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Physics Project File Akash Chandela

This document provides an index and overview of topics related to total internal reflection through a semi-circular glass block. It includes sections on certificate, acknowledgment, introduction to total internal reflection and critical angle, how total internal reflection occurs through the glass block, conditions for total internal reflection, calculating the critical angle, and recording observations and results of an experiment on total internal reflection.

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Vaibhav Pareta
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
89 views19 pages

Physics Project File Akash Chandela

This document provides an index and overview of topics related to total internal reflection through a semi-circular glass block. It includes sections on certificate, acknowledgment, introduction to total internal reflection and critical angle, how total internal reflection occurs through the glass block, conditions for total internal reflection, calculating the critical angle, and recording observations and results of an experiment on total internal reflection.

Uploaded by

Vaibhav Pareta
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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INDEX

Sr. No.
Topic Page No.

1 Certificate 1

2 Acknowledgment 2

3 Introduction 3

4 Total Internal Reflection 4

5 TIR through Semi-Circular Glass Block 8

6 Condition for TIR & Critical Angle 14

7 Calculating Critical Angle 15

8 Critical Angle of different material 16

9 Observation, Calculation And Result 17

10 Bibliography 18
CERTIFICATE
It is hereby to certify that, the original and genuine
investigation work has been carried out to investigate about
the subject matter and the related data collection and
investigation has been completed solely, sincerely and
satisfactorily by Manish Tanwar of Class XII Science,
Ambuja Public School (Rabriyawas), regarding his project
titled "Total Internal Reflection in a Semi-Circular Glass
Block"

d u d u

Ms. IpsitaChoudhury Mr. Gajendra Vasistha


Principal PRINCIPAL PGT Physics
4LMBUJA PUBLIC SCNOOL
RABRIYAWAS TEH. JAITARAN
Distt. PAI -306709

1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am equally grateful to my teacher Mr.Gajendra Vasistha.


She gave me moral support and guided me in different
matters regarding the topic. he had been very kind and
patient while suggesting me the outlines of this project
and correcting my doubts. I thank her for her overall
support.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my parents


who helped me a lot in gathering different information,
collecting data and guiding me from time to time in
making this project. Despite their busy schedules, they
gave me different ideas in making this project unique.

Thank you

MANISH TANWAR
Class XII Science
Roll No.: 11677255
2
INTRODUCTION
Whenever a ray of incident light travels from one medium to another, its
path is changed i.e. it gets refracted.

If the ray travels from denser medium to rarer medium, it suffers


deviation away from the normal at the point of incidence. As the angle
of incidence is increased, the angle of refraction also keeps on
increasing. At a certain angle of incidence, called the critical angle, the
refracted ray grazes along the surface of separation i.e. angle of
refraction becomes just go. If the angle of incidence is further increased,
no refraction takes place. Instead such a ray gets reflection inside the
medium itself. This phenomenon is called total internal reflection.

Refractioon

The phenomenon of bending of light when it come from one medium to


another medium is called refraction.

Reflection

The phenomenon in which a ray comes from one medium and bending
of that ray in same medium i.e. Total Internal Reflection takes place
called reflection.
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Total internal reflection is the phenomenon of reflection of light


which occurs when a ray of light traveling in a denser medium
is incident at the interfere of the two media at an angle greater
than the critical angle for that pair of media.

Considera surface xy separates the rarer medium from the


denser medium b. A ray of light OA from the object O in
denser medium incident normally on the surface of separation,
gets refracted into the rarer medium as such along AL. Another
ray of light incident along the oblique path OA, is refracted
away from normal along the path A1Bi in rarer medium. As the
angle of incidence is increased, the angle of refraction also
goes on increasing, till for a certain angle of incidence C, called
the critical angle. When angle of incidence is greater than
critical angle then total internal reflection takes place.

4
0
59
As the angle of incidence increases, 20 60

the angle of refraction increases


light source

At a certain angle Refracted ray follows a path exactly


along the surface of the dense medium

159

-critical angle

light source

When the angle of refraction is at 90° the incident


angle is called the "critical angle"

6
I f the incident ray is increased beyond the critical

angle, the light is no longer refracted


Instead, it is reflected back inside the medium
This is called "total internal reflection"
When incident angle is greater than the critical
angle(i>C)., there is no refracted rays, all emergent rays
are internally refracted


27
42 159
Critical Angle
90 air n= 1.00

20 waler n=1.33
60° 60
0

0
critical angle = 48.8

light source
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION
THROUGH
SEMI-CIRCULAR GLASS BLOCK

TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

SEN CIRCUEAR CU

A light ray hits the inside face of a


semicircular block.

8
A Light ray hits the inside face of a semi
circular glass block as follows.

refracted ray

air
glass

incident ray reflected ray

refracted ray
air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

refracted ray
air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

air

glass

incident ray reflected ray


At a small angle of incidence:
Incident ray splits into refracted and reflected

Angle of refraction<90
Angle of reflection - angle of incidence

refracted ray
air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

10
As the angle of incidence increases, the

angle of refraction increases until...

refracted ray
air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

11
Angle of refraction is at 90, parallel to the
surface of the medium

At this point the angle of incidence =critical

angle (C)

Angle of incidence - C when angle of

refraction - 90°

refracted ray
air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

12
As the angle of incidence increase beyond the
critical angle (>C). there is no more refracted

ray

All emergent rays are totally reflected inside

the medium - Total Internal Reflection (TIR)

air

glass

incident ray reflected ray

13
CONDITIONS FOR TIR & CRITICAL ANGLE

Light is traveling slower in the first medium than in the

secondmedium (vV2)

Thus light is moving from medium of higher refractive


index to one of lower refractive index (n1>n2)

Critical angle (C) is defined when the angle of


refraction is 90 to the normal (62-90°)

TIR occurs when angle of incidence is larger than the


critical angle (01>C)

air
IR62 refracted ray
glass

incident ray reflected ray

14
CALCULATING CRITICAL ANGLE

Snell's Law. n,sine, n2sin02


-

Critical angle C-01 thus solve for 61

At the critical angle, the refracted ray is a 90°- 02


nsine , = n>sin90 (sin90= 1)

nsine1 = n2 (1)

nsine1 =n2

Rearrange equation to get.


Sine = nz/ n1

.C =sin1(n2/n,).

Ifmedium 2 - air, then n2 =l

0 sin(1/n1)
C sin(1/n,) refracted ray
air
glass

incident ray reflected ray

15
(D

N
OBSERVATION

Critical Angle:

CALCULATION
Sin(C) = 1/n1

RESULT
The Refractive index of Semi-circular glass
block is
The Critical Angle is

17
TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION

Occurs when light reflects off of the inside wall of a


denser medium (higher index of refraction)

When light passes from a dense material into a less


dense medium; light reflects away from the normal
noma

alr

glass

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