Reviewer in Sts

STS
Biodiversity, GMOs and the Healthy Society
 Biodiversity and the Healthy Society
 Genetically Modified Organisms: Science, Health, and Politics
 The Philippines ranked 96th in this index, trailing behind other Southeast Asian
countries like Vietnam, Thailand, and Malaysia and marginally above Indonesia
(101), Cambodia (117), and Myanmar (112)
 Stunting causes irreversible physical and mental damage to children.
 Biodiversity is all the different kinds of life you'll find in one area—the variety of
animals, plants, fungi, and even microorganisms like bacteria that make up our
natural world.
 Five (5) ways food biodiversity contributes to healthier diets
1. It provides a wide range of nutritious, colorful options to choose from that

meet diverse cultural and taste references.
2. It takes advantage of important and significant nutritional differences
between species.
3. It takes advantages of important and significant nutritional differences
within species.
4. It provides the ingredients for a portfolio of nutritious foods in different
seasons of the year including small animals and diverse fruits and
vegetables to improve diets.
5. Healthy food needs to be: available in sufficient quantities year-round.
Agroecological Practices
 Permaculture an agricultural philosophy that allows us to use the resources that

we have around us to their fullest potential
 A forest gardening is a garden modelled on a natural woodland.
 Multiple cropping, defined as harvesting more than once a year, is a widespread
land management strategy in tropical and subtropical agriculture.
 Agroforestry is defined as ‘agriculture with trees’ .
 Agroforestry is the interaction of agriculture and trees, including the agricultural
use of trees. This comprises trees on farms and in agricultural landscapes,
farming in forests and along forest margins and tree-crop production, including
cocoa, coffee, rubber and oil palm.
 Natural Farming is a chemical-free alias traditional farming method. It is
considered as agroecology based diversified farming system which integrates
crops, trees and livestock with functional biodiversity.
 Genetically modified (GM) foods are foods derived from organisms whose
genetic material (DNA) has been modified in a way that does not occur naturally,
e.g. through the introduction of a gene from a different organism.
 Declaration of Helsinki aims to promote and safeguard the health of patients,
including those who are involved in medical research, to keep in mind that the
well-being of the individual research subject must take precedence over all other
interests.
 Belmont Report
-The primary rule regulating human subject's research
- Three basic principles, among those generally accepted in our cultural tradition,
are particularly relevant to the ethics of research involving human subjects: the
principles of respect of persons, beneficence and justice
 European Ethical Considerations for Research in Pediatrics The need to
respect the will of the child and to obtain his/her assent, taking into account
his/her degree of maturity”.
 Cartagena Protocol Developed by the United Nations based on concerns
initially expressed in the 1970s that recombinant DNA technology presented
unusual risks to man and the environment.
 GREEN PEACE Anti-GMO political organization
 Golden Rice is a new type of rice that contains beta carotene (provitamin A, a
plant pigment that the body converts into vitamin A as needed).
 Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been extensively used as major agent for the
production of transgenic plants in a wide variety of plant species.
-bacterium is most commonly used in genetically modified plants.
Advantages of GMO
 More nutritious food
 Tastier food
 Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources

(such as water and fertilizer)
 Less use of pesticides
 Increased supply of food with reduced cost and longer shelf life
 Faster growing plants and animals

 Food with more desirable traits, such as potatoes that produce less of a cancer-
causing substance when fried
 Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other medicines
Disadvantages of GMO
 GM crops disrupt the natural process of gene flow because the “better” traits

produced from engineering genes can result in the favoring of one organism.
 Cost of cultivation is increased
 It endangers farmers and trade along with the environment.
 It is more inclined towards marketization of farming that works on immoral profits.
 Genetically Modified crops being altered biologically may pose a human health
risk.
 The excessive production of GM foods will be rendered ineffective over time

because the pests that these toxins used to deter eventually might develop
resistance towards them.

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STS

Biodiversity, GMOs and the Healthy Society

 Biodiversity and the Healthy Society

 Genetically Modified Organisms: Science, Health, and Politics

 Stunting causes irreversible physical and mental damage to children.

 Five (5) ways food biodiversity contributes to healthier diets

1. It provides a wide range of nutritious, colorful options to choose from that

 Permaculture an agricultural philosophy that allows us to use the resources that

 More nutritious food

 Disease- and drought-resistant plants that require fewer environmental resources

 Less use of pesticides

 Faster growing plants and animals

 Medicinal foods that could be used as vaccines or other medicines

 GM crops disrupt the natural process of gene flow because the “better” traits

 Cost of cultivation is increased

 It endangers farmers and trade along with the environment.

 It is more inclined towards marketization of farming that works on immoral profits.

 The excessive production of GM foods will be rendered ineffective over time

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