Mfe Notes
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Kyle Andre MendozaMfe Notes
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Kyle Andre MendozaCircle – any section made by a cutting plane that
passes through a sphere
Great Circle – formed when the cutting plane
passes through the center of sphere. (radius is equal
to the radius of the sphere)
Spherical triangle – is a triangle bounded by arc of
great circles of a sphere.
All the parts of a spherical triangle are in
Sine of middle part = product of tangent of
angular units
adjacent parts
Sum of interior angles is 1800 < A+B+C < Sine of middle part = product of cosine of
5400 opposite parts
Sum of the sides is 00 < a+b+c < 3600
2 FORMULAS
πr E
Area = 0 ; where r = radius, E=
180 sin Ac =tan b tan c c
spherical excess 0 0
sin(90 − A)=tan b tan(90 −c)
Spherical Excess cos A=tanb cot c
sin Ac =cos a cos Bc
1
0 1
4
1
2
1
2 √ 1
E=A + B+C−180 ∨tan E= tan s tan ( s−a)tan ( s−b)
1 0
tan (s−c)
2 sin(90
cos A=cos A sin B
0
2 − A)=cos a cos (90 −B)
Where: s = (a+b+c)
2 Solution of Oblique Spherical Triangle
Spherical Defect
D= 3600 – (a+b+c)
COSINE LAW FOR SIDES
Case I: Three sides
Case III: Two sides & an included angle
COSINE LAW FOR ANGLES
Case II: Three angles
Case IV: Two angles & included side
SINE LAW
Case V: Two angles & side opposite of one of
NOTE: In Spherical trigonometry, earth is assumed to be them
a perfect sphere. Case VI: Two sides & angle opposite of one of
them
1 minute of arc = 1 nautical mile = 6080 feet
FORMULAS
1 statue mile = 5280 feet
1 knot = 1 nautical mile per hour COSINE LAW FOR SIDES
Solution of Right Spherical Triangle cos a=cos b cos c +sin b sin c cos A
Right- Angle Triangle – has its one of its angles = 900 cos b=cos a cos c +sin a sin c cos B
cos c=cos a cos b+sin a sin b cos C
Quadrantal Triangle – has its one of its sides = 900
COSINE LAW FOR SIDES
cos A=−cos B cos C +sin B sin C cos a
cos B=−cos A cos C +sin A sinC cos b
cos C=−cos A cos B +sin A sin B cos c
Area of Triangle
FORMULAS
1
Area = ( base)(height )
2
1
o A = bc sin A
2
1
o A = ac sin B
2
1
o A = a b sin C
2
Derived using Sine Law
2
o
1 a sin B sin C
A=
2 sin A
2
o A=
1 b sin A sin C
2 sin B
2
o A=
1 c sin A sin B
2 sin C
Herron’s Formula
A = √ s ( s−a)(s−b)( s−c )
1
o s= ( a+b+ c)
2
