PC Reviewer Q1

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 4

WEEK 1: CONIC SECTIONS AND CIRCLE STANDARD EQUATION OF A PARABOLA WITH VERTEX AT

CONIC SECTION a figure formed by the intersection of a THE ORIGIN


plane and a right circular cone.

NON DEGENERATE CONIC if the plane does not pass through


the apex.

DEGENERATE CONIC if the plane passes through the apex


PARTS OF A CONIC SECTIONS
● Apex
○ the tips of the cones intersect at a point.
● Napes
○ the surface of the cones.
● Generators
○ Lines that lie on the surface of the cones.

TYPES OF CONIC SECTIONS


1. CIRCLE if the plane is parallel to the base of the cone.
2. ELLIPSE set of all points in a plane such that the sum
of the distances of each point from 2 fic points is
constant.
3. PARABOLA if the plane is parallel to exactly one
generator. (fixed point & fixed line)
4. HYPERBOLA set of all points in a plane such that the
STANDARD EQUATION OF A PARABOLA WITH VERTEX AT
difference of the distances of each point from 2 fic
(h,k)
points is constant.

A circle consists of all points that are equidistant from a fixed


point called the center. The constant distance is called radius.

STANDARD EQUATION OF A CIRCLE CENTERED AT (0,0)

X2 + y2 = r2

STANDARD EQUATION OF A CIRCLE CENTERED AT (h,k)

(x-h)2 + (y-k)2 = r2

WEEK 2: PARABOLA
PARABOLA is the locus of points (x, y) in a plane that are
equidistant from a fixed point called the focus and a fixed line
called the directrix (not on the line).
PARTS OF THE PARABOLA
● FOCUS a point which is used to determine or define
the parabola. (represented by F).
● DIRECTRIX a line perpendicular to axis of symmetry.
(represented by D)
● VERTEX (V) midpoint of the perpendicular segment
from the focus to the directrix.
● AXIS OF SYMMETRY the line that passes through the
vertex and the focus.
● LATUS RECTUM a line passing through the focus,
perpendicular to the axis of symmetry, and it has two
endpoints whose length is 4c.
WEEK 3: ELLIPSE STANDARD EQUATION OF AN ELLIPSE CENTERED AT (h,k)

ELLIPSE set of all points in a plane such that the sum of the
distances of each point from 2 fic points is constant.
PARTS OF AN ELLIPSE AND HYPERBOLA
● FOCI Fixed points.
● CENTER the intersection of the major axis and the
minor axis.
● MAJOR AXIS (transverse axis) the line joining the
vertices and the foci and has a length of 2a.
● MINOR AXIS (conjugate axis) the line segment
which is perpendicular bisector of major axis and has
length of 2b.
● AXIS OF SYMMETRY the line that passes through both
foci and meets at two points called vertices.
● DIRECTRIX a line such that the ratio of distance of
the points on the conic section from the focus to its
distance from the directrix is constant.
● LATUS RECTUM a chord passes through the focus
and is perpendicular to the major axis and has both
endpoints on the curve.
WEEK 4: HYPERBOLA
● LENGTH OF LATUS RECTUM twice the square of the HYPERBOLA sets all points in a plane such that the differences

minor axis divided by the length of the major axis of the distances of each point from 2 fic points is constant.
2
(2b / a) PARTS OF AN ELLIPSE AND HYPERBOLA
● FOCI Fixed points.
STANDARD EQUATION OF AN ELLIPSE WITH CENTER AT
● CENTER the point where the two asymptotes
THE ORIGIN
intersect.
● VERTICES The points of the hyperbola with the
transverse axis.
● TRANSVERSE AXIS Line segment joining the vertices
and has length of 2a
● CONJUGATE AXIS Line segment which is
perpendicular bisector of the transverse axis and has
length of 2b
● FOCAL LENGTH The line segment joining the foci and
has length of 2c
● ASYMPTOTES The line that passes through the
center of the hyperbola is asymptotic.
● LENGTH OF LATUS RECTUM twice the square of the
minor axis divided by the length of the major axis
(2b2 / a)
STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA WITH CENTER AT WEEK 5: RECOGNIZING EQUATION AND
THE ORIGIN CHARACTERISTICS OF BASIC CONIC SECTIONS
CIRCLE when x and y are both squared.
6x2 - 18x + 6y2 = 12
ELLIPSE when either x or y is squared but not both.
y = x2 + 5 and x = 2y2 - 8y + 13
PARABOLA when x and y are both squared, and the
coefficients are positive but different.
2x2 - 6x + 5y2 + 15 y = 0
HYPERBOLA when x and y are both squared, and exactly one
of the coefficients is negative and exactly one of the
coefficients is positive.
-3x2 + 6y + 3x2 = 12

WEEK 6: SITUATIONAL PROBLEMS INVOLVING


CONIC SECTIONS
When working with problems on conic sections, the following
strategies are of great help.
1. Always draw pictures first. This will help you visualize
the situation.
STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA CENTERED AT 2. Take note of the important features of the diagram.
(h,k) This way you can identify the type of conic section
involved.
3. Know the four conic sections and their equations. The
standard form is more useful than the general form of
the equation in this case.

WEEK 7: SEQUENCE AND SERIES


SEQUENCE an ordered list or set of positive integers that often
follow a specific pattern or function. The numbers in a
sequence are called terms.

SERIES the sums of the terms of a sequence.

ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE is a sequence in which each term


after the first is obtained by adding a constant (called the
common difference) to the preceding term.

If the nth term of an arithmetic sequence is an and the


common difference is d, then:

an = a1 + (n - 1 ) d
The associated arithmetic series with n terms is given by

In finding the common difference d of an arithmetic sequence,


just subtract the preceding term from the next term,
e.g. (a2 – a1), (a3 – a2) and so on.
WEEK 8: SIGMA NOTATION
GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE is a sequence in which each term SIGMA NOTATION a method used to write out a long sum in a
after the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by
concise way. Sigma Notation is a shorthand for writing sums
a constant (called the common ratio).
denoted by the Greek letter Σ (sigma).
If the nth term of a geometric sequence is an and the common
ratio is r, then:
STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA WITH CENTER AT
an = a1 rn-1 THE ORIGIN
The associated geometric series with n terms is given by Has the y-axis as its axis of symmetry

X2 = 4py
Has the x-axis as its axis of symmetry

y2 = 4px
In finding the common ratio r of a geometric sequence, just
divide the preceding term from the next term,
STANDARD EQUATION OF A HYPERBOLA CENTERED AT

e.g. (a2 ÷ a1), (a3 ÷ a2) and so on. (h,k)

FIBONACCI SEQUENCE is a sequence in which each number


corresponds to the sum of the two numbers that precede it.
E.g

You might also like