Lesson Plan in Mathematics
I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
a.define polynomial.
b.identify kinds of polynomials according to the number of terms and according to its degree.
c.state the importance of the concept of polynomial in real-life application.
II. SUBJECT MATTER:
Introductory Lesson: Polynomial
A. Science Process
Observing, Discussing, and Explaining
B. Materials
Laptop, Pictures, video, and manila paper
Reference: Department of Education,(2014).Mathematics Learners’ Material 7. FEPPrinting
Corporation.Oronce A. O and Mendoza O. M,(2007).E-math.Rex Bookstore, Inc.
III. PROCEDURE
A. Preparatory Activities
1. Prayer
2. Greetings
3. Energized- chicken dance
4. Attendance
5. Classroom Management
B. Motivation
Cross words Puzzle
Okay, class, let's start with an activity before moving on to our next lesson. I'll divide you up into
five groups and we will play cross words puzzles. I've got some box of letters. You will need to
find the words.
Quadratic Coefficient
Cubic Variable
Quartic Exponent
Biqadratic Sum
Polynomial
B A Q U A R T I C Q
V I D I S M Z H O W
A L Q C U B I C P E
R M F A M Q X J A R
I M G O D W C K S T
A NB H P U R V L D Y
B V J A Y E B M F U
L X K S T R N T G I
E X P O N E N T I O
Q U A D R A T I C C
P O L Y N O M I A L
B. Presentation
a. Discussion
A polynomial function is a function that involves only non-negative integer powers or only positive
integer exponents of a variable in an equation like the quadratic equation, cubic equation, etc. For
example, 2x+5 is a polynomial that has exponent equal to 1.
Study Mathematics at BYJU’S in a simpler and exciting way here.
A polynomial function, in general, is also stated as a polynomial or polynomial expression, defined
by its degree. The degree of any polynomial is the highest power present in it. In this article, you will
learn polynomial function along with its expression and graphical representation of zero degrees,
one degree, two degrees and higher degree polynomials.
Table of Contents:
Definition
Examples
Types
Graphs
Questions
Polynomial Function Definition
A polynomial function is a function that can be expressed in the form of a polynomial. The definition
can be derived from the definition of a polynomial equation. A polynomial is generally represented as
P(x). The highest power of the variable of P(x) is known as its degree. Degree of a polynomial
function is very important as it tells us about the behaviour of the function P(x) when x becomes very
large. The domain of a polynomial function is entire real numbers (R).
If P(x) = an xn + an-1 xn-1+.……….…+a2 x2 + a1 x + a0, then for x ≫ 0 or x ≪ 0, P(x) ≈ an xn. Thus,
polynomial functions approach power functions for very large values of their variables.
Polynomial Function Examples
A polynomial function has only positive integers as exponents. We can even perform different types
of arithmetic operations for such functions like addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.
Some of the examples of polynomial functions are here:
x2+2x+1
3x-7
7x3+x2-2
All three expressions above are polynomial since all of the variables have positive integer
exponents. But expressions like;
5x-1+1
4x1/2+3x+1
(9x +1) ÷ (x)
are not polynomials, we cannot consider negative integer exponents or fraction exponent or division
here.
Also, see:
Polynomial Formula
Multiplying Polynomials
Polynomial Class 10 Notes
Polynomial Class 9 Notes
Types of Polynomial Functions
There are various types of polynomial functions based on the degree of the polynomial. The most
common types are:
Constant Polynomial Function: P(x) = a = ax0
Zero Polynomial Function: P(x) = 0; where all ai’s are zero, i = 0, 1, 2, 3, …, n.
Linear Polynomial Function: P(x) = ax + b
Quadratic Polynomial Function: P(x) = ax2+bx+c
Cubic Polynomial Function: ax3+bx2+cx+d
Quartic Polynomial Function: ax4+bx3+cx2+dx+e
The details of these polynomial functions along with their graphs are explained below.
Graphs of Polynomial Functions
The graph of P(x) depends upon its degree. A polynomial having one variable which has the largest
exponent is called a degree of the polynomial.
Let us look at P(x) with different degrees.
Constant Polynomial Function
Degree 0 (Constant Functions)
Standard form: P(x) = a = a.x0, where a is a constant.
Graph: A horizontal line indicates that the output of the function is constant. It doesn’t
depend on the input.
E.g. y = 4, (see Figure 1)
Figure 1: Graph of Zero Polynomial Function
Figure 1: y = 4
Zero Polynomial Function
A constant polynomial function whose value is zero. In other words, zero polynomial function maps
every real number to zero, f: R → {0} defined by f(x) = 0 ∀ x ∈ R. For example, let f be an additive
inverse function, that is, f(x) = x + ( – x) is zero polynomial function.
Linear Polynomial Functions
Degree 1, Linear Functions
Standard form: P(x) = ax + b, where a and b are constants. It forms a straight line.
Graph: Linear functions have one dependent variable and one independent which are x and
y, respectively.
In the standard formula for degree 1, a represents the slope of a line, the constant b represents the
y-intercept of a line.
E.g., y = 2x+3(see Figure 2)
here a = 2 and b = 3
Figure 2: Graph of Linear Polynomial Functions
Figure 2: y = 2x + 3
Note: All constant functions are linear functions.
Quadratic Polynomial Functions
Degree 2, Quadratic Functions
Standard form: P(x) = ax2+bx+c , where a, b and c are constant.
Graph: A parabola is a curve with one extreme point called the vertex. A parabola is a
mirror-symmetric curve where any point is at an equal distance from a fixed point known as
Focus.
In the standard form, the constant ‘a’ represents the wideness of the parabola. As ‘a’ decreases, the
wideness of the parabola increases. This can be visualized by considering the boundary case when
a=0, the parabola becomes a straight line. The constant c represents the y-intercept of the parabola.
The vertex of the parabola is given by
(h,k) = (-b/2a, -D/4a)
where D is the discriminant and is equal to (b2-4ac).
Note: Whether the parabola is facing upwards or downwards, depends on the nature of a.
If a > 0, the parabola faces upward.
If a < 0, the parabola faces downwards.
E.g. y = x2+2x-3 (shown in black color)
y = -x2-2x+3 (shown in blue color)
(See Figure 3)
Figure 3: Quadratic Polynomial Functions
Figure 3: y = x +2x-3 (black) and y = x2-2x+3 (blue)
2
Graphs of Higher Degree Polynomial Functions
Standard form– P(x) = an xn + an-1 xn-1+.……….…+ a0, where a0,a1,………,an are all constants.
Graph: Depends on the degree, if P(x) has degree n, then any straight line can intersect it at
a maximum of n points. The constant term in the polynomial expression, i.e. a0 here
represents the y-intercept.
E.g. y = x4-2x2+x-2, any straight line can intersect it at a maximum of 4 points (see fig. 4)
b. Video Viewing
I will play some video that is connected to our topic
https://youtu.be/vaQCfB1UIJg
C. Generalization
A polynomial function is a function that involves only non-negative integer powers or only
positive integer exponents of a variable in an equation like the quadratic equation, cubic
equation, etc. For example, 2x+5 is a polynomial that has exponent equal to 1.
D. Application
What is Polynomial function?
IV. Evaluation
Choose the correct answer.
1. The function f(x)=2x6-3x4+2x-10 could...
a. have 6 real zeros.
b. have 6 turns.
c. have 4 real zeros and 3 imaginary zeros.
d. have ends that point in opposite directions.
2. f(x)=(x+4)(x-3)(x-2)
List the zeros for this function.
a. x=-4, x=3, x=-2
b. x=-4, x=3, x=2
c. x=-4, x=3, x=2
d. x=4, x=3, x=2
3. Find all zeros for the polynomial function P(x) = x3 -3x2-5x+15
a. 3, √5
b. 3, √5, -√5
c. -3, √5, -√5
d. -3, 5i, -5i
4. Find all zeros of the polynomial function P(x) = x3+6x2+9x+54
a. 6, 3, -3
b. -6, 3, -3
c. -6, 3i, -3i
d. 6, 3i, -3i
5. Find all zeros for the polynomial function P(x)= x3-3x2+12x-10
a.1, 1-3i, 1+3i
b. 1, 1+3i, -1-3i
c. -1, -1+3i, -1-3i
d. -1, -5, 2
V Assignment
Open your book on page 204 and answer the activity 1 and 2.
