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G9 - Sci Experiment T3

This document outlines an experiment to observe factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. Students will investigate how surface area and temperature impact the rate at which vitamin C tablets dissolve in water. They will measure the dissolution time for an intact tablet versus a powdered tablet to test the effect of surface area. Testing dissolution in hot versus cold water allows students to observe how an increase in temperature speeds up the reaction rate. The aim is for students to see firsthand how these factors influence the rate at which reactants are consumed in a chemical reaction.

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Donna Cilia Napitupulu
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55 views2 pages

G9 - Sci Experiment T3

This document outlines an experiment to observe factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions. Students will investigate how surface area and temperature impact the rate at which vitamin C tablets dissolve in water. They will measure the dissolution time for an intact tablet versus a powdered tablet to test the effect of surface area. Testing dissolution in hot versus cold water allows students to observe how an increase in temperature speeds up the reaction rate. The aim is for students to see firsthand how these factors influence the rate at which reactants are consumed in a chemical reaction.

Uploaded by

Donna Cilia Napitupulu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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TERUNA MUDA JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

GRADE 9-GENERAL SCIENCE/EXPERIMENT/TERM-3/2022-2023


Unit 8. Rates of reaction
HAND OUT
Teacher: Ms. Donna

“Factors Affecting Rate of Reaction”

A. Aims
To observe the factors that affect the rates of chemical reaction.

B. Theory
The rates at which reactants are consumed and products are formed during chemical reactions vary
greatly. In general, a factor that increases the number of collisions between particles will increase the
reaction rate and a factor that decreases the number of collisions between particles will decrease the
chemical reaction rate.

Concentration of Reactants
A higher concentration of reactants leads to more effective collisions per unit time, which leads to an
increased reaction rate (except for zero-order reactions.) Similarly, a higher concentration of
products tends to be associated with a lower reaction rate. Use the partial pressure of reactants in a
gaseous state as a measure of their concentration.

Temperature
Usually, an increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the reaction rate. Temperature
is a measure of the kinetic energy of a system, so higher temperature implies higher average kinetic
energy of molecules and more collisions per unit time.
A general rule for most (not all) chemical reactions is that the rate at which the reaction proceeds will
approximately double for each 10-degree Celsius increase in temperature. Once the temperature
reaches a certain point, some of the chemical species may be altered (e.g., denaturing of proteins)
and the chemical reaction will slow or stop.

Medium or State of Matter


The rate of a chemical reaction depends on the medium in which the reaction occurs. It may make a
difference whether a medium is aqueous or organic; polar or nonpolar; or liquid, solid, or gaseous.
Reactions involving liquids and especially solids depend on the available surface area. For solids, the
shape and size of the reactants make a big difference in the reaction rate.

Presence of Catalysts and Competitors


Catalysts (e.g., enzymes) lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction and increase the rate of
a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. Catalysts work by increasing the
frequency of collisions between reactants, altering the orientation of reactants so that more collisions
are effective, reducing intramolecular bonding within reactant molecules, or donating electron density
to the reactants. The presence of a catalyst helps a reaction proceed more quickly to equilibrium.

Pressure
Increasing the pressure of a reaction improves the likelihood reactants will interact with each other,
thus increasing the rate of the reaction. As you would expect, this factor is important for reactions
involving gases, and not a significant factor with liquids and solids.

Mixing
Mixing reactants increases their ability to interact, thus increasing the rate of a chemical reaction.

1
C. Apparatus and Materials
 Clear Glasses (4 pcs)
 Tablets of vitamin C (redoxon) 4 tablets
 Water (hot & cold temperature) @200 mL

D. Procedures and Observation


Experiment 1. Surface Area
1. Take 2 clear glasses
2. Take 2 tablets of vitamin C
3. One whole tablet, pulverize one vitamin C (become powder)
4. Put the water in the both glasses (normal temperature only), make them same volume
5. Set up your stopwatch.
6. Put the whole tablet of vitamin C into the first water, start the stopwatch and wait until vitamin C
dissolves completely.
7. Record your time.
8. Put the powder of vitamin C into the second water, start the stopwatch and wait until vitamin C
dissolves completely
9. Record your time.
10. Observe the experiment.

Experiment 2. Temperature
1. Take 2 clear glasses
2. Take 2 tablets of Vitamin C
3. Hot and Cold water
4. Put the cold water into first glass
5. Put the hot water into second glass
6. Prepare your stopwatch.
7. Put one tablet of vitamin C into cold water, start your stopwatch and record your time until the
vitamin C dissolve completely.
8. Put one tablet of vitamin C into hot water, start your stopwatch and record your time until the
vitamin C dissolve completely.
9. Observe the experiment.

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