thick, waxy leaves. The panda plant is a leaf succulent. Tiny
hairs cover the leaves of the panda plant. These tiny hairs keep air from traveling
across the surface of the leaf. That reduces the amount of water the plant loses. The
tiny hairs also make the plant appear to be fuzzy or woolly. The leaves of the panda plant are a silvery white color.
The color helps reduce water loss by reflecting sunlight.

Succulents can be found in many different places. Some succulents live in salt marshes. These plants store
fresh water in their leaves. Some succulents are air plants and have little or no contact with the ground. Most
succulents, however, live in dry places. Just imagine what the desert would look like without cactus plants!

Succulents

Questions
1. What special ability does a succulent plant have?

2. What type of succulent plant is a cactus plant?

A. a leaf succulent
B. a root succulent
C. a stem succulent
D. a desert succulent

3. What type of succulent plant is a panda plant?

A. a root succulent
B. a leaf succulent
C. a stem succulent
D. a desert succulent

4. Some succulents live in salt marshes.

A. false
B. true

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Emperor Penguins
By Vickie Chao
Rewritten as a short reader by Cindy Grigg

Emperor penguins live in the coldest place on Earth-Antarctica. In

fact, this icy continent is the only place emperor penguins are found.
Temperatures are below freezing for almost the whole year. In the
winter, there are several months of darkness. Winds blow along the
coasts at storm force. How can anything live in such an inhospitable
place?

Well, emperor penguins have lots of blubber. Blubber is a thick

layer of fat under the skin. As much as one-third of a penguin's body
weight might be blubber. They have a thick layer of feathers. This
helps them keep warm, too. Also, emperor penguins love to huddle in a
large group. They take turns staying near the edges. Each penguin has a
turn in the warmer inside part of the circle.

Emperor penguins are about four feet tall. They weigh about sixty-five pounds. They are the tallest and the
fattest penguin species. Their heads and backs are covered in blue-black feathers. They have lemon yellow on
their upper bodies. Their bellies are white. They have orange cheeks. They also have a dash of orange on each
side of their beaks. Emperor penguins eat fish, squid, and crustaceans. They are superb divers. They can dive
more than 1,500 feet deep. They can stay underwater for up to fifteen minutes.

Emperor penguins breed in the harsh Antarctic winter. They are the only penguin species to do so. They have a
long journey, too! They travel from sixty to one hundred miles inland to mate, lay eggs, and raise their young.
Female penguins of other species usually lay two eggs. But female emperor penguins only lay one.

Emperors do not build nests. After a female penguin lays her single egg, she leaves her husband in charge of
keeping the egg warm. She goes into the sea to eat. She does not return for two months. The father emperor
penguin carefully places the egg on top of his feet. The egg must never touch the ground. If it does, the cold will
kill the growing chick inside. The egg is held against the father's brood patch. The brood patch is an area of bare
skin around a bird's belly that transfers heat to its eggs. Since the mother is not around, the father emperor
penguin must remain with the egg. For the next two months, the father does not eat at all. His stored fat keeps him
alive. He may lose as much as half of his weight during the nesting period.

If the egg hatches before the mother comes back, the father penguin feeds the chick. He has a special gland in
his throat that makes food for the baby. The food is high in protein and fat. The mother returns and gives her
husband a break. He returns to the sea to eat for about two weeks.

The father emperor penguin comes back from the sea with a full stomach. Then he helps his wife feed their
chick. The chick is covered in thick gray down feathers. It must stay on its parent's feet until it is strong enough to
withstand the cold. The parents take turns holding the chick while the other brings back food. Once its down
feathers are replaced with colorful adult plumage, the chick is ready to venture into the sea and feed itself.

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Emperor Penguins

Questions
1. Where can we find emperor penguins?
A. Australia
B. South Africa
C. Antarctica
D. New Zealand

2. The emperor penguin is the world's ______ penguin species.

3. In which season do emperor penguins breed?

4. Male emperor penguins hold their eggs against their ______.

A. blubber
B. brood patch
C. stomach
D. feathers

5. Emperor penguins are the largest penguins.

A. true
B. false

6. Emperor penguins have lots of ______ under their skin to keep them warm.

7. In paragraph 1, the word "inhospitable" means:

A. agreeable
B. livable
C. harsh
D. pleasant

8. What do Emperor penguins eat?

A. fish, squid, and crustaceans
B. smaller penguins
C. snow and ice
D. plants and insects

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Herbert Hoover
By Meg Leonard

Herbert Hoover was the thirty-first president. He was born in Iowa in 1874.
He grew up in Oregon. He became a mining engineer. Hoover married Lou
Henry after college. He and his wife moved to London. When World War I
started, Hoover was asked to help. He helped stranded tourists get back home
from London. Hoover was given other jobs in the government. Three
presidents gave him jobs before he became president. Hoover was a
humanitarian. This is a person who looks out for the well-being of other people.
Hoover was nominated for president in 1928. He won. Seven months after he
was sworn in, the stock market crashed. This was the start of the Great
Depression. Many people blamed Hoover for the Depression. He had a plan to
help people out. He told Congress his plan. They did not accept his plan.
Hoover was not elected to a second term. Two other presidents gave him jobs
after his term in office. Hoover wrote many articles and books during his life.
He died in 1964. He was ninety years old.

Herbert Hoover

Questions
1. Who was Herbert Hoover?
A. the twenty-seventh president
B. the thirtieth president
C. the thirty-first president
D. the twenty-ninth president

2. What was Hoover's job before he began working for the government?
A. minister
B. engineer
C. lawyer
D. teacher

3. Where did the Hoovers live when World War I began?

A. Washington, D.C.
B. Oregon
C. Iowa
D. London

4. Which event began during Hoover's presidency?

A. World War I
B. World War II
C. Korean War
D. Great Depression

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The Northern Lights

By Mary Lynn Bushong

Long, long ago the northern sky was dark. Only the stars and moon
shone at night.

One winter, food was hard to find. It was a starving time for the
people of the North. The great caribou herds hid themselves. The seals
could not be found.

One old couple saw their sons and their grandchildren getting
hungrier. Their cheeks became thin. They stopped laughing and
singing.

The old couple made up their minds. They would go out on the ice. It would mean that more food would be
saved for the others.

They took lamps to guide them. The narrow paths to the heavens were dangerous. They would need all the
help they could get to find their way.

The old couple journeyed for a long time on the spirit paths. They followed the great dome of the sky that
arched over the earth.

Their lamps were not very bright, and a few times they nearly fell off the path.

"If we ever find our way," said the old man, "I will get torches to light the way for others to follow."

"If our lamps were brighter, we could help lead other spirits now," said the old woman.

Finally, the old couple reached the hole in the top of the sky shell and passed through it. They were greeted by
the sky people who were happy to see them. They were proud of what the old people had done to help their
family.

The old couple remembered their family. They remembered their ideas about using torches to help light the
way. They spoke to the sky people about their ideas.

The sky people agreed that it was a good idea. After that, they sent spirits with torches to show the way to
heaven. Now when people see the light of the aurora borealis, some say it is the light of the torches.

Sometimes when the air is still, you can hear a whistling or crackling sound from the lights. Some people say
that it is the sky people trying to talk to people on earth. If you choose to answer, do not shout. The sky people
should be addressed in a whisper.

The next time you see northern lights, you can decide for yourself what they are. Are they a natural
phenomenon caused by solar wind, or are they spirit guides leading spirits toward heaven?

edhelper.com )RXUWK*UDGH5HDGLQJ&RPSUHKHQVLRQDQG0DWK
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The Northern Lights

Questions
1. This story is about:
A. the paths to the heavens
B. the northern lights
C. two old people
D. sky people

2. Why did the two old people leave their family?

3. What two animals did the people depend on for food?

A. polar bears and arctic wolves
B. lemmings and ptarmigans
C. seals and caribou
D. whales and fish

4. What did the old people take to light their path?

A. torches
B. flashlights
C. lamps
D. glow sticks

5. The northern lights are caused by the solar wind.

A. true
B. false

6. The sky people were not happy to see the old couple.
A. true
B. false

7. Sometimes the northern lights make crackling sounds.

A. true
B. false

8. In the story, the sky people sent spirits with torches to light the paths to the heavens.
A. true
B. false

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