NAME:…………………………..……………………………………….CLASS:…..……..

………………

THIRD TERM: E-LEARNING NOTES

JS 3 (BASIC 9)

SUBJECT: BASIC TECHNOLOGY

SCHEME OF WORK

WEEK TOPIC

1. MAINTENANCE:

(a) Periodic Maintenance

 Definition of Periodic Maintenance

 Need for Period Maintenance
 Types of Maintenance
 Planning short, medium and long term maintenance
 Reason for choosing preventive, corrective and predictive
maintenance
 Simple Maintenance methods: cleaning, dusting washing, oiling,
adjusting selected parts.
 Keeping of maintenance records.
2. (b) Fault Detection
i. Need for application of fault detection Technique.
ii. Types of objects that require fault detection process
iii. Understanding operational processes.

3-5 Intensive revision of JS 1-3 work.

6. Mock Examination

7-12. Final revision and BECE (JSCE)

BASIC TEXTBOOKS

A. NERDC BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR JSS STUDENTS, BK3

B. NEW BASIC TECHNOLOGY FOR JSS 1,2,3. (UBE EDITION): BY P.O.OLAWEHINMI

WEEK ONE

TOPIC: MAINTENANCE
CONTENT:

(a) Definition of Periodic Maintenance

(b) Planning short, medium and long term maintenance
(c) Need for periodic maintenance
(d) Simple maintenance methods
(e) Keeping Maintenance records.

Maintenance is the work carried out to keep or restore anequipment to an acceptable working
standard at a minimum cost. If anequipment is not properly taken care of, it breaks down.
Breakdown of equipment is very expensive and causes a lot of inconvenience and sometimes causes
loss of life. To avoid breakdown, an organization or individual should formulate an appropriate
maintenance policy or plan.

(a) DEFINITION OF PERIODIC MAINTENANCE:

It is a work undertaken from time to time in order to keep, restore or improve a facility to an
acceptable standard. It can also be defined as the combination of all technical and associated
administrative action carried out from time to time with the intention of retaining an item or
restoring it to a state in which it can perform optimally.

Periodic Maintenance is the type of maintenance which is being carried out on machines, equipment
and buildings at specified interval of time, whether they are in use or not.

(b) PLANNING SHORT, MEDIUM AND LONG-TERM MAINTENANCE:

Periodic Maintenance is usually planned or scheduled according to the defined time frames.
Periodic maintenance can be termed as:

a. Short term maintenance

b. Medium term maintenance
c. Long term maintenance
 Short term maintenance comprises of those maintenance that are frequently carried
out. For machines and vehicles which are continually used, these are carried out on daily
or weekly or at two weeks interval. The machine and equipment which require short
term maintenance are well laid out in the service manual. In motor vehicle maintenance,
activities such as checking the water level, oil level, tyre pressure etc are parts of short
term maintenance.
 Medium-term maintenance: this comprises those maintenance processes which are
not frequently carried out, but rather done at longer time interval. In motor vehicle
maintenance, activities, such as changing of oil, changing of spark plugs; changing of
fuel; changing of oil filter; as well as servicing of the engine are parts of medium term
maintenance.
 The Long-term maintenance: This comprises those maintenance which are rarely carried
out, yet are carried out at longer term interval. Fixing of new tyres to the vehicle; the
total overhauling of the engine; overall body work of the car are parts of long-term
maintenance schedule.
 (c) NEED FOR PERIODIC MAINTENANCE:

 To keep the machines or equipment in good working condition.

 To obtain maximum possible output from the equipment.
 To reduce the inconvenience of failure.
 To preserve the usefulness of these equipment.
 To maximize economic and financial turns in industries.
 To mitigate the effects of elements of weather: when building and other structures are
exposed to the elements of weather they depreciate over a time, so periodic maintenance
takes care of the negative effects of harsh weather condition on the equipment.

(d) TYPES OF MAINTENANCE

There are three broad (3) types of maintenance:

(a) Preventive Maintenance: This is a routine maintenance carried out at predetermined period
or intervals to reduce or prevent the possibility of breakdown of equipment. Prevention is
better than cure.
(b) Predictive Maintenance: This is a type of maintenance whereby devices in the equipment
trigger off danger signal predicting a fault. The danger signal could be in the form of red light
or sound. Such predictive signals are common in motor cars, aeroplanes, computers and
digital equipments.
(c) Corrective Maintenance: This is done to correct faults which have already been developed.
At this stage it will require replacement of damaged parts or procurement of a new
equipment. Corrective maintenance is expensive and time consuming.

REASONS FOR CHOOSING PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCE

 It prolongs the life span of the equipment

 It reduces the probability of failure and breakdown
 It ensures the safety of the users
 It maximizes the economic and financial returns in industries
 It always keeps the equipment in good working condition
 It reduces high cost of repair after breakdown

REASONS FOR CHOOSING PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE

 It alerts the users when the equipment is about to have problem. For instance shortage of
engine oil or fuel, weak battery or low voltage.
 It reduces the probability of failure or breakdown if the user goes for maintenance urgently.
 It ensures the safety of the user.
 It prolongs the life span of the equipment if urgent repair is carried out.

REASONS FOR NOT CHOOSING CORRECTIVE MAINTENANCE

 It is medicine after death

  It is costly and time consuming
 It does not maximize the economic and financial returns in industries.
 It does not reduce the probability of failure and breakdown.
 It does not prolong the life span of equipment.

(e) SIMPLE MAINTENANCE METHODS

The Simple Maintenance Methods include:

(i) Cleaning: This is the removal of dirts, with the use of clean cloth, the use of water with
soap.
(ii) Dusting: This is the removal of dust by the use of a small piece of cotton cloth called
duster or brush
(iii) Washing: This is the use of water and soaps. It may also involves the use of sponge or
brush to apply the soapy water on the object which is being washed.
(iv) Oiling: This is the application of oil to machine parts for the purpose of overcoming
friction. This is done by using oil brush to spread engine oil on the desired surfaces of the
machine, this process is called lubrication.
(v) Greasing : This is the application of grease to maintain machine parts for the purpose of
overcoming friction at the point of application.
(vi) Adjustment of selected parts
(vii) Changing of engine oil at least once in a month especially in motor cars.
(viii) Refilling of automatic transmission fluid, gear oil, axle oil, hydraulic oil, battery acid and
electrolyte.
(ix) Alignment and wheel balancing of tyres.

(f) MAINTENANCE RECORDS

These are the records of activities carried out on machines, vehicles and equipment which must be
kept, in order to assist in proper planning of future maintenance activities and also to exercise
economic control over the process of maintenance itself.

A typical maintenance record contains:

a. The name of the machine.

b. The date when the maintenance procedure was carried out.
c. The nature of the fault detected in the machine.
d. The processes that were carried out to rectify the fault identified.
e. Any useful recommendation for future maintenance of the machine.
f. The name of the officers who undertook the maintenance process.

EVALUATION

1. What is periodic maintenance?

2. Distinguish between short, medium and long term maintenance.
3. List all the information that a maintenance record is expected to contain.
4. Why is periodic maintenance necessary?
READING ASSIGNMENT

Read about fault detection techniques in your textbook: New Basic Technology for jss1,2,3 UBE
Edition pages 204-205.

WEEK: TWO

TOPIC: FAULT DETECTION TECHNIQUES

CONTENT:

i. Need for application of fault detection Technique.

ii. Types of objects that require fault detection process
iii. Understanding operational processes

FAULT DETECTION: This is a trouble shoot devise used in most digital equipment or vehicles to
detect faults and give signal to the user in order to avoid breakdown. The signal may be in the form
of red light or sound to alert the user. The signal is simply informing the user to go for maintenance
or repair.

(i) NEED FOR APPLICATION OF FAULT DETECTION TECHNIQUE:

Fault detection techniques are necessary so as to:

o Reduce operational failure risks.

o Improve the average reliability of the equipment.
o Reduce chances of accidents.
o Reduce the cost of maintaining the equipment or vehicles.
o Prolong the service life of the equipment.
(ii) OBJECTS THAT REQUIRE FAULT DETECTION TECHNIQUE:

The objects that require fault detection include: electric iron, electric kettle, electric cooker, gas
cooker, refrigerator, fan, motor cars, aeroplanes, train, medical equipment, laboratory equipment,
radio, electronic game gadget, torch light, clock, etc

(iii) UNDERSTANDING OPERATIONAL PROCESSESS

Fault clearing activity can be effectively done only when the operational process of an equipment is
well understood. The owner’s manual is a good source of information on the operational process of
an equipment.

For example the owner’s manual contains how to switch on an equipment , what type and size of
battery to use in operating it, which components are likely to fail, the environmental conditions
under which the equipment can be operated and so on. Keeping to all these guidelines helps to
prolong the life of the equipment.

EVALUATION

1a. Periodic Maintenance is maintenance carried out----------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

1b. Periodic Maintenance ensures the following:

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW:

Type of periodic maintenance Appliances suitable for these kind

1. Long term (a)
(b)

2. Short term (a)

(b)

3. Medium Term (a)Vehicles

(b)

3. Record keeping is needed in periodic maintenance because of these reasons except:

a. Production must not be interfered with.
b. Faults can be detected easily.
c. Scheduling depends on it.
d. It saves too frequent maintenance.
4. List two fault detection techniques
5. Why is it important to install fault detection mechanisms in our equipment/ machines?

WEEK: THREE – FIVE

TOPIC: INTENSIVE REVISION

WEEK: SIX: MOCK EXAMINATION (BECE or JSCE)

WEEK: SEVEN – TWELVE

TOPIC FINAL JSCE/BECE

STUDY THE PRACTICING QUESTIONS BELOW AND GET ACQUAINTED WITH MODEL NECO QUESTION
STRUCTURE.

WISHING YOU GOD’S BEST IN YOUR EXAMINATION IN JESUS’ NAME.