Programming Fundamentals
Aamina Batool
2-D Character Arrays
char list[100][16];
strcpy(list[1], "Snow White");
Inputting/outputting char 2-d arrays
Suppose that you want to read and store data in list and that there is
one entry per line.
The following for loop accomplishes this task:
for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
cin.get(list[j], 16);
The following for loop outputs the string in each row:
for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
cout << list[j] << endl;
You can also use other string functions (such as strcmp and strlen)
and for loops to manipulate list.
Another way to initialize
char colour[4][10] = { "Blue", "Red", "Orange” , “Yellow” };
Not a c-string always!
E.g. Tic Tac Toe
char board[3][3] =
{{'1','2','3’},
{'4','5','6’},
{'7','8','9'}};
Reading from files
Data in the input file:
30
40
50
60
70
Task: Read these integers from the file one by one (you’d
need an integer variable) and save into another file.
Reading from files
Data in the input file:
Hello World!
We gotta find a new way of greeting the world :3
Eh, Who cares!
Tasks:
a) Read these lines one by one and save them in an array. You’d need a 2d
character array to save these c-strings.
b) Once you’ve read the whole file and saved it in the array, now write the
data from this 2-D character array into an output file (in the same format as in
the input file)
Hint: use getline function to read (also remember that aggregate input/output
operations are allowed on character arrays)
Reading from files
Data in the input file:
3 45 67 90
40 6 1 3
Tasks:
a) Read the data from the file and save in two separate 1-D arrays.
b) Write the data from 2 arrays of part a in a single output file in the same
format as the input file.
c) Read the data from the file and save in a 2-D array.
d) Write the data from 2D array of part c in a single output file in the same
format as the input file.
Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as
11
Parameters to Functions
Two-dimensional arrays can be passed as parameters to
a function
By default, arrays are passed by reference
The base address, that is, the address of the first
component of the actual parameter is passed to the
formal parameter
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition
12 Two-Dimensional Arrays
When declaring a two-dimensional array as a formal
parameter
Can omit size of first dimension, but not the second
Number of columns must be specified
C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition
Code to print array
Code to sum rows
void largestInRows(int matrix[][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS],int noOfRows)
//Largest element in each row
void sumRows(int matrix[][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS],int noOfRows);
//Sum of each individual row
const int NUMBER_OF_ROWS = 6;
const int NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS = 5;
void printMatrix(int matrix[][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS], int NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
void sumRows(int matrix[][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS], int NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
void largestInRows(int matrix[][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS], int NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
int main()
{int board[NUMBER_OF_ROWS][NUMBER_OF_COLUMNS]=
{{17, 8, 24, 10, 28},
{9, 20, 16, 55, 90},
{25, 45, 35, 8, 78},
{5, 0, 96, 45, 38},
{76, 30, 8, 14, 28},
{9, 60, 55, 62, 10}};
printMatrix(board, NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
cout << endl;
sumRows(board, NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
cout << endl;
largestInRows(board, NUMBER_OF_ROWS);
return 0; }
Output
Exercises
C++ Program to store temperature of two different cities for a week
and display it.
Find Column/Row wise max, min, average, sum.
Sort the array Row/Column wise.
Write a program for adding two matrices of size 2x2, take input from
the user.
Write a program for multiplying two matrices of size 2x2, take input
from the user.
Write a program to find transpose of a 3x3 matrix and a 3x2 matrix.
Write a program to find inverse of a 2x2 matrix.
References
1. C++ Programming: From Problem Analysis to Program Design, Third Edition
2. https://www.just.edu.jo/~yahya-t/cs115/
