Experiment Name: Implementation of AND Gate

Objective
 To study the logic function of AND gate and become familiar with some of its application.

Description:
The AND gate is a basic digital logic gate that implements logical conjunction from mathematical logic –
AND gate behaves according to the truth table above. A HIGH output (1) results only if all the inputs to
the AND gate are HIGH (1).

Component :
1.74LS08 IC
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.

Description of the component:

1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the
most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from
a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the
need for soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to
connect a power source to the board.

3.7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs

Pin Diagram:
Solution of the Diagram:

1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The
negative side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 7408 (AND gate) chip onto the breadboard, being careful not to
bend the pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it crosses the middle of the board.
Make sure that the circle or notch is at the top of the circuit.
3.Provide power to the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground the chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input pins 1 and 2 to the inputs from the two switches.
6.Connect the output pin 3 to the LED.

Input & Output:

Experiment Name: Implementation of OR Gate

Objective
 To study the logic function of OR gate and become familiar with some of its application.

Description:
An OR gate is a digital logic gate that gives an output of 1 when any of its inputs are 1, otherwise 0. An
OR gate performs like two switches in parallel supplying a light, so that when either of the switches is
closed the light is on.

Component :
1.74LS32 IC
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.
Description of the component:

1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the
most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from
a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the
need for soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to
connect a power source to the board.

3.74LS32 (OR gate): IC 7432 is a logic gate IC which consist of four OR Gates. The OR gate performs
logical OR operation. The OR gates come in form of DIP package ICs. Each gate has three terminal two
inputs and one output.

Pin Diagram:

Solution of the Diagram:

1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The
negative side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 7432 (OR gate) chip onto the breadboard, being careful not to
bend the pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it crosses the middle of the board.
Make sure that the circle or notch is at the top of the circuit.
3.Provide power to the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground the chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input pins 1 and 2 to the inputs from the two switches.
6.Connect the output pin 3 to the LED.
Input & Output:

Experiment Name: Implementation of NOT Gate

Objective
 To study the logic function of NOT gate and become familiar with some of its application.

Description:
The NOT gate is an electronic circuit that produces an inverted version of the input at its output. It is
also known as an inverter. If the input variable is A, the inverted output is known as NOT A.

Component:
1.74LS04 IC
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.

Description of the component:

1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
3.7404 (NOT gate): 7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert
action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state.

Pin Diagram:

Input & Output:

Solution of the Diagram:

1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The
negative side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 7404 (NOT gate) chip onto the breadboard, being careful not to
bend the pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it crosses the middle of the board.
Make sure that the circle or notch is at the top of the circuit.
3.Provide power to the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground the chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input pins 1 to the inputs from the one switches.
6.Connect the output pin 2 to the LED.

Experiment Name: Implementation of NAND Gate

Objective:
Understanding how to construct any combinational logic function & to study the
realization of NAND gate.
Description of the experiment:
A two-input NAND gate is a digital combination logic circuit that performs the logical inverse of
an AND gate. While an AND gate outputs a logical 1 only if both inputs are logical 1, a NAND
gate outputs a logical 0 for this same combination of inputs.

Component:
1.74HC00 IC
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.

Description of the Components:

1. 5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
2. Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
3.74HC00(NAND gate): The 74HC00 is a 14 Pin Quad 2-Input NAND Gate IC. This device contains
four independent gates each of which performs the logic NAND function. NAND gates utilize advanced
silicon-gate CMOS technology to achieve operating speeds similar to LS-TTL gates with the low power
consumption of standard CMOS integrated circuits.

Pin Diagram:
Solution of the Diagram:

1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The
negative side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 74HC00 (NAND gate) chip onto the breadboard, being careful not
to bend the pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it crosses the middle of the
board. Make sure that the circle or notch is at the top of the circuit.
3.Provide power to the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground the chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input pins 1 and 2 to the inputs from the two switches.
6.Connect the output pin 3 to the LED.

Input & Output:

Experiment Name:
To implement a NOR gate.
Objective:

Understanding how to construct any combinational logic function & to study the realization of
NOR gate.

Description of The Experiment:

The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is "true" if both
inputs are "false". Otherwise, the output is "false”.

Required Component:
1.74LS02 IC
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.
Description of The Components:
1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
3.7402(NOR gate): 7402 IC is a device containing four independent gates each of which
performs the logic NOR function. 7402 package options include: plastic small outline, ceramic
chip carriers, flat packages, plastic and ceramic DIPs. The SN7402, SN74LS02 and SN74S02
are characterized for operation from 0°C to 70°C.

Pin Diagram:
Solution of The Diagram:
1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The negative
side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 7402 (NOR gate) chip onto the breadboard, being careful not to bend the
pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it crosses the middle of the board. Make sure that
the circle or notch is at the top of the circuit.
3.Provide power to the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground the chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input pins 1 and 2 to the inputs from the two switches.
6.Connect the output pin 2 to the LED.

Input & Output:

4.Experiment Name: Implementation of X-OR Gate.

Objective

 To study the logic function of exclusive OR (X-OR) gate and become familiar with some of its
application

Description

The Exclusive-OR gate or XOR gate is achieved by combining standard logic gates together. XOR gate is
used extensively in error detection circuits, computational logic comparators and arithmetic logic
circuits. The Exclusive OR gate gives an output only if its two inputs are dissimilar, namely if one of them
is high (one) and the other is low (zero).

Required Equipment and Description

  5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
 Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
 DIP Switch: DIP is short for Dual In-Line Package. A DIP switch is a set of electrical switches
packaged in a small box or housing. They are designed to be mounted on printed circuit boards
to provide a range of electrical inputs to an electronic device based on the position of the
individual switches.
 7404 (Inverter): 7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert
action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state.
 7432 (OR gate): IC 7432 is a logic gate IC which consist of four OR Gates. The OR gate performs
logical OR operation. The OR gates come in form of DIP package ICs. Each gate has three
terminal two inputs and one output.
 7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs

Circuit Diagram

Constructing the circuit using three gates in the 7404 HEX, 7432 QUAD OR gate, 7408 QUAD AND gate.
Using two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output
logic levels. Using the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. Algebraically XOR output can be written as
X= AB’ + A’B and can be implemented as shown below

Solution of X-OR gate diagram

An X-OR gate is a two input, one output logic circuit, whose output assumes a logic 1 state when one
and only one of its two inputs assumes a logic 1 state. Under the condition when both the inputs are
same either 0 or 1, the output assumes a logic 0 state. Since an X-OR gate produces an output 1 only
when the inputs are not equal, it is called as an anti-coincidence gate or inequality detector. Then we
can define the operation of a digital 2-input X-OR gate as being:
“If either A true and B false or A false and B true, then Q is true”
Input/Output
A truth table showing the input and output of X-OR gate is given below-
Input Output
A B Q
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

5.Experiment Name: Implementation of X-NOR Gate.

Objective

 To study the logic function of exclusive NOR (X-NOR) gate and become familiar with some of its
application.

Description

An XNOR Gate is a type of digital logic gate that receives two inputs and produces one output. Both
inputs are treated with the same logic, responding equally to similar inputs. Sometimes referred to as an
"Equivalence Gate," the gate's output requires both inputs to be the same to produce a high output.

Required Equipment and Description

 5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
 Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
 DIP Switch: DIP is short for Dual In-Line Package. A DIP switch is a set of electrical switches
packaged in a small box or housing. They are designed to be mounted on printed circuit boards
to provide a range of electrical inputs to an electronic device based on the position of the
individual switches.
 7404 (Inverter): 7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert
action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state.
 7432 (OR gate): IC 7432 is a logic gate IC which consist of four OR Gates. The OR gate performs
logical OR operation. The OR gates come in form of DIP package ICs. Each gate has three
terminal two inputs and one output.
  7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs.

Circuit Diagram

 Constructing the circuit using three gates in the 7404 HEX, 7432 QUAD OR gate, 7408 QUAD
AND gate. Using two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth
Table with the output logic levels. Using the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. Algebraically
XNOR output can be written as X= AB + A’B’ and can be implemented as shown below

Solution of X-NOR gate diagram

An X-NOR gate is a two input, one output logic circuit, whose output assumes a logic 0 state when one
and only one of its two inputs assumes a logic 1 state. Under the condition when both the inputs are
same either 0 or 1, the output assumes a logic 1 state. Since an X-NOR gate produces an output 1 only
when both inputs are equal, it is called as an equality detector. Then we can define the operation of a
digital 2-input X-NOR gate as being:
“If both A true and B false or true, then Q is true”

Input/Output
A truth table showing the input and output of X-NOR gate is given below-
Input Output
A B Q
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
7.Experiment Name: Implementation of Half Adder.

Objective

 To study the logic function of Half Adder and become familiar with some of its application.
 To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured.

Description

A half adder is a type of adder, an electronic circuit that performs the addition of numbers. The half
adder is able to add two single binary digits and provide the output plus a carry value. It has two inputs,
called A and B, and two outputs S (sum) and C (carry).

Required Equipment and Description

 5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
 Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
 DIP Switch: DIP is short for Dual In-Line Package. A DIP switch is a set of electrical switches
packaged in a small box or housing. They are designed to be mounted on printed circuit boards
to provide a range of electrical inputs to an electronic device based on the position of the
individual switches.
 7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs.
 7486 (X-OR gate): 7486 is a 14pin IC which is use to perform EXCLUSIVE-OR gate logic function in
circuit, 7486 having 1 VCC and 1 GND pin, and 8 input pins and 4 output pins. Input/output pins
are placed in pair of 3 pins, one IC can connect up-to 4 devices .

Circuit Diagram

 Constructing the circuit using two gates in the 7408 QUAD AND gate and 7486 QUAD XOR gate.
Using two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with
the output logic levels. Using the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. Algebraically Half Adder
outputs can be written as Sum= A ⊕ B and Carry= AB and can be implemented as shown
below
Solution of Half Adder diagram

A Half Adder is a two input, one output logic circuit where the circuit performs the binary addition of
two numbers. Half Adder requires one X-OR gate and one AND gate for its construction. Here we
perform two operations Sum and Carry, thus we need two K-maps one for each to derive the
expression.

Then we can define the operation of a half adder as being:

“If either A true and B false or A false and B true, the sum output is true.”
 “If A and B both is true, the carry output is true.”

Input/Output

A truth table showing the input and output of Half Adder is given below-
Input Output
A B S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1

Experiment Name :
To implement Full Adder .

Objective:
Understanding how to construct a full adder & to study the realization of full
adder.

Description of The Experiment:

A full adder  circuit is central to most digital circuits that perform
addition or subtraction. It is so called because it adds together
two binary digits, plus a carry-in digit to produce a sum and carry-out
digit.1 It therefore has three inputs and two outputs.

Required Component:
1.2 piece of 74LS08 IC, 1 piece of 74LS32 IC, 2
piece of 74LS86 IC.
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.
Description of The Components:
1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are
one of the most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC
output is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of
transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits
without the need for soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side
are typically used to connect a power source to the board.
3.7432 (OR gate): IC 7432 is a logic gate IC which consist of four OR
Gates. The OR gate performs logical OR operation. The OR gates come in
form of DIP package ICs. Each gate has three terminal two inputs and one
output.
4.7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND
gates. Each of the four AND gates are independent. Each gate has one
output, two inputs and three pins. The AND gates carry out logic AND
operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs.
5. 7486(XOR gate): 7486 is a 14pin IC which is use to
perform EXCLUSIVE-OR gate logic function in  circuit, 7486 having 1
VCC  and 1 GND pin, and 8 input pins and 4 output pins. Input/output
pins are placed in pair of 3 pins(2 pin for input and 1 for result/output), one
IC can connect up-to 4 devices.
Diagram:

Solution of The Diagram:

1.Insert the positive side of the breadboard to the positive terminal of the battery. The
negative side of the breadboard should have been grounded.
2.Carefully insert the 7432 (OR gate) ,7408(AND gate),74138(XOR gate) chip onto the
breadboard, being careful not to bend the pins on the chip. The chip is placed so that it
crosses the middle of the board. Make sure that the circle or notch is at the top of the
circuit.
3.Provide power to all the chip by connecting pin 14 to the positive rail.
4.Ground these chip by connecting pin 7 to the ground rail.
5.Connect the input A & B to the 74138 IC’s pins 1 and 2 & get the output to the pin
3 then put this output to the pin 4 & take another input C to the pin 5.
6.Connect the output pin 6 to the LED this is the sum of the inputs.
7.connect input A & B to the 7408 IC’s pins 1 & 2then we will get output to the pin 3.
8.We also have to take input from the 74138 IC’s pin 3 and put it to the 7408 IC’s pin 4
& 5 and we will get output to the pin 6.
9.Then take input from 7408 IC’s pin 3 & 6 and put then to the 7432 IC’s pin 1 &2 .
10.Connect the output pin 3 to the LED & this is the carry of the inputs.
Input & Output :
Experiment Name :
To implement 8:3 Encoder .
Objective:
Understanding how to construct a Encoder & to study the realization of it.
Description of The Experiment:
An encoder is a sensing device that provides feedback. Encoders convert
motion to an electrical signal that can be read by some type of control
device in a motion control system, such as a counter or PLC. The encoder
sends a feedback signal that can be used to determine position, count,
speed, or direction.

Required Component:
1.74LS148 IC.
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.

Description of The Components:

1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are
one of the most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC
output is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of
transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard : A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits
without the need for soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side
are typically used to connect a power source to the board.
3. 74148 IC: 74HC148 is a 16 Pin 8-Line to 3-Line Priority Encoder IC having
2V to 6V Operating Voltage range with 5.2mA output current and low power
consumption. It encodes Eight Data Lines to 3-Line Binary. It features
priority decoding of the inputs to ensure that only the highest-order data line
is encoded.
Circuit Diagram:

Block Diagram:

Solution of The Diagram:

1. It has 8 inputs Y0 to Y7 and 3 outputs A0 to A3.
2. These inputs Y0 to Y7 determines which output should be active.
3. If Y2 is true that means input 2 is selected. Output of 2 is 011 in binary hence outputs
A1 and A2 will go high and A0 remains in its low state .
4. It does not need K-map and simplification so one step is eliminated to create Ladder
Logic Diagram .
5. Realize the 8 to 3 line encoder using Logic Gates.
Input & Output :

11.Experiment Name: Implementation of Decoder.

Objective

 To study the logic function of Decoder and become familiar with some of its application.
 To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured.

Description

A decoder is a device which

does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder provides the 2n
minterms of n input
variables. The procedure for
implementing a combinational
circuit by means of a decoder
and OR gates requires that
the Boolean function for the
circuit be expressed as a sum of
minterms. A decoder is then
chosen that generate all the
minterms of the input
variables. In this way, any
combinational circuit with n
inputs and m outputs can be
implemented with an n-to-2n
line decoder and m OR gate
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
A decoder is a device which
does the reverse of an encoder,
undoing the encoding
so that the original
information can be retrieved.
The same method used to
encode is
usually just reversed in order to
decode.
The combinational circuit that changes the binary information into 2 N output lines is known
as Decoders. The binary information is passed in the form of N input lines. The output lines define the
2N-bit code for the binary information. In simple words, the Decoder performs the reverse operation of
the Encoder. At a time, only one input line is activated for simplicity. The produced 2 N-bit output code is
equivalent to the binary information
Required Equipment and Description

 5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
 Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
 DIP Switch: DIP is short for Dual In-Line Package. A DIP switch is a set of electrical switches
packaged in a small box or housing. They are designed to be mounted on printed circuit boards
to provide a range of electrical inputs to an electronic device based on the position of the
individual switches.
 7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs.
 7404 (Inverter): 7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert
action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state.

Circuit Diagram

 Constructing the circuit for 3*8 Line Decoder using two gates in the 7408 QUAD AND gate and
7404 HEX. Using two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth
Table with the output logic levels. Using the Logic Probe to determine logic levels.

Solution of Decoder diagram

The 3 to 8 line decoder is also known as Binary to Octal Decoder. In a 3 to 8 line decoder, there is a total
of eight outputs, i.e., Y 0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 and three outputs, i.e., A 0, A1, and A2. This circuit has
an enable input 'E'. When enable 'E' is set to 1, one of these four outputs will be 1. The logical
expression of the term Y0, Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, and Y7 is as follows:

Y0=A0'.A1'.A2'
Y1=A0.A1'.A2'
Y2=A0'.A1.A2'
Y3=A0.A1.A2'
Y4=A0'.A1'.A2
Y5=A0.A1'.A2
Y6=A0'.A1.A2
Y7=A0.A1.A2

From above expressions for different input value we will get the true output.

Input/Output

A truth table showing the input and output of 3*8 Line Decoder is given below-
Enable Input Output

E A0 A1 A2 Y0 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7
0 * * * 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Experiment Name :
To implement a 4:1 Multiplexer .

Objective:
1. To determine the 4-to-1 multiplexer.
2. To learn working principle of multiplexer
3. To use of multiplexer.

Description of The Experiment:

Multiplexer generally means many into one. A multiplexer is a circuit with
many Inputs but only one output . By applying control signals we can steer any
input to the output
A multiplexer has n-input signal, control signal & one output signal .
Required Component:
1.74LS153 IC.
2. Power supply (5v).
3. LED.
4. Breadboard and.
5.Connecting wires.

Description of The Components:

1.5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are
one of the most common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC
output is obtained from a 50VAC or 240VAC input using a combination of
transformers, diodes and transistors.
2.Breadboard : A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits
without the need for soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side
are typically used to connect a power source to the board.
3. 74153 IC: The integrated circuit 74153 contains two 4-way
multiplexers with common A and B selection inputs. Each multiplexer has
a validation input . This, brought to state 1,forces the output of the
multiplexer corresponding to state 0 independently of the state of the other
inputs.

Pin Diagram:
Circuit Diagram:

Solution of The Diagram:

1. Multiplexing is the process in which multiple data streams, coming from
different sources are combined and transmitted over a single Data cannel or data
Stream
2. Give biasing to the input and do not need connection
3. Give various combination of input.

Input & Output :

19.Experiment Name: Implementation of Demultiplexer.

Objective

 To study the logic function of Multiplexer and become familiar with some of its application.
 To verify logic truth tables from the voltages measured.

Description

Demultiplexer means generally one into many. A demultiplexer is a logic circuit with one input and many
outputs. By applying control signals, we can steer the input signal to one of the output lines. The ckt. has
one input signal, m control signal and n output signals. Where 2n = m. It functions as an electronic
switch to route an incoming data signal to one of several outputs
Required Equipment and Description

 5V DC Power Supply: 5V power supplies (or 5VDC power supplies) are one of the most
common power supplies in use today. In general, a 5VDC output is obtained from a 50VAC or
240VAC input using a combination of transformers, diodes and transistors.
 Breadboard: A breadboard is a simple device designed to create circuits without the need for
soldering. Two larger pieces of wire down each side are typically used to connect a power
source to the board.
 DIP Switch: DIP is short for Dual In-Line Package. A DIP switch is a set of electrical switches
packaged in a small box or housing. They are designed to be mounted on printed circuit boards
to provide a range of electrical inputs to an electronic device based on the position of the
individual switches.
 7408 (AND gate): IC 7408 is a logic gate chip with four two-input AND gates. Each of the four
AND gates are independent. Each gate has one output, two inputs and three pins. The AND
gates carry out logic AND operation. Logic gates are available in the form of ICs.
 7404 (Inverter): 7404 is a NOT gate IC. It consists of six inverters which perform logical invert
action. The output of an inverter is the complement of its input logic state.

Circuit Diagram

 Constructing the circuit for 1*4 Demultiplexer using two gates in the 7408 QUAD AND gate and
7404 HEX. Using two sections of the DIP switch to set the inputs to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth
Table with the output logic levels. Using the Logic Probe to determine logic levels.

Solution of Decoder diagram

1x4 De-Multiplexer has one input I, two selection lines, S 1 & S0 and four outputs Y3, Y2, Y1 &Y0. The single
input ‘I’ will be connected to one of the four outputs, Y 3 to Y0 based on the values of selection lines S1 &
S0. we can directly write the Boolean functions for each output as

Y3= S1S0I

Y2= S1S0’I

Y1= S1’S0I

Y0= S1’S0’I

From above expressions for different input values we will get the true output.

Input/Output

A truth table showing the input and output of Half Adder is given below-
Input Output
S1 S0 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0
0 0 0 0 0 I
0 1 0 0 I 0
1 0 0 I 0 0
1 1 I 0 0 0