TH E

USES O F
IN

fi e mh $

and ’ iS e éLS <

A PRA C T IC A L T R E A T IS E O N T HE BAT H ,

I T S H I S T O RY A N D U SE S .

BY J . H , KE L L O GG ,
M .
-
D .

PU BL IS HE D AT

TH E I
O F F CE O F THE H E AL T H R E F O R ME R
B AT TL E CRE E K, MICH .
E n te r ed a c c o r di n g to A ct of Co n gr ess , in th e y ear 1 876,

BY J . H . KE L L O GG M , . D .
,

I n th e O ffic e of th e Lib r r ia a n of Co n gr es s , at Was h i n gt o n .

 PRE F A C E .

S I N C E th e a nn o un c e m e n t o f th e a ll e g e d d i s c o v e ry o f P r i e s s
n i t a b o u t fifty y ea r s a g o th er e h as b e e n n o s c a r c ity of bo o k s
z, ,

u p o n Hydr op a thy ,
Wa t e r C ur e-
,
a n d k i ndr e d t o p i c s .

W i t h r a r e e x c ep t i o n s t h e s e w o r k s h a v e b een i n r e al i ty l i ttl e
, , ,

b ette r th an a d v er ti s i n g m e d ium s fo r s o m e i nd iv i du al or i n s ti
u ti o n A s mig h t b e e x p e c t e d i n w o r k s p r ep a r e d fo r s u c h
t . .

p pur o s e s ,
t h e y h a v e c o n t a i n e d nu m e r o u s a n d fl a g r a n t e x a
g
e r a ti o n s o f th e e ffe c t s o f w a t e r a s a r e m e d i a l a g e n t o f t e n
g ,

r ep r e s e n ti n g i t as a s p e c i fic fo c e r ta i n m al a d i es an d a s ur e
'

p r e v e n t i v e o f o t h e r s
. T h e s e e x t r a v a g a n t a c c o un t s ,
t o g e t h e r w i t h
v ar i o u s ab s urd t ea c h i n gs r el a ti n g to m eth o d s of ap p l i c ati o n ,

h av e r end er e d ju s t t h e p op ul a r v e rd i c t i nd i c ate d by th e fac t

t h at th e d i n gy s h e l v e s o f n e a rly e v e ry s e c o nd h a nd b o o k s t o r e
-

i n Ne w Yo rk and P h i la d el p h i a a s w ell a s o th e r l arge c i ti es a e

, ,
r

l a d e n w ith t h e s e m us ty ol d v o lu m es w h i c h r es t b en eath th e a o
c u m ul a t e d du s t o f y e a r s .

T h e o bje c ts o f t h i s w o r k m ay b e b ri e fly s u mm a r i ze d a s fo l

l o ws $
1 T o p r e s e n t a c a r e ful a n d c a nd i d a c co un t o f t h e n a tur e o f
.

w a te r a nd i ts p hy s i ol o gi c a l e ffe c ts .

2 T o ex p l a i n t h e e ffe c ts of wa t e r w h e n u s e d a s a r e m e dy fo r
.

d i s eas e an d t o d e m on s trate it s v alu e as a r em e d ial a ge n t

, .

3 T o s h o w t h a t t h e e m p l o y m e n t o f w a t e r i n t h e t r e a tm e n t
.

o f d i s ea s e h a s b e e n r t i e d b y t h m t mi n n t hy i i n
p a c c e os e e p s c a s

o f al l a e s and i s no t a mo d e rn d i s c o v e ry
g , .
iv P R E F AC E .

4 . To e x p os e t h os e a rr o n e ou s p ra c ti c es wh i c h
b urds an d e

h av e b r ou gh t th e u s e o f wat er a s a r e m e dy i nto d i s r epu te an d ,

h av e t hu s d ete rr e d s c i e n ti fic p hy s i c i a n s fr o m a d op ti n g i t .

5 T o p r o v i d e a c o n v e n i e n t m a nu a l o f t h e v a r i o u s m et h o d s
.

o f a pp ly i n g w a t e r .

T h e r e a d e r w i ll ob s e r v e t h a t w a t e r i s n o t p r e s e n t e d a s a

n a c ea I t s u s e i s n o t a d v o c at e d a s a s p e c i al ty I t i s nly
p a . o .

r e c o mm e nd e d a s o n e of th e m a ny p ot e n t age n c i es wh i c h m ay
b e s u c c e s s fully e m p l o y e d i n th e t r e a t m e n t o f th e nu m e r o u s i ll s

t o w h i c h hu m a n i ty i s s ubje c t — a r e m e dy w h i c h h a s b ee n a bu s e d

by q u ac k s a n d tyr o s a n d d i s gr a c e d by fa n a ti c s b u t w h i c h s ti ll ,

ur ges a ju s t c l aim to th e a tte n t i o n an d c o n s i d e r a ti o n of al l c a n

d i d p ers o ns .

J H K
E EE K M E
. . .

B ATT L CR ,
I CH .
, S PT .
,
1 87 6 .
 CO N T E N T S .

PA G E .

PH Y S I C A L PR O PE R T I E S O F W A T E R, 9

C h e m ic a l Co mp o s i ti o n ,
9
P hy i l P r p r i
s ca o e t es , 10

P W r
u re a te ,
11

Hard W t e r a ,
12

Min r l W t e r
e a a ,
12

M g n e ti W t e r
a c a ,
13

H Y G I E N I C R E L I ON S or W AT A T E R, 15
S ru ur
t ctf h S k in
e o t e ,
15

Th T r u S ki
e e n, 15

Th C e i l E pi d r m i
ut c e, or e s, T 16

Th S we Gl nd e at a s, 17
T h Mu u M m br n
e co s e a es, 17

Fu i n f h S k in
nct o s o t e ,
18

F u n ti n c f h Mu u M m br
o s o t e co s e a n es , 20
Th Hy g i ni V l u
e fW t r
e c a e o a e ,
21

h rst
T i 22

R gu l t i n o f T m
,

e a o
p e r a t é b y E v e ur
‘

ap o r at oi n ,
24

De p u r ti o n a 25
C l e nl in e s s
a ,
25

H o w t M k t h e S k i n H e l th y
o a e a 27
B th ing Pr t ects ag in s t C o l ds
,

a o a , 28
A r i s t o c r t i c Ve r m i n
a ,
29
Pr v enti n o f Dis e as
e o e, 31
M d r n N e g l e c t o f t h e B th
o e a , 32
B t h i n g N t u r l I n s t in c t
a a a a , 33

PH YS I O L O GI C A L E F F E CT S O F W AT E R, 35
W a te r l u e nt
as a Di , 35

E ff c t s o f S o l v e nt Pr o p e r ti e s f W at r
e o e ,
36

Vit l C h n g e s In c r a s e d b y W t e r
a a e a ,
36

E ffe c t s R e s ult in g fr o m th e Mo d ific at i o n o f Te mp r ur e

e at ,
38

T h e Co l d B ath 38
VI C O N T E NT S .

E ffe c t ofu p o n th e Pul s e

C o ld ,

E ffe c t o f C ld u p o n B di ly T e m p e r tur e
o o a ,

R t i o n l e o f E ffe c t s o f th e C ld B th
a a o a

T h H t B th
e o a ,

R ti n l
a o f E ff c t s f t h e H o t B t h
a e o e o a

T h e W r m B th a a

S y m p th t i E ff c t s f B th
,

a e c e o a s,

M d e s o f A d m i n i tr ti n o f th B ath
o s a o e ,

H IS T O RY O F W AT E R CU RE ,

Th e h i n E gy p t
B at ,

B th in g a m o n g th e Je ws
a ,

P e r s i n B th s
a a ,

T h e B t h a m o n g t h e Gr e e k s
a ,

R o m n B th sa a ,

T e s ti m o n y o f A r b i a n P h y s i c i n s a a ,

Mo d e rn B th i n g C s t o m s
a u ,

M d e rn Me d i l U s e f W te r
o ca o a

R E M E DI A L P R O PE R T IE S ,

r g r n t E ffe c t s o f W t e r
Re f i e a a ,

S e d t i v e E ff t s f W t e r
a ec o a ,

T o n i c E ffec t s o f W t e r a ,

A n dy n e E ffe c t s o f W t e r
o a ,

A n t i s p a s m o t i c E ffe c t s of W at e r ,

Ast i r ng e nt W at e r
E ffe c t s of ,

L a x a t i v e E ffe c t s o f W a t e r ,

E m e t i c E ffe c t s o f W a t e r ,

m v
E l i i n at i e E ffe c t s o f W a t e r ,

v
A lt e r ati e E ffe c ts o f W at e r ,

iv v
De r a ti e E ffe c t s o f W a te r ,

Tes t im n y o of E m in n t P hy i i n
e s c a s,

E RRO R S IN W AT E R CU RE ,

Co ld W at e r Do c t o r s ,

H e r o i T r e at m e n t
c ,

C ri s is ,

Hy d r p t h i c $
o cks
a ua

Ig n r n c e m o n g H y dr o p at h i s t s
,

g
a a ,

A Pop u l ar E rr o r
.
,
 C O NT E N T S .

Ab s u rd Cl im a s, .

Ne gl h er R m e d ie s
ect of Ot e ,

Ra t o n l Hy d o p t h y
i a r a ,

A P PL I C A T I O N S o r W AT E R,

Eq u li n f C i u l i n
a z at i o o rc at o

Re gu l i n f T m p r tu r
at o o e e a e

R m v l f P in
e o a o a ,

T E
o i A iv i y
xc te ct t

R m v l f O b ru i
e o a o st ct o ns ,

Dil u t i n f h B l d o o t e oo ,

In flu n h N rv
e Sy
ce on m t e e ous s te ,

T mp r ur
e f B h
e at e o at s,

D t rm in t h T m p B h wi th o u t
/

H w
o to t e e e e e e ra u re o f a at a

T h rm m r e o e te ,

Ru l fes B h ng or at i ,

G n r l B th
e e a a s,

S wimm i g n ,

P l u n g e B ath ,

ng B th
.

S po e a ,

Ru bb in g W e t S h e e t -
,

W et S h e e t P c k
-
a ,

S h o we r P c k a ,

D y S h et P c k
r -
e a

F l l B th
u a ,

H al f B t h a ,

S h ll w B th
a o a ,

S t and n g S h ll w i a o ,
'

A fl u s i o n,
P il D u h
a o c e,

C r Duh
at a ac t o c e,

H ose D u h o c e,

Sh rB h
o we at ,

L l
oc a
V1 11 C O NT E NT S .

Ha f l P k ac ,

C hest P k ac ,

L e g P a c k,
Ch e s t W r pp er a

W t G ir d l
,

e e,

A s c e nd in g D u c h e o ,

D o p B th
r a ,

H e ad B at h
B h
E ye at ,

Ea B h r at ,

N B h
ose at ,

C o mp res s es
F m ent t i n s
o a o

Re fr i g e r n t A p p l i c a ti o n s
,

Mi s c e ll n e u s B th
,

a o a s

V p r B th
a o a ,

R u s s i n B tha a
,

H o t A i B th
-
r a

T u r k i s h B th
,

a ,

E l ec t r ic B ath ,

E l e c tr o V p r B ath-
a o

D y Ru bb in g S h e e t
,

r -

D y H nd Ru bb in g
,

r a -
,

A i B at h
r ,

S n B th
u a ,

Me di c at e d B at hs ,

O i l B ath ,

N o ve l B a t h s ,
Mu d B at h ,

E nem a

Dry H o t
W at e r -
Drinking ,
HO W to Make a F i l ter, o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o c o o p o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
 S E S O F WE AT E R
IN HE AL T H AND DIS E AS E .

P HYS I CA L P R O P E R T I E S .

ATE R is f th most abundant ele

one o e

m nts in nature As rivers lak s seas

e .
,
e , ,

and oceans it covers thre fourths f the earth

,
e- o
’
s

surface It ev n enters largely into the forma

. e

tion f th solid rocks The cl ares t and purest

o e . e

air contains it in larg quantiti s as an invisible e e

gas ; wh ile in clouds fogs and mists it appears , , ,

in the form f minute drops o .

W at r also forms a v ry consid rabl part f

e e e e o

all v g tabl productions and constitutes about

e e e ,

thr ee-
f th f th human body as well as other
ou r s o e ,

animal tissues T h blood and the brain are each

. e

about four fifth water whil th fluid secretions

-
s ,
e e

and xcr tions contain mo r than nine tenth s f

e e e -
o

th ir W ight f t his limpid fluid

e e o .

Ch em i c a l Co mpo s i ti o n Th ch mist d ig — e e es

nates water as hydrog n oxide and represents i t e ,

by th ch mical formula E O w hich signifies

e e , Z ,

that it is composed f the two gas s hy drogen o e ,

r
W a te .
B
10 US E S o r W AT E R .

and o ygen in th proportion f two volum s f

x ,
e o e o

the form r to f th latt r B oth f thes

e on e o e e . o e

gas s e colorl ss transpar nt tas t l ss and

a re e ,
e ,
e e ,

odorless H ydrog n is t h lightest gas known ;

. e e

oxyg n is th gr at support r f combustion and

e e e e o

animal li f and h at W at r is produc d by th

e e . e e e

burning or oxidation f hydrog n a proc ss t

, ,
o e ,
e a

tended with v ry littl light but most int ns e e ,

e e

heat The two gas s

. xplosiv when m ix d e a re e e e .

Ph y s i cal Pro p erti es — W at r exists in th r e ee

stat s ; viz as a solid in th form f ic ; as

e .
, ,
e o e

a liquid its m ost common for m ; and as

, a va

por in th form f st am Wh n in t h last

,
e o e . e e

condition the g s ous it is invisibl That to

,
a e , e .

which th t m t am is v ry commonly appli d

~

e er S e e e ,

is not st am but wat r in a stat f fi divis

e ,
e e o ne

ion or mist
, .

B lo w 3 2 F pur wat r xists in t h form f

°
e .
, e e e e o

i B tw n 3 2 and it is a liqui d At °
ce . e ee .

it is d into vapor W at r al so slowly . e

e vap all t m p ratur b low b ing e e es e e

abs rb d and h ld i solution by the air

o e e n .

W at r poss ss s t h gr at st p cific h at f
e e e e e e S e e o

any s ubstanc B y sp cific h at is meant th e . e e e

actual a m ount f h at r quir d to l evat its o e e e e e

temp ratur a giv n numb r f d gr s For

e e e e o e ee . ex

ampl it r q ir s t tim s as much h at to rais

e, e u e en e e
$

a pound f wat r 1 in temp ratur as to l vat

o e
°
e e e e e

a pound f copp r 1 i t mp ratur To rais

o e
°
n e e e . e

th e temp ratur f a poun d of l ad requir s

e e o e e
 PH Y S IC A L P P RO E RT I E S . 11

only one thir tieth as much heat as to produc

- $

th sam ff ct upon a pound f wat r W at r

e e e e o e . e

absorbs mor h at by l vation f t mp ratur e e e e o e e e

than ny oth r substanc In passing from t h

a e e . e

solid to th liquid stat it absorbs a vast amount

e e,

of h at without any l vation f t mp ratur

e ,
e e o e e e .

T h sam thing occurs in th conv rsion f water

e e e e o

into steam or vapor by evaporation In th . e

evaporation f n pound f water as much h at o o e o ,

e

is absorb d or r nd r d lat nt as would fli

e ,
e e e e ,
su ce

to rais n arly a thousand poun ds f wat r

e e o e on e

degr in t mp ratur This heat is abstract d

ee e e e . e

from surroun ding obj cts ; and h nc vaporation e ,

e e, e

is f t h most powerful means f produci n g

one o e o

cold T h ff ct is t h sam no matt r wh at the

. e e e e e, e

t m p ratur at which vaporation occurs

e e e e .

W at r is not the b st conductor f h at but

~

e e o e ,

it conducts much mor r adily than air and e e ,

readily communicat s its h at to bodi s with e e e

which it com s in contact also abstracting h at e , e

wh n f a low r t mp rat r
e o wh n ch a ging e e e u e, e n

from a solid to a liquid stat or from the liquid e,

to th gas ous condition

e e .

O f th most u s f l prop rti s f wat r is

ne o e e u e e o e

its power to dissolv um rous ubsta c es its e n e s n ,

solv nt prop rti s b ing n arly univ rsal To

e e e e e e .

this prop rty it owes its valu as a cl ansi g

e e e n

agent .

Pu re Wate r Absolut ly pure wat r is not .

-
e e

found in natur Rain wat r is th n arest p e . e e e a

12 US ES O F W AT E R .

proach to it ; but v n this gathers imp rities f e e u o

various sorts as it falls thro gh the air and oft n u , e

b comes very unwhol som by th absorption f

e e e e o

foul gas s and th collection f dust in this way

e e o .

For any conn ct d with the human body th

u se e e ,
e

pur st wat r is always pref rabl to any other

e e e e .

Filt r d rain wa t r and distill d water

e e the e e a re

pur st forms f wat r attainabl

e o e e .

Ha r d Wa ter —W at r is said to b hard wh n

. e e e

it will not produc a good lath r with soap but e e ,

forms curds inst ad H ardn ss is d to th e . e ue e

pr senc f arthy salts in th wat r ; salts f

e e o e e e o

lim chalk and gypsum

e — t h most common — a re e .

T en grains p gallon any f th s salts is f

f er 1 o o e e su

fi i t to render wat r hard and unfit f

c en e or
'
u s e,

tho gh so m wat rs furnish d to citi s f g

u e e e e or en

e ral contain from 7 0 to 1 6 0 grains p gallon

u se er

o f solid matt r H ard w t r is unfit f e cl ans

. a e or e

ing purpos s b caus its min ral ingr dients form

e e e e e

i nsolubl compounds with fatty substances W h n

e . e

mix d with soap t h lim or oth r min ral takes

e ,
e e e e

th e plac f t h soda or potash in th soap and

e o e e ,

forms an insolubl cur d inst ad f a l ath r e ,

e o e .

Mi ne a l Wate r r W at r containing in solution .

— e

salts f iron magn sia or oth r metallic l ments

o ,
e , e e e ,

as well as sulphur ars nic iodin or any com ,

e ,
e,

pound f th s or oth r l m nts which are

o e e e e e e ca

p bal f imparting
e o a na s ous or salin tast u e e e,

a n unpl asant odor or medicinal properties has

e , ,
 PH Y S IC A L PR O P E RT I E S . 13

b n much employed f th cur f l l ort

ee or e e o a s s

o f chronic ail m nts S uch wat rs totally

e . e a re

unfit f general use f drinking or cooking pur

or or

pos s and certainly poss ss no particular dv n

e ,
e a a

tages as cl ansing ag nts Wh th r they use

e e . e e a re

f l as medicin s is a medical question which w

u e e

do not purpose to consid r h r but one would e e e

naturally suppos that wate which i unfit to e r s

cl anse th outsid f th body could not b f

e e e o e e o

v ry great utility a an int rnal application

e s e .

Magnetic Water W ithin th last f w y ars .

— e e e ,

th e scientific world h b n startl d with th as ee e e

all g d discovery f f magn tic w lls and mag

e e o
‘
e e
$

n tic springs in vario s parts f th coun

e
$
u o e

try T h claim has be n mad and stoutly d

. . e e e e

f nded by inter st d parti s that the wat r f

e e e e e ur

i h d from th s sources is magn tic in charac

n s e e e e

te r, and poss sses wond rful h aling virtues on

e e e

that account The truth in the matter when

.
,

view d in the light f science se ms to b that

e o ,
e e

t h wat r f th s much lauded wells is no more

e e o e e -

magnetic than any other water ; the magn tic e

ph nomena
e all xplicabl by well known laws
a re e e -

o f physics without attaching to the water any

,

magnetic properties A close examination hows . S

that the iron pipe thro gh which th w ter passes u e a

is th only magn tic obj ct The supposition th at

e e e .

the pipe deriv s its magnetism from the water is

e

both unnecessary and illogical In the first place .

,

any iron pip or rod placed v rtical in th ground

e e e
14 US E S or W AT E R .

or bett r placed parall l to the arth s axis

,
e ,
e e
’

will spontan ously b come magn tic The pro

e e e .

duction f magn tism is gr atly favored by the

o e e

friction f flo w ing wat r and by jarri n g as b at

o e , ,
e

ing with a hammer In th s cond plac the . e e e,

wat r poss ss s no magnetis m to impart In

e e e .

vi w f thes facts th conclusion is inevitabl

e o e ,
e e

that called magnetic water has no xistence

so- e

except in the minds f certain persons whos o e

credulity gr atly x c d th ir ci ntific knowl

e e ee s e s e

edg e

Magn tic w lls and springs

e ing nious e a re e

humbugs Thousands f peopl are dupe d by

. o e
‘

th m H undr ds
e . b nefited by getting w ll
e a re e e

w ashed and by ,
joyi g r cr ation and pleas en n e e

ant social surroundings T h curative ff cts . e e e a re

attribut d to th imaginary magnetism whil

e e ,
e

other more tangible ag nts are t h r al means f e e e o

c reu .
HYGI E NI C RE L ATI O NS O F W ATER .

order to be able to appreciate the val e f

IN u o

water as a means f preserving he lth it is nec o a ,

essary to under t nd something f the str cture s a o u

an d f nctions f those po tion

u f the body too r s o

which it is directly applied vi the skin exter z .

, ,

n lly and the mucous membrane in the interior

a , ,

of the body .

S T RU CTU RE O F T HE S KIN .

is composed f two principal l ayers ;

T h e s k in
'

a thin outer l ayer called the epidermis c ticle ,

u ,

or scarf skin and deeper stru ture the tr e ,

a c , u

skin or dermis We will describe the latter

,
.

first .

Th e Tru e S k i m This structure covers the

— eu

tire surf ce f th body It varies in thickness

a o e .

according to its location being thi k est upon , c

the soles f the f et the palms f the hands t h

o e , o ,
e

back and the out r portions f the thighs Its

,
e o .

basis is a dense net w ork f elastic fibers among o ,

which are intricat ly mingled minute blood v es e -

sels nerve fibers and lymphatic or absorbent ves

, ,

sel s These are most numerous near the upper

.

surface and are arranged in loops upon little ele

,

v ti n
a called papill
o s I n the palms f th ae .
,
o e
16 US E S or WA T E R .

h nds n d upon the soles f the feet these papill

a a o ae

a di posed in rows wi t h much regularity

re s so as

to give to those parts minutely f rrowed p a u a

a ra n c e
p e .

The skin also contains littl e sacs or follicles in , ,

which the hairs originate In its deeper portions .

are found two kinds f glands ; sebaceous glands o

for the ecretion f sebaceous or fatty matter to

s o

lubri ate the kin and the perspiratory or sweat

c s ,

glands the latter f which wil l receiv e a more

,
o

definite description hortly S ,

Th e Cu ti c l e or E p der
i m i s —
,A t the upper por .

tion f the true skin n w cells are being constant

o ,
e

l y form d which become old in a short time and

e ,

are pr ss d outward by the formation beneath

e e

them f oth r n w cells The old cells become

o e e .

shriveled and flatt ned as they grow older and e ,

by a continua tion f the process described nu o ,

m layers f cells are formed upon the sur

e ro u s o

face f the true kin the low st f which is com

o S ,
e o

p osed f newlyo formed cells w hile the uppermost ,

o n is made up f dessicated cells having more

e o

the appearance f horny scales than f cells o o .

These several lay rs constit te the pidermis or e u e ,

outer kin It is totally devoid f sensibility and

S .
75 o ,

has no blood vessels It is in fact dead and is

-
.
, , ,

useful only as a protection to living parts beneath .

S cattered among th cells f th epid rmis are e o e e

c olored cells which give to

,
t h skin its proper e

olor In the C aucasian race these cells are f w

.
, e
 H YGI E N I C RE LAT I O N S . 17

in the negro they are abundant ; while in the ,

a lb no they are wholly absent

i , .

Th e S w eat Gl and s — A close e am ination f . x o

the little ridges found upon the pal m f the s o

h ands by the aid f a small magni fyi n g glass

,
o ,

will reveal what appear to be fine trans verse line s

crossing the ridges at hort interv ls A still S a .

closer inspection shows that the apparent lines

a re really minute penings guarded by delicate O ,

valves These t h mouths f the perspiratory

. are e o

ducts which convey to the surface the product

,

o f the sweat glands The gland itself is m rely e

~

a coiled tube already described as sit ated deep

,
u

down in the tr e skin and is surrounded with a u ,

net work f blood vessels The duct is simply a

-
o -
.

contin ation f the same tube upward thro g h

u o u

the c ticle to the surface It passes out upon

u .

the surface f the skin obliquely thus leaving a

o ,

s mall portion f the cuticle overlapping its orifice

o ,

formin g a sort f valve o .

The number f these delicat glands is enor o e

m us It has been carefully estimated to be

o .

about in a single individual The .

length f each is about one fift nth f an i n h

'

o -
ee o c ,

making their aggregate length about two n d a

one half miles

-
.

T h e M c o s Me mb r a nes
u — Al l cavities in the
u

body whi h communicate with the surface by

c

ope nings are lined with a membrane which i s

called mucous from the character f its secre , o

 18 US E S O F WA T E R .

tion The m u cou membr nes

. continuo s a a re us

with the skin at the nat ral openings f the body u o ,

n d very cl osely resemble it in structure being

a ,

formed f several layers li k e the s k in n d h ving

o , , a a

a superficial po tion m ade up f layer form d r o s e

by the deeper tissue Mucou membr ne form s . s a s

the l ining f the i passages n d lung f the

o a r -
a s, o

whol e li m entary anal nd f the urinal n d

a c ,
a o a

g e n i t l organs a Its e tent i n the lungs lon

. x a e

h a been esti m ated by sc ientists at 1 4 0 0 quare

s s

fee t or m re th n eventeen times the whole x

,
o a s e

t ent f t h kin o e s .

F u nc tions O f th e S k i m The s kin performs

— a

number f very important o ffices f the body

o or

$ Perhap the most important is that f excr tion

.

s o e .

E ach f its millions f weat glands is actively

o o S

n d constantly engaged in separating from the

a

blood imp rities which w ould destroy life i f

u rc

t in d
a These foul products are p ured out
e . o

through a corresponding number f m in te sew o u

ers and deposited upon the urface f the body

,
s o

to the amount f several ounces each day or sev o ,

eral pounds if the whole perspiration be included

,

in the estimate as is commonly done , .

The skin is also an organ f respiration ; it b o a

sorbs oxygen nd exhales carbonic acid g with ,

a as ,

other poisonous gases The amount f respiratory . o

l bor performed by the skin is about O n six tieth

a e-

, f that done by the lungs

o In some f the l wer . o o

animals the whole work f respiration is per

,
o
 H YGI E N I C RE L AT I O N S . 19

formed by the skin In the common frog the .

,

r spiratory action f t h skin and f th lungs is

e o e o e

about equal .

Anoth r important o ffi ce f th cutan ous tis

e o e e

su e is absorption T h absorption f oxyg n has . e O e

been alr ady r f rred to ; but it absorbs liquids

e e e

as w ll as gases and to much gr at r xt nt

e ,
a e e e e .

B y imm rs on a warm bath f

e some tim t h
i In or e, e

w ight f t h body may be very consid rabl y

e o e e

incr as d D Watson an E glish p h y

e e . rf .
,
n s I C Ian o

no t r ports th case f a boy w hose w ight i

e, e e o e n

cr as d nine pounds in tw nty four hours solely

e e e -

by cutaneous absorption f moistur from the air o e .

This xtraordinary action was occasioned by dis

e

e as S am n when d priv d f fr sh water

e . e e ,
e e o e ,

qu nch t h eir thirst by w tting their clothing

e e

with sea wat r th aqueous portion f which is

-
e ,
e o

absorbed by th kin T h lymphatic vess ls e S . e e a re

b li v d to be the principal agents in absorption

e e e .

Another remarkable f nction f th kin is t h u o e S e

regulation f temperature B y its density and

o .

non conducting prop rty it pr vents the escap

-
e e e

o f n c ssary heat to a consid rable degr

e e B t e ee . u

wh n the amount f heat g nerated in the body

e o e

becomes excessive either from abnormal vital

,

activities or by xpo ur to ext rnal heat the

,
e s e e ,

skin r lieves th suff ring tissues by favoring th

e e e e

e scap f h at This d sirable end is attained

e o e . e

t h rough th evaporation f the m oisture poured

e o

out upon the surface by the perspiratory glands .

It has be n estimated that the vaporation e e

20 US E S O F W AT E R .

o wat r fro m th cutaneous surfac and t h mu

f e e e e

cous membrane f t h lungs occasions th loss o e e

eac h min t f su ffici nt h eat to raise a pint f

u e o e o

wat 1 0 0 F in temp rat r This is c rtainly

er
°
. e u e . e

a powerful cooling proc ss e

L astly w m ntion as a furth r function f th

, e e e o e

S kin and n wh ich is not th l ast in import

,
o e e e

ance its utility as a sensitiv surface It is a

,
e .

w ll stablish d physiological fact that t h mind

e -
e e e

is only a r fl ction f impr ssions r c iv d from

e e o e e e e

without or at l ast th at its charac t r i larg ly

,
e e s e

det rmin d by t h natur f t h impr ssions

e e e e o e e

mad upon its organs f s nsibility The skin is

e o e .

the organ f touch and t h various modifications

o ,
e

o f tactile sensibility It is th m ost xtensiv . e e e

organ f s nsibility in th body and is v ry

o e e ,
e

clos ly connect d with all th gr at nerv c nt rs

e e e e e e e ,

so that it is p rhaps t h most ffici nt means e e e e

through which to aff ct th g neral n r ous sys e e e e v

tem Its intimat ympathy with internal organs

. e s

is hown in a gr at number f diseases in which

S e o

this organ evid ntly suffers on account f di b il e o sa

ity f som oth r

o e e one .

F nc ti o ns o f t h e Mu c o s Memb ra nes
u — The u

functions f t h mucous membran s o strict e e a re

l y analag ous to those f the skin L ike th o . e

l tt r organ a m cous m mbran xcr t s and

a e ,
u e e e e e

absorbs It liminat s foul matters n d absorbs

. e e ,
a

us ful s bstanc s in a fluid stat

e u e e .

T h importance f t h f nctions f t h
e kin is o e u o e S
 H YGI E N I C RE LA T I O N S . 21

shown by the f ct that a person quickly dies a

when its action is int rrupt d A coat f varnish e e . o

or caoutchouc appli d ov r th whole kin will ,

e e e S ,

kill a man almost as q ickly as a fatal d os f u e o

strychnia In xp riments upon animals horses

. e e , ,

dogs and oth r animals hav b n killed by b

,
e e ee o

t
s ru cti g the action f t h
n kin by som imilar o e S e S

m ans A littl boy was onc kill d by covering

e . e e e

him with gold leaf to make him r pr s nt an e e e

angel at a great c l bration e e .

T h o ff nsiv e dor f th p rspiratio and the

e e O o e e n,

characteristic sm ll f t h weat soiled und r e o e S -

e

clothi g f a tobacco us r
n facts which w ll
o e ,
a re e

attest the valu f th cutan ous functions in

,

e o e e re

moving impuriti s from the body e .

W now pr pared to consid r und rstand

e a re e e ,
e

in g ly ,

ieni c Val e O f Water

Th e Hy g w exc pt u .
— If e e

pure air it may saf ly b said that no other l

,
e e e e

m nt in natur sustains important r lations to

e e SO e l

the living syst m as do s pur water An individ e e e .

ual will live much lo g r on wat r alon than n e e e,

i f d priv d f drink W at r constitut s a larg

'

e e o . e e e

proportion f all our food varyi g in grains and

o ,
n ,

veg tabl s from fi fte n to more than nin ty p

e e ,
e e er

c nt If the wa t r thus contain d in sol id food

e . e e

w re wholly removed an n divid l would doubt

e ,
1 ua

less b nabl d to subsis t long r on water only

e e e e

than on solid food so treated Though wat r n . e u

d g
er no ch ange in the body and hence tak es
o es ,
22 US E S O F W AT E R .

no part in th dev lopm nt f forc it is b e e e o e, a so

l t l y ss ntial to t h
u e e p rformance f th vital
e e e o e

functions b ing nec ssary to enabl t h

,
e vario s e e e u

organs to p rform th ir offices in th mainte

e e e

nanc f th vital activiti s

e o e e .

T h circulatory syst m is sp cially d p ndent

e e e e e e

upon this el m nt W ater is th m nstr um e e . e e u

which floats the blood corpuscles and th vari d e e

nutritive and xcr m nti tious l m nts which e e e e e e

form t h blood B y its aid t h

e nutri nt parti
.
,
e e

cl s d stined to nt r into th struct r f th

e e e e e u e o e

body are conv y d to th most minute d r mote e e e an e

fib r f th intricat human m chanism w h r

e o e e e e e

r pair or growt h is d mand d No oth r l m nt

e e e . e e e e

i n atur is so w ll suit d to this xact p rpos

n e e e e u e

as wat r It is limpid and mobil that it can

e . SO e

circulat through th most d licate capillaries

e e e

without friction and can ev n find its way by ,

e ,

osmosis into parts inaccessibl by op ning

,
e e s ,

T h i rs t W at r is continually pa si g away
.
-
e s n

from t h body T h dry air nt ring t h

e . lungs e e e e

by r piration absorbs i t from t h moist su fac

es e r e

O f th p lmonary membran s A larg portion

e u e . e

is lost by vaporation from th skin upon w hich

e e ,

it is poured out by mi llions f little s w rs th o e e ,

e

p rspiratory ducts f th purpos f wash ing

e ,
or e e o

away impuriti s from t h syst em T h kidn ys e e . e e

remov a consid rabl quantity with poiso ou s

e e e ,
n

e xcrementitious l m nts in solution Through e e e .

S till oth r chann l wat r is removed aggregat

e e s e ,
 H YG I E N I C RE L AT IO N S . 23

ing in all the amount f five pints in tw nty

, ,
O e

four hours in t h av rag individual This loss e e e .

must b made good in ord r to pr s rv th q

e , e e e e e re

u si i t fluidity f t h blood ; and ature xpr sses

e o e n e e

the d mand f wat r by th irst

e or e .

S om p opl rar ly drink liquid f any kind

e e e e o .

O th rs consum sev ral pints in a day

e T h nat
e e . e

ure f an individual s occupation wil l in a

o
’

m asur d t rmin th amount f drink r quired

e e e e e e o e .

S tok rs glass blowers and oth rs W h os vocation

e ,
-
,
e e

n c ssitates pro f s pe piratio r q ir mor

e e u e rs n, e u e e

w t r than others It will b notic d mor ov r

a e . e e ,
e e ,

that th charact r f the di t h much to do with

e e o e as ,

t h d mand f
e e dri k Thos who subsist m ostly
or n . e
-

upon fruits and grain and oth r v g t bl pro s, e e e a e

d ti
uc avoid ing the
ons, f stimulating d irri u se o an

tati g condim nts r quir littl or no ad dition

n e ,
e e e

to th juic s contain d i their food Thos who

e e e n . e

pursue an opposit course in di t tics using e e e ,

larg ly animal food sal t p pp r spic s d oth r

e , ,
e e ,
e ,
an e

con dim ents and p rhaps taki g a littl win or

,
e n e e

som thing tro g r f th ir stomach s sak are

e S n e or e
’
e,

und r th nec ssity f taki g cons d rabl quan

e e e o n i e e

titi s f fluid in addition to that provid d by th ir

e o e e

foo d .

W at r is th only substanc w h ich will qu a ch

e e e i

thirst B v rag s which contain oth r substanc s

. e e e e e

are us ful as drinks just in propor tion to th

e e

amount f wat r which th y contain and

o e e ,
are u n

Whol some just in proportion as the added l e

e e ~

ments inj
urio s
a re u .
24 US ES O F WA T E R .

Reg ul i at o n vaporation
of Temperatu re — Th e e

o f wat r from t h
e surfac f th human body is e e o e

one f th most admirabl adaptations f means

o e e o

to nds xhibited in animal li f All f the vi

e e e . o

tal activi ties constant operation in th body

In e

occasion t h production f h at S om times th

e o e . e e

amount f heat is greater than is ne ded and so

o e ,

great as would destroy th vitality f c rtain tis e o e

su s i f it wer not speedily conducted away B y

e e .

evaporation f water from th kin this a com

o e S ,
IS e

p li h
s d e W h n
. t n l h at is greate
p p i ex er a e ,
e rs ra

tion s more ac tiv than when it l ss and thus

1 e IS e ,

the temp rature f th body is maintained at

e o e

about 1 0 0 F und r all circumstances B y this

°
. e .

wonderf l provision f natur m is enabled to

u o e, an

e xist und r th gr at extrem s f heat and cold

e e e e o

pres nted in th frigid r gions at the poles and

e e e

t h torrid c li mat
e f the equ ator B y t h aid f e O . e o

clothing human beings hav survived a contin

,
e

ued temp rature f 6 0 to 1 0 0 below z ro ; and

e o
° °
e ,

by th protectiv influ nc f vaporation an

e e e e o e ,

averag f 1 0 0 abov z ro has b en e dur d in

e o
°
e e e n e

tropical clim s For short p riods so gr at a d

e . e ,
e e

gr f h at as 3 5 0 F or v n 6 0 0 h b n born
ee o e
°
.
,
e e
°
as ee e

with impunity in xc ptional i stanc s In th e e n e . ese

cases t h extr m heat which would oth rwis

e e e e e

reduce th body to a cind r in a f w mom nts is

e e e e

rapidly conducted away by evaporation without

occasioning any damag e .
 H Y GI E N I C RE LAT I O N S . 25

Depu ration — very tho ght very movem nt

E u ,
e e ,

the most d licat vital action occasions th d

e e ,
e e

struction f a portion f th living tissu s which

o o e e ,

is thus converted into d e d matt r and b comes a e ,

e

poisonous Many kinds f poisonous substanc s

. o e

are produc d w it h n the body in this way

e l .

S om f them
e o v ry d adly and must bea re e e ,

hurried out f the syste m with gr at rapidity

o e ,

as u r eaand h l St tn H ere the marv l ous

c o e er e . e

utility f water is ag ain displayed It dissolves

o .

these poisons w h r v r it comes in contact w ith e e e

th em and then as it is brought by th current

, e

o f t h circulation to the proper organs the

e —

kidn ys liver skin lungs and oth r m n

e , , , ,
e e u c

tori s it is x p ll d from t h body still holding

e — e e e e ,

in solution the animal poisons which are so rap

idly fatal if retain d
,
e .

Cl eanli ness —Th kin is one f the most im

. e S o

portant depurati ng organs f the whole body o .

From each f its millions f pores constantly

o o

flows a stream lad n with the po sonous products e i

o f disintegration As th water evaporates it . e ,

leaves behind these non volatile poisons which -

,

are deposited as a thin film over the whole sur

face f the s k in
o A ach day passes the proc
. S e ,

ess continues and th film thickens If the skin

,
e .

is moderately activ three or four days su ffice e,

to form a layer which may be compared to a thin

coating f v arnish or sizing The accumulation
o .

continues to increas unless removed and soon e,

W r
,

at e . C
26 U SES O F WAT E R .

undergoes further processes f decomposition I t o .

p t
u re fi rots in
es, fact and d velops
,
an odor char ,
e

t i ti and quite too familiar though anything

a c er s c ,

but pleasant being at once foul fetid putrid pun

, , , ,

gent uncleanly and u npardonabl

, ,
e .

B t the ffense to t h nose is not the extent f

u O e o

the evil T h unclean accumulation chokes th

. e e

m I th
O I f the mill ion littl s wers which hould
s o e e S

be engaged in liminating th se poiso s and thus

,

e e n ,

obstructs their work B ing r tain d in contact . e e e

with the skin som portions are reabsorb d to

,
e e ,

gether with the results f advancing decay thus o ,

re
p i
o soni n
g the syst m and n c ssitating their e ,
e e

elimination a second tim e .

Here water serves a mos t usef l n d if pro u e

perly applied It is unexcell d as a detergent

. e ,

and by frequent application to the skin will k p ee

it wholly free from the foul matt rs describ d e e ;

The necessity f frequent ablutions is well sho w n

or

by the fact that nearly two poun ds f a poison o

laden sol tion the p rspiration is daily spread

u ,
e ,

upon the surface f the body It is not an n o . u

common occurrence to m et with people who e

have never tak n a general bath in their lives e .

Imagine if possible the condition f a man s kin

, ,
o
’
S ,

at the age f seventy or eighty years which has

o ,

never once felt the cleans ing effects f a thorough o

bath $
On f the most seri ous e ffects f this
e o m o a c cu u

lation f filth is the clogging f the perspiratory

o o

ducts Their v l v l ik e orifices become obstructed

. a e a-
ve y easily and depuration is then impossibl
r ,
e .

It is not wonderful that so many p eople have tor

pid kins T h remedy is obvious and always
S . e
-

availabl e .

How to Ma k e th e S k in Heal th y A man who .

-

has a perf ctly healthy skin is nearly c rtain to

e e

be healthy in other r spects In no way can the e .

health f the kin b pr s rved but by frequ nt

o S e e e e

bathing A daily or tri weekly bath a com

.
-
,
e

p i
an e d by friction Will k p the kin clean p ,
/
ee S ,
su

ple and vigorous Th r is no r aso why t h

,
. e e e n e

whole surface f the body should not be wash ed o

as well as the face and hands The addition f . o

a little soap is necessary to r mov th oily secre e e e

tion deposited upon the skin .

A lady f fashion in enumerating the means

o ,

for preserving beauty says C leanliness my ,

$ ,

last recipe $and which is applicabl to all ages$ e ,

is f most pow rful efficacy It maintains the

o e .

limbs n th eir pliancy the skin in its so ftn ss

I ,
e ,

the complexion in its lust r th ey s in their e ,

e e

brightness the te th in th ir purity and the con

,
e e ,

s t it t i n in its fair st vigor

u o To promote clean e .

l in es s,I can recommend nothing preferable to

bathing The frequent . f tepid bath is not u se o
‘

more grateful to the sense than it is salutary to

the health and to beauty B y such .

means th women f the E ast render their kins

,
e o S

softer than that f the tenderest babe in thi l i o s c

mate I strongl y re c ommend to e v ery l ady to

$
.
28 US E S or W AT E R .

make a bath as indispensable an articl e in her

house as a looking glass -
.
$

When the foul matters which ought to be lim e

i t ed by th
na kin and quickly removed from
e S

the body are allowed to remain unr moved the e ,

ski n b comes clogged and inac tiv soon los s its

e e, e

natural luster and color becoming dead dark , , ,

and unattractiv W h n bathing is so much e . e

neglected it is no m arv l that paints powders

,
e , ,

lot ions and cosmetics f all sorts

,
in such o ,
ar e

gr at d mand A daily bath at the prop r tem

e e .
,
e

p t
e ra u re , is t h most agr a bl and fficient
e f all ee e e o

cosmetics .

Bath i ng Pro tec ts a gai ns t Co l d s It is an .

-
er

ro n notion that bathi g renders a per

e ou s n

son more liabl to take cold by op n ng the e ,

e i

pores C olds are produced by disturbance f

.
$
o

the circulation n d not by openi g or closi g the ,

a n n

pores f the skin Frequent bathing increases

o .

the activity f th circ lation in th kin so th at

o e u e S ,

a person is f l ss subj ct to chillin ss and to

ar e e e

taking cold An individual who takes a daily

.

bath has almost p rfect immunity from colds e ,

and is littl susceptible to changes f tempera

e o

ture C olds are som etimes tak en after bathi g

. n ,

but this results from some negl ct f th proper e o e

precautions necessary to prev nt such an occur e

r nce which are carefully tated el sewhere in

e , S

t his work .
 H YGI E N I C RE LAT IO N S . 29

Ari s toc ratic Vermi n Doubtless not f w f .

-
,
a e o

those v ery refined and fastidious people who

spend many hours in the app l ication f all sorts o

of l otions and other compou n ds to the face

an d hands f th purpose f beauti fy ing those
,
or e o

port ions f th skin exposed to vi w while g

o —e e ne

le ting as p rsistently th os part s f the skin

e e e o

protected from observation would be ve y much

— r

surprised to learn the true condition f the n o u

washed portions f their cutan ous covering They o e .

instinctively shri nk with disgust from the sight f o

a vermin covered b ggar in whose cuticle bur

-
e ,

rows the bi i $itch mite $ whil troops

a ca r u s s c a e -
,
e

of larg r insects e e racing through his ta gled ar n

locks and nibbling at his scaly scalp It is quite .

possible that many a fair unwash ed would $ $

faint with fright i f apprized f the fact that h o er

own precious cov ring is the home f whol e e o

herds f horrid l o king parasit s which so nearly

o o e

resemble the itch mite as to be at least v ery -

near relatives p rhaps hal f brothers or cousins

,
e -
.

The name f this inhabitant f skins unwashed

o o

is as formidable as the aspect f the creature o ,

though it does not require a microscope to dis

play its proportions as d oes th latte ; sci ntists e r e

call it d m d x f l l l m
e o e o ccu o r u .

The d m d x makes himself at home in the

e o e

sebac ous follicles where he dwells with his f m

e ,
a

ily H ere the femal e lays her ggs and rears her
. e

num rous progeny undisturbed by the f ictions f

e ,
r o

a n
y fl h b r sh
es and only
-
uffering
u a v ery tra
,
n s s
30 US E S O F WAT E R .

sient deluge at very long intervals if such a cas ,

ua l ty ev r happens In studying t h structure

e . e .

o f th se little parasites we have found several

e ,

tenants occupyi g a ingle follicl pursuing th ir n S e, e

domestic operations quit u mol sted by any ex e n e

t rnal dis turbanc

e e .

The d m d x has b n transplant d from the

e o e ee e

human subj ct to th dog and it is found th at

e e

th new colony thriv s v ry r m arkably and

e e e e ,

soon produces a dis ase appar ntly id ntical with e e e

that known as mang e .

$

W hav not space to d crib in d tail thes

e e es e e e

savag littl brut s with th ir ight l gs arm d

e e e ,
e e e ,
e

w ith harp claws bristling h ads sharp lanc ts

S ,
e ,
e

f
or p nct uring and burrowi g into th skin and
u n
'

e ,

their po w rful suck rs f drawing th blood f

e e or e o

th ir victims W only car to impr ss upon the

e . e e e

mind f the r ad r t h fact that n gl ct f bath

o e e e e e o

ing and friction f th kin is sur to ncourage o e S e e

the pres nce f million f th s parasit s and

e o s o e e e ,

that th only rem dy is scrupulous cl anliness f

e e e o

the whol person L ik their r lativ s the itch

e . e e e ,

mit they do not thriv under hydropathic treat

e, e

m nt and
e ,
very av rs to soap d water
a re e e an .

Th b st way to get rid f them is to drown

e e O

them out They do not produce the irritation

.

which characterizes t h presence f the itch i n e o

s ct so that this evidence f their pres nce is

e ,
o e

w nting B t th y
a sur to be present in a
. u e a re e

torpid unhealthy unwashed skin no matter how

, , ,

d licate or fastidious its possessor

e .
 H YGI E N IC RE LAT I O N S . 31

v
Pre entio n of Di seas e Neglecting to k eep .
—

th e Skin active and vigorous by frequent ablu

tions is one o f the most prolific causes o f nearly
all varieti s f s kin diseas s which are too o ften
e o e ,

aggravated by gross dietetic h abits T h rela . e

tion betw n th cutaneous function and that f

ee e o

th e kidneys is so intimate that neglec t f the o

kind mentioned resulting as it must in b t ,

o s ru c

tion f function is a very common cause of most

o ,

dangerous disorders f the renal organs I nac o .

t ivi ty f tho kin is also very commonly asso

e S

i t d with dysp psia with rheumatism gout

c a e e , , ,

hysteria and other nervous deran gements It is

, .

also a not uncommon cause f bronchial and pul o

m n a y a ffections
o r It is quite evident then that
.
, ,

the pr per and most fficient means f prevent

e e o

ing thes diseas s is to maintain the functional

e e

vigor f the skin by the proper application f

o o

water .

The value f water as a prop h ylactic or pre

o , ,

v n tiv
e f diseas was r cognized by the ancien ts
e, o e, e ,

and the bath was empl y ed by them to an ex tent o

which has never b en eq aled in modern times e u .

The great H ebrew lawgiver Moses enjoined p , ,

u

on his followers th most scrupulous cleanliness e ,

making bathing a part f th ir religious duties $

o e .

H i example was followed by the ingenious found

s

er o f Mohammedanism who required his disciples ,

to bathe before each o f t h eir five daily prayers .

Among the Greek s and especially th temperate ,

e

S partans th e bath w as regarde d as one o f th e

,
32 US E S O F W AT E R .

most ssential means f securing physical health

e o .

Daily ablutions were practiced by them every ,

person participati g in th bath from the w n e , ne

born babe to the oldest inhabitant The R . o

mans cultivated bathing to a r markabl xtent e e e ,

making it a luxury rath r than th dr ad d pen e e e e

anc which m any mod rns s m to r gard it

e e ee e .

Mod ern Negl ec t o f th e Bath — The most cele

b t d ph y sicians from H ippocrat s down to
ra e , e

Gal n C ls s B oerhaav and a host f more

e ,
e u ,
e,
'
o

mo de n physicians h ave agr d in eulogizi g the

r ,
ee n

bath as an invaluable means f pr s rvi g the or e e n

h alth Notwiths t anding this fact it s em s that

e .
,
e

as ci ilization and nlightenm ent have advanc d

v e e ,

the importanc f the bath h b en incr asing e o as e e

l y disr gard d Th e magnificent public baths

e . e

o f th Romans w re n gl cted as that em e e e e

pir d clin d until th y w r finally d stroyed

e e e ,
e e e e .

Michel t a historian f som not t lls us that

e ,
o e e, e

f
or a thousand y ars during th Dark Ages the e e

bath was unknown in E uro p T h is fact alone e .

is in his pinion su ffi ci nt to account f th ter

O e or e

ribl plagues and pestil nc s f that p riod A

e e e o e .

mod rn writ r d clar s that in S pain th r lig

e e e e e e

ious instincts f th p ople have b com so p o e e e e er

v rt d that it is consid r d sacrileg f a woman

e e e e e or

to bathe more than once in her lif which p e, Is u

on t h v f h marriag In more nlight n d

e e e O er e . e e e

countri s it is to be hop d that the condition f

e ,
e o

the feminine cuticle is not q u ite so b d as this ; a

 H YGIE N I C RE L AT I O N S . 33

but another writer an E nglishman asserts that , ,

a large proportion f his countrymen never sub o

m i tt d themselv s to an entire p rsonal ablution

e e e

in their l ives and many an octog narian has sunk

,
e

into his grav with th acc mulat d dir t f ighty

e e u e o e

years upon his skin Am rican c stom s i this . e u n

respect are not much b tter than the E glish ; e n

but it is gra ti fying to know that a very p rc p e e

tible improv ment is becoming evident in both

e

countries O intercourse with O riental nations

. ur .

an d barbarians h s taught us whol some l ssonsa e e

in th care f th person There is scarcely a

e o e .

savag trib to be found in th deep t jungl s

e e e es e

o f tropical A frica the m mbers f which do not e o

pay mor attention to the preservation f a

e o

cl an and healthy kin th an the average Ameri

e S

can E nglishman
or .

Bath ing a Natu ral Instinct — All nature t a

tests the importan c f the bath The rain is e o .

a natural show r b th in which all v getation

e a e

participates and gains r freshm nt Its in ig

, e e . v o

rating influ nce is seen in t h brighter app ar

e e e

ance more er ct bearing and fresh r colors f all

,
e , e ,
o

plants after a g ntle rain The flowers manif st

e . e

their gratitude by exhaling in greater abundance

th ir fragrant dors Dumb a imals do not g
e O . n ne

lect th eir morning bath Who has not s en the . e

robin skimming along the surface f the l ake or o

stream dipping its wings in t h cool wat rs and

, e e ,

l vin g li t plumag e with the cry stal dro ps whi ch

a s
34 US E S or WAT E R .

its flapping pinions s nd glitt ring into the air e e $

No school boy who h ever seen the l phant as e e

drink will forget how the h g b t improved u e '

ea s

the opportunity to treat himself to a shower bath

‘

and p rhaps the sp ctators as well f he is very

e e ,
or

generous in his use f water o .

If man s ins tincts w r not r nd red obtuse

’
e e e e

by th p ert d habits f civilization he would

e e rv e o ,

valu th bath as highly and employ it as freely

e e

as his more humble f llow creatures whose in e -

,

s t i tiv impulses have r mained more true to

nc e e

natur becaus th y hav not possessed that de

e, e e e

gr f intellig nce which would make it possible

ee o e

f
or them to b come so grossly p rverted as have
e e

th e members f the human rac M n goes o e . a

astray from natur not b cause he deficient in e e is

i nstinct but b caus h stifles the promptings f

,
e e e o

his b tt r nature f th purpos f gratifying his

e e or e e o

propensities .
 P HYS I O L O GI CA L E F F E CTS .

S O ME r lations f wat r to the living

of th e e o e

system have b en consider d in the preceding e e

section In the pres nt connection we shall con

. e

sider chiefly th eff cts resulting from the p ese e a

plication f water to th human body in various

o e

ways which g v to it its valu as a r medial

l e e e

agent though its therapeutical applications will

,

be def rred to succeeding s c tions

e e .

The ffects f wat r upon the h man syst m

e o e u e

a re the results f the peration f its physical o O o

properties in conjunction with th vital forces e .

As with all other ag nts its ffects may be either e ,

e

local or general according to the mode f p pl i

, ,
o a

cation Differ nt ffects are also produced

. e e ac

cording as the administration is int rnal or ex e

ternal M ny Other modifying circumstance s as

. a ,

age ,
and physical condition aff ct the results
s ex , ,
e

in a greater or lesser degree .

W ater affects th system through thr e differ e e

en t means ; viz

1 As a diluent ;
.

2 B y its solvent properties ;

.

3 B y modi fying the general or local tempera

.
~

tur f the body

e o .

1 Water as a Dil u ent

.
— Water is received into .

th e sy stem by absorption eith er through a m ,

u
36 US E S O F W AT E R .

c u membrane or thro gh the kin It usu ll y

o s , u S . a

enters through the medium f the stomach and o

intestinal anal When received into the blood

c .
,

it f cours increases its vol ume and produces

o e ,

an increas d fullness f th circulatory vess ls

e o e e ,

which are never dist nd d to th ir fullest extent e e e ,

and h nce allo w room f change in the volume

e or

of their contents The blood is n c ssarily ren . e e

dered more fluid and if pre viously in any degree ,

viscid its circulation is quickened by its dilution

, .

2 Th e E ffec ts o f th e S ol v ent Pro perties o f

.

Water W ith th
— xc ption f air water is
. e e e o ,

the most transient f all the el ments received o e

into th body It is liminated by the skin th

e . e ,
e

lungs the kidneys and the intestines B y its solv

, ,
.

ent action it dissolv s the various poisonous prod

,
e

uc st f th disint gration f th tissues The

o e e o e .

volume f the blood being incr ased more water

o e ,

comes in contact wit h the debris contained in

any part and in consequ nce the same n d i
, ,
e ,
u es r

abl products are more perfectly remov d The

e e .

increas d amo nt f excrementitio s matter in

e u o u

solution is brought in contact wit h the various

d purating organs prod cing notably the f l
e ,
u , , o

lowing results
A a in
.
f th ni n y x ti n It
cr ea s e o e ur ar e cr e o .

is an important fact that this increase does not

consist in the addition f water merely or dil o ,
u

tion but that there is also an increased amount

,

o f the chief excrementitious principle

a r ea , re

moved from the blood by the kidneys .

 PH YS I O L O GI CAL E F F E CT S . 37

b A n i n cr ea s e i n
. th e cu ta n eo u s excr eti o n .

Water drinking is one f the most eff cient means o i

of producing copious perspiration which as w ith , ,

the urinary excr tion is not a mer elimination e ,

e

of wat r but is a real depurating process

e ,
.

0 . I n cr ea s ed a cti o n o f th e i n tes ti n a l m u c ou s
m em br a n e limination from the mucous mem
. E
brane f the int stinal track which is an impor
o e ,

tant organ f excr tion is also incr ased by drink

o e ,
e

ing fre ly f p ure w t r The result f this in

e o a e . o

cr ased ac tion is not only to r move from th

e e e

blood som f its foulest constituent but to ren

e o s,

der more fluid t h contents f the intestines and e o ,

thus tend to obviate that almost universal m acco

p i
an m t f se d ntary
en habits constipat
o i on e , .

The removal f clogging matters from the sys o

tem in this manner allows great r fre dom f e e o

vi t l action so that the activiti s

a f the body are
, e o

quicken d and both waste and repair disintegra

e , ,

tion and assimilation are accelerated , .

Th use f water thus hastens all the vital

e o

proc sses by increasing the ch nge f tissue

e a o .

This result is f cours chiefly obtained by em o e

—

ploying it as a drink The experiments f L ie . o

big fully confirm this view He expressly men .

tions the free use f water as one f the means o o

o f accelerating vital c hange Pro f J ohn B B i d . . .

dle M D in his Materia Medica states that it

, . .
,
$
,
$ $

promot s both the metamorphosis and cons tru

e o

tion f tissue from which fact he attributes to

o ,
$

it v al u able curati v e properties as an alterati v e , ,

38 US E S O F WAT E R .

when the removal f a morbi d taint is desir d o e ,

as

in certain v nereal diseases e .

3 E ffec ts res u l ti ng from th e Modi fic ati on o f

.

Temp erat re — P rhaps th most important cer

u e e ,

t i l y th
a n most common ff cts f water upon
e ,
e e o

the living organis m are thos which res lt from e u

its modifications f the t mperature f the body o e o

in its various modes f applic tion Thes f o a . e e

fe ts vary greatly ac ording to the temperatur

e c e,

and th duration f th application G neral

e o e . e

and local application also differ in their r sults s e .

It should b r m rked that all f the eff cts fe e a o e o

water really th resul ts f the vital resistance

a re e o

of the syst m in its attempts to r move abnormal

e e

or unusual conditions or to accommodate itself to ,

new circumstances .

B aths are di ided int six classes according to v o ,

their temp rature as follows e ,

1 . l
C o d,
2 . Coo l ,

3 . T em p erat e ,
4 . T ep d ,i
5 . W a rm ,
6 . H ot,

the sake f simpl icity w will consid r the

F or o ,
e e

effe cts f water applications under three heads ;

o

viz cold warm and hot

.
, , , .

T h C ld B th U nder this head we will con

e o a .
-

sid r applications f all t mperatures bel ow 8 5

e o e
°

F C old r cool water appl ied to any portion f

. o ,
o
 PH YS O L O GIC A L
I E F F E CTS . 39

the body causes instant contraction f t h small

,
o e

arteries f the part through its influence upon

o ,

the sympathetic or vasomotor syst m f n rves e o e .

S long as the application f the unusual t m

o o e

p t
e ra u re is conti u d t h vascular contractionn is e ,
e

maintained and th part s ms nearly bloodless

,
e ee .

I f the cold is b low 3 3 F and is long continu d

°
e .
,
e ,

destruction f the tissues by fr zing will result

o ,
ee ,
.

If a moderately cool or cold t mp rat ure is e e

maintain d f som tim t h e blood vessels f th

e or e e, -
o e

part more or less permanently contracted and

a re ,

the blood supply thus l ss ned If on t h other e e .

,
e

hand the applicati on is v ry brief t h contra

,
e ,
e e

tion f the vess ls is only momentary and is f l

o e ,
o

lowed by proportionate degree f r laxation

a o e ,

and a corresponding in crea in th supply f se e o

blood to the p a t r .

A v ery cold bath applied to any considerable

.

portion f th body and continued more than a

o e ,

very brief time produces headach dullness ,

e, ,

sometim es nausea and vomiting loss f ibil ,

o s en s

ity and other unpleasan t and painf l symptoms

,
u .

I t is thus seen that the ffects f cold are quit e o e

diff nt e re xactly opposite n fact as the p

w -
e —
,
I a

pl ication is a prolonged or a brief one The l ong , .

application produces effects in some degree per

m n n tl y sedati v e whil e the brief application is
a e ,

followed by a momentary condition which may

b termed sho k and which i usually followed
e c , s

very q uickl y by a reaction analogous to stimu l a

tion when produced in any other manner .
40 U SE S or WAT E R .

E ject f p o The Co l d
p i u on th e P u l s e .
— ex er e

m nts f Drs C urrie B l l and oth rs how con

e o .
,
e , e , S

e lusiv ly that t h cold bath has the uni form f

e e e

fe t f diminis h ing the frequency f t h h art s ’

e o o e e

action from t n to twenty b ats in a minute b

e e e

lo w t h usual standard e U pon t h f rst applica . e i

tion f cold th re is a slight incr ase in the rate

o ,
e e

o f pulsation ; but this soon sub sides and is suc ,

cee d d by a ma k d dim i nutio n

e The ultimate r e .

effect is the sam wheth r t h application is m ade e, e e

at its maximum d gre f s v rity or not ; but if e e o e e

the application is first warm b ing gradually ,

e re

d d in t mp rature the result is reached with

u ce e e ,

out the occurrence f the unpleasant shock or o ,

f ling f chillin ss which att nds the sudd n

ee o e ,
e e

application f cold specially in p rsons f deli

o ,
e e o

cate n rvous s nsibilities The amount and after

e e .

duration f the diminished rate f pulsation d

o o e

pends u pon th t mp rature and duration f the e e e o

bath In h ealth it do s not commonly extend

.
,
e

beyond a f w hours at most e .

E j t f C l d p n T mp — It was al so
'

ec o t e o u o e er a u r

shown by th same xp rim nters that the temp r

e e e e e

atur f the body is reduced proportionat ly with

e o e

the action f th heart The natural tempera

o e .

ture as hown by a thermometer placed in the

,
S

axilla is 98 F D ring and after a cold bath

,
°
. u ,

the thermom t r applied to the same part indie e ,

cat s from one half a d gre to five or six or even

e -
e e ,

more degrees diminution f temperature In

, , o .

s ome cases the temperature continues to fall after

 PH Y S O L O G I C A L I E F F E CT S . 41

the bath T h real temperature is lessened even

. e

though th skin may glow and may seem to pos e ,

sess increased warmth C old d h at are within . an e ,

certain limits wholly r lative terms to t h nerv s ,

e e e

o f s nsibility e W hat is warm at one time may .

b cold at anoth r though the temperature

e e ,
re

mains the sam T h same temperature may be e . e

warm to one hand and cool to th other T m e . e

p t
era u recan only be t l y determ ned by a ccu r a e i

t h th rmom t r
e e e e

R ti n l a
f fi
E e ot f th C l l
a eB th — The o c s o e o o a

manner in which the Ol d bath prod ces th sed c u e

ative e ffects noted is apparently simpl W h n ,

e . e

appli d locally to a ingl organ or part it di

e ,
s e ,

minish s the circulatio n in the part by occasion

e

ing contraction f t h musc lar coats f the o e u o a r

t i l
er o es , or small art ries Their caliber being e .

thus l ssen d th y f course allow the passag f

e e ,
e o e o

less blood and t h cir ulation in the part is di

, e c

minished Ther are th n three caus s f the

. e ,
e ,
e or

d cr ase f h at ; viz
e e o e .
,

1 A portion f th h a t f any part is brought

. o e e o

to it by th blood ; the supply f blood being e o

l ss ed the hea t is d iminish d ;

e en ,
e

2 H eat is produc d by vital or ch mical

. e e

changes which occur in th capillaries or their e

immediate vicinity These depend chi fly upon . e

t h supply f
e
g which again is larg oly g ox en , , ,
e re

l t d by t h blood su p ply ; and it being lessen d

u a e e e

r W a te .
D
42 US E S O F WA T E R .

with the blood the amount f heat p d d is ,

o ro u ce

diminished .

3 The water in contact wi th the part b ing f

.
,
e o

a lower temperature abstracts heat from it as it ,

would from any other body f a higher temper o

ature than itself .

When the application f cold water is more o

general b ing made to th whole body or to a

,
e
‘

e ,

considerable portion f it the same effects o ,

a re

produced on a larger scale A large proportion .

o f the small arteries f the body being brought o ,

under the influence f cold are made to contract o , ,

thus direc tly lessening the circulation and so di ,

minishing also the production f h at Through

, ,
o e .

t h sympathetic system the same e ffect produced

e ,

upon the sma ll arteries is produced als upon the o

h art lessening the rapidity f its contractions

e ,
o .

Again it has been satisfactorily shown that the

,

action f the hear t is larg ly controlled by the

o e ao

tion f the small ar teries ; so that w have b d

o e a un

ant explanation f the decrease in th rate f o e o

pulsation Finally we have a cold fluid in con

.
,

tact with large portion f the body abstracting

a o ,

heat by conduction as well as lessening its pro ,

duction .

Thus we see th a t water when applied at a ,

proper temperature is one f the most powerful ,

o

m ans f depressing th vital activiti s f th

e o e e o e

body di m inishing circulation and animal heat as

,

will no other agent The several modes f p . or a

 PH YS I O L O GI C A L E F F E CT S . 43

plying it are consider d in another po tion f this e r o

work .

T h H t B th —
e W shall includ und r this
o a e e e

head applications f a t mperature abov 98 F o e e

°
.
,

the m an t mperatur f the body A with the

e e e o . S

cold bath the ffects di ff r greatly according as

,
e e

the application is brie f or prolonged L ocal and .

g n ral applic tions al so diff in th ir eff cts

e e a er e e .

3
A bri f local application causes an incr ase in
e e

t h circulation f a part which v ry closely

e o
/
e re

sembl s perhaps is id ntical with active conges

'

e ,
e ,

tion The small arteri s

. dist nd d and the e a re e e ,

vital activiti s d h at f th par t are incr as de an e o e e e .

T h s v ral ff cts
e e em to b littl diff r nt from
e e e se e e e e

thos r s lting from the application f a mild

e e u o

si napism The action f the vital instincts is d

. o e

fensive in b oth cases .

When applied to sp cial organs special ff cts

.

e ,
e e

a re produced For instanc a hot fom ntation . e, e

appli d to th head f a f w minut s will

e e or e e u su

ally produce drowsin ss by div rsion f a portion e e o

o f the blood supply f t h brain to th skull and o e e

scalp Prolong d applications produc a more or

. e e

l ss p rmanent r laxation f th blood vessels

e e e o e -
,

and cons qu nt cong stion e e e .

A hot bath appli d to the whole body or a e ,

larg portion f it produces an acceleration f

e o , o

th puls and an incr ase f ani m al heat propor

e e e o

ti t to the t mp rat r
on a e f t h bath A bath e e u e o e .

t 1 0 6 to 1 0 8 F will increas the pulse from

° °
a . e
44 US E S or W AT E R .

the normal standard to one hundred or n hun o e

dred and tw nty beats in a minute in a short e ,

time A bath four or fi degrees hott r has

. ve e

be n known to increase the pulse to more than

e

o n ehundred and fifty beats in a minut e .

Wh n a hot bath is prolong d th face becomes

e e ,
e

flush d and the whole skin very red t h head

e ,
e

ach sight is som times dimmed ; ringing in the

es e

ears faintn ss a stinging pain in the kin d

,
e , S ,
an

int nse desire to urinate symptoms which

e a re a re

o ft n pr sent C opiou perspiration and int nse

e e . s e

cong stion f the skin

e constant ff cts T h
o a re e e . e

cutan o s congestion from r laxation f t h

e u ,
e o e

blood vessels is apt to continue to xist after th

-
,
e e

bath if it is greatly prol nged to the s rious i

,
o ,
e n

jury f th subj ect o e .

Th eff cts f the vapor bath are essentially

e e o -

the same as those d scribed though a somewhat e ,

high r d gre f h at is tol r t d without injury

e e e o e e a e .

In the hot air bath till high r heat is borne

-
,
a s e

with impunity .

R a ti o n a l e o f E fi ects
f
o th e H o t B a th .
-
It
scarcely need be rep ated that all f th ffects e o e e

notic d as w ll as thos f all oth r baths

e ,
e e o e ,
a re

chiefly t h results f modifications f vital action

e o o

occasion d by t h ag nt mploy d The p pl i

e e e e e . a

cation f h at to t h body occasions r laxation f

o e e e o

the muscular coats f th smal l art ri s and i o e e e ,

n

cr as d ction f those v ss ls No doubt this

e e a o e e .

i f the purpose f bringing moistur to t h

s or o e e
 PH Y S IO L O GIC AL E F F E CT S . 45

s rface to protect the ti ues against the nn t

u ss u a

ural heat A is the case with cold baths th

. s ,
e

causes which modify the h at thr e ; e a re e vi z

1 The ncr ased quantity f blood circulat ng

. i e o i

through th part brings t it an increas d amount

e o e

o f heat
2 Increased vital and ch mical action i
. e n c re a s

es the production f heat ; o

'

3 T h body absorbs heat from the surround

. e

ing medium as y th cold r obj ct would do an /

o er e e .

In the g neral application f hot wat r or v

e o e a

por eff cts similar to its local ffec ts are pro

,
e e

d d upon th whol surfac

u ce f the body i ne e e o ,

volving also to a con siderable ext nt th d per

, ,
e ,
e ee

structur s The pulse is accel rated b cause the

e . e e

Sm ll a t i are distended and more active cre

‘

a r er es ,

ating a demand f a gr at r quantity f blood or e e o ,

r quiri g an incr ase in th heart s action It

e n e e
’
.

is also quite probabl that th action f the heart e e o

is somewh at quick ened as the result f the i fl o n u

ence f heat upon th pneumogastric nerve which

o e

c ntrols it
o .

Th cer bral symptoms faintness etc which

e e , , .
,

occur when heat is applied in excess are the r sult ,

e

f the diversion f so large a proportion f the

'

o o o

blood into th superficial vess ls A prolon ged e e .

hot foot bath or leg bath will often produce faint

ness .

There are f w ag ents which will so rapidly

e

produce such powerfull y excitant and stimulant

46 US E S O F WA T E R .

effects as the hot bath The painful and unde .

sirable results occasion d by its incautious use e

are vid ences f its pow r

e o e .

Th W m B th I this conn ction w

e ar a
p
— n e e a

ply th term warm to baths f a t mperatu re

e o e

betw en 8 5 and 98 F though baths f a t m

e
° °
.
,
o e

p t between
e r a u re 8 5 and 9 2 would be mor ° °
e ac

t l y term d tepid which t erm is appli d to

c u ra e e ,
e

baths f that t mp ratur ls wh r than i this

o e e e e e e e n

imm diate conn ction

e e .

The warm bath nev r exce ds the temp ratur e e e e

o f th body and is usually below it

e ,
Its ffec t . e

is uniformly to diminish th frequency f the e o

puls nd f respiration and to d crease animal

e a o , e

h at Its ff cts are t h sam s thos f the

e . e e e e a e o

cool or cold bath in this r sp ct but th y diff r,

e e ,
e e

in s v ral oth r particulars U nlike the cold

e e e .

bath the war m bath is not accompani d by an

,
e

unpl asant shock or chill and h nce is not f l

e , , ,
e ,
o

lowed by r action It promotes th action f the

e . e o

skin in a very mark d degre increasing both e e,

perspiration and absorption Wh n contin ed . e u

for an hour or t w t h w ight is apprecia bly o, e e

incr as d by the absorption f wat r Its g

e e o e . en

eral ff cts
e ev ry mild and soothing o ft n in
a re e ,
e

c l i i g the pati nt to sl p
n n e ee .

This bath s ms to produc its e ff cts not so

ee e e

much by xciting t h vital n rg es to abnormal

e e e e i

action or r sistance as by supplying the most

e ,

fa v orable conditions f the performance f the or o

 PH YS I O L O GI C A L E F F E CT S . 47

natural and sual functions This is doubtless u .

on account f its close approx m at ion to the O i

t mp rature f the body In this respect if this

e e o .
,

suppo sition b tru it diff rs from baths f e e, e o a

temp rat r either much above or greatly below

e u e

t h normal t mperature f the body

e e o .

The Warm vapor bath produc s eff cts quite e e

analagous to thos f the warm water bath Its e o .

eff ct upon th processes f perspiration and b

e e o a

sorption is a littl more mark d even with th e e ,

e

sam degre f tem p ratur T h r sults differ

e e o e e . e e

som what accordi g as the whole body is n

e ,
n e

v l p d so that t h
e o e ,
warm vapor is taken into e

t h lungs or t h h ad xclud d A mor equable

$

e ,
e e e e . e

eff ct is produc d by including the whol body

e e e

in the b th d no harm can r sult i f the tem

t
f
not
e r a u re I Srais d
a

abov that f
an

the body as e e
e

o
p ,

it should not be in th w m bath $ ,

e ar .

S y mpath etic E ffe c ts There is scarcely room .

-

doubt that many f th ffects f the various

.

f
or o e e o

k inds f water applications are wholly f a sym

o o

pathetic character All portions f the body are . o

intimately associated tog ther by a sy st m f e e o

n rv s called th sympat h tic system from their

e e e e ,

peculiar function C rtain portions as the kin . e ,

S

and mucous m mbrane are particularly related

$

e ,
.

T h larg numb r f s nsitiv n rv s which con

e e e o e e e e

n t t h skin wi th t h brain bring it in peculiar

eo e e ,

l y clos r l ations to t hat organ and give addition

e e ,

a l potency to any agen t applied to so extensi v e

48 US E S O F W AT E R .

a surfac The w ll known fact that burns f

e . e -
o

t h skin
e o ften t h occasion f fatal ulceration
a re e o

o f t h mucous membran
e f th int stines f e o e e su

fi i t l y attes t s th
c en intimat r lation between e e e

thes two tissues ; while th ff cts upon t h

e e e e e

S kin f m ntal motions s f sham and f f ar

o e e ,
a o e o e ,

are conclusiv vidence f th p culiar closen sse e o e e e

o f r lation b tw en t h
e cer bral and cutaneous
e e e e

organs T h condition f th mind has much to

. e o e

do with th ff ct f a bath e e e O .

Mo de s o f Ad mi ni s trati o n Th r numer —
e e a re

ous mod s f administering baths f all temper

e o o

at res ach f which produc s som modification

u ,
e o e e

o f the gen ral ff ct f t h given temp ratur

e e e o e e e .

For exam ple such ba ths as t h douch t h spray

,
e e, e ,

and the hower bath S much mor cooling in ,

a re e

their ff cts than a full bath t th m t m p

'

e e a e sa e e er

ature ; since in th latter cas n arly t h whol

,
e e, e e e

body would be submerged in a medium f quabl o e e

temperature whil e in the case f t h spray t

,
o e ,
e c .
,

the body would b additionally coo l d by th e e e

rapid evaporation taking plac upon its surface

.

e .

Many oth r peculiar ff cts e btained by par e e a re O

ti l mod s f administration which will b d

c u ar e o , e e

scrib d in their proper place

e .
 HI ST O R Y O F W ATER CU RE ,

TH E utility f water as an agent in the treat

o

ment f disease is not a modern discovery as the

o ,

pretensions f some aspirants f notoriety have

o or

led many to believ A very c rsory glanc at e . u e

the history f various anci nt nations furnishes

o e

sufficient evidenc tha t th use f th bath as a

e e o e

curative agent was f v ry r mote origin T h o e e . e

works f the ldest medical authors contain nu

o O

m re fer nces to the bath recommendations

er o u s e ,

of its use in cases f disease and testimonials f

o ,
O

its good effects wh n properly employ d A e e . S

this is a matter f som int r st to many f those

O e e e o

who em ploy and advocat th f water as e e u se o

a remedial ag nt as well as to thos who are i

e , e n

v est ig ti ng its merits we shall devot a littl

a , e e

space to a sketch f the use and estimation f o o

the bath by various nations and tribes civilized

—

and barbarous and regular and irregular physi

—

i n from the remote ages f antiquity do wn to

c a s, o

modern times For several f the facts present d

. o e

we are indebted to a valuable work by D B ll r . e ,

long out f print and now somewhat rare

o .

Th e Bath in E gy pt That bathin g was p — ra c

ticed to a considerable extent by the E gyptians

at a very early period is evinced by both sacred ,
50 US E S O F W AT E R .

and prof ne history It was thro gh ob dience

a . u e

to this custom that Mos s was discovered among e

the rushes by Pharaoh s daughter as she w nt ’

e

down to the river id to bathe Pictures di v S e . sco

er d in anci nt E gyptian tombs represent p rsons

e e
‘

pr paring f the bath We have no expression

e or .

o f the stimate which was plac d upon the bath

e e

as a r m dial agent but it is h ardly possibl to

e e e

b li ve that an ag nt held n such high st em

e e e I e e

as a pr ventive f disease hould not be valued

e o S

as a us ful remedy e .

Bath i ng am o ng t h e Jew s The code f laws

— o

pr par d by Moses under divin instruction f

e e , e ,
or

t h gov rnm nt f t h H bre w nation a ft r its d

e e e o e e e e

partur fro m E gyp t mad bathing a prominent

e , e

f atur
e Th conn ction f the bath with th
e . e e o e

tr atm nt f leprosy would n aturally lead to the

e e o

conclusion that it was employed f its curative or

e ffects .

Persi an Bath S The ancient Per ians held the

.
— s

bath in such high esteem that they erected mag

n ifi n t public str ctu es devoted to ba thing
ce u r .

The baths f Darius spo k n f as especiall y

.

o a re e o

remarkable .

Th e Bath amo ng t h e Greek s The cold bath —

was mploy d among the Gre ks L ycurgus the

e e e .
,

famous S partan legislator pr scribed its daily ,

e

use f all his subjects not excepti g the tender

or ,
n

es t infants In later times the warm bath was

.
,
 H IS T O R Y O F W AT E R C URE .
51

introduced and stately buildings were erected f

,
or

the accommodation f bathers o .

The learned Gr ek H ippocrates th father f e , , e o

medical literature and a very acute observer f ,

o

disease and th ffects f various agents upon

'

e e o

th body highly recommended the

e ,
f Water u se o

in many diseas s d scribing with great car the e ,

e e

proper mod f administ ring a impl bath

e o e S e
$

H laid great str ss upon the car ful and ski l lful
e e e

u se f th bath ass rting that when im p p

o e ,
e ,
ro

erly appli d it instead f doing good may rath

e , ,
o ,

e prove injurious H i dir ctions f the em $

r . s e or

ployment f t h bath w re very discreet H

o e e . e

v ry wisely r m rks that thos pati nts whose

e e a e e

sym pto m s are s ch as would be benefited by u

bathing should b b thed even though some f e a ,

o

the requisit convenienc s m y be wanting ; while

e e a

thos whose symptoms do not indicat the ne d

e e e

Of this remedy houl d not employ i t t h ough all

,
S ,

the necessary appliances at hand H made a re . e

great use f water as a beverage in treating dis

o

ease .

Ro man Bath s — The Romans excelled all oth

er nations in the sumptuo ness f their bathin g us o

arrangements Their publ i baths were among . c

their great st works f architecture and wer

e o ,
e

supplied with ev ry conv ni nce f increasing e e e or

the utility and l uxury f the bath Kings and o .

emperors vied with ach other in perfecting and e

enlarging these sanitary institutions A mm . cc o o

52 .
US E S O F W AT E R .

dations were pro vided in some cases f nearly , ,

or

bath rs employing the baths simultaneous

e

l y ; and at one time the number f public baths o

in Rome was n arly one thousand E v n Nero

‘

e . e ,

whose name has come down to us cover d with e

infamy has th credit f doing at l ast

,
e good o e one

act in erecting a magnificent public bath though ,

even the detergent effects f such an act can o

hardly cleanse his character f th many foul o e

bl ots by which it is ren d ered odious .

C lsus and Galen tw not d L atin physicians

e ,
o e ,

extolled th bath as an invaluabl r m dy almost

e e e e ,

two tho sand y ars ago The latter pronounced

u e .

the bath to be n f the ssential featur s f a o e o e e o

syst m f perfect cure which he t rmed p th e

e o e a o r

a
p h i ex rcise
d ,
and f i ctionebeing the other r es

s en ti l I f the regular physicians f hal f a

a s . o c en

tury ago had followed th practice f Galen as e O ,

described in his works they would have refr shed ,

e

their languishing fever pati nts with cold water e

as a beverag instead f leaving them to be con

e o

sumed by the pent p fires which parched their -

u

lips disorganized their bloo d and finally ended

, ,

their su fferings with th ir liv s C elsus was e e .

proud to boast f m pl y ng th bath more f o e o I e re

qu ntly and syst matically than oth rs h d done

e e e a

before his time .

The E mperor Augustus was cured by the bath , ,

o f a dis as which had b fl d all oth r reme dies

e e a e e .
 H IS T O R Y O F W AT E R C UR E . 53

i
Tes t mony i ii Although
o f Arab an Ph y s c ans —

t h Arabians
e at th pr sent day looked upon
a re e e ,

and justly as a hord f wand ring wild men a

,
e o e -
,

thousand years ago th ir physicians wer among e e

t h most l arned
e f th g ; and
e they wer as o e a e e

s nsibl as l arned we judge f they w r most

e e e , ,
or e e

e nthusiastic advocat s f the fficiency f th bath e o e O e .

Rhaz s f the most eminent f them describ s

e ,
one o o ,
e

a plan f tr ating small pox and m asles which

o e -
e

would scarc ly be modified by th most zealous

e e

advocat f wat r tr atm nt at th pr sent day

e o e e e e e .

Avic nna and M h n with others may b m

e es es, ,
e en

t i ed as holding similar v iews

on .

T h bath was m ch us d in p stil nces by this

e u e e e

nation and was largely mployed in C onstanti

,
e

n p l in t h
o fi fteenth century
e e .

Mo d ern Bath i ng Cu stoms — Thr e c nturies . e e

ago public vapor baths w r v ry numerous in

,
e e e

Paris being conn cted with barb r hops as are

,
e e S ,

many baths in this country at th pres nt time e e .

According to Dr B ll Paris can till boast f a . e ,

S o

great number f bathin g stablishments H o e . e

stat s that in th baths connected with the city

e e

hospitals nearly thousand baths w r d e e a

minister d in a single year to out door patients

e -
.

Doubtless thos t r ate d in t h hospitals w re duly

e e e e

wash d and steam d as w ll This is certainly a

e e e .

v ry mark d contrast with what w see in th

e e e e

h i
O S
p t l in this country
a s at the pres nt day e .

Notwithstanding the advance s in many othe r

54 US E S O F WA T E R .

particulars f hospital management the cuticles

o ,

O f pati ents are sadly n glected In some f our e . o

l argest hospitals the fil t h i f many patients

,
ness o

is so gr at that close proximity to them is b

e a so

l t l y intol rable
u e H al f a dozen f th m plac d
e . o e ,
e

in a warm room sp dily impart to th air a f ,

ee e e

tor unequaled by any thing but the ffl i aris e uv a

ing from a neglect d pig sty S uch n gl ct is e -

. e e

in xcusable
e .

T h Germans f lden time were very fond f

e o O o

bathing according to their historical r cords and

, e ,

d ring the Middle Ages wh n plagu d by th l p

u ,
e e e e

rosy the national faith in the virtu s f t h bath

,
e o e

was manif st d by making it a r ligious duty It

e e e .

is relat d f C harl emagne that he us d to hold

e o e

his court in a hug warm bath Mode n T utons e . r e

seem less partial to th bath having transf rr d e ,

e e

th ir fondn ss from q p
e e to lag r be r a ua a ra e e .

A lthough the bath was very fre ely used in

E ngland whil t h i sland w occupi d by the
e e as e

R omans who erect d commodious baths like

,
e

thos in R om th whol som practic is now

e e, e e e e

sadly neglect d by th E nglish p opl i f we may

e e e e,

credit their w writ rs o n e .

It is a curious fact that th bath s ems to be e e

quite gen rally n gl ct d by t h most civiliz d

e e e e e e

races while it is almost univ rsally mploy d by

,
e e e

those less advanced nations t h Russians Turks ,

e , ,

Finlanders and th inhabitants f P rsia E gypt

,
e O e , ,

B rb ry and Hindost n
a a ,
The F inland rs make a . e
 H IS T O R Y O F WAT E R C UR E . 55

gr at use f the sweating bath T nearly every

e o . o

house is attached a small sweat house where they -

,

subj ct th mselv s to a temp rature f mor than

e e e e o e

1 60 F o ften emerging at once into an atmos

°
.
,

p h much
e re below fr zing with apparent i m p ee ,
u

n ity The Turkish and Russian baths similar to

.
,

which are thos in e in E gypt and India e us ,

a re

els where described

e .

T h North Am rican Indians mploy th bath

e e e e

f
or many diseases T h y have original and p l . e ec u

iar ways f administering both wat r and vapor

o e

baths The most common bath among th m is t h

. e e

vapor followed by a plunge into a neighboring

,

str am They gen rat the steam by pouring

e . e e

wat r upon hot stones whil th y are inclo ed in

e e e s

a small close hut mad f mud or skins The

,
e o .

native Mexicans secure a hot air bath by nfin -

co

i ng themselv s in a brick sw at ho s which is

e e -
u e

h ated by f
e ou t side Th s savag s se m
a u rn a c e . e e e e

to hav t h most implicit confid nce in the fli

e e e e

cacy f th bath always employ ing it when ill

o e , ,

and with excell nt succ ss e e .

Mod ern Medi cal U s e o f Water I the early .

-
n

part f t h eighte nth century a S icilian

o e e ,

named Fra B ernado acquired th title f cold e o

water doctor from his exclusive use f cold water

$
o

in treating th ick e S .

At th very beginning f the ighteenth cen

e o e

tury F l y published a history f bathing which

, o er o

co ntain cc ounts f many remarkable c res ef

s a o u v
56 US ES O F W AT E R .

fe c t ed by means f the bath wh ich he m o ,

re c o

m nd d as most efficient cure f num rous

e e a or e

diseas s e .

A M H ancock a cl rgyman published in

r .
,
e , ,

1 7 2 2 a tract ntitl d
,
C ommon W ater t h B st e e , e e

C f Fevers Anoth r writ r in a work n $

u re o . e e ,
e

titl d T h C uriositi s f C m m W ater pub

e , e e O
'

o on ,
$

l i h d in 1 7 2 3 speaks f wat r as an exc llent

s e ,
o e
$
e

rem dy which will perform cur s with very littl

e e e

tro ble and without any charg and may be

u , e,
$

truly styl d an u iversal rem dy B oth Fr nch

e ,
n e .
$
e

and G rman writers w r z alously advocating

e e e e

the f wat r as a rem dy f

u se O many disea es e e or s

at this sam p riod Many f th Fr nch sur e e . o e e

geons had also discov red th immense utility f e e o

wat r in s rgery receiving their first lessons f

e u ,
o

instruction from an ignorant and superstitious

miller who us d water in conjunction with
,
e

ch rms a .

In th latt r part f th last century D Jack

e e o e ,
rs .

son and C rrie ach p blished reports f cases f

u e u o o

f v r in w hich th y h d found th
e e f th bath e a e u se o e

a r medy f r markable fficacy D C urri b

e o e e . r . e o

t i
a ne d m any follow rs f a tim b t no v ry e or e, u e

d ep impre sion was mad upon th public mind

e s e e ,

though his cas s wer auth ntic and w r v ry e e e ,

e e e

ably r ported e .

Abo t th d f t h first quart r f t h pres

u e en o e e o e

e n t century a native f G f b g Prussia by ,

o rae e n er , ,

the nam f Priessnitz met with an accide t by

e o ,
n
 H IS T O R Y O F WAT E R C U RE . 57

which three f his ribs were broken H treat d

o . e e

h imself by applications f cold water and t h en o ,

tri d the sam remedy upon others in imilar

e e S

cas s H i success encouraged him to make f

e .
'

s ur

ther experiments and th ough an ignorant peas ,

ant his natural acuteness enabled him to devise

,

various means f applying water to the b ody or ,

and to suit the application to different di eases s .

H i increasing success attracted numerous p

s a

t i t and his fam becam in a f w years world

e n s, e e, e ,

wide Many f his methods w ere v ry rud and

. O e e,

his ignorance f m dical science ften led him in

o e O

to errors ; but h succeed d in restoring to health e e

hundreds f pati nts whose maladies had been

O e

pronounced inc rable u .

The interest in the new method became so

grea t that numerous oth r individuals eq ally ig e ,
u

no ra nt and poss ssing less shrewdness undertoo k e ,

to imitate the German innovator S ome f them . o

were successful many f them were not ; all were,

o

alike n committing numerous blunders through

I

ignorance f sci ntific m dicine B t th public

O e e . u e

attention was called to th utility f water as a ,

e o

r medial agent so forcibly that a powerful im

e

press on was produced in its favor From t h at

i .

time until the pr sent the use f water has been e ,

o

largely in the hands f unscientific empirics who o

have advocated it as a sp cific and emp l oyed it e ,

to the exclusion f other remedies in a great de o

gree This cours e together with many other gross

.

r
,

W at e . E
58 U SE S O F WAT E R .

errors connect d with the practice has deterre d

e ,

scientific physicians from employing it su ffi ciently

to test its merits only in a f w xceptional i ,
e e n

stances .

The friends f Pri ssnit claim d f h im a o e z e or

great discov ry ; but as we hav s n he die e ee , s cov

ered nothing which was not known a century b e

fore i f not indeed som thousands f years pre

, , ,
e o

i
v ou s It i doing Priessnitz no injustic to say
. s e

that he did little or nothi g toward stablishing n e

principl s but follow d chi fly a routin m thod

e ,
e ,
e , e e

of practic e .

S ome sci ntific me m b rs f the m dical p f

e e o e ro e s

sion have investigat d the subj ct in some d e e e

gree how ver at various tim s and the result

,
e ,
e ,

has be n t h at at the present d y th utility f

e a , e O

water is a w ll recogniz d fac t and it is n w

e -
e ,
o

Often pr scrib d in th e tandard t xt books as an

e e S e -

excellent r m dy f many diseas d conditions

e e or e .

Y t that th ere is still a want f appreciation f

e ,
o o

the r medy is fully att sted by t h infr qu ncy

e e e e e

of its by the r gular pro f ssion This n glect

u se e e . e

may b d in part to a pr judice which th

e ue e e

m embers f the regular pro f ssion ha e acquired

o e v ,

on accoun t f the q ack ry which has too o ften

o u e

been con ected with th n f this remed y ,

e u se o .

Nev rtheless there is no good reason why an eff

e ,
i

cient remedial agent should be su ffered to receive

the stigma which properly attaches onl y to those
Wh responsible f its abuse
o a re or .
 RE ME DI AL P R O P ER TIE S .

THEvalue f a drug is judged by its medicinal

o

prop rties The more properti s it has and the

e . e ,

m ore powerful its action the more valuabl it , e

is consid red to b We n d not h r enter in

e e . ee e e

to a discussion f the nature f medicinal proper

o o

ties ince there is no question among scientific

,
S

physicians that th medicinal properties

,
— e SO

called f drugs or their effects upon the human

— o ,

system in diseases in general the r sult f ,

a re , , e O

vital resistance on the part f the S yst m an t o e ,

a

tempt to expel or remove th poison or d fend e ,

e

itself against it Water also possesses remedial

.

properties some f which are due to vital r sist

,
o e

ance while others g ew out f the aid which it

,
r o

affords the vital organs by its physical properties .

A its value as a curative agent d pends upon

S e

these properti s it is important to know what

e ,

they are .

R f ig e r nt R frigerant or antiphlogistic
er a . e

medicines are used f the purpose f diminishing or o

the heat f the body The most they can do is

o .

to d press and paraly e the vital forces as to

SO e z

diminish the p od ti n f ani mal heat Water

r uc o O .
,

when applied at a proper temperature any t m -

e c

p t
e ra u re less than 9 8 not only diminishes the °
-

p odu ction of heat but removes th e superfluous

r ,
60 U SE S OF WATE R .

heat by condu ction There is not a drug in the

.

whole materia medica that will diminish the tem

p t f
e ra u r e othe body so readily and so e fficiently
as water How this is effected has been previ
.
,

ou sl y e x plained in considering the physiological

eff cts f water
e o .

S d ti v
e a — Drugs th administration f which
e
.
,
e o

is followed by a diminished l ti n f the heart ac o o ,

are termed sedativ s They comprise the most e .

powerful poisons kn own Their sedative e ffects .

are t h r sult f their poisonous influence upon

e e o

th e hear t or the nerve cent rs controlling it e .

W at r is a much more e fficient sedative and its

e ,

use is n ver followed by poisonous eff cts as is

e e ,

the use f sedative drugs the action f w hich

o , o

is ften very unc rtain B y the cool or cold bath

O e .
,

th epulse may ften be r duced t wenty to forty

O e

beats in a f w mi nutes e

T ni ao — Wat r may be used in su c h a way as

e

to increase th rapidity f the circulation and the

e o

temperature very q ickly and powerfully The u .

hot bath is a most effi cient stimulant in the true ,

s nse f the word It will excite the circula

e O . SO

tion as to increase the pulse from seventy to one

hundred and fi fty in fifteen minutes The tonic .

effects f a cool bath are well appreciated by l l

o a

who hav e ever enjoyed it .

A n dy n eo — C ertain drugs are call ed anodyne

because they diminish nerv ous sensibility thus ,

reli eving pain Water app l ied in the form f a

. o
 RE ME D A I L PRO PE RT I E S . 61

hot fom ntation will not infrequently give relief

e

when every drug has failed Appli d in various . e

other ways it is very e ffectual in allaying nerv

,

ou s irritability .

A n ti p n di —
s N rem dy is so certainly
a sr o c . O e

successful in hysterical conv lsions as water In u .

i nfantile convulsions its success is also unrival d ,

e .

In cramp and even in puerperal convulsions its

, ,

utility has been well demonstrated .

A t i ng n t
s r — Th v l f cold water in ar
e e
f
a ue o

resting hemorrh age is well attested by all physi

L a cca ti c e — U sed in various ways wat r
.
,
e Is

very e ffectual in producing movement f the o

bowels but never occasions those violent and n

,
u

pleasant symptoms which accompany and suc

ceed the use f purgatives o .

E m ti c
e — In the great majority f cases no o ,

other emetic is needed and no better can be ,

found .

E l i m i n ti ve — W t is a most perfect l im i
a m
a er e

native It dissolves the excrementitious and

.

other foreig n el ments f the blood and thus ma e o ,

t i ll y aids in their elimination

er a H enc it is a . e,

very use ful di p h r ti increasing the action fa o e c, o

the skin and is equally valuable as a di ti

,
-

u re c,

having the same effect upon the kidneys .

A lt er ati v —For a long period mercury has

e
.
,

been considered as the champion alterative f the o $

materia medica I t must yiel d the place to w a .

62 US E S OF W AT E R .

ter however ; f the most it can do is to destroy

,
or

th el ments f the blood while water not only

e e o ,

accel rates waste but increases construction in

e ,

th esame proportion according to the Xp i ,

‘
e er

ments f Prof L i big o . e .

D i v ti ve
er On f t h most important prop
a — e o e

er ti f water applications is th ir powerful de

es O e

riv t i v e ffect
a N o ther application int rnal or
e . O ,
e

e xternal can qual them in fficiency and cer

,
e e

tainty f action o .

Th re e v ry f w ag nts which possess so

a re e e e

many r medial properties as water T h ere are

e .

non which ff ct so much with so littl exp ns

e e e e e e

to the vital po w rs f the patient Many dr gs e o . u

will prod ce r sults similar to thos btain d by

u e e O e

the use f water and thus accomplish good no

o , ,

doubt but at t h sam tim they ften work so e e e, O

much mischief in th syst m that t h vil done e e e e

is fr qu tly much greater than the good a com

e en e

p l i hs d Teh aim .f t h faith ful

e physician should o e

b e to accomplish f his patient th greatest or e

amount f good at the l ast xp ns f vitality

o e e e e o

and it is an indis p table fact that in a large num u

b er o f cases water is j ust t h agent w ith which e

this d sirabl end can be obtained

e e .

Tes ti mo ny O f E mi nent Ph y s c i ans — Th tes i . e

ti m i on esf C rrie J ackson and numerous

o u , ,

other physicians f the last c ntury have alr ady o e e

been quoted in favor f water There are nu o .

m ero u s practitioners f the present day who r o a e

 R E M E DIA L PRO PE RT I ES . 63

equally favorable to this remedial agent P . er

haps we cannot do better than to quote from the

H l th R f m
ea t h following paragraphs f an
e or er e o

abstract r port f a paper read be fore the New

e o

York Acad my f m dicine by Pro f Austin e o e , .

Flint M D president f th society the title f

, . .
,
o e ,
O

the paper being The Researches f C urrie and ,

o ,

R ecent Views C oncerning the U f C old se o

W ater
C urrie mployed cientific methods in b
e v s O s er

ing th phenom na f disease H was one f

e e o . e o

the first to employ the thermometer in s tudying

disease and his bser vations can be received as
,
O

r liable
e .

$
T h use f wat r xternally as a means f
e o e e O

r ducing the t mpera ture f the body in di ease

e e o s

has r cently be n coming quite prominently in

e e

to notice According to L iebermeister a noted

.
,

Ger man medical author C rrie was th first to ,

u e

syst matiz th
e f water
e H i wor k was e u se o . s

published n 1 7 97 L i bermeister in his recent

I . e ,

ar ti cl on ty phoid f v r accords to cold water

e e e ,

the first plac in importance as an article f e o r re

d in g t h
uc t m pe ature The e f water f
e r . u se O or

this purpos is at present at tracting much atten

e

t ion ; and it is safe to pr dict that i t w i l l n e s oo

occu
py a n i mp o r ta n t p l a ce a s a r em ed i a l a en t
g .

$
Much ha m has been done by th rude em
r e

p i ri c i s m of Priessnitz and the various water ,

cu res in th e co u ntry ; thou gh mu ch good h as

64 US E S O F WAT E R ;

al so been accompl ished by the latter institutions ,

and they have in a measure prepared the public

m ind f th general introduction f water as a
or e o

remedial agent .

$
After t h publication f the views f C urrie
e o o

in 1 7 97 his m thod f practic which was chief

,
e o e,

l y hydropathic became quite general but it was , ,

soon nearly forgotten Trousseau recommended .

water tr atment in scarlatina and the use f the

e , o

remedy has continued to be ecommend d in the r e

text books ; but as a measure f treatment in

-
o

practice it has become nearly bsolete It is

,
O .
,

however bvious that unless we acc pt the h

,
O e a

s rd proposition that diseases have changed since

u

C rri s time the remedy which he r commend

’
u e , e

e d highly must be just as effi cient n w as then

so o .

Dr C urrie made use f the cold do che in

. o u

fevers applying it vigorously to th patient while

,
e

in the height f the fever and continuing it until o ,

the temperature became d creased as indicat d e ,

e

by the th rmometer and t h pulse He tr ated

e e . e

seven cases f contin ed fever by this method o u

at the L iverpool Infirmary All recovered In . .

an epid mic f typhoid fever among a regiment

e o

o f troops h treated fifty eight cases us ng th

,
e -
,
i e

cool tepid douche in all but two cases The lat .

ter died The r maining fifty i recovered th

. e -
S x ,
e

disease being greatly shortened in more than half

the cases .

$
Dr C rrie asserted that in small p x the
. u ,
-
o ,
 R E ME D A I L P R O P E RT I E S . 65

use f the bath afforded instant relief to th p

o e a

tient and caused the disease to assume a benig

,

nant form .

H found the cold bath always e ff ctual in

e e

tetanus and convulsions as also i n hyst ria ,

e .

In t m p v insanity from the use f liquor

e o ra r O ,

this acute bs rver found that the cold plunge

O e

was the most fli i nt r medy f th w rst cas s

e c e e or e o e .

B t Dr C urr s practic was not confined to

$ ’
u . ie e

col d water H b rv d that affusion with t p

. e o
~
se e e

id water was not only a mor pl asant applica e e

tion b t that it was ev n more eff ctual in

u e e re

du cin g unnatural heat than cold water as it pro ,

du ce d no reaction not b ing at all stimul ating ,

e

in character .

With regard to the efficacy f this agent Dr

$
o ,
.

C urrie stated that by its in fevers the pulse u se

would be reduced thirty or forty beats with a ,

corresponding decreas f temp rat r and l e o e u e a

most immediat ly r lief f headache e e O .

In h i second volume published som six

s ,
e

years after his first volume Dr C urrie d clared , . e

that although his exp rience in the f wat r e u se o e ,

especially in f vers had b n very ext nsive he

e ,
ee e ,

had had only four fatal cases in which water was

employ d and had never met with a single evi
e ,

dence f its being in the l ast degree bj ti

O e O ec ona

bl or injurious
e Neither had he found that it
.

had b en thought to be objectionable by those

e

whom he had treated He det ils a very i nter . a

66 US E S O F W AT E R .

esting account f his treatment f scarl atin in

o o a

t h cases f his two sons aged respe tively three

e o , , c ,

and fiv years H gave th old r in thirty two

e . e e e ,
-

hours fo rteen affusions vary ing from cold to

,
u ,

t pid T w elv wer found to be su fficient f

e . e e or

the younger one B oth became convalesc nt in . e

three days .

It was established by C urrie that by the use

o f water the course f typhoid fever may be b o a

b vi t d
re a e This is not even claimed f the
. or

modern remedies in common use .

In referring to his own experience in th use . e

o f wat r D F remarked
e ,
The relation f my
r . .
, o

own experience will f n c ssity be stated in a o e e

f w words as my employ ment f the remedy

e ,
o

has hereto fore been much mor limited than it e

will be in the future if my life is spared He .

’

th n relat d some very inter sting cases in whi h

e e e c

he had employ d wat r as th chi f remedy withe e e e

the most xcellent succ ss H also too k occa

e e . e

sion to recommend as one f the b st means f ,

O e o

applying water in fevers th wet sheet pack as ,

e -

e mployed in the various hydropathic instit tions u

o f the country H had us d the continued cold

. e e

pack in a n mber f the worst cas s f sun stro k e

u o e o -

in B ellvue H ospital with marked success This .

remedy is still mployed ther in this class f e e O

cases .

In a case f obstinate remitt nt f v r which

o e e e ,

w a no t in the l e ast bene fited by the tho rou gh

s
 RE ME D A I L PRO PE RT I E S . 67

use quinia he employed th cool pack thirty

of ,
e

fiv times in a week continuing ach application

e ,
e

from t to thirty minut s and always with great

en e ,

reli f to th pati nt although he finally died $p

e e e ,
er

haps from the hug dos s f quinin pr viouslygiv e e o e e

en] H xpressed the pinion th at if h had m

. e e O e e

ployed the pack mor thoroughly making the p e ,

a

plications longer and more frequent the patient ,

might have recovered .

C urrie announced tru th ory when h said ,

a e e e

that th v i f n te h ld n t b
o ce o p d d a u re s ou o e su er s e e

lgy th i H advocat d the fr

eo r es . use f water
e e ee o

as a b verag in febrile dis as $fever] as an im

e e e es

portant rem dial agent Dr F unhesitatingly

e . . .

advanc d the belief that th chi f benefit d rived

e e e e

from the numerous mineral waters so largely used

was only that which was d to the properties ue

o f pure water H stated as proo f that it was

. e

not long sinc d monstrated by chemical n l y

e e a a

sis that t h only thing peculiar about th water

e e

o f a certain spring famous f medicinal virtues , or ,

was its rem arkable purity H also sugg ste d . e e

th e introduction f distilled water f cooking o or

and drinking purpos s as a necessary sanitary e

m asure
e .

Dr F th n related a remarkabl case f acut

. . e e o e

inflammation f th kidneys in which the patient

o e

exhibit d the characteristic symptoms f poison

e o

ing from the retention f rea After other rem o u .

di es wer e tried in vain th e patient s l i fe w as

’

,
68 US E S OF WAT E R .

saved by the simpl e administration f water a o as

beverage at short intervals The diuretic effects .

o f the wat r soon washed away the poison and

e

gave i mmediate r lief e .

$

After th conclusion f th paper by Dr

$
e o e ,
.

Flint the ven rable Dr Rich ards aros and gave

,
e . e

his experience in th f wat r H i ideas f e u se o e . s o

hydropathy were obta i ed wh n h has a young n e e

man from Dr C urrie s work s H adopted th

,
.
’
. e e

practice f Dr C at that time in an epi d mic f

o . . e o

typhoid fever and with such remarkable succ ss

,
e

as to a tonish l d practition rs H stat d that

s O e . e e

he had c r d more than one hundred cases f b

u e o O

sti t constipation by
na e mply directi g th p Si n e a

tient to drink a glass f cold water half an hour o

b fore break fast each morning In one f these

e ,
. o

cases the patient had not had a natural passag e

from the bowels f a number f years ; but he or o

was ffect ally cured by the simple remedy men

e u ,

t i n d in the co rs
o e f a f w months
,
u e o e .

Dr L y l gave an interesting
$
. o me f t n
e re su o e

years experience in the use f wat r with uni

’
o e ,

form success especially i n convulsions and scar

,

latina H had mployed water alone in about

. e e

one hundr d cas s f acute inflammation f t h

e e o o e

kidneys and dropsy a fter scarlatina and with ,

wonderf l succ ss in every case H had found

u e . e

it qually successful in coma restoring conscious

e ,

ness when life was apparently extinct During .

the late war he on one occasion renovated twenty

,
 R E ME D A I L PRO PE RT IE S . 69

ambulance l oads f exhausted soldiers who h d

o a

fallen on the march by the j udicious use f water

,
o .

He recommended water most highly as an excel

lent diur tic and a capital reg ulator f the bow
e o

els f superior to after dinner pills H com

, ar -
.
’
e

mended i t also as an efficient remedy f sun or

stro ke and frozen f et e .

The sentiment f the audience which was

$ — o

wholly composed f medical gentlemen was o—

Shown by the h arty applause with which the

e

remarks f each sp ak r were received

o e e .
$

W m igh t add much other m dical testimony

e e

but as w could giv e no higher au t hority than the

e

distinguished Dr Flint who stands at the head

.
,

of medical practice in America bei n g author f ,

o

the standard A merican text boo k on practical -

m dicine we wi l l not weary the reader with f

e ,
ur

ther quotations The German physicians as well

.
,

as German medical works abound with tributes ,

to the value f water American medical jour

o .

n l are full
a s f accoun ts f the beneficial result
o o s

following its use in fevers and numerous other

diseased conditions .

In surgery the employment f water is rapidly

, o

gaining entire precedence It has replaced nearly .

all other kinds f dressing f wounds and its

o or ,

u se h sav ed a v aluabl e l imb to many a poor f

as su

ferer who must other wise hav e submitted to m a

putation .

I n h ort where v er it is faith full y and in t l l i

s , e
 U SE S OF WAT E R .

gently app l ied Water is working wonders Y t

, . e

it is still little used in comparison with its im

portance E specially is its use neglected in
.

chronic diseas s The only r ason w have been

e . e e

able to discover f this neglect f a remedy the

or o ,

merits f which are so well d monstrated and

o e

generally acknowl dged is that its use is more

e ,

troublesome and laborious than the use f drugs O

A half dozen purgative pills are administ red

-
e

m uch more easily than an nema Th d m in i

e . e a s

t ti
ra on o f a diaphoretic powder f m ore con IS ar

v ni
e ent than a pack A blist r is easi r to manage
. e e

than a fomen tat ion B t t h true physician who

. u e ,

has at heart the real good f his patient w ill not o ,

sacrifice the safety or comfort f the latter to his o

own personal convenience .

 E RR O R S l N WATE R CU R E .

MU C H o f the prejudice against the use f water o

in treating disease has grown out f abuses f o o

the remedy and the putting forward f absurd

,
o

claims by ignorant p ersons pro f ssi g to under e n

stand its In ord r to vindicate the char

u se . e

acter f this pow rful curativ ag nt it is

o e e e ,
n e c es

sary to expos the rrors d ignorance f those e e an O

Wh hav abus d it
o e e .

—
Col d Water Doc tors I th arly days f .
-
n e e o

the modern water cure practice which was very -

,

largely introduced by Priessnitz cold water was ,

the universal r medy No matter what the nat e .

ure f the disease or the condition or t mper

o ,
e

ament f the patient the remedy was the same

o ,
.

At the establishmen t f the G f nb g doctor o rae e er ,

ice cold do ches precipitated from a h ight f six

-
u ,
e O

teen to ighteen f et the plung dir ctly supplied

e e ,
e, e

by the cold mountain springs and t h hower ,

e S

bath f the same temp rature were all dm ini

o e ,
a s

te re d to pati nts with little discrimination f mod

e o

ify i ng circ mstances in rooms unwarmed by arti

u ,

fi i l h at e ven in the de pths f the coldest moun

c a e , o

t in winters A G f nb g was th source

a . S rae e er e

whence most water doctors f that time drew their o

knowl edge th e same pra ctice w as pu r ued el se

,
s
72 U SE S OF WAT E R .

where The unreasonableness f such a course

. o

was perceived by the more judicious and thus ,

its influence was prejudicial .

Heroi c Treatment — S uch treatment as that

describ d in the preceding paragraph could not
e

result otherwise than disastrously in n merous u

cases The evil e ffects were sometimes seen at

.

onc but more frequ ntly th y app ared after

e, e e e

p riods more or less r mote In s om cas s p

e e . e e ,
a

ti t w re led to drink tw nty or thirty glasses

en s e e

o f cold wat r b fore br ak fast under t h

e absurd
e e ,
e

doctrine that the evils f a small excess would be O

cur d by gr ater indulgenc H undreds f per

e e e . o

sons adop t d t h practice f daily bathing n cold

e e o I

wat r in a cold room even in the coldest w ather

e ,
e .

A f w even went so f as to spring from their

e ar

warm b ds on the coldest mornings run to a

e ,
~

neighboring brook in a state f nudity d o ,

an

plunge into its frigid waters through a hol in the e

ice S in fatuated w re these enthusiasts they

. o e ,

really thought they enj oy d this refrigerating e

process ; but generally a f w years continuance

, , e
’

f it was suffici nt to produce such a sedative $

o e

effect upon their systems that som became the e

victims f consumption and other constitutional

o

dis ases while others were compelled to discon

e ,

t in the practic from absolute inability to con

ue e

tinn e it A f w f the more vigorous were ena

. e o

bl ed to survive th is violent treatment without p a

parent injury f a long time ; b t thos f or u e o

 E RRO R S IN W AT E R C URE . 73

weaker vital po w ers soon showed the results f o

its evil ff cts e e .

B y such proc ss s tog ther with the cold sitz e e ,

e

bath th d y pack and oth r harsh measures the

,
e r ,
e ,

pati nt was sometime brought to the very verge

e s

of t h grav e e .

S trang as it may appear those who have been

e ,

the strong st oppon nts f th f Water e e o e u se o ,

th ms lves afford th b st instances f its xcess

e e e e o e

iv e For instan in a case f low typhus

u se . c e, o

f v r a r gular physician ord red the patient

e e ,
e e ,

, a young woman to be i m mers d in cold water f ,

e or

hal f an hour T h a tt ndants attempt d to carry . e e e

out the pr scription but in a f w mo m ents her e ,

e

sympto m s b cam so alar m ing that the patient e e

was r mov d from t h bath It will not be con

e e e .

sid d r markabl that she di d

e re A prominent
e e e .

N w York physician a pro f ssor f practice in

e ,
e o

one f th larg st medical coll g s Am rica in

o e e e e In e ,

a r port f a cas f r mitt nt f v r which he

e O e O e e e e

h d tr at d with wat r said that b administer d

a e e e ,
e e

thi ty fi cold packs in a w k The p tient

r -
ve ee . a

di d ; b t t h doctor thought that if h had been

e u e e

1 '
mo thorough in his t atm nt giving mor
re re e ,
e

packs d long r on s h would hav l iv d A

an e e ,
e e e . n

o th pro f ssor f a rival coll g in the sam

er e ,
o e e e

city c ited in a public l cture a cas f pne mo

, ,
e ,
e o u

nia which was tr at d hydropathically by a reg e e

ular physician f not T h pati nt while v ry o e . e e ,

e

fe bl w e plac d in a cold b th He was tak en

e, as e a .

W a ter . F
74 US E S O F W AT E R .

out shivering and d ied an hour afterward H i, . s

conclusion was th at w at r was a v ry hazardous e e

rem dy W woul d c rtainly agr with th

e . e e ee e

pro fessor s conclusion if t h cas cit d w r an

’
e e e e e

example f th p p f wat r
o In the p
e ro er u s e o e . re

ceding cas w will not say that t h pack s w re

e, e e e

not ben ficial ; but if th y had b en thus us d

e e e e

by a pro fessed hydropa thist th tr atm nt would ,

e e e

have been pronounc d decid dly h roic by g e e e

$
re

u l a rs .

Cris isthe viol nt proc ss s wh ich hav

— By e e e e

been mentioned th pati n t was frequ n tly ,

e e e

brought into a condition simil r t that pro a o

d d by th
u ce l d process f d pl tion by bl d
e O o e e ee

ing antimony m rcury and purgati es Painful

, ,
e ,
v .

Skin eruptions boils and carbuncles ft n , , ,

O e co v

ered the whole body A c te pains rack d th . u e e

body f th patient from h ad to foot If he

o e e .

survived this crisis h usually got well which ,

e ,

was regarded as an evid nce f t h salutary f e o e e

fe t f the crisis and

c o it became an important ,
SO

Obj ct to be attain d ; and th wors a p ati nt

e e e e e

f lt the mor c rtain and sp edy h was

e ,
e e e ,
e en c o u r

ag d to beli v wo ld b his recov ry N

e e e, u e e . O ac

count was tak n f the imm ns wast f vital e o e e e o

energy during th se pain ful morbid processes e .

Th f th abdominal bandage continu d

e u se o e , e

f a long tim until an ruption is produc d is

or e e e ,

ano ther means by whic h some have sought to f e

fe t a cure f their patients

e This co rse is pur
o . u ,
 E RR O R S IN W AT E R C UR E . 75

sued under the belief th at the discharge occurring

from the surface which thus becomes diseased is
a vicarious means f removing impurities from o

th system n absurd notion which no one

e — a ao

q i t
ua n e d with the first principles f ph y siology o

and surgical pathology could entertain f a mo or

ment .

Hy d ro path i c $ u ac k s — U n fortunately f the . or

r p tation f water as a remedy its use has

e u o
/
,

b en larg ly in the hands f empirics w h have

e e o o

used it in a routine mann r and have su pposed e ,

it to be a cure all and t h only remedy f any -

,
e o

value At least such have been the claims made

.
,

f it
or This has served to bring it into disreput
. e,

t h disgrac wh ich ought to attach to individuals

e e

b ing applied by an undiscri m inating public to

e

the innocent victim f abuse o .

Ignoranc e The g eat st bane f all has been

— r e o

the ignoranc f those who have professed to

e o

be qualifi d to administer water as a remedy

e

understandingly Priessnitz himsel f was an ig .

n o ra nt peasant H was innocent f eith r ana

. e o e

t m i l or urgical knowl dg
o ca s H i slight e e . s ao

qu aintance w ith physiology was gathered by

cursory obs r ations f patients O f the ffects
e v O . e

o f water he kn w more studying them with a e ,

good d gr f acut ness H i lam ntable want

e ee o e . s e

o f kno w l dge allow d him to fall into many

e e er

r o rs It is relat d f him t h at h tr at d hop

. e o e e e e

l ess cas s f soli d nc h y l osis f jo i nts jus t s

e O a o a
76 US E S O F WA T E R .

though they were mer cases f stiffness from e o

rheumatism C as s f hop less organic dis as . e o e e e,

h pronounced curable and submitted to long but

e

unavailing tr a tment not k w m g th real nat e ,

no e

u re o f the diseas A young lady died f what e . o

h supposed an i nt rn l abscess
e N abscess was e a . O

found upon which he r marked that

,
h had e
$
S e

t O short a neck f long lif $

O or e .

It could b no wonder then that t h d isciples e , , e

O f such a master sho ld be sadly lacking in m any u

O f thos quali fications essential f

e a successful or

physician no matter what th r m dies mployed

,
e e e e .

T h most lam ntable f atur

e f th matt r is t hat e e e o e e

t h sam ignoranc has continu d to b with f w

e e e e e, e

e xc ptions charact ristic f thos who have em

e ,
e o e

ploy d wat r as a remedy ; this has been espe

e e

i l l y disastrous b cause a man with t h

c a at ive e e n

sh r wdn ss and acut n ss f perception f Priess

e e e e O o

nitz h rar ly app ared in th ranks f h y d p

as e e e o ro

a th is ts .

A Po pu l ar E rror is a gri vous popular .

—I t e

error that any one can app ly water as skill

fully as t h most xp ri n c d phys c an and th at
e e e e e i i ,

its succ s ful r quir s no knowle dg f th

es u se e e e o e

structur and functions f t h human body N

e o e . O

do bt this has gro w n out f anoth r rror p

u o e e ,
er

haps qu it as common ; viz that wat r i so im

e .
,
e s S

p l a r
e m dy that it w
e ill do no
e harm i f it do s no e

g ood S uc h notions
. h ave fr qu n tly l d to most e e e

d a
i s tro s r
s ults Wa t er
u as al rea d y
es s h own . is n , ,
o e
 E RRO R S IN W AT E R C UR E .
77

o mo t p ow rf l r m di s And whil it i
f th e s e u e e e . e s,

u ndoubt dly f af r in t h h an d f th
e ,
d
ar s e e s o e u ne

t d th an b l ist rs p rgativ s diur tics and

u ca e e ,
u e ,
e ,

such agents as pium chlo al lcoho l and most o ,

r ,
a ,

other drugs yet it c rtainly r quir s car ful

,
e e e e us

a
g and
e, t h mor sci nt i fic knowl d
eg t h us r e e e e e e

possess s th mor skill f lly wil l h be abl e to

e ,
e e u e

ap p ly it It is furth rmor tr that a gr at

.
,
e e, ue e

majority f ordi ary dis as s o commonly so n e e a re

void f d g o d car ful nursing and bygi

an
‘

er u n er e

e ni manag m nt that t h application f wat r is

o e e e o e

a simpl matt r which any int llig nt moth r can

e e e e e

perform successful l y A cas is r lat d by good . e e e

authority f a person who f l l in apo plexy an

O e

hour aft r taking an xc ssiv ly hot ba th A n

e e e e .

oth r pati nt b ca m a paralytic f om t h same

e e e e r e

cause W at r is a r m dy which cannot b saf ly

. e e e e e

us d by one who has not inform d hims lf f its

e e e o

e ffects and f the pro per mod s f application

, o e o .

Abs u rd Cl aims S ensible peopl hav be n —

e e e

rightfully disgust d with th claims which hav e e e

b en mad by cert ain pret ntious ones f the use

e e e or

o f wat r O d clar s that th bath will dissolve

e . ne e e e

out f the body m ineral substa ces which hav

o n e

b en taken into it Another claims to have b en

e . e

abl by th application f fom ntations to a

e, e o e

rheumat c kn to xtract in r gular ord r th

i ee, e e e e

ointments which had previously been successively

appli d Numerous other claims qually p p
e . e re os

t might b related if it were necessary

ero u s e , ,
78 US E S O F W AT E R .

Th y have all t nd d to xcit a feel ing f con

e e e e e o

temp t f a means f treating disease which is

or o

really worthy f the high st stimation o e e .

Negl ec t o f O th er Remed i es — As has been pre

vi l y r mark ed many se m to hav forgotten
ou s e , e e

that water is not the only rem dy f disease and e or ,

not only attempt to cur very disease by its p e e a

plication but use it to the exclusion f all other

, o

r medi s In nearly all cases sunlight pur air

e e .
, ,
e ,

rest exercise proper food and oth r hygienic

, , ,
e

agencies are quite as impor t nt as water E lec a .

t i i ty too is a remedy which should not b ig

r c , ,
e

nored ; and skill ful surgery is absolut ly indis e

pensable in not a small num b r f cases E ven e o .

drugs are sometim s us f l auxiliari s though e e u e , ,

doubtless infinit ly more harm has result d from

,
e e

the employ m ent f drugs in conjunction with o

water treatm nt than from their O mission e .

R ti n l H y d p th y leav s room f
a o a every ro a e or

other reme dy f value It does not regard water o .

as a specific nor as a panacea b t only as one f ,

u o

the most valuable f numerous excell nt re me o e

dies It discards the erroneous and harmful

.

practices f empirics and ignorant charlatans

o ,

wh ther th y concern water or other ag nts and

e e e ,

gives to the aqueous lement only its d hare e ue S

O f importance .
 AP P L ICATI O NS O F WATER $

THE indications which

. to b met in the a re e

treatment f dis as chiefly thos numerated

o e e are e e

below ; and how admirably th y are m t by p e e a

plications O f wat r may be asily demonstrated e e

by following the dir ctions given e .

1 E q al i ati o n o f Ci r c l ati o n
. u z — Disease can u

not exist without some disturbance f the cir o

culation In perf ct h alth each part receives

. e e

its due hare f blood O n f the first in

S O . e o

di ti
ca in dis as th is to balance t h cir
ons e e, en, e

culation If an organ contains too much blood

.
‘

the application f cold wat er to the part will oc

o

casion contraction f the minute vessels f the o o

part and thus t h amount f blood is lessened as

,
e o ,

explained more at l ngth in consideri g the phys e n

i l g i l e ff cts f wat r
o o ca e O e .

O the part may be relieved by the applica

r,

tion f warm wat r in some form to adjacent or

o e

remote p arts f t h body by which means the

o e , .

surplus blood w ill be drawn to oth r parts th s e ,

u

relievi g the s ff ri g o rgan Again if an organ

n u e n .
,

contains too littl blood the opposit course e ,

e

must b pursu d Warm or hot applications are

e e .

m ade to th par t while cold applications m y be

e ,
a

made to other parts if nec ssary V ry ften the e . e O

80 US E S O F W AT E R .

t wo r m di s may be dvantag ously combin d

e e e a e e ,

since part cannot contain too much blood

one

w itho ut some other part parts being d priv d or e e

of the due proportion n d vi v so that , a ce er s a

while a cold application n ded at one part is ee ,

the opposite is r quir d at another e e .

2 R
. egu l at o n o f Tem peratu re
i — As the n co

dition f the bodily t mperature is clos ly asso

o e e

i t d with that f t h
c a e circulation t h two are
o e ,
e

us ally controll d by the same r m di s app l ied

u e e e e

in the sam manner A part which contains too

e .

much blood has sually also too high a d gr e fu , ,

e e o

heat The cold application r li v s bo t h If t h

. e e e . e

entire surfac f t h body is involv d the ppl i

e o e e ,
a

cation must be as ext nsiv as n c ssary to aff ct e e e e e

the w hol In g n ral f v rs t h admira bl

e . e e e e ,
e e

adaptation f wat r to this d is well xhibit d

o e en e e .

When t h t mp ratur f th body ris s abov

e e e e o e e e

or even above a cooling bath should be

resorted to It may consist f a simpl sponging
. O e

w ith wat r scarcely below t h

e , bodily temp ra e e

ture an affusion with t pid water a full bat h f

'

,
e , o

a tepid temperate or cold t mp ratur or som

, ,
e e e, e

other form f cooling application according to

O

th edegr e f cooling ff ct d sired Any t m

e o e e e . e

p t b
e ra u r e low 9 8 will b
e cooling In g n°
ra l e . e e ,

it is be t ter to mploy a bath only a f w d gre s

e e e e

below the bodily temp ratur as its application e e,

will not be followed by an increase f h at called o e ,

reaction which follows a brief application f

,
o
 A PPL IC AT I O N S O F WAT E R . 81

a cool bath T b t in th pro p r cooling ffects

. O o a e e e

o f a cool or cold bath it must b ontinu d f ,

e c e or

som tim from t minut s to half an hour t

e e, en e ,
a

least T h same r mark app l ies also to th p

. e e e a

pli cation f coo l baths f th purpose f q a l

o or e o e u

izing th circulation e .

3 Re ov l o f
.m a Pa i Pain is usually dep nd
n — . e

ent upon disturbanc f th circulation b ing e o e ,

e

caused by t h pr ssur f fill d vess ls upon

e e e o o v er e e

the n rv in a confin d spac Pain may b

e es e e . e

r lieved by ith r hot or cold applications T h

e e e . e

first bj t should b to r move the surplus blood

O ec e e ,

by local cold applications and remote hot ones If , .

this plan is not succ ssful r lief will be btained e ,

e O

by a hot local applic tion whi ch op rat s by a , e e re

laxing th surrounding tissu s so that th n rv

e e ,
e e e

fib rs e r li v d from pr ssur as well as by

a re e e e e e,

quick ning t h local circulation and so r li vi g

e e ,
e e n

co gestion T h latt r m thod is usually most

n . e e e

quickly successful ; but it is not radically cu SO

ra t iv as th form r
e Pain dependent on passive
e e .

c ong stion will b best reliev d by the method

e e e

nex t described .

4 TO E xc i te Ac tiv ity
. Many organs o ften .

becom torpid or inacti as th skin and

e v e, e

liv r sp cially S om tim s th blood v ssels f

e ,
e e . e e e -
e O

an organ becom r laxed and inactiv passiv e e e, e

co ngestion r sulting N rem dy will so readily

e . O e

induce a return f activity to th affected parts o e

82 US E S O F WA T E R .

as lternat hot and cold applications continued

a e ,

f orsome minutes fifteen to thirty or more This , .

is one f the best applications f the relief f

o or o

O l d pains .

5 Rem ov a
. l b
o f O s ru c t o ns
t i — A very large
class f dis as s are attributabl to obstruction in
o e e e

various organs caused by the reception f for ig n,

o e

matters into the system and t h accumulation f ,

e o

th natural waste f th tiss s The warm

e o e ue .

bath to remove external obstructions and the in

, ,

t rnal
e f water as a solvent f
u se o internal or

sources f bstr ction are the remedies w hich

o O u ,

will achieve s ccess in n arly all cases O ff nd u e . e

ing substances in th stomach readily remov d e a re e

by th wat r em tic ; and hard n d acc mula

e e e e e u

tions in t h large inte stin are r mov d w ith

e e e e

equal facility by m ans f the en ma e o e .

6 Dil tion of th e Bl oo d
. u— I f vers chol h e ,

era and other dis ases th blood ften becomes

,
e ,
e O

abnormally thick n d dark d viscid i e e , ,

an ,
c rc u

lating with difficulty and not imparting d e ,

u

nourishm nt to the tissu s Nothing but wat r

e e . e

can remedy this difficulty It may b got into . e

the blood by absorption from the skin if the m , u

cous m mbrane f th stomach will not absorb it

e o e .

Influence on th e Nervou s S y stem Final ly —

,

it is o ften important to affect c rtain orga s e n

through their n rvous c nters W at r prop e e . e ,

erly applied will accomplish this also A f , . o

 A PPL I C AT I O N S O F WA T E R . 83

m ntation appli d to the abdom n will o ften

e e e re

mov headach and is an xc ll nt remedy f

e e, e e e or

general n rvousn ss s ming to aff ct th whole

e e ,
ee e e

system just as does galvanic el ctricity when p

,
e a

plied to th same locality doubtl ss through t h

e ,
e e

larg nervous ga glia locat d in t hat r gion

e n e e .

S om physicians claim to hav obtained p

e l e ecu

iar r sults by th application f heat or col d to

e e o

the pin It is said f example that cold p

S e .
,
or ,
a

pli d to any portion f the pine will prod ce an

e o S u

increased circulation in the portion f the body o

s uppli d with organic nerves from the part H t

e . o

applications to t h spine said to produce a con e a re

t e
ra r
y ff ct pon correspondingeorgans P erhaps
u .

ther should b still furth r bs r ations upon this

e e e O e v

subject before any att mpt is mad to stablish $

e e e

a d finite law It is w ll known that applications

e . e

o f ice to the spine is an xcellent rem dy f e e or

chorea and several other nervous diseases

,
.

For general n rvous irritability or n rvous e ,

e

ness the w m full bath may b appli d with

,
ar e e

uni form success N ither hot nor cold applica . e

tions are gen rally useful in such cases e .

Te mperatu re O f Bath s — The thermom ter is e

t h only accurat m asure f temp ra ture henc

e e e o e e

t h importance f its use n the administration f

e o I o

baths Y t the th rmometer may be abused A

. e e .

giv n temp rature may seem warm to one indi

e e

vidual and t pid or cool to another The same e .

differenc f sensation will occur in the same in

e o
84 US E S O F W AT E R .

dividual on di ff r nt occa ions W h at s ms cool e e s . ee

to day wi l l b th ght warm to morro w T h

-
e ou -
. e

s usc ptib ili ty f t h bo dy to s nsations f h at

e o e e o e

an d c ld l rg ly d p nds upo
o a its c ondition and
e e e n

t h t mp a t u
e e f surrounding bj cts
er In con
re o O e .

s qu nc f this physiological fact it is improp r

e e e o ,
e

to a t t mpt as som hav don to fix c rtain xact

e ,
e e e, e e

t mp ratu s at which baths m st b giv n to all

e e re u e e

p rsons und r ll condi tion

e e a s .

F c nv ni nc and p rs p icuity th t mp ra
or o e e e e ,
e e e

tur s f baths hav b n div id d into six grad s

e O e ee e e

as giv n in the follo w ing tabl by Forb s ; all

e e e

who att mp t to use th bath e ding to the di e a c CO I

r ctions should car full y l arn and pres rv the

e e e e e

distinctions h re mad e e $

C ld B t h o a ,

Coo l ,

T e m p erate ,
T ep id ,
W a rm ,
H ot,

The vapor bath ranges from 9 8 to th

°
e

hot air or Turkish bath from 1 0 0 to

-
or °

ev n high r though not us fully so

e e ,
e .

A bath f any t mp ratur abov th natural

o e e e e e

heat f t h body O is a hot bath At e ,

.

wat r b com s i ; a bath is v ry rarely giv n at

e e e ce e e

this t mperatur and th n th application sho l d

e e, e e u

be made to only a small surfac Wat r at e . e

and even i and snow may be usef lly employed

ce ,
u
 A PPL ICAT I O N S or WA T E R . 85

as topical rem dies in local dis as s It will rar lye e e . e

be nec ssary to employ a full bath at a low r

e e

temp ratur than e which will usually s em

e , e

v ry cold to th pati nt A temp ratur from

e e e . e e

8 5 to 9 5 is t h most g n rally us ful f baths

° °
e e e e or

which invol a consid rabl portion f the bodyve e e o ,

though f course higher t mperatures are m

o e e

ploy d in local ap plications

e .

Ho w to Dete rmi ne th e Tempe ratu re of a Bat h

w ith o u t a Th er mo meter ; It
— is o t n n c ssary
fe e e

to administ r a ba t h wh n a th rmomet r can

e e e e

n t b obtain d In such cas s it is custom

o e e . e

ary to t st t h t mperatur by placing th hand

e e e e e

in t h wat r This is an unr liable method

e e . e ,

how v r ; f th hand becomes by usag so

e e or e ; e,

obt s to heat that water which would seem

u e

only warm to it would b painfully hot to th e e

body f th patient To avoid this source f

o e . o

error it is only n c ssary to plung the arm to

,
e e e

the lbo w into th wat r by which means its

e e e ,

r al t mp ratur wi l l be d termin d W at r
e e e e e e . e

which causes r dness f t h skin is hot ; wh n it e o e e

f ls simply com fortabl with no sp cial sensation

ee e, e

of ith r h at or cold it is warm

e e S lightly co oler
e ,
.

than this it is tepid W h n it caus s th app ar

, . e e e e

anc f goose fl h it may b f practical pur

e o -
es , e or

pos s call d cool a s till lo w r d gr b ing cold

e e ,
e e ee e .

A n th M th d The m thod about to b d

o er c o .
-
e e e

sc ib d i som wh at mo accurat th an the pre

r e s e re e

ceding and may b found conveni nt f fa il it t

, e e or c a
86 U SES or W AT E R .

ing the pr paration f a bath f proper q antity

e o o u

as w ll as t mperatur a matter which th o gh

e e e, u

simpl nough is o ften quite annoy ing to i

e e n ex

p i d persons
er en c e It is a fact f common knowl. o

edge that water boils at 2 1 2 F B oiling water °

.
,

th n is always f this temp rature W ell nd

e ,
o e . a

s pring water and the wat r f cist rns in winter

,
e o e ,

does not vary greatly from The temperature

o f w ll and spring wat r changes v ry slightly wi th
e e e

the seasons B y combining in prop r quantities

. e

water f these known temp ratur s any r quired

o e e ,
e

t mperatur may b prod ced Not having s en

e e e u . e

this method suggested be for we h ve prepar d e, a e

t h following tabl which may perhaps b used

e e, e

to advantag in the abs nce f a th rmom t r ;

e e o e e e

w advise all to obtain and use a thermometer

e ,

h owever when it is possible to do so

,

nT er . T em .

2 q t s . a dd e d to 1 q t . eq u a s l 3 q ts . at 1 06
°

35
$C $f $C 0
1 98
°
3 1 93
°
1 85
°
1 80
76
°
1
71
°
1

W h e n larg e r quantiti e s a re n e e de d
is only ,
it nec

essary to multipl y each f th combining qu nti o e a

ti s by t h sam numb r For instanc i f a gal

e e e e . e,

lon and a hal f f wat is n d d f a foot bath o er ee e or

at pour into a pai l or bath tub four quarts -

O f f es h W 11 water nd th e n ad d two quarts

r 6 f a o
 A PPL I C AT I O N S or W AT E R . 87

boiling wat r If four gallons f water are

e . o

want d f a sitz bath at 93 $a very common

e or
°

t mp ratur $ pour into th bath tub three gallons

e e e ,
e -

of fr sh w l l or spri g Wat r and add one gallon

e e n e ,

of boiling wat r Thus any r quir d quantity can e . e e

b obtain d at th temp ratur s given

e e T h cold e e e . e

wat r should b plac d in th v ss l first and

e e e e e e ,

th r should be no d lay in adding t h hot Wat r

e e e e e ,

as it would rapidly los it h at and thus m ake e s e ,

a larger quantity nec ssary D t rminate meas e . e e

u rem t is not ess ntial

en The cold and hot water e

my be add d alternat ly in proper proportions

.

a e e ,

b ing m asur d by th m v ss l until th req

e e e e sa
'

e e e e

i i t quantity is prepared
u s e .

RU L E S F O R BAT HING .

ollo wi ng general rul s should be care fully

Th e f e

studi d and throughly und rstood by any one who

e e

exp cts to employ the bath Much injury to

e .

h alth and most f the discr dit cast upon th

e o e e

use f wat r as a r m dy have arisen from a

o e e e

disr gard f som f th m

e o e o e

1 A full bath should nev r b taken within

. e e

t w or three hours aft r a meal

o e .

2 S ch local baths as fom ntations compress s

. u e , e ,

foot baths and ev n sitz baths may be tak n an

,
e , e

hour or t w aft r a m al ; ind d compr ss s a d

o e e ee ,
e e n

fomentations may be applied almost immediately

aft r a light m al without njury
e e ,
I .

3 E m ploy th ther m o met r to d te rmin e th e

. e e e
88 US E S O F W AT E R .

temperatur f v ry bath when possible to do soe O e e

if not mploy th oth r m thods d scribed

,
e e e e e .

4 T h t mp ratur
. f t h room during a bath
e e e e O e

should b 7 0 to Invalids require a warm r

e
°
e

room than p rsons in health Thorough ventila e .

tion is an important matt r ; but draugh ts must e

be care fully pr ve t d by scr ns f netti g e n e ,

ee O n

plac d b for openings into th room wh n n

e e e e e ec

essary .

5 Nev r apply ith r v ry cold or xcessively

. e e e e e

hot tr atment to ag d or f ebl pati nt G l d is

e e e e e s . o

esp cially dangerous

e .

6 H t baths are rarely us ful in h alth

. o The e e .

warm bat h answers l l th r quir m nts f cl an a e e e e O e

l in e s s .

7 v r tak a cold bath wh n xhaust d or

. Ne e e e e e

chilly A G rman mp ror lost his lif b y tak

. e e e e

ing a cool bath after a fatiguing march Al x . e

ander cam n ar losi g his lif in th sam man e e n e e e

ner Many hav been rend red cri p pl s fo li f

. e e e r e

by so doing N har m wil l r sult from a cool . O e

bath if t h body is sim ply warm ven though it

e ,
e
’

may b in a stat f p rspiration C ontrary to t h

e e o e . e

co m mon pinion a consid rabl d gr f h at is

O ,
e e e ee o e

th b st possibl pr parat ion f a cold bath

e e e e or .

Th eFinland s r sh out f th ir hot ov ns er u O e e .

sw at h
e and roll i th snow without i
-
ou ses u -
n e ,
n

jury .

8 C old bath s shou ld not b administ r d dur

. e e e

ing t h
p riod f menstruation in f males
e eAt O e .
 AP PL I CAT I O N S O F WA T E R . 89

such times littl bathing f any kind is advisable

,
e O

with the exception f a warm or tepid sponge O

bath or such treatm nt as may be advised by a

,
e

physician .
9 B ath attendants hould care fully avoid giv
. S

ing hocks to n rvous people or to those in

$
S e

cl i d to apop lexy or aff cted with hear t disease

ne e .

S h ocks are npleasant and unneces ary f any $

u s or

one .

1 0 Never apply t t h head such treatment

. o /
e as

will cause shock a the sudden col d douche ,

s ,

shower or spray bath ,

.

1 1 A light hand bath every morning will be

.

non too frequent to preserve scrupulous bodily

e

cleanliness More than a week should never be

.

allowed to elapse without a bath w ith warm

wat r and soap
e .

1 2 The best time f

. treatment especially
— or

cool treatment i about three hours after break

— s
s

fast .

1 3 Al ways employ f
. bathing purposes the or

purest wat r attainable S o ft water is greatly

e .

pr ferable to hard on many accounts

e .

1 4 Those not strong and

. gorous should avo id Vi

drinking freely f cold water just previou to a

o s

bath .

1 5 The head should always be wet be fore any

.

bath and the f e t sho ld b warmed if not l

— e u e a

ready warm by a hot foot bath if necessary

—
, .

1 6 I n apply ing a bath to s ick persons it

.
,

W o at or Gr
‘
90 U SES OF WAT E R .

sho ld always b mad f a temp ratur agr

u e e o e e ee s

able t th f lings o e ee .

1 7 O n v ry important el m nt in the success

. e e e e

Of a bath is the d xterity f t h attend ant The e O e .

patient should b inspir d w ith confidenc both e e e

in the bath and in the skill f the att ndant T h O e . e

mind has much to do with the e ff c t f a b th e o a .

1 8 In general baths the pati nt unless fee bl

.
,
e ,
e,

will derive benefit by assisting h imself as much

as possible .

1 9 Patients should recei

. due att ntion d ve e ur

ing a bath so that th y may not f l that th y

,
e ee e

are forgott n N rvous pati nts ften b come very

e . e e O e

apprehensive on this account It is also i mpor t .

ant i most cases that a reasonable degree f

,
h , O

quietude hould be maintainedS .

2 0 W h en any unusual or unexpected y m p

. s ~

toms appear during a b th the patient hould b a ,

S e

removed at onc e .

2 1 In case symptoms f fain t ness app ar as i

. O e ,
s

som times th cas in f eble patients during a

e e e e ,

h t bath apply cold water to the head and fac

o ,
e,

gi v cool wat r to d ink lower t h t mperatur

e e r ,
e e e

Of t h bath by adding cool water and place t h

e ,
e

pati nt as nearly as possible in a horizontal p

e O

si tio u .

2 2 The t mperature f a warm or hot bath

'

. e o

Should always be d cr ased just b fore its t rmi e e e e

nation as a pr caution against taking cold e .

2 3 I n health a cool or cold bath shou l d be

.
,
 A PPLI C AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 91

v ry bri f lasting not more than one or two min

e e ,
-
a

utes A t pid bath should last not mor than

. e e

ten or fift en minut e A warm bath may b n es . e co $

ti nn ed thirty or forty minut s or v n longer e ,

e e ,

b t nothing could b more absurd than t h cus

u e e

tom pr vailing i n som plac s f prolonging the

e e e O

bath to gr at l ngth A t Pf ff rs and L uc k in

e e . e e e ,
’

S witz rland many persons sp n d t h wh l day

e ,
e e o e

in t h water taking th ir m als on floating tables

e ,
e e ,

and occupying th ir tim in r ading p l aying e e e ,

chess and oth r gam s S om r main in th w

,
e e . e e e a

ter as many as ixteen hours t f the twenty S ou O

four . O f cours c rtain bath may b e, dv n te s e a a a

g eou s l y prolong d in cas s f d is as e

; b t no e O e e u

intelligent physician will now r commend the e

antiquated prac tice which we sometimes rep s ee -

6

resent ed by a pa ti nt seated in a tub with an e ,

open book in hand .

2 4 It is
. f extrem importance that th p
o e e a- s

tient should be carefully dri d after any bath e .

A large heet is much b tt r f this p rpos

S e e or u e

than a towel An l d lin n or cotton sh t is . O e ee

pr f rabl to a n w n being softer Ful l di

e e e e o e, .

rections are given under the heading Dry R b ,

u

h ing S heet
$
-
.

2 5 A patient hould ne ver be left chilly a fter

. S

a bath R b until warm

. u .

2 6 I t is e q ually i mportant that the body

.

s ho ul d n o t be l e ft in a sta te O f pe rsp iratio n for it ,

wi l l soo n be come ch i l ly .
92 US E S O F W AT E R .

27atients who are able to do so should ex

. P
i
cr c s ea littl both befor and immediat ly after
e e e

a bath to insure thorough reaction .

28 An hour s rest soon after a bath will add

’
.

to its b n ficial ff cts It is best to go to b d

e e e e . e

and cov r warm e .

2 9 If a bath is fol l o w ed by headache and f

. e

v there has b een something wrong either in

e r, ,

the kind f bath administered or in the manner

O ,

of givi g it n .

3 0 V ry cold and v ry hot baths are seldom

. e e

r quired T h barbarous prac tices f half a cen

e . e O

tury ago are now bsolete or should be if they O , ,

a re not quit discontinued as y t N good

e e 0 re

l t d from the mwhich cannot b attained by

.

su e e

milder m ans and much harm was occasion d

e , e

which is avoid d by the use f less extreme tem

e O

e ra t u re s
p .

31atients should not b allowed to become

. P e

d pend nt on any sp cial form f bath as an ft

e e e O ,
a

dinner fomentation to aid dig stion the h

e r- e ,
a

dominai bandage or any other appliance De ,

.
-

stroy such a habit if it has be n form d e e .

3 2 O rder cl anliness dispatch and a delicate

.
,
e , ,

sens f propri ty are items which every bath t

e O e a

t ndant should keep constantly in mind and

e
$

which will ften contribute in no small degree

O

to succ ss in th e f this agent e u se O .

3 3 Never employ a bath without a definite

.

a nd l e iti ma te ur o se in Vi ew It is s omewh at
g p p .
 A PPL I C AT IO N S OF W AT E R . 93

c stomary in many institutions where water is

u ,

e mploy d to apply it in a routin way Many

e ,
e .

ba t hs prescrib d f th sak f p d m g
a re e or e e O ro uc

vari ty or pl asing t h pati nt A faithful and

e , e e e .

sci ntific physician will car fu l ly adapt his r m e

e e e

dies to th condition f his pati nt and will b

e O e ,
O

serve the results It seems to b a prevalent . e er

ror that it makes little diff renc how wat r is e e e

applied provided th patient is only wet Warm

,
e .
,

hot t pid temp erate cool and cold baths are

,
e , , ,

used indiscriminat ly e .

S also the differ nt modes f administering

O , ,
e O

baths f th sa m e tem per ture are disr garded in

O e a e

many cases In general each particular form f.

,
O

bath is esp cially adapted to the treatment f spe

e O

i l conditions and it is the b st test f the pro

c a ,
’
e O

fi i n y f a physician in the use f water to h

c e c O ,
O ,
O

serve whether he recognizes th distinctions b e e

tween the various kinds f baths and is able to O ,

adapt them to the appropriate conditions .

3 4 Giving too much treatm nt is likely to be

. e

the error into w h i h t h inexperienc d will fall c

'

e e ,

rather t han th opposit extreme Nature can e e .

not be forced to do mor than h is capable f e s e O

doing ; and as natur must do the h aling i f a e e ,

cure is accomplished r medies should be f a ,

e O

helping rather than a cro w ding or forcing nature .

The vitality f patients may be exp nded use O e

lessly by treatment f baths excite vital r sist ,

or e

ance as well a drugs a fact which many o ver

,
s ,
94 U SE S OF WAT E R .

look The dangers f over treatment are not so

. O -

gr at as some imagine however w h take the

e , ,
o

opposite extr me and advocat t as the greate ,

e r es

cur all W hav se n patients who seemed to

— e . e e e

be quite monomaniacs on t h subject f rest e O

c re who n ed d a good thorough stirring up

u ,
$
e e

w ith use ful xercise mor than any other kind f

e e o

treatm nt e .

GE NE RAL BAT HS .

aths applied to the whol surface f the body

B e o

are as we have already seen among th most

, , e

powerful m ans f aff cting th human system e O e e

eit h r in h alth or dis ase B aths f a tempera

e e e . O

tur less than that f th body

e unless f O e ,
O

very bri f application uniformly d cr ase the

e ,
e e

bodily t mp rature That the diminution f

e e . O

temp rature is not m rely local b ing confined

e e ,
e

to th skin and superficial struc tures is shown

e ,

by th fact that t h thermom ter indicat s a d

e e e e e

clin f t m perature in t h int rior f the body

e O e e e O

as w ell T h bath diminish s th production f

. e e e O

heat through ou t the whol system besides b e , a

t
s ra cti g l rg quantiti s by its contact w ith the
n a e e

body as previously explained

,
The di minution .

Of te m perature continu s f ho rs after the bath e or u ,

esp cially in cas s in which it was excessively

e e

high at the ti m e f administration H t bath s o . o

h ave in general an o pposit e ffec t

, ,
e .
 A PPL I CAT I O N S O F WAT E R . 95

I I S W MM N G .

S w im m ing is a g neral bath combined with e

vigorous xercis as nearly all baths hould be

e e, S .

It is n f th most health ful kinds O f exercise

o e O e ,

i f not contin d too long as it fr quently is

ue Th e ,
e .

temp rature f th wat r is commonly between

e O e e

7 0 and 8 0 E which make it a temperate bath

° °

, .

Its eff cts e not f different from other form s

a re ar

o f bath f t h Om /t m p a t W have not

e sa e e er u re . e

space to d vot to a description f the art ince

e e O ,
S

t here are valuabl treatises on the subject e .

PL U NGE BA T H .

The hot baths f th anci nt Greeks and R O e e O

m ans were usually followed by a plunge up to

th neck in a large basin f water four or five
e o

fee t de p and larg enough to allo w the exercise

e ,
e

O f swimming Many h y dropathic establishments

.

employ th sam bath after packs and sweating

e e

baths A bath f this kind is not alway t

. O s a

t i bl without gr at xpense and it possesses

a na e e e

no particular advantag ov r other m ethods f e e O

cooling t h surfac aft r a wa m bath It is

e e e r . a

v ry s v r form f bath when employed at

e e e e O a

l w t m p ratur
o e In the days f Priessnitz it
e e . O ,

was us d at a t mp rature f 4 5 or
e e More e o
°

harm than good would result from a continuous

e mploy m nt f such treatment T h cool plunge
e O . e

should be f but a very f w minutes duration

O e
’

an d th patient s h ou l d r b himse l f vi goro sly d

e u u ur
 96 US E S O F W AT E R .

ing the bath In this as in all other cool baths

.
, ,

the first contact with the wat r produces chilli e

ness or shock After two or three m nutes or

. i ,

less this will be follo wed by a par tial reaction

, ,

even while th patient is in the w atere mp ,

a c co a

nied by a f eling f com fortabl warmth T h is

e O e .

will shortly be again succ ded by a s cond chill ee e ,

which is not so l ik ly to be followed by prompt e

reaction ; hence the patient should al w ays take

,

care to leave the bath b for t h occurr nce f e e e e O

the second chill if he would avoid unpleasant ,

$

after effects
-
.

BA T H S P O N GE .

The sponge or hand bath is perhaps the simpl s t e

and most useful mode f applying w ater to the O

urface f th body ; f it req ires the use f no

s O e or u O

applianc s which ev ry n do s n t possess and

e e o e e o ,

it can be employ d by any n w i thout elaborate e o e

preparation and under almost any circ mstances

,
u .

A great quantity f water is not r quired ; a f w O e e

quarts are a plenty and a pint will answer d ,

a

m i abl y in an em rgency
r A s oft sponge or a e .
,

linen or co tton cloth and one or two so ft towels , ,

or a sheet are the oth r quis ites The hand

,
er e .

may be used in the abs nc f a cloth or a e e O

sponge f applying the water

or .

The temperature f the bath should not be O

above and 90 is g n rally better Most °

e e .

p eople can h abit ally employ a temperatu re of u

 A PPL I C AT I O N S OF W AT E R . 97

75 or 8 0 without injury The use f a much

° °
. O

low r temperature is not commonly advisabl e

e ,

an d is ft n productiv
O f gr at injury
e e O e .

B gin t h bat h as usual by w tting t h head

e e , ,
e e ,

saturating the hair w l l W ash th fac then e . e e,

th n ck ch st shoulders arms trunk and back

e e ,
e , , , ,
.

R b vigorously until t h
u skin is d to prevent e re ,

chilling ; f e v n wh n th t mp rature f t h
or e e e e e O e

room is nearly qual to that f the body the e O ,

rapid evaporation f w t from the surfac will O

’

a er e

lower the external temperatur v ry rapidly n e e u

less vigo ous circulation is maintained

a r .

After thoroughly bathing the upper portion f o

the body t rn th attention to the low r portion

,
u e e ,

co ntinuing the rubbing f the upper parts at O

brie f int rvals to prevent chilliness As oon as

e . S

the bathing is conclud d env lop the body in a e ,

e

sheet and rub dry or dry the skin wit h a towel , .

W hen the surface is n arly or quite drie d rub e ,

the whole vigorously with the bare hand .

The bath should not b prolong d mor than e e e

ten or fift n minutes Fiv minutes is su ffici nt

ee . e e

to s cur all th b n fits f th bath and v n

e e e e e O e , e e

thre minutes will s ffice f a ery good bath

e u or v .

Persons who chill easily will fi d it b tter to n e

bathe only a portion f t h body b fore drying O e e

it S ome will ev n find it necessary to retain a

. e

portion f the clothing upon the low r part f

O e O

the body while bathing and drying the upper

p ar t .
98 US E S OF WAT E R .

Weakly patients may receive this bath with

very littl disturbance even in bed O nly a
e , .

small portion f t h body hould be uncovered O e S

at a tim being bath d dried rubb d and then

e, e , ,
e ,

cov r d whil another part is treated in a m

e e e Sl l

il
ar manner .

The spo g bath may be administered any

n e

w her without dang r f soiling the finest carp t

e e o e ,

by using car to make th spong or cloth nearly

e e e

dry b for applying it to the body A rug may

e e .

be spread upon th fl oor as an extra precaution e .

W hen sed f cl anliness as it hould b daily

u — or e S e

— littl fine soap hould be added two or three

a e S

times a we k to remov the leaginous secretion

e ,
e O

from t h s k in e .

This bath is applicabl when v r th re is an e e e e

abnormal d gr f bodily h at and in such cases

e ee O e

my b applied ev ry half hour without injury

,

a e e -
.

It is us ful in cas s f nervousness and l p l

e e O s ee e

ness and in fact when ver wat r is r quired in

, , ,
e e e

any form it may be used with advantage

, .

RU BBI N G WE T S -
HE E T .

T h is bath is administ r d in t w ways ; with e e o

the sheet v ry w t or dripping and with it

e e , ,

wrung n arly dry T h first m thod is frequent

e . e e

l y cal led the dripping sh et bath In giving it -

e .
,

proc ed as follo ws
e

W h n n c ssary to p v nt injury to th floor

e e e re e e

or car p et plac upon the floor a larg rug or

,
il
e e O
 A PPL I CAT I O N S OF WAT E R . 99

cl oth In the center place a l rge wa h tub in

.
, a s -
,

the absenc f a more conv nient vessel W hile

e O e .

t h patient is making hims lf r ady f

e t h bath e e or e ,

procure tw la ge cotton sh ets Gath r one n d

o r e . e e

O f each into folds so that it can b asily and e e

quic kly spr ad out ; lay one upon a chair close at

e

hand and place t h other in th tub At a dis

,
e e .

tance f thre or four fee t from the tub place a

O e ,

l w stool
o Now p l ace in th tub if a bath at
.
—
‘
e

a bout 93 is d i df n d this will be the most

°
e s re a

usual temperature half a pailf l f fr sh well or

— u O e

s pr ng water and one third as much boiling w

i ,
-
a

ter If a thermomet r is at hand i t should f

. e ,
O

course be used to test th temperatur Aft r

,
e e . e

the patient has w t his head l t him st p into e ,

e ,
e

the tub facing the assista t with his arms

,
n ,

straight and pressed closely to h i sides Now s .

draw up the w t sheet by its gather d end to its

e e

f l l length ; draw out

u side quickly plac th o ne ,
e e

corner ov r one shoulder f the patient and whil

e O ,
e

holding it in place with one hand q ickly draw ,

u

the remaind r f the sheet around him with the

e O

other bringing it up well around the neck and

, ,

folding the second corner und r t h top so to e e as

hold it in place B t a f w seconds sho ld be . u e u

o ccupied in apply ing the sheet Then commenc . e

rubbing the patient vigorously with both hands ,

one upon ach sid rubbing t and f thre or

e e, o ro e

fo tim s in each place p assi g ov r th whol

ur e ,
n e e e

body very rapidly and then repeating the same , ,

1 00 US E S O F W AT E R .

to prevent chilling f any par t C oarse robu t O .

, s ,

and phlegmatic peopl may be rubbed with a e

good deal f severity ; but p rsons with d licate

O e e

Skin and acute sensibilities requir g ntler manip e e

u l a tio n .

After thre or four minutes f energ tic rubbing

e O e ,

pour over the ch st and shoulders a pailf l f e u O

water four or five d gre s cooler th n that f the e e a O

bath which should be in readiness f instant use

,
or .

Then rub two or three minutes longer N w . o

quickly dis ngage th w t h et allowing i t to

e e e S e ,

d op into th tub W hil th p atient is stepping

r e . e e

upon the s tool quickly grasp the dry h et and ,

S e ,

by th tim he is in place have him enveloped

e e ,

in it R b h i m dry passing over the whole body

. u ,

s veral times in rapid succ ssion to prevent chill

e e ,

ing C are must b tak n that v ry part is thor

. e e e e

oughly dried T h h ad armpits groins and . e e , , ,

fe t are liabl to scape attention

e N e moisture e . O

should be left bet w n the toes After wiping ee .

nearly or quit dry apply the hand rubbing as e ,

-
,

els w h re d scribed sing care not to induce

e e e ,
u

p rspiration by too vigorous or long continued

e -

r b bing If the kin hould become moist fro m

u . S S

p rs piration a fter having been onc dried grad

e e ,

ua l ly lo w er the t mp rature f t h room and con e e O e

tinu light r bbing until the kin becomes dry

s u S

and l b fore allowing the patient to dress

CO O e .

V ry f w baths afford a better opportunity

e e

f the display f skill and energy on t h part f

or o e O
 A PPL I CAT I O N S O F WA T E R . 101

the attendant than this S om practice is required . e

to nable one to give it really w ll

e e .

The oth r form f rubbing wet sheet g ven

e O -
IS i

in about the same manner th only di ffer nce ,

e e

being that the h et is wrung before its applica

S e

tion and is appli d one or more times accord

,
re -
e ,

in g as a mild r or mor severeeform f treatment e O

is requir d T h douche may be r serv d until

e . e e e

the sheet is remov d the last tim e e .

O n pr caution sp ially n cessary to b

e e h e ec e e O

served i th is b th as w ll as in all others where

n a ,
e

a t epid applicat ion is succeed d by a cooler one e ,

is frequently ov rloo ked T h nd l

e p . e s ec o c o o er a

p l i ca ti o n s h ou l d never be m a d e u n ti l th er e is
g oo d r ea c ti o n f r om th e fi rst .

This is an xcellent bath to apply aft r pack s

e e

or warm baths which hav nduc d perspiration e I e ,

as hot air and vapor bat h s It is especially p

-
. a

plicable to cas s in which ther is de fective

e e Ci r

culation in the extremities torpid kin and liver ,

S ,

and nervousn ss It is f special ben fit in cases

e . O e

Of debility accompanied by night sw ats e .

K
WE T S -
HE E T PAC .

When properl y administered this is one f th , O e

most powerful f all water appliances S ome O .

Skill is needed to apply it with a uniform degree

O f succ ss e Two or three m f t bl or thi ck
. co or a es

blankets one woolen blank et and a large linen

, ,

o r c o tt on s h eet a e the a rticles ne c ess ar

r I t i
y s .
1 02 US E S OF WAT E R .

important to b c rtain that the s h e t i su fficient e e e s $

l y large to ext nd twice ar ound th patient s ’

e e

body More blank ts are required in cool w t h

.
e ea

er and by w eak p tients S pread u pon a bed or a .

straight lounge the m f t bl one by one co or a es , ,

making the m ev n at th top O er them spread e e . v ,

the woo len blanket al l owing its upper edge to ,

~

fal l an inch or t w b lo w that f the last co m fort o e O

abl W t th sh et i n water f the proper tem

e . e e e O

p t having
e ra u r e , gath r d the ends t h at it can e e SO

be quic kly spr ad out Wring so that it will not e

drip much place its upper end even with the

,

wool n blank t and spread it out on each side f

e e ,
O

the middle su ffici ntly t allo w t h patient to l i e o e e

down upon his b ck which he should quickly do a , ,

letting his e rs come just a bov the pper border

a e u

O f the heet and exten ding his limbs near to

S ,

gether The pa tient should then raise h i arms

. s ,

whil th attendant dra w s over one side f the

e e O

wet sh et taking care to bring it in contact

e ,

with as much f the body as possible bringing it O ,

closely up b neath the arms and pr ssing it down

e ,
e

betwe n the limbs so as to make it come in con

e

tact with both sides f th m Tuck the edge O e .

tightly nd r th patient on the opposite side

u e e ,

using care not to includ th oth r edge f the e e e O

she t Now l t the patient clasp his hands

e . e

across his ch est and then bring p the other side ,

u

O f th sheet Gr p it by its upper corner with

e . as

o n h and drawin g it down o ver th e h

e ,
l de and s ou r
 AP PL I C AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 1 03

lengthwis f the body ; th n plac th oth r

e O e e e e

hand upon t h ov r d should r holding the e c e e e ,

she t firmly in p l ac whil t h corner is carried

e e e e

upward upon t h opposit id and tuck d nder e e S e e u

th shoulder thus drawing th upp r d g e f

e ,
e e e O

the h t w ll up under th chin Tuck the dge

S ee e e . e

Of th sh t und r t h body car fully nv loping

e ee e e , e e e

th feet Th n bring ov r each sid f t h blank

e . e e e O e

et and m f t bl coin t h mann r last described

or a es e e ,

being v ry car ful to exclud all i at th n ck

e e e a r e e ,

and allowing the blank ts to xt nd b low the e e e e

f et so that they can b fold d und r

e e e e .

It is not desirable that t h patient should be e

bound as tigh tly as a mummy All that is . nec

essary is the xclusion f air and as th neck e O ,

e

and f et are t h points at which it is most lik ly

e e e

to enter these parts should r c i ve particular t

, e e a

tention as directed I f too tightly bo nd th

, . u ,
e

patient will be mor lik ly to b nervous than if e e e

allowed some fr dom T h application f th ee . e o e

w t she t should be made in a f w seconds as it

e e e ,

cools very rapidly when spr ad out T h first e . e

blanket should b brought over th pati nt as e e e

soon as possibl If the feet are not warm a h t

e .
,
o

foot bath should b tak n b fore th pack If e e e e .

they becom cool in the pack hot jugs bricks or

e , , ,

stones should be appli d to th m If the patient e e .

does not become com fortably warm in a f w min e

utes — t n or fifteen at most more blank ets

e —
‘

should be added and if necessary d y heat sh ould, , ,

r
104 U SES O F WA T E R .

be applied to the sid s If h still remains chil e . e a

l y he hould be promptly r moved and placed

,
S e

in a warm bath or vigorously rubbed with a dry ,

sheet and then placed i a dry pack T h h ad n . e e

should b kept cool by frequ nt w tting wh ile

e e e

t h pati nt is in the b th
e e I f a compress is p a . a

pli d it should b ften r ne w ed

e ,
e O e .

T h e t mperature f the pack must depend upon

e O

the condition f the pati nt being d termined by o e ,

e

principles else w here explain d A woolen sh t e . ee

is bett r f the administration f a hot pack

e or O

than f cotton or lin n

o ne O Th cold pack is e . e

v ry rar ly r quired T h usual t mp rature

e e e . e e e

f this bath should be about

or It is prop
to w t th sh t in wat r f about
e e as it
ee e O

will b cool d sev ral degr es wh il being appl i d

e e e e e e .

The duration f the pack should b car ful ly O e e

r gulat d by the ondition f th pati nt th f

e e c o e e ,
e e

f t d sired and t h immediate e ff cts produc d

ec s e ,
e e e .

If th p ati nt b com s v ry n rvous or sw ats

e ‘ e e e e e ,
e

exc ssiv ly or b com s faint or h oth r serious

e e , e e , as e

l y unpl asant or d ang rous symptoms he s h ould

e e ,

b r moved from the pack at onc i f he has not

e e e

be n mor than ten minut s in it O rdinarily

e e e .
,

t h pac k may b ti
e thirty to forty fi m i on nu e -
ve n

ut s If the pati nt sl ps n aturally h may

e . e ee ,
e

r main in th pack a f l l hour if strong or n

e e u ,
e ve

long er in many cases In fe v rs shor t packs . e , ,

fr q
e tly r p at d
uen m r b ficial th n l o g
e e e ,
a re o e e ne a n

ones f wer in number

e .
 PPL IC AT I O N S O F WAT R
A 105 E .

T h pack should be followed by the spray the

e ,

sponge bath t h douche or the rubbing w t heet

,
e ,
e -
S .

It is a pow rful r m dy and should not be used

e e e ,

to xc ss i chronic dis ases ; it has been much

e e n e

ab sed in this way Its d purating e ffects are

u . e

r ally wond rful T h incr ased action f the

e e . e e O

skin together with determination f blood to

,
O

that par t is so gr at that poisons long h idden in

,
e

the system bro ght out and eliminat d T h

are u e . e

O dor f a sh et rec ntly used in packing a gross

O e e

person is ften intol rable If the patient be a

O e .

t ob cc user the sh t will be reeking with the

a o -
,
ee

O dor f nicotine Many tim s the she t will be

O . e ,
e

actually discolor d with th impurities withdrawn e e

from th body e .

Th applications f the pack n treating dis

e O I

ease v ry nu m erous In almost all acute dis

a re e .

e as s accompani d by general f b il di t b n
e e e r e
°

s ur a ce ,

and in n arly all chronic diseases t is i m t

e ,
I a os

h lp ful r m edy if righ tly manag d It i Z n d

e e e . s a a

mirabl r medy f nervousness skin diseases

e e or , ,

and i ritations f the mucous m mbrane The

r O e .

warm pack is a rem dy worth more in the treat e

ment f children s diseases than all the dr gs in

o
’

th materia medica as many phy sicians have

e ,
3
3
proved It is a most success ful application in
.

convulsions .

HO W E R PA C K S .

In many cases f f ver in which the temp era O e

ture rises so high as to produce delirium the o r

W r ate .
,
1 06 US E S O F WAT E R .

din a ry pack does not seem to b su ffici ntly e e

powerful to f lly control t h xcessive h at In u e e e .

such cases th sho w er pack is found f g eat s r

,
e O r e v

i ce
; i t is thus used in B llevu H ospi t al N w e e ,
e

York
A rubber blank t is placed upon an ordinary e

mattress U pon this the pati nt is plac d env l

.
,
e e , e

Op d in a wet sh t s in t h ordinary pack I

e ee , a e . n

stead f being covered with blankets howev r

O , e ,

he is l ft expos d to th air that the pow rful

e e e ,
SO e

cooling ffects f evaporation may b btain d

e O e O e .

As the S heet beco m es warm ed by t h h a t f t h e e e O

body cool wat r is Sho w r d upon it from a

,
e e e

S prinkler or wat ring pot T h b th is contin e -

.
’

e a

ued thus until t h t m p at r f th pati nt as e e er u e O e e ,

indicat d by t h th rmom t r is su ffici n tly di

e e e e e ,
e

minished .

T h is b ath combining as it do s the cool ing f

,
e e

f ts f ool w ater and f evaporation is the mos t

ee O c O ,

po w erful r frig rant that can be m p loy d ; y t

e e e e e

i t is perf ctly sa f when judiciously us d b ing

e e e ,
e

only ap plied in cas s f ex tre m e u g ency on e O r ac

co nt f th high temp rature

u O e e .

S om practic op ning t h ordinary p ck at

e e e e a

intervals and sp inkli g cool w at r upon t h p

,
r n e e a

tient thus btaining in som d egr t h pro

,
O ,
e e e, e

longed cooling ff c t T h pack mus t be studi d e e . e e

w ll to enable one to ap ply it w ith kill a d cer

e S ,
n

tainty f success O .
 A PPL IC AT IO N S O F W AT E R . 1 07

H E E T PA C K DRY S -
.

Though this can hardly be cal l d a bath at e

its co m mencem nt it really b com s a wet sheet e ,

e e -

pack b for its t rmination Its applicati on dif

e e e .

fers from that f t h w t sheet pack in that t h O e e -

e

pati nt is wra pp d in wool n blankets instead f

e e e O

the w t sheet T h bj ec t f this tr atm nt is

e . e O O e e

to prod ce p spiration which may be n

u er ,
e cou r

ag d by drinking ith r cold hot drinks in n

e e e O r co

sid bl qu ntity and by the application O f d y

e ra e a ,
r

artificial h at to the fe t nd sides It is a v ry

e e a . e

s vere for m f tr atm nt and is now seldom

e o e e ,

practic d Many years ago pati nts at hydro

e .
,
e

pa thic stablish m nts wer o ft n k pt f s veral

e e e e e or e

hours in t h dry pack smothere d ben ath loads

e ,
e

o f m f t bl
co blank ts and f ath r beds If
or a es , e ,
e e -
.

cautiously employ d it is occasionally useful in e ,

br aking th chills in f v r and agu It

e e ,
$
e e e .

sho ld b administer d abo t hal f an hour b fore

u e e u e

t h tim f
e th b g n n n g f the chill i f requir d
e or e e I I O ,
e

f this pur pos

or e .

The s veral vari ties f local packs are d

e e O e

scrib d und r the h ad f L ocal B aths

e e e O .

BA T H F U LL .

F this bath a t b is required th length f

or u e O

th body about ight n inches d p two f t

e ,
e ee ee ,
ee

wid at th top n d p f r b ly ix in h s nar

e e ,
a ,
re e a ,
s c e

ro w er t th botto m It is better to have t h

a e . e

end intended fo the head a little ele va ted r .

1 08 US E S O F W AT E R .

P lace in the tub su fficient water so that t h p e a

tient will be entir ly cov red with the xception e e ,

e

O f th h ad when he lies pon his back D

e e ,
u . ur

ing t h bath the body should be vigorously

e ,

rubb d by t h bath r or an attendant or both

e e e , ,

particul ar pains b ing taken to knead and ma e

n ip l t the abdom n in a gentle but thorough

u a e e , ,

mann r T h temp rature f the bath w hen

e . e e O ,

tak n f cleanl in ss or f its soothing effects

e or e ,
or ,

should b not mor than e and it should be e

cool d down to abou t 8 5 b for th conclusion

e
°
e e e

o f t h bath by the addition f cool wat r

e ,
o e .

E very fa m ily ought to poss ss conv niences e e

for this bath Ind d it i w found in v ry

. ee ,
s no e e

w ll r gulat d mod rn house in our large cities

e -
e e e .

It is not so xp nsiv but that any e can pose e one

sess it Portable baths f rubb r can b btain d

. O e e O e

which are worth many times th ir cost A ch ap e . e

bath can be construct d f duck well iled or e O O

cover d with paint and sus p nd d from a fram

e e e e

but it will b q ite unsatisfactory t b ing per

e u ,
no e

f tl y wa t r tight as such a bath should b f

ec e -
,
e or

family A s tationary bat h may be mad f

use . e O

wood f the dimensions giv n and lined with

,
O e ,

l ad or z i c Th re sh uld b
e n .
p ing in the e o e an O en

lo w r end f withdrawing th water

e or e .

The f ll bath is u f the most r f eshing f one O e r O

all baths being al so ,

f th most pl asant one O e e .

E m ploy d at a low t mp rat re it is a po w r ful

e e e u ,
e

m ans f reducing xc ssive heat in f v rs The

e o e e e e .
 A PPL I C AT I O N S O F WA T E R . 1 09

ll bath v ry promptly r li v s th pains f

h o t fu e e e e e O

acut rheumatism and is almost a specific f

e ,
or

colds if taken jus t b fore r tiring V ry hot and

,
e e . e

v ry cold t m p ratur s
e quit hazardous with
e e e a re e

this bath since it involves large a portion f

,
SO O

the body S uch extr m s . rar ly us ful in e e a re e e

any case and should not b us d xcept under

,
e e e

the y f a physician
e e O .

HA L F B A T H .

The half bath is much th same as the full e

bath A smaller t b is required as t h b ath r

. u ,
e e

sits upright with his limbs extended The water .

sho ld be at least a foot deep During the bath

u .
,

the body should be w ll rubb d and wat r should e e ,

e

be poured over th u pper por tion f the body e O .

Its gen ral eff cts e nearly th same as those f

e a re e o

the full bath and it may b us d f the sam e

,
e e or

g n ral purpos s A littl more vigorous r bbi ng

e e e . e u

is requir d to prevent chilling as so large a por

e ,

tion f the body is exposed It affords a b tter

O . e

opportunity f stirring up the bow ls and b or e a

d m i n l viscera by
o a haking percussing and S , ,

kneading the abdom n e

HA LL O W BA T H S .

O f this bath there are two varieti s ; i tti n g e s

sh l l w and t n di n g h l l o w
a o s a s a .

S i tti n g h a l l w di ff rs from th hal f bath in

s o e e

employing less water and being much more vig ,

1 10 US E S O F WAT E R .

o ro u s . ct d u Its about t h sam

e ffe s an ses a re e e .

T h bather s h o ld rub his limbs and the front

e u

portion f his body whil th attendant pours

O e e

wat r over his ch st and sho l d rs and rubs vig

e e u e ,

l y his back and si d s

o ro u s A p rson can tak e . e e

t h bath very w ll alon by using a rath r long

e e e e

coarse towel which can b drawn back and forth e

across th back by grasping e end with each o ne

hand It is a very valuabl m ans f applying

. e e O

water and in constant r quisition in the h y

,
Is e

d p t h i establishments From 8 5 to 9 0 is the

° °
ro a c .

proper temp rature f this bath It may b e or . e

used at a low r t mperatur in f v r cases At e e e e e .

B ell evue H ospital it is appli d at about 7 0 in

°
e

such cases and is administ red wh n ver the

,
e e e

temperatur xc eds T avoid th shock f

e e e O e O

a cool bath it may be comm nc d at a temp era

,
e e

ture littl below blood h at and then graduall y

e -
e

cooled by th addition f cool wat r until th de e O e e

sired temperature is r ach d T h r duction f e e . e e O

th e t mperatur btain d by this means ful ly

e e O e

equals that btained by th sudd n application f

O e e O

cold and the shock and subs qu nt r action are

,
e e e

prevented This applies equally t l l cool baths

. oa

as well as the cool shallow bath .

The duration f the bath may be from one to O

thirty minut s Ten or fifteen minut s wi ll b e . e e

the us al extent u .

T h S t n di n g S h l l w is in some cas s pre ferred

e a a o e

by some to the p receding The patient tands . s

 A PPL I CAT I O N S O F WAT E R . 1 11

erect in a varying depth f water from six inch O —

es to or t w f t b ing mploy d whil

one — o ee e e e e

his body is vigorously rubb d by one or two as e

i t t wat r being poured upon t h chest and

s s an s , e e

should rs at bri f intervals It is a v ry enliven

e e . e

ing bath .

The shallow bath should be compl ted by a e

pail douche at a temp ratur thre or four d e e e e

grees lower th an that f th bath O e .

A F F U S IO N .

T h is consists simply in po ring water over the u

body f th pati nt who may b itting or stand

O e e ,
e S

i g in a bath tub It is a v ry ff ci nt bath f

'

n -
. e e i e or

reducing unnatural h at This mode f treat e . O

m nt was used by H ippocrat s Gal n and other

e e ,
e ,

anci nt physicians In t h last c ntury C urri

e . e e ,
e,

J ackson and many oth rs used it wi th great

,
e su c

c ss in scarlatina It is a s vereign remedy f

e . o or

d lirium tr m ns sun strok hys teria and some

e e e ,
-
e, ,

times f acut mania wh n appli d f the pro

O e ,
e e O

per temperature .

D O U C HE PA IL .

This bath scarc ly diff rs from the p receding e e .

It consists in t h dashing f n or more pailfuls e O o e

Of water upon the bo dy f the bather by an as o

i t nt
s s a B y m ans f a proper arrang me nt the
. e O e ,

bather can a dminister th bath himself For this e .

purpose a pail or other vessel fil led with wa ter

,
1 12 US E S O F WAT E R .

may be suspended or support d abov the h ad f e e e O

the bather in such a way that it can be quickly

ups t by drawing upon a string attach d to th
e e e

side T h stream should fall upon th shoulders

. e e ,

chest back or hips but not upon t h head or over

, , ,
e

the region f the stomach This bath may b O . e

applied after any w arm bath and should be a lit ,

tle cooler than the bath which pr ced s it e e .

Whether taken alone or after another bath it ,

should always be followed by vigorous rub

bing .

C A T A R A C T D O U C HE .

This is a modification f the douche bath in O

which a broad sh et f wat r is allowed to fall e O e

upon th body f the bath r T h force f the

e O e . e O

bath d pends upon th height from which the

e e

water falls and hould b reg ulated according to

,
S e

the str ngth f the pati nt Almost any on will

e O e . e

b ar a fall f thr e or four feet W h n t h height

e O e . e e

Of the bath cannot b asily modified it hould e e ,

S

be f such an altitud as to be well born by the

O e e

f eblest patients ; t h more vigorous can incr ase

e e e

its ff cts by subjecting th ms lves to it f a

e e e e or

longer tim e .

The bs rvations made relating to th applica

O e e

tion f the pail douche apply equally w ll t o

o ,
e

this bath .
 A PPL I C AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 113

HO S E DO U C HE .

In th is bath water und r pr ssure is thrown

,
e e

up on th pati nt from a hos thro gh a small

e e e, u

nozzle T h bather turns his body while th t

. e e a

tendant directs t h str am upon diff r nt par ts e e e e .

It is a l ss pl asant bath than the spray or other

e e

forms f doucheO Its g neral effects are the same

. e

as those f t h baths mention d

O e e .

H O WE R BA T H S .

This bath is simply an imitation f rain W ater O .

is allowed to fal l u pon th body after being di e

v i d d i n to a numb r
e f small streams by passing e O

throu gh a vess l with a p rforated bottom Itse e .

effects d p nd upon the siz f t h streams nd

e e e O e a

the height from which th y fall togeth r with the e ,

e

temp rature f th bath n d its du tion A l

e O e a ra .

though form rly much employ d in wat r cure

e e e -

establish m nts this bath is n w little used b

e , o ,
e

cause its plac is supplied by other mor nv n

e e co e

i nt ones w h ich prod ce the sam r sults as the

e u e e ,

spray and douche The best manner f dm in i . O a s

tering it is to commence the application with

tepid water and gradually cool it The tempera
,
.

ture may rang from 70 to The water

e
°

should not usually b allow d to fall upon the e e

head but hould b r c iv d first upon the hands

,
S e e e e

and arms then upon th feet and limbs and f

, e , a

t w d upon t h
er ar back and shoulders the body e ,

b ing well rubb d during the application

e e .
1 14 U SES OF WAT E R .

cold sh ow r bath form rly so common l

Th e e ,
e a

most ev rywh r has be n productive f much

e e e, e O

injury by its indiscriminate and has brought u s e,

much r proach upon th use f wat r as a cura

e e O e

tive ag nt None but th most vigorous can n

e . e c

joy the bath at a lower t mperature than and e

no advantag is gain d by its employ m nt at a e e e

‘

lower t mp ratur than that whil considerabl

e e e ,
e e

h arm may b don in many cases e e .

BA T H S P RA Y .

This bath consists in a number f fine streams O

O f wat r thrown upon t h bather with consider

e e ,

abl forc It may b produced by conn cting a

e e . e e

hose with spray attachment to a force pump or -

r servoir from which to btain water under f

e O a su

fi i n t pr ssur
c e The b st for m f attachment
e e . e O

consis ts f a hollow doubl conv x brass or copper

O e -
e

pi ce n side f which is p rforated w ith fin

e ,
o e o e e

hol s the other side carrying a rim f attach

e ,
or

m nt to th hos It is pre f rable to hav an ar

e e e . e e

rang m nt by which the t mp rat r may b

e e e e u e e

r adily and gradually chang d from warm or t pid

e e e

to coo l w ithout int rrupting th bath In t h b e e . e a

s nce f a proper spray attachme nt t h appara

e O ,
e

tus lsewhere d scrib d f the hos douch may

e e e or e e

be mad to ans w er a v ry good purpose the

e e ,

stream b ing brok n by placing th th mb or

e e e u

finger over the nozzle in such a way as to par

t iall y obstru t the fl ow c .
 P L I C AT IO N S
A P O F W AT E R . 115

This is an x ll t bath to fo l low th pack e ce en e ,

vapor bath h t air bath sitz bath or any o th r

,
o -
, ,
e

g n ral bath which induc s p rspiration It is

e e e e .

v ry agr abl to most p rsons and can b appli d

e ee e e ,
e e

to f bl pati nts who would b unabl to tak e

ee e e e e

a ny more se r form f tr atm nt T h alt r ve e O e e . e e

nate hot and c ld spray is very succ ssful as a o e

means f d m g local inflammations T h warm

O re uc . e

bath is v ry grat ful and soothing to s w oll n and

e e e

rh umatic joints ; i gout also and illy defined

e n , , ,

wand ring pains it is an admirabl remedy It

e ,
e .

is very successful also in the tr atment f tumors

;

,
e O ,

abscess s and h eulc rs when thoroughly

,
c ro n l c e ,

applied .

L O CAL BAT HS .

The f water as a local application

u se O not Is

less important n d is m uch more vari d than its ,

a e ,

g n ral application Th re i no oth r topical

e e . e s e

r m dy which will produc such a variety f f

e e e O e

f t and such prom p t r sults

ec s In r moving local e . e

congestions subduing local i fi m m ti ,

allay n a a o ns,

i g circumscribed pain and restoring activity to

n ,

inactive parts th appropriat ap plications f , e e O

water giv results wh ich afford both physician

e

and pati nt a degree f s atisfaction which no

e O

oth r single r medy can rival ev n le tricity an

e e ,
e e c ,

agent f ackno wledged power not being ex

O ,

t ed
ce
p .
116 US E S O F W AT E R .

I BA T H S TZ .

The sitz bath also known as the hip bath is , ,

one f the most us ful baths e m ployed in hydro

O e

pat h ic treatment Its utility was fully recognized .

by the earlier practitioners Wh someti m s ke p t ,

o e

their pati nts so long in th bath th at th y b

e e e e

c me almost literally w ater soak d and w re so

a ~
e ,
e

numb from the long continued application f cold -

O

wat r as to poss ss almost no external sensi bility

e e .

It is said tha t in some cas s the skin could be e

rubb d ff in t h att mpts to btain reaction

e O e e O ,

without t h pati nt s knowl dg e e

’
e e .

For this bath a common t b may b use d by u e ,

placing a support und r one dge to l vat it e e e e e

t w or thre inch s b t it is b tter t o

o e a tub e u e u se

mad f th purpose which should hav the

e or e ,
e

back raised eight or t n inch s higher than the e e

front to s pport the back t h sid s sloping grad

,
u ,
e e

n ally so as to support the arms f th bath r O e e .

Th bottom shou l d b elevat d t w or thr e

e e e o e

inch s The d pth in front should be a bout t h

e . e e

same as that f a common wash tub O -

.

E nough water is r quir d to cov r t h hips and e e e e

extend a littl way up th abdom n ; four to six

e e e

gallons will suffice Any temp rat r may be . e u e

e mploy d b ing suit d to th condition f th

e ,
e e e O e

pati nt T h duration f the bath will also vary

e . e O

according to circumstanc s A short cool bath is e .

tonic in its eff cts lik all short cool applications ;

e ,
e

a more prolonged one is a powerful sedative .

 A PPL I C AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 117

Th e hot sitz is v ry exciting in its eff cts if long e e

continued T h warm bath is r l axing The. e e .

hips and trunk should b w ll rubb d during the e e e

bath by th pati nt or an a ttendant T h bath r

.

e e . e e

should b cov red with a sh t or blanket during

e e ee

the bath I f it is d sirabl to produc sw ating

. e e e e ,

s veral blank ts may be us d

e e e .

The sitz bath should s ldom be tak n ither e e e

v ry hot or xtrem ly l d A ery good plan

‘

e e e cO . v

for administ ring it and one which will be p e ,

a

plicabl to most cas s is this B gin the bath at

e e ,
$ e

9 2 or If a th rmometer is not at hand

°
e ,

pour into th bath tub three gallons f fresh w lle -

O e

or spring wat r and th n add gallon f b i l e ,

e one o o

i n g w at r This will gi e th desir d temp ra

e . v e e e

tur Aft r the pati nt has been in th bath t n

e . e e e e

minutes cool it do w n to ,
which may b done e

by adding a gallon f well w ater C ontinue the o .

bath fi minut s long r then administ r a pail

ve e e ,
e

douch or spray at about e and wip d y as ,

e r ,

direct d aft r a rubbing w t sh t

e e e -
ee .

The sitz bath is us f l f chronic cong stions e u or e

o f the abdominal and pelvic visc ra diar h a e ,

r e ,

piles dys ntery constipation ut rin diseases

,
e , ,
e e ,

and genital and urinary disord rs In treating e .

f male dis as s it is an indisp nsable remedy It

e e e e .

is very valuable in various ner ous aff ctions v e , es

p i
ec all y thos which immediately involve ethe
brain .

There is no bet ter remedy f a cold than a or

1 18 US E S OF WAT E R .

v ry warm s itz bath tak n while fasting and

e e ,

just before retiring It should be continued . un

til g ntle perspiration is induc d

e e .

T h sitz may b conv rt d into a general bath

e e e e

by rubbing th whol bo dy with th w t hand e e e e

whil in the bath and may thus b mad to a

e ,
e e n

swer the purpos s f th half and shallo w baths e O e .

BA T H LE G .

For this bath a v ess l deep nough to r ceiv e e e e

t h limbs to the middl

e f the th ig h s is r q ir d e O e u e .

Th e bath may b tak n at any d sir d t mp ra e e e e e e

tu re b t i t is us al ly mploy d som what cool r

u u e e e e

than baths which involv th t n k f th body

'

e e ru o e .

It is a p w f l l y derivat iv bath and is found

x
o er u e ,

v ry us ful to prev nt wak fuln ss in n rvous

e e e e e e

p rsons and to r l iev cer bral congestion n p

e ,
e e e I e

i l p t i pati nts
e c It is sp cially applicabl to
e . e e e

chronic ulcers f t h l g swoll n knees and n O e e ,

e a

k le and limbs which have suff r d by exposur

e, e e e

to s v r cold It giv s much r lief in gou t ;

e e e . e e

ther i no dan g r f causing a m tastasis f the

e s e o e o

dis ase by th application f this bath

e e O .

BA T H F O O T .

Any v ss l ffi n tl y larg to r c iv th f et
e e su c re e e e e e e ,

and no gh wat r to cov r them to th ankl s is

e u e e e e ,

sui t bl f this ba th T h f t should b rubbed

a e or . e ee e

d ing t h bath If th t mpe t r is

ur e . l e e ra u e CO O ,

o nly an i nch or t w o o f w at er shou l d be e mploy ed .

 A PPL I C AT I O N S O E WA T E R . 119

f t b th is an exc ll nt reme dy
T h e w a l ki n g oo a e e

for cold f t It consists in walking in shallow

ee .

water fi or ten minut s ve e .

T h alt rnate hot and cold f t b th is anoth r

e e - -
oo a e

l bl
va u a m dy f ecol d feet and is a c rtain
'

re e or ,
e

r m dy f chilbl ains It is giv n thus Place

e e or . e $

th ef et in hot wat r 1 0 0 to 1 1 0
e — thr or e
° °—
ee

four minut s T h n withdraw th m and plu ge

e . e e n

th m quickly into a bath f cold w at r 60 or

e o e -
°

l ss A ft r t w or thr e minut s r stor th m

e . e o e e ,
e e e

t t h h t bath
o e Thus alt rnat thr or four
o . e e ee

tim s and co clud by dipping t h f t quick l y

e ,
n e e ee

into cold wat r and wipi g dry T h is bath pro

e n .

duc s most pow rful r action

e e e .

T h foot bath is applicabl i t h t r at m nt f

e e n e e e O

h adache n uralgia toothach catarrh cong s

e ,
e ,
e, ,
e

tion f abdominal and p lvic organs colds and

O e , ,

cold f t It is v ry us ful as a preparatory f

ee . e e or

oth r baths and as an accompanim nt f ther

e ,
e O o

local applications .

HA L F P A C K .

This bath is giv n in th sam manner as the e e e

w t sh t pack xc pt that the w t sh t xt nds

e -
ee ,
e e e ee e e

only from th armpits to t h hips The blank e e .

t
e s a re wrapp d abo t the pati nt in th mann r
e u e e e

describ d f the full pack All the pr cautions

e or . e

giv n in n n ti n w i th th d scription f that

e co ec o
°
e e O

b th
a ap licabl t this
a re p e o .

Th is bath is fre q uently emplo y ed in cases of

1 20 US E S O F WAT E R .

pati nts who e too f eble to b ar the full pack

a re e e ,

or as a pr paratory tr atm nt f that bath It

e e e or .

is much mild r th an th f ll pack and is sual ly

e e u ,
u

mor agr abl to the pati nt as it do s not con

e ee e e ,
e

fi neh i m so clos ly I t is a v ry us ful r m dy e . e e e e

in all i fi m m ti f t h abdominal organs gas

n a a o ns O e ,

t l g i pl urisy acut b
ra a, h it i croup and pn u
e ,
e ro c s, ,
e

monia W h n a hot app l ication is requir d it is

. e e ,

w ll to use a wool n sh t instead f a cotton

e e ee O

one It r quir s th same aft r tr atm nt as the

. e e e e -
e e

f ll pack
u .

C HE S T P A C K .

This applicat ion is mad in th sam manner e e e

as the hal f pack allowin g the w t sheet to ex ,

e

t nd only from t h armpits to th navel It is

e e e .

esp cially applicabl to d is as s f t h ch st

e e e e O e e .

T h gen ral dir ctions f

e e th full and the half
e or e

pack apply to it It is a v ry mild application . e .

K L E G PA C .

The pack may be appli d to the l gs with e e

great advantag in cas s f habitual coldn ss f e e O e O

the f et and li m bs or kne s T h same p n pl

e e . e rr cr es

m ntion d in r lation to oth r packs apply to

e e e e

this T h application should b mad eith r

. e e e
‘
e

cool or cold and hould xt nd fro m the hips

,
S e e

down ward It hould continue from half an h our

. S

to an hour and a half .

 A PPL ICAT I O N S O F WAT E R . 1 21

HE S T W RA PP E R C .

This consists f a jacket made something like O

a vest reaching from th neck to a little below

,
e

t h navel It should be made f double thicknesses

e . O

O f so ft toweli n g T protect the garments or bed

. O

ding from moistur it should be covered with a e, h

other jacket made lik it but a little larger In e . .

apply ing i t the wrapper should be wet in tepid

,

w at r and hould then be applied as snugly as

e ,
S

consistent w ith the Co m fort f the wearer I t O .

should be e applied every two or three hours as

r -
,

it b comes dry
e .

I f properly manag ed the chest wrapper is a ,

valuable r medy b t it has been greatly abused

e u .

It shoul d n t be worn more than a week with

o

out intermission T h practice f some in contin . e O

uing it until it produces an eruption f the sk in O ,

and even long r to promote a discharge under

— e —

the idea that a vicarious elimination is thus per

formed is highly reprehensible and has no sound
, ,

physiological princ iple to suppor t it S uch treat .

ment is damaging to the skin and does the p a ,

6

tient no good in any way T h better plan is to . e

allow the wrapper to be worn d m g the nigh t ur ,

b t omitted during the daytime

u If worn d ring . u

t h d y it should be changed ften and hould

e a , O ,
S

be removed so soon as the patient becomes chilly .

W henever removed the s rface f the s k in should ,

u O

be washed or sponged with c ool or tepid water .

F eeble p atients with defecti v e c irc l ation s ho u l d u

W ater . I
 1 22 U SES O F WAT E R .

w ar th wrapper only whil walking or riding

e e e

on horseback .

This applianc may b profitably employ d in e e e

a large number f chronic diseases In chronic O .

bronchitis pl urisy pleurody nia asthma and

, e , , ,

the early stages f consumption it gives relief O , .

W E T GIR D L E .

This was a favorite remedy with the early

German hydropathists and it is a very useful p ,
a

p l i n a when properly
ce employed tho gh it has ,
u

been much abused by excessive use as in the ,

case f the chest w pp r T apply it well a

O ra e . O ,

coarse towel about three yards long is the most

conveni nt f W t
e half f t h n tep
o r u se . e one- O I s, I

id water wring it until it will not drip and apply

, ,

it to the abdomen placing one d at th side ,

en e ,

and bringing it across th front first so that two e ,

thicknesses f th wet portion will cov r the abdo

O e e

m n Aft er winding the whole tightly around t h

e . e

body fasten the end securely T h remarks made

, .
'

9 in reference to the wearing f t h ches t wrapper O e

apply with equal forc to the wet girdle For e .

feebl patients it is better to w t only that por

e e

tion f the tow l which covers the abdomen

O e .

This a very effici nt remedy f constipation e or ,

ch ronic diarrhea and most other intestinal dis ,

orders It is equally valuable in dyspepsia tor

.
,

pid li v r enlarged spleen and uterine derange

e , ,

ments .
 A PPL I CAT I O N S O F WAT E R .

DI N G D O U C H E
A S CE N .

This modification f the douch is simply an O e

asc nding inst ad Of a d c nding stream It

e e es e .

can b r adily manag d by construc ting a r s r

e e e e e

voir in such position as to giv t h wat r ten or e e e

tw lv f et fal l wh n t h r quisit forc cannot

e e e , e e e e e

be mor asily s cur d T h wat r is conduct d

e e e e . e e e

thro gh a hos and is all owed to issu through

u e, e

a nozzl n ar t h floor T h pati nt sits or li s

e e e . e e e

j st o ver th nozzl and a f w inch s above it

u e e, e e .

This is a valuable r m dy in tr ating pil s pro e e e e ,

lapsus f the bow ls or ut r s and constipation

O e e u , .

D R O P BA T H .

In apply ing this bath a v ss l with a sma ll ,

e e

opening in th bottom is l vat d to a consid re e e e e

abl h ight wat r plac d in it b eing allow d to

e e ,
e e e

drop upon the part to be tr ated The aperture e .

in t h v s l should b only su ffici ntly larg to

e es e e e e

giv gr ss t o a singl drop at a tim T h bath

e e e e e . e

may also b giv n by placing in an elevat d v

e e e es

sel n nd
o f a k in f cotton yarn t h other
e e O s e o ,
e

being allowed to fall ov r the dg f t h v ssel e e e O e e

and hang b low it B y capilla y attraction the

e . r

water will be drawn up into the yarn and will

drop ff at the lo w er end v ry slowly
O e .

This is a very convenient way f applying O

water wh re its cooling effects

e required f a a re or

considerabl length f time as in wounds bruises

e O , , ,

Sprain and similar cases It will k eep down

s, .
$
,
1 24 US E S O F WAT E R .

inflam m ation in a wond rful m ann r It is not e e .

commonly n cessary that the wat r should be

e e

v ry cold as vaporation will k ep the part f

e ,
e e su

fi i n tl y cool in most cases

c e .

BA T H A RM .

This is imply holdin g the arm in water O f

S

prop r temp ratur It is extrem ly us ful in

e e e . e e

such painful aff ctions as felons sprains ande , ,

n arly all injuri s f t h hand and arm U lcers

e e O e .

and acut and ch ronic skin dis as s f the hands

e e e O

and m are usuall y b n fit d by this bath If

ar e e e .

cold wat r is painful its application should be

e ,

pr ced d by that f hot wat r or alt rnated wit h

e e O e , e

it
. C old hands should be frequ ntly rubbed in e

cool wat r and alt rnately imm rs d f a f w

e ,
e e e or e

minutes ac h in hot and cold wat r In cas f

e e . e o

painful f lons the arm must b imm rsed to the

e ,
e e

el bow to relieve t h pain although the disease e ,

is only in the finger .

H E A D BA T H .

The patient should lie upon his back resting ,

his head in a shallow basin f cool wat r The O e .

att ndant should bath t h foreh ad fac and

e e e e , e,

temples during th bath T h bath may be con e . e

tinn ed until the heat is removed or l ss n d e e e .

The pouring head bath is ften preferable to O

th pr c ding The pati nt s ho l d lie upon a

e e e . e u

b ed r s o fa face downward all owing his h ad

o , ,
e
 A PPL IC AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 1 25

to ext nd outward over a tub or other wide ves

e

sel wh ile th wat r is pour d upon the head

, e e e

from a littl h ight by an assistant

e The wat re ,
. e

may be ith r hot or cold according to xisting

e e ,
e

conditions V ry cold wat r is not sually d

. e e u a

visabl as its ppli ti n n b comes painful

e, a ca o
'

soo e ,

and produc s powerful r action It should b

e e . e

t pid or t mp rate S om cases r quire very hot

e e e . e e

water f a f w min tes followed by a slight f

or e u ,
a

fusion f tepid wat r

O e .

In hyst ria epil psy apoplexy sun strok

e ,
e , ,
-
e,

acut mania d lirium tr m ns and c r b l con

e ,
e e e ,
e e ra

g stion from any caus the head bath is a

e e,

promptly fficacious r medy e e .

BA T H E YE .

W at r may be applied to the eye in various

e

ways A convenient method wh n onl y a bri f

. e e

application is necessary is to lave the y with ,

e e

water dipp d by th hand A gentle spray may

e e .

b applied or the yes may b opened and closed

e ,
e e

in wat r thus bringing them fr ly in contact

e , ee

with th l m nt S mall glass cups mad f

e e e e . e or

t h purpos may b fill d with water and placed

e e e e

over the y the w at r being frequ ntly chang d

e e, e e e

or w t cloths m y be laid upon th m

e a e .

In applying wat r to the y it is im portan t e e e,

t b abl to first distinguish th

o e e xact nature f e e o

th difficulty as m ch damage may oth rwis b

e ,
u e e e

done by a wrong applicatio n A a g neral rule . S e ,

1 26 US E S O F W AT E R .

in fiamm ati o n s the conjunctiva and xt n l O f e er a

structur s f the y r quir e l or l d ap plica

O e e e e co o co

tions whil i fi m m ti n f t h corn a iris and

,
e n a a o s O e e , ,

oth r i n t n l structur s r quire h t applications

e er a e ,
e o .

This rul is ft n violat d in hydropathic stab

e O e e e

l i h m t through ign ranc

s en s f t h structure and o e O e

diseas s f th y e o e e e

C ool applications are best m ad by laying p e u

on the ey s thin fol ds f lin n cloth w t in cold

e O e e

wat r Not mor than two or thre t hi cknesses

e . e e

S hould b us d as a th ick compr ss soon become

e e ,
e s

warm w hile a thin one is k pt cool f a long r

,
e or e

time by evaporatio The compr ss hould b n . e S e

chang d ev ry five minut s at l ast when ther

e e e ,
e , e

is much inflammation T h fomentation is as . e

good as any method f applying hot wat r to the O e

eyes The application wh en hot should b as

.
, ,
e

hot as th patient can well bear If it affords

e .

r li f ontinu hal f an hour or mor ; if it i

e e ,
c e e
'

creas s th pain d sist at onc T h sam may

e e ,
e e . e e

b said f cold applications also

e O .

Alternat hot and cold applications will giv

e e

most r li f in som cas s After a h t applica

e e e e . o

tion a slightly cool r

,
sho ld alway s be p e one u a

pli d f a f w minut s
e or e e .

A littl milk quince s d mucilage or oth r

e ,
-
ee , e

bland substance add d to the water mak s it ,

e ,
e

more agr abl to t h y in bathing it ee e e e e .

Th y bath is applicabl
e e in all
e in flammations e

and injuries f th y and is infinit ly superior O e e e, e

t al l other eye washes

o .
 A PPL CAT IO N S
I O F W AT E R . 1 27

a ly bathing the y s in tepid Wa ter is a good

D i e e

practice f those who use them much in reading

or ,

writing or oth r work r quiring close attention

,
e e .

Many y s r in d by n glect and maltreat

e e a re u e e

m nt e .

E A R BA T H .

Water applications are mad to the ear by e

m ans f fomentations compresses the douche

e O , , ,

or the spray C ompr sses and fomentations are. e

use f l in infl ammations f the structures f the

u O O

e incl ding absc ss s which ften form in the

a r, u e e O

walls f the ext rnal canal Alt rnate hot and

O e . e

col d applications are us f l in causing the b e u a

sor ption f in flammatory deposits and thus restor

O ,

ing t h heari g T h douch administered with

e n . e e,

the fo ntain syring is a valuable m ans f

u e, e O re

moving foreign bodies and insects The warm .

douche has prov d very s rviceable n restori g e e I n

t h hearing by r movi g hardened ear wax

e In e n -
.

administ ring th douch the head should be in

e e e,

c l i d ov r a basin whil the str a m f water is

ne e ,
e e O

allo w d to issue from t h nozzle h ld close to the

e e e

ext rnal opening f th ear Violent syringing

e O e .

O f th should n ver be practiced as it may

e e ar e ,

occasion irr parabl inj y e e ur .

BA T H NO SE .

This bath is administer d ither by drawing e e

wat r into th nose while the mout h is clos d or

e e e ,

by injecting it by means f a fountain syring e O .

128 U SE S O F WAT E R .

Great are should always be exercised to apply

c

the water gently as a forcible application wil l ,

cause pain and irritation Inj c tion should n ver . e e

b prac tic d w ith a pist on syri g as th ere is lia

e e n e,

bil ity f forcing th wat r into th E ustachian

o e e e

canals and producing d afn ss The tempera e e .

tur f th water should be warm or tepid f

e O e or

most applications .

Much ben fit may be deriv d by the proper

e e

u se f this bath in case f acute or chronic

O O ca

t h
a rr The addition f a light portion f salt to
. O S O

th wat r does no harm and a slightly saline

e e ,

fluid is sometim s l ss npl asan t than pure w e e u e a

ter probably because it is more nearly lik the

,
e

m ucous secr tion f the nasal mucous m mbran

e O e e .

Drawing cold water into th nos is som times e e e

r commend d f he m orrhage from the nos ; but

e e or e

it is f doubtful utility b caus the application

O ,
e e

cannot b cont inuous and transi nt applications

e ,
e

f old wat r are al w ays follow d by n ffi

i

O c e f e a a nx O

blood to th part so xpos d There are b tter

e e e . e

rem dies f nose bl ed

e or -
e .

C O M PR E S S E S .

The compr ss is a w t cloth or bandag applied

e e e

to a part T h bject may b to cool the par t

. e O e

und r treatm nt or to r tain heat The com

e e ,
e .

pr ss may b us d wi th equal succ ss f either

e e e e or

purpose W h n th part is to b cooled a com

. e e e ,

press composed f several fol ds should be w t in O e

 A PPL IC AT I O N S O F WAT E R . 1 29

cool cold or iced water as req ired and plac d

, , ,
u ,
e

upon the part after being wrung it will not SO

drip It should b changed as ft n as

.
gfi v e O e eo er e

min t This is ft n n gl ct d to th injury

u es . O e e e e e

O f th pati nt A v ry cold com pr ss may be

e e . e e

pr pared by placing sno w or pound d i betw en

e e ce e

th folds f t h
e compress This will not n dO e . ee

r n wal fr q ently ; but its ff cts must be

e e SO e u e e

car fully watch d as injury may be don by neg

e e ,
e

l ct In applying cold to such d licat parts as

e . e e

th e e
y a very thin compresse,is b tter It should e .

b r n w d onc in fi
e e minut s at least
e e e ve e ,
.

W h n accumulated Warmth is r quir d a thick

e e e ,

compr ss is applied being wrung out f t pid

e ,
O e

wat r and cov red with a dry cloth to xclud

e ,
e e e

the air S o ft dry flannel is an xc llent cover

.
,
e e

ing R bber or il d sil k may b mployed

. u O e e e

wh n the compress is not to be retain d mor

e e e

than a f w hours ; but if it is to b worn contin

e e

u ou s l y they will be injurious as th y are im

, ,
e

pervio us to air and thus int rfere w ith th func e e

tion f th skin The ff cts f a compr ss thus

O e . e e O e

applied id ntical with t h ose f the poultice

a re e O ,

and th application is a much more cl anly n

e e o e .

C ompresses applicable in all cas s in which a re e

poultic s are commonly used They may r place

e . e

the l d fashioned plas ters with profit and com fort

O -

to th w ar r T h w t sheet pack half pack

e e e . e e -
,

ch st pack and wrapp r leg pack and wet gird

e e , ,

l are all larg e compresses

e .
1 30 US E S O F WAT E R .

When applied continuously in the same place

f a long tim th compr ss occasions a
or e,id e e co ns

e rabl eruption f the skin and som tim s boils

e o ,
e e

and carbuncles Th r is no par ticular advantag , e e e

in th s ruptions nd th y som times do much

e e e ,
a e e

harm by producing a great degre f general irri e O

t tia T h notion that th y purify t h system

on . e e e ,

though a v ry popular has r ally a very

e one, e

slight foundation T h discharg is largel y made . e e

up f l m nts which would be f gr at utility

O e e e O e

i f r tained in t h
e syst m and the amount f e e , O

foul matt r eliminat d in this way i c rtainly

e e s e

infinit simal compared with th amount th rown

e e

O ff by a f w inches f healthy skin

e Th skin O . e

can always do more and bett r work wh n e e

h althy than wh n dis as d T h eruptions are

e e e e . e

no do bt d to d bi l ity f the skin produced

u ue e o ,

by a too lo g continuanc f t h very abnormal

n e O e

conditions supplied by th compr ss Y t strang e e . e ,

e

as it may app ar th re are thos claiming to be e ,

e e

physicians wh dir ctly aim to produc inflamed o e e

and irritat d sur fac s by th continuation f the

e e e O

compr ss f months and v n y ars

e or e e e .

Th w t h d e p is a compr
e ss mad
ea to fit t h ca e e e

h ad It sho ld consist f sev ral thickn esses f

e . u o e O

cotton or lin n cloth as to r tain moisture f

e ,
SO e or

som time It is a good temporary appliance in

e .

dis as s f th scalp and f h adach ; but it

e e O e ,
or e e

sh o ld v r b worn con tin ously f th pur

‘

u ne e e u or e

pose f r li vi g co g tion as it will hav an

O e e n n es ,
e
 A PPL I CAT IO N S O F WAT E R . 1 31

e ffect just t h pposite f that desired In e O O . c c ze

ma f th scalp it may b worn until the dis as

O e e e e

is cur d b ing fr qu ntly r w tt d It is an ex

e ,
e e e e e e .

ce l l t m an
en f pr venting sun stroke and oth r
e s o e -
e

e ff cts f h at wh n worn b n ath t h

e O e hat in e e e e

summer ; but ven f this purpos its use shoulde or e

b temporary t h
e cap b ing worn only during
,
e e

the hotter por tion f the day O .

I F O M E N TA T O N S .

The fomentation is a local application analo

g ous to such g n ral applianc s as the hot
e pack e e ,

vapor bath and hot air bath It consi sts in the

,
-
.

ap plication f a cloth w t in hot wat r It m y

O e e . a

b consid red as a hot compr ss

e e Fold a soft e .

fl n
a n l cloth twice
e t h t i t will b f thr or ,
SO a ‘
e O ee

four thickn sses L ay it in a basin pour boiling

e .
,

water upon it and wring it d y by folding it in ,

r

a dry towel O i f only one n d f th cloth is

. r, e O e

w t it may b wrung by fol ding the dry portion

e ,
e

outsid f th wet ; in wringing the whol e will

e o e ,

b come equally w t Apply it to the pati nt

e e . e a s

h t as it can b born
o Th second application
e e . e

can usually b made much hott r than th fi st e e e r .

Fr quently dipping t h hands in cold wat r will

e e e

enabl t h att ndant to Wring the cloth much

e e e

hott r than he w ould otherwise be abl to do

e e .

T h most conv ni nt way is to h eat the cloths in

e e e

a st amer ; by th is means they are mad as hot

e e

a s boiling water and yet they are mor easily ,

e
1 32 US E S O F W AT E R .

handled not being saturated with water When

, .

no hot wat r is at hand a fom ntation may in an

e ,
e ,

em rg ncy b quickly pr pared by wetting th

e e ,
e e e

flann l in l water wringing it s dry as de

e CO O ,
a

sir d folding it b tw n th l aves f a w p

e ,
e ee e e O ne s a

p and
e r, laying it upon t h top f t h stov or e O e e,

holding it smoothly against the sid The pap r e . e

prevents t h cloth from b coming soil d the w e e e , a

t
er prot cts t h pap r from burning and th
e e e ,
e

steam g nerat d quickly heats th cloth to boil

e e e

i g heat
n For a long fom ntatio th h at may
. e n, e e

b mad continuo us by applying over t h

e e wet e

cloth a hot brick or slab f soapstone O .

The h t cloths should be appli d once in five

o re - e

minutes Two cloths should b employed

. e ,
SO

th at t h s cond may be applied the mom nt the

e e e

first is removed T r tain t h h at a dry fl n . O e e e ,

a

ne l rubber or il cloth should b placed over the

, ,
O -
e

fom ntation eT h application may be continu d . e e

from ten minutes to hal f an hour or long r in ,

e

sp cial cas s This appliance is very powerful

e e .
,

and hould not b mployed to xcess Alt rnat

S e e e . e e

hot and cold fom ntations fr qu ntly mor e a re e e e

effici nt than th continuous fomentation H t

e e . o

applications hou l d always be follow d by a cool S e

or t pid compr ss f four or fi minut s at least

e e or ve e , .

Th us s f th fom ntation are very num r

e e O e e e

ous It is indicat d wh never th r is local pain

. e e e e

without exc ssiv h at or videnc s f acut i n e e e ,

e e o e

fl m m ti n
a L ocal congestions n u lgia tooth
a o .
,
e ra ,

a che pleurisy pleurody nia and most local pains

, , ,
 A PPL I CAT IO N S O F W AT E R . 1 33

vanish beneath its pot nt influ nc as if by magic e e e .

For indigestion colic constipation torpid liv r

~

, , ,
e ,

dysm norrh a and rh umatic pains it is a rem

e e ,
e ,

edy f gr at pow r and is us d with almost uni

O e e ,
e

form success In r lieving ick headache by p

. e s a

plication to the h ad neck and stomach its f e , , ,

e

fi i n y is unrival d
c e c e .

When appli d to the h ad f som tim with

e e or e e

out int rmission it will ften occasion faintness ;

e ,
O

h nce a cooler application should be made after

e ,

the u se f th h t clo ths f

O fifteen or twenty
e o or

minutes .

If t h appl ications must b continued f a long

e e or

ti m it is w ll in most cases to apply th m at a

e, e e

tem perature slightly low r than when they are e

to b used f only a f w minutes

e or e .

T h is remedy may well replace the blist rs e ,

plasters cataplasms
,
i fi ti n rube facients ,
s c ar ca o s, ,

and other irritating measures so long used f o r re

li ving pain local congestions and i fl m m ti

e , ,
n a a ons .

I GE R A N T A P P L I C A T I O N S
RE F R .

A fre zing mixt re which will reduc th tem

e u e e

p t to
e ra u r e 4 is mad by mixing
°
qual parts f e e O

salt and pound d i c The ice and salt should be

e e .

stirr d togeth r v ry quickly and appli d at once

e e e e

to the part to be frozen Two parts f dry snow . O

and one f salt m ake an equally good mixture

O .

F ree ing is more conveniently performed by the

z

rapid evaporation O f ether or h ig ol in e r .

1 34 US E S O F WAT E R .

Fre z ing is a us ful proc ss in numerous cases

e e e .

B y its — as warts w ns and polypi

u s e , e x c re s e n c es ,
e ,

—fib tumors and v n malignant tumors as

ro u s ,
e e ,

c nc r may b succ ssfu l ly remove d S mal l can

a e ,
e e .

c rs may som t imes b cur d by r p ated and

e e e e e e

long continu d fr zing Th ir grow th may cer

-
e ee . e

fainly b impeded by this m ans F lons i f

e e . e ,

treat d early in th ir cours may b cured by two

e e e, e

or thr fre zings ee e .

For fre zing a f lon place t h fi g in a mixt

e e ,
e
'

n er

u re Of i and sal t or surround it with cotton

ce , ,

saturat th co tton with th r or h ig l i

e e d e e r o n e, an

blo w it v ry strongly wi t h a pair f bellows

e o .

This is a very good m th d wh n an apparatus e o e

f producing a fi spray is not at hand The

or ne .

latter instrum nt facilitat s t h fr z ing very e e e ee

m ch i f sed wi th th b l l ows
u u e e .

N harm results from r peated freezing if prop

O e

er care is us d in thawing the froz n parts e e .

Th y hould b kept immers d in cool water or

e S e e ,

covered with cloths k pt cool by frequent wetting e

with cold wat r until th natural feeling is e ,

e re

stored .

The application f i is found xtremely O ce e s er

vi bl in many inflammatory dis as s and in

c ea e e e ,

some nervo a ff ctions In inflammation f th

us e . o e

brain the i cap is f in st imabl value Ice p

,
ce O e e . a

plied to the pine will check the convulsive spasms

S

O f chorea and hysteria when other remedies fail .

In putrid O throat or malignant diphtheria

s re , ,
 A PPL I CAT I O N S O F WAT E R . 1 35

ice is a sover ign r m dy It hou l d b appli d e e e . S e e

to th neck xt rnally and h ld in small bits i

e e e ,
e n

t h mouth
e S m all bits swallowed w ill som tim s
. e e

relie v th pains f gastralgia

e e O .

R ubber bags very conv ni nt f applying a re e e or

ice or ic d wat r ; but th ir plac can b v ry wel l

e e e e e e

s upplied by dri d bladd rs fill d with pounded ice e e e .

The ice cap is a doubl head cap stu ffed wit h

-
e -
$

pounded ice .

S ome physicians recomm nd t h application f e e O

ice to the spin in cas s f cong stiv chill and e e O e e

paralysis and in inflammation f the stomach

,
o ,

kidneys uterus and oth r internal organs The

, ,
e .

real worth f suc h applications in th s cas s has

O e e e

yet to be d t rmin d by car fu l and r peat d b

e e e e e e O

ti n
s e r va W would not r commend an unskill
o s . e e

f l person to att mpt to relieve a violent agu

u e e

chill by r bbing w on the patient s back and we

u e
’

have some fears that a very skillful p rator o e

w ould hard ly succ d to h i ntir satis faction ee s e e

and that f the pati nt O e .

The snow bath applied by rubbing th part ,

e

vigorously with snow is a us ful application f ,

e or

restoring the circulation to frosted parts In .

cases f extrem e chilling or absol te fre zing

O u e ,

there is perhaps no better remedy Powdered ice .

may be used when snow cannot be readily pro

cured .
1 36 US E S O F WATE R .

MIS CE L L ANE O U S BAT HS , E T C .

BA T H VA P O R .

This bath can b r adily and successfully d e e a

ministered with such conv ni nc s as every f m e e e a

ily poss ss Place th pati nt in a can seat chair

e . e e e -
,

having first taken the pr caution to spread over e

the seat a dry towel S urround the patient and .

the chair first with a woolen blank t and then e ,

with t w or three thick m f tabl drawing the

o co or es,

blanke t s l O around his n ck and allowing th m

c se e ,
e

to trail upon t h floor as to xclude the air ase SO e

perfectly as possi ble N w place under the chair . o

a larg pan or pail containing t w or thr e quarts

e o e

O f boiling wa t r L t th blankets fall quickly

e . e e

SO as to retain t h rising vapor After a minute e .

or t w rais the blank ts a little at one sid and

o, e e e

carefully plac in the v ss l a very hot brick or

e e e

t n d p p in g the blank ts ag ain as soon as p ossi

s o e, ro e

bl to avoid the admission f cold air

e B fore th O . e e

first brick or ston has cool d add another and e e , ,

so continue until the pati nt p rspir s fr ly The e e e ee .

amount f p spiration must b judged by the

O er e

face and for head as much f the mois t ure on t h

e ,
O e

skin b neath t h blankets is cond nsed st am

e e e e .

S hould the bath become at any time too hot a ,

little air may be admitted by raising th bo ttom e

O f the bl ankets a little being care ful to avoid ,

chil ling the pati nt in doing The bath should

e SO .

s eldom be continued more th an h al f an hour ,

 A PPL C AT IO N S
I O F WAT E R . 1 37

and fifte n to twenty minutes will usually

e m a cc o

p li h all
s that is desired by the bath I f too long .

continued it induc s faintness A t high tem

,
e . oo

p t will
e r a u re be indicat d by a strongly l t e a cc e e ra

e d pulse throbbing f the temples flushed fac

,
O ,
e,

and headach The h ad should be kept cool by e . e

a compr ss wet in cool wat r and ften changed

e e O .

The t mperature f the bath should be from 1 0 0

e O
°

to 1 1 5 U npleasant effects are sometimes pro

°

d d at
u ce

After this bath app l y the tepid spray rubbin g , ,

W t sheet pail douche or full bath N time

e -
, ,
. 0

should b allowed to lapse aft r the blankets are

e e e

removed b fore th concl ding bath i appl ied as

e e u s ,

the patient will chill H sh ould not be allowed . e

to become chilly by xposure to cool air before the e

application f the spray douche or other bath O , , ,

which should be followed by vigorous r bbing u .

For breaking up a cold relieving rheuma ,

$

ti m sor ness f the muscles from overexert ion

e ,
e O ,

an d relaxing sti ffened j oints this is a v luable ,

a

agent It may also be us d to advantage in

. e

chronic dis ases in which th re is torpidity f

e e O

th e skin ; but great care must be xercised to e

avoid excessiv use as too frequent repetitions f e ,

O

the bath produce debility .

This is a mild r application than the hot air e -

bath nl ss mployed at a high temperature

,
u e e ,

1 2 0 or more when it becomes more severe

°
.
,

In institutions where the bath is in daily req

W r a te . J
1 38 US E S O F WAT E R .

a p rman nt arra gement f giving the

u is iti o n , e e n or

bath is usually employed It som tim s consists

'

. e e

O f a box in which the pati nt its upon a stool e S ,

his h ad being allo w d to main outside by a

e e re

suitable p ni g A wet towel is placed around

O e n .

t h n ck to pr vent t h
e e st am from rising about
e e e

t h head
e O th rs pre f r a box or smal l room larg
. e e e

eno gh to admit the whole p rson th whole

u e ,
e

body being subj ct d to th warm vapor An e e e .

op ning guarded by a curtain is made in one side

e

to allow the bath r to inhal cool air if h hould e e e S

wish to do and to give the tt d t SO ,

to a en an
’

a c c es s

the patient without chilli g him by t h admission n e

O f a large quantity f cold air As in t h sim O . e

p l er form f vapor b ath tOh h ad hould be k pt ,

e e S e

constantly cool by a cool w t compress ft n e O e re

appli d Pati nts troubl d with rush f blood

e . e e
$
O

to th h ad should b furth r prot cte d by a

e e ,
$
e e e

larg cool compr ss placed around the n ck and

e e e

the upper part f th ch st O e e .

S t am may b g n rat d f th se larg r baths

e e e e e or e e

by boiling wat r in th box with a spirit lamp e e -

or a gas burn r or it may b conduct d into the

-
e ,
e e

box by a r bb r tub conn ct d wi th a tight boiler

u e e e e .

R U S S I A N BA T H .

This is ess ntially t h sam in ff ct as the e e e e e

vapor bath It consists f a room fill d with

. O e

vapor and so ar ng d that by tra s f rring the

,
ra e n e

pati nt fro m n point to anoth r th heat may

e o e e e

be gradually incr ased It has no advantages e .

 A PPL I C A T IO N S O F WAT E R . 1 39

not afforde d by th simpler vapor bath It is e .

now much used in the larg r cities Probably e .

as much harm as good results from th indis e

criminat and reckl ss mann r in which it is em

e e e

ploy d Pati nts have b n known to di in the

e . e ee e

bath f apopl xy induced by the exc ssiv heat

O e e e .

It is followed by shampooing and cooling baths

Of various sorts .

H O T A I R BA T H -
.

In administering this bath prepare t h p , e a

ti nt pr cisely as dir ct d f th vapor bath

e e e e or e .

Instead f placi g under th chair a vessel f

O n e O

hot wat r plac a la g alcohol lamp or a small

e ,
e r e

dish containing a f w ounces f alcohol W hen e O .

all is r ady light th lamp or alcohol and care

e ,
e ,

fully xclud th air

e It is hardly nec ssary to
e e . e

suggest the propriety f putting the lamp in O

such a position as to insur safety from fire If e .

alcoh ol is us d in an p n dish it is important

e O e ,

to wip the outsid f t h v ssel quite free from

e e O e e

any trac f the fluid as otherwis it might be

e o , e

communicat d to th floor or carp t Also avoid

e e e .

spilling y portion in p tti g it in plac f

an u n e, or

th e m r ason
sa It is a very good precaution
e e .

to plac t h dish containin g t h burning alcohol

p

e e e

in a plate or hallow v ss l containing a littl S e e e

wat r e .

This bath should b cond ct d in th sam e u e e e

mann r as th vapor bath A t mp ratur f

e e . e e e O

1 4 0 to 1 6 0 is not at all disagre a ble to the

° °

e
1 40 U SE S or W AT E R .

tient At . or 1 8 0 the same e ffect are pro °

s

d d as in the vapor bath at

u ce The bath
sh ould b followed by cooling bat h s as directed
e

f t h vapor bath
or e .

This is a v ry valuable r m dy f the sam e e e or e

class f dis as s f which the vapor bath is

o e e or

r comm nded It is f very great service in

e e . o

cas s f dropsy B right s diseas with poison

e o ,
’
e

ing from r tained urea and all cas s in which

e , e

a vigorous elimination by th skin is d sired e e .

It should not b ti d long r than the vapor

e c on nu e e

bath and much harm may result from its too

,

fr quent employment
e L ike the vapor bath this .
,

may be cond ct d in a s i table box w ith an open

u e u

ing f the head

or .

T U R K I S H BA T H .

This is ntirely analogous to the hot air bath

e -
,

though on a much mor laborate plan The e e .

patient is gradually conduct d from a tem p ra e e

tur f 1 2 0 to th at f 1 60 or ev n much more

e o
°
o
°
e

than T h bath is conclud d by shampoo e e

ing rubbing cooling baths and gradual cooling

, , ,

in a room maintain d at a t mp rature f e e e o

T h us s f this bath
e eth sam as thos f
o a re e e e o

the hot air bath It has no advantag s over it

-
. e

of very great importanc and is much mor lia e, e

ble to produc injury by prolonged and frequ nt

e e

application It generally occu i s an hour and

. p e ,

by thos who resort to it as a luxury as did th

e ,
e

ancient R omans i t is often prolon ged t sev eral

,
o

h o urs ,
 A PPL C AT I O N S
I or WA T E R . 1 41

Th e long continu d appli ation f x ssiv

-
e c o e ce e

heat to the body is a very nnatural proc s u es .

It t nds to produc p rman nt r laxation and de

e e e e e ~

bi l ity f th cutan o s tissu s and the m anner

o e e u e ,

in which th is bath is admini t r d in T rkish s e e u

bath es tablishm nts is productiv f gr at harm e e o e .

It is oft n pr s nt d to invalids as almost a pana

e e e e

cea ; and is given alik to t h strong and vigor e e

ous and t h w ak and debilitat d

, e e e .

T h bath is c rtainly good in its plac but it

e e e,

is decid dly bad when abus d Many consider

e e .

the hot air bath gr atly preferabl sinc i t b i

-
e e e o v

ates th n cessity f inhali g sup rh at d air

e e o n e e e ,

the effects f which upon th lungs o said to e a re

be injurio s T h hot air bat h is doubtl ss saf r

u . e -
e e .

BAT H E LE C T R I C .

E lectricity may be mor ffici ntly appli d in e e e e

connection w ith wat r than by itsel f W ater is e .

a bett r conductor f l ctricity than t h dry

e o e e e

skin and henc facilitates its communication to

,
e

the body T h ordinary m thod f apply ing

. e e o

el ctricity is by attaching n pole f t h bat

e o e o e

t y to a m tallic p l ate placed in contact with

er e ,

some part f the body while the circuit is c m

o , o

p l
e et d by the application to the pati nt f a e o

moist sponge connected with the oth r pole e .

The operator often h olds one pole in his hand

and applies the other han d moistened to th , ,
e

part to be treat d H is in this way enabl d e . e e

to judge v ery accurate ly f the strength f the o o

1 42 u sE s o r WAT E R .

current applied The metalli c plate is frequ nt

. e

l y plac d at t h
e fe t f t h patient som tim s
e e o e ,
e e

in a foot bath T h spong may b appli d to

. e e e e

various parts f the body whil th pati nt is in

o e e e

a sitz bath For a g n ral application f l t i i

. e e o e ec r c

ty t h f ll bath i most conv nient

e u s e .

This bath is applicabl to a v ry large vari ty e e e

o f conditions To d scribe th m all would be to

. e e

give nearly all the ses f l ctricity as a r m di u o e e e e

a l agent which does not com w ithin th

,
scope e e

o f this work Th l ctric full bath has b n

. e e e ee

strongly r commend d f th r moval f miner

e e or e e o

a l poisons from th body J ust how ffi m e . e ca c us

it is in this r spect w cannot confid ntly affirm

e ,
e e .

Probably its valu h be n som wh at gg e as e e ex a er

ated O nly th primary or galvanic current

. e

could b f any s rvic in this dir ction

e o e e e .

E lectricity is generally acknowl dg d to be a e e

powerful rem dial agent ; but its e r quir s u se e e

costly apparat s and much skill in applicat ion

u .

It is necessary that th operator hould not only e s

understand the nature f dis as s and th prop r o e e e e

methods f applying l ctri ity in tr ating th m

o e e c e e ,

b t he must also thorough l y und rstand th gen

u e e

eral laws f e l ctricity T h l ctric bath is as

o e . e e e

badly ab s d by quacks and charlatans as the

u e

Turkish bath It should not b mploy d by . e e e

unskillful persons ; and f this and other rea or

sons given i t is not well adapted to home use

, .
 A PPL I C AT I O N S or WA T E R . 1 43

E BA T HLE C T R O VA P O R -
.

This is a combination f the electric and th e o

vapor bath th l ctricity being appli d to the

,
e e e e

body by means f t h spong and metallic plates o e e,

covered with moist n d cloths It is a valuable e e .

appliance if carefully used ; but like all effective ,

mod s f tr atm nt it is very liable to xcessive

e o e e ,
e

u s e,whic h b com s abus It has b en very high

e e e . e

l y laud d by c rtain sp cialists and doubtless its

e e e ,

val e has b n unstint d ly xagg rat d It is

u ee e e e e .

perhaps not w ll prov n that its ff cts e great e e e a re

l y superior to th e ff cts f t h vapor bath and e e o e

el ctric bath admini st r d s parately ; and the

e e e e

latt r mod wo ld b more conveni nt though

e e u e e ,

consuming a little more time .

BBI N G S HE E T
DR Y RU -
.

C ov r t h pati nt with a so ft d y sheet in the

e e e ,
r

sam mann r as dir ct d fo applyin g the wet

e e e e r

sh et in th rubbing w t sh t bath Th n rub

e e e -
ee . e

lightly but briskly upon th outside f the sh t e o ee

with the flat hand D n t rub w ith th sh et . o o e e ,

but ov r i t C ontinu th rubbing ten or fifteen

e . e e

minut s going over th whol body s v ral tim s

e ,
e e e e e ,

and not n gl cting the arms the hands and the

e e , ,

f et
e This applic tion may b administ red daily
. a e e

with profit to nearly all pati nts It should l e . a

ways foll o w any form f general bath in which o

water is employed as a means o f drying the body ,

.

I t promotes activity f th e s k in and equali e s o ,

z

the circulation .
1 44 US E S or W AT E R .

HA N D R U BBI N G
DRY -
.

This application is much the same in eff ct as e

the preceding though a littl mor soothing and

, e e ,

hence b tter adapt d to n rvous pati nts It

e e e e .

consist s in rubbing the body gently with the

palm f the dry hand The forc f the rubbing
o . e o

should be nicely g aduated to the condition f ther o

patient When employed to excite consid rabl

. e e

activity f the kin the rubbing may be a com

o S ,
e

a n i d with kneading f the abdom n and light e

p e o ,

percussion f the surface o .

Gentle rubbing f the kin is a very soothing o S

process It will freq ently induce leep when

. u S

other means a ineff ctual R bbing the back

re e . u

and lim bs downward and gentl rub bing f th ,

e o e

temples are very soothing to childr n and nerv

,
e

ous invalids .

A I R BA T H .

The air has a very soothing effect upon the

bo dy when allowed to come in contact with the
entire surface It ans w rs a v ery valua ble pur
. e

pose when water bath is impossible or when

a ,

the pati nt is too f eble to ndur the applica

e e e e

tion f water A sl eepless person will o ften fall

o .

into a sound and r fr shing slumber aft r walk e e e

ing a f w minut s in his room with t h whole

e e e

body exposed to the air T h ff cts f night . e e e o

labor upon literary people may b partially coun e

t t d by the air bath

e ra c e B enjamin Franklin .

was accustomed to pursu his writing to a late e

 A P P L l C AT I O N S or WA T E R .

hour aft r div sting himself f h i l t h ing and

e e o s c o ,

h recommends the practice to others comp ll d

e e e

to labor l ate with the p en .

BA T H SU N .

The valu f sunlight as a hygienic ag nt is so

e o e

universally recognized theoretically if not pra — e

tically that we n d not devot space to it con

-
e3 e s

Sideration in this connection S unlight is ssen . e

tial to th h althy p rformanc f th vital func

e e e e o e

tions and must b equally important as an aid

,
e

to remedial processes This fact has been m . a

ply demonstrated by hospital xperience which e ,

shows much larg r perc ntage f recoveries in

a e e o

rooms abundantly exposed to th sun than in e

those secluded from it s rays .

T h at th sun has a powerful influence upon

e

the skin is shown by th gr at increase f pig e e o

ment in t hat structure when fre ly exposed to e

the sunlight This r sults from an incr ased

. e e

activity f the cutaneous ti ssues

o .

E xperience has shown that the sun bat h can

be employed to advantage in most chronic dis
eases T h pati nt simply lies in a position in
. e e

which the naked skin can be freely exposed to

the rays f the sun The h ad h ould be shaded
o . e S .

The bath should not be continued so long as to

produce unpleasant effects ither upon the kin e S

or the general system It may be accompanied .

and follow d with the dry hand rubbing

e -
.
146 US E S or W AT E R .

BA T HI N G SE A -
.

B athing in the sea is much pr acticed by fash

i n bl p opl who mak
o a e annual visits to th
e e e e

s ea-c ast f this purpos It is no doubt us ful

o or e . e ,

though many who participat in it w ould doubt e

l ss rec iv quit as much b n fit if th y took s

e e e e e e e a

many b ths at home during th whole y ar as

a e e

th y tak at th fashionabl w atering pl ac s in a

e e e e -
e

S ingle w k It a fin thin g to be w l l wash d

ee . 1S e e e

onc a y ar h ow v r i f not mor o ften

e e ,
e e ,
e .

A g n rally conduct d
S e bathing is not mor
e e ,
s ea - e

b n ficial than harmful T h dissipation a com

e e . e e

panying it mor than count rbalances w hat good e e

might b gain d It is rather absurd to attrib te

e e . u

any sp cific virtu s to e wat r as many d e s ea - e ,

o .

$ it a
u larg busin
e ss is carri d on in theeevap e e

oration f wat r and th sal f th dirty

o s ea -
e e e o e

r sidu which is again dissolv d in wat r and

e e, e e

us d in ba thin g by those who live too f inland

e ar

to njoy t h b n fits f bathi ng in t h

e e or e e o e s ea ,

who pr f r to tak th ir e e bath in their own e e s ea -

privat bath room E v rything must have a

e -
. e

count rf it and so this

e e l t is imitat d by
,
s ea s a
’

bas swindl rs who pr par a mixture f ch mic

e e e e o e

als just as p ow rful but not quit so m pli t e ,

e co ca

e d and less dirty tho gh c rtainly eq al ly good

, ,
u e u .

All f this troubl and swindlin g might b sav d

o e e e

i f peopl would only consid r f

e a mom nt th e or e e

fact that all th benefit th y obtain from bath e e

ing is deriv ed from the exercise the temperature , ,

 A PP L IC AT I O N S O F WA T E R . 1 47

and pure water and not from any impuriti s ,

e

which t h wat r may ch ance to contain

e e .

S bathing is usually overdone M or b ne

ea -
. e e

fit will b gain d by n or t w daily bath than

e e o e o s

by a hal f doz n Fifty baths in a singl w k

-
e . e ee

are t quival nt to a single bath ach in fifty

no e e e

w ksee .

M E DI C AT E D BA T H S .

W hav no faith in m dicat d baths in g

e e e e en

e ral Th y are occasionally us f l f the de

. e e u or

struction f v rmin animal parasit s and p rhaps

o e ,
e ,
e

in c rtain cases f kin dis ase G nerally it is

e o S e . e ,

f
ar b tt r to tak the limpid l m nt S imon
e e e e e e
$

pur unadult rat d Many m dicat d baths

e,
$
e e . e e

hav acquired gr at c lebrity by th p rformanc

e e e e e e

o f cures really wond rful but wholly attributabl e ,

e

to wat r only in spit f rather than in j

e , e o ,
c on u nc

tion with th for ign medicam nt adde d

,
e e e .

O I L BA T H .

Inunction was gr atly pra tic d by t h ancients e c e e

in conn ction with the R oman and Turkish baths

e .

It consists in rubbing th skin v ry thoro ghly e e u

with some unctuous substance O liv il m y . e O a

b employed but cosmoline or vas line t w

e ,
e ,
o re

fined products f coal il are in som r spec t s O O ,

e e

preferable O live il cannot be btained pure

. O O ,

exc pt at almost fab lous prices That sold in

e u .

the drug sto s as l ive il is really cotton seed

re O O -

O il and mixt res f l ard wi t h various other v g

u O e

etabl e il s O .
148 US E S O F WA T E R .

A warm bath h ould first b administ red S e e .

Then dry the patient as usual and apply the , ,

unguent taking care to rub it,

thoroughly In .

S imply greasing the sur fac is not t h bj ect e e O

sought T h skin and fl esh h ould b work d

.

. e S e e ,

rubbed and kneaded u n til the il n arly di p

,
O e sa

pears from the surface .

Th bj ct f this p pl i t
e O e to supply the
O a ca l on Is

place f def ctiv natural secretion f leaginous

o e e o O

material to incr as the activity f th kin

,
e e O e S ,

and to diminish susc ptibility to col d H w this e . o

is accomplished readily appears T h oil is a , . e

Simple substitute f the s baceous secretion or e ,

which is in a certain class f dis ases notably

,
O e ,

d efici nt e Th thorough manipulation f the

. e o

skin which is necessary in applying the il and O ,

which is facilit ted by a l ubricant dir ctly pro a ,

e

mot s cutaneous activity W h ther the il itself

e . e O

has any direct effect in incr asing the functio n al e

activity f t h kin cannot b positiv ly affirmed

O e S e e ,

although it is reasonabl y supposable th at the

Sk in will act more nearly normal when a d fi e

cient el ment is suppli d than when it is want

e e

ing O il is an exc ll nt non conductor ; and in

. e e -

va l i d who are esp cially susceptible to cold may

s e

be rend red com fo tabl by the application f the

e r e O

O il bath .

T h class f cas s to which th i s r medy is p

e o e e a

plicable will be s fficiently well indicated by t h u e

purposes which the bath is supposed to subserve .

It should not be used indiscriminat ly O nce or e .

twice a week is su fficiently ften to mak e the p O a

 A PPL C AT I O N S
I O F W AT E R . 1 49

plication and each hould b followed by w rm

,
S e a a

bath with fine soap two or three days aft er , .

BA T H S N O VE L .

Numerous substances have be n employ d in e e

bathing under the idea that they possessed p

, e

cu li specific virt s ; the following are some f

ar ue O

the chi f e

M l B th
uo — Imm rsion f the body in warm
a e O

mud has been a favorite practice at several places

in Italy France Germany and o th er countries
, , , .

Th e eff cts are not very different from those f

e o

any warm bath and are said to be very pleasant , ,

by those who have tak n them If the mud e .

were not m edicated this kind f bath would not ,

O

be especially bjectionable f thos who could O or e

enjoy it .

E th B th
ar — B urying the body in t h moist
a e

earth has also been practiced We hav e known .

O f n instance in which this r m dy was success

o e e e

fully used i n the tr atment f agu e o e .

B ees
gg m i
’
l k
e b l o d w in
s, n d and g l ti n ,
o ,
e, s a ,
e a e

hav also b n employed by diff r nt nations at

e ee e e ,

diff r nt periods in bathing Non f these p

e e , . e O a

plications are sup rior to pure wat r which all e e ,

nature r cognizes as t h proper material f bat h

e e or

i n g purpos s e .

E N E M A .

F cal accumulations in the lower bow l

e e ar e

more quickly n d easily removed by n enema f a a o

warm wate th n by y pu g ativ e laxativ e or

r a an r
, ,
1 50 US E S O F WA T E R .

cathartic ev r discovered or invented ; and the

e

u se O f this remedy is n ver accompani d by the e e

unpleasant and painful griping and t n smus e e

which ft n accompany th O e f cathartics e u se o .

T h administration is a trifle more troublesome

e ,

but th r sults e nough sup ri or to more than

e are e e

r pay the inconveni nce T h fountain sy ri ge

e e . e n

is f pr ferable to any other f administ ring

ar e or e

inj ctions W at r about blood warm should be

e . e -

us d wh en th purpose is to r lieve constipation

e e e ,

and a consid rable quantity one to thr pints

— e ee ,

or mor may be used The water hould be

e — . S re

t in d f
a e a f w minutes while the bowels are
or e ,

kn aded and hak n In hemorrhage and i

e S e . h

fl m m ti n
a f th
a lower bowel
o O l or cold e ,
CO O

clysters should be mploy ed and hould be e ,

S re

t i d as long as possibl
a ne Th copious cool e . e

e n ma is a valuabl antiphlogistic rem dy us d

e e e e

in conj nction with the cool bath in cas s f vi

u e o

ol nt f brile excit ment as ty phoid f ver when

e e e ,
e ,

t h temp ratur ris s abov 1 0 3 F

°
e e e e e .

Th nema is a most perf ct substi t ut f

e e e e or

purgat ives in g n ral C ses v ry rar in e e . a

$

a re e e

which a cathartic drug will be fo nd n cessary if u e

t h en ma is prop rly us d
e e B t th nema m y e e . u e e a

b com a sourc f mischi f if abus d If habit

e e e O ~

e e .

ua l l y r li d pon to s cur a mov ment f th

e e u e e e O e

bo w els f a long time the bo w ls lose their

or ,
e ac

t i i ty and t h most obstinate constipation som

v ,
e e

tim s results precisely as fro m the prolonged e

e , us

o f p urg ative s.
 A PPL I C AT I O N S O F W AT E R . 1 51

I WATE R E ME T C .

Warm wat r at about 9 2 not hot wat r is

— e — °
e

a most xcell nt m tic if tak n in su ffici nt

e e e e e e

q antity It is prompt in action and is unac

u .
,

compani d by the pain ful nausea r tching and

e ,
e ,

straining produced by most oth r m tics From e e e .

hal f a pint to n or two quarts is r quir d to o e e e

produc m sis T h pati nt hould slowly

e e e . e e S

swallo w a tumblerf l th n r st two or thr u ,

e e ee

minutes nd swallow anoth r so continuing to

,
a e ,

drink f ten min t s or mor As soon as the

or u e e .

sl ight st disposition to vomit is f lt

e even if e — or

it is not felt aft r a consid rable quantity f w

,
e e o a

ter has b n t k n t h pati nt should touch t h

ee a e — e e e

back part f his mouth with t h n d f h i fin

O e e O s

ger or a f ath r as f down

e he can r ach
e ,
ar as e .

This w ill sually excit th d sired action I f it

u e e e .

do s n t all that n d be don is to continu

e o ,
ee e e

d inking A littl salt add d to th wat r will

r . e e e e

make it mor sick ning and will do no particular

e e ,

harm as it is thrown out again

,
.

It is not clai m d that the warm wat r m tic e -

e e e

ca n replac all oth r m tics in l l

e Wh n e e e a c a s es . e

instant vomiting is n c ssary as in cas s f pois e e ,

e o

oning som more promp t m tic may b us d

,
e e e e e

with it B t f all ordinary purpos s it clearly

. u or e ,

has no rival .

DR Y I HO T I
A PP L C A T O N S .

T h use f fomentations is ften less

e O O c o n ve n

ie nt o r desirab l e than d y applicatio ns r O f he at ,

1 52 US E S O F W AT E R .

which may be made in a variety f ways B t O . o

tles jugs or rubber bags fill d with hot water

, , ,
e ,

hot bricks or stones wrapp d in papers or cloths ,

e ,

hot cloths bags filled with hot sand salt or corn

, , ,

meal ,
all conveni nt methods f applying dry
a re e o

heat .

A f w suggestions with reference to the m n

e a

ner f using hot applications may be useful In

o .

applying heat to the feet wh n the rculat ion in e Ci

those organs is def ctive it is frequently i ffi e ,

n su

cient to apply the heat to the bottoms f the feet o ,

only For this r ason jugs or bottl s and stones

. e ,
e

a re O ften appli d W ithout e ff cting any atis facto ry

e e S

results A much more fli i t method is the f l

. e c en o

lo wing H at to a suitable temperat re two or

$ e u

three pounds f corn meal or salt Place the O .

salt or meal in a bag sufficiently large to envelop

the feet Aft r distrib ting it v nly thro gh
. e u e e u

t h bag wrap t h latter about t h f t and cover

e ,
e e ee

th m with a wool n blanket A rubber bag par

e e .

t i ll y filled with hot water is an excel lent ppli

a a

ance f in cases f n uralgia toothache and

or u s e o e , ,

nearly all acut pains in the region f th head e O e ,

as it will conform so p rf ctly to t h shape f e e e o

t h part to which it is appli d and may be used

e e ,

as a pill o w .

As a g n ral rul hot applications should not

e e e,

be continu d more than an hour or two at long

e ,

est without t least a transient application f a

, , a , o

low r t mperature T prolong d an applic

e e . O O e a

tion m y result in injury to the part

a .
 A PPL IC AT I O N S O F WAT E R . 1 53

D R I N KI N G W ATE R -
.

A a remedial agent water is f f

s gr at r , O ar e e

value than any oth r liquid tak n into th stom e e e

ach Its uses in preserving health have been

.

previously noticed U nder ordinary circum .

stanc s a p rson in health who discards i it t

e ,
e rr a

ing condiments from his di t seldom requires e

drink M ny persons take no drink what v r

.
a e e

during the winter months B t drin k ing is . u

healt h ful and pur wat r f proper temperature

,
e e o

m y be tak n by any one n health or dis ase f

$

a e I e I

it is ta ken in the proper manner Drinking at .

meals is an unwhol some practice Drinkin g e .

larg quantiti s f ic d water is unh althf l

e e o e e u .

C old water should not be tak n freely wh n the e e

drinker is hot or xhausted The thirst wil l be e .

quenched as readily by slo w ly ipping a small S

quantity In fevers water should b freely l

.
, e a

lowed A glass f cool water tak n half an ho r

. o e u

before breakfast is an excell nt remedy f h e or a

bit l constipation
ua .

Water drinking may be made a means o f bath

-

ing th internal structur s as external applica

e e ,

tions bathe the outside Water is rapidly b . a

sorbed by the mucous m mbrane f the stomach e o ,

and pas ing th ci gh the circulation it dissol ves

,
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many impurities an d is eliminated chiefly by the

,

kidney and s kin It can be used with benefit

s .

in connection with the vapor ba th hot air bath ,

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an d all ba ths in which weating is induced It S .

K
154 mm or WAT E R .

should not b used in such gr at xcess as it w

e e e as

employ d by th arly hydropathist s however

e e e , ,

whose patients drank from t to thirty glass s en e

of w at r a day e .

Fr e drink ing f wat r is useful in cases in

e o e

which t h urine is scanty and irritating I t

e .

gives r lief by diluting t h urinary xcr tions

e e e e .

H O W T O M A KE A F I LT E R .

For drinking and f all ordinary purposes it ,

or ,

is f t h great est importanc that water hould

O e e S

be as pure as possible W h n water w hich is

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fil t red rain water h ould be employed

e A v ry S . e

use ful fil ter can b asily and cheaply const ruct d e e e

in the follo wing manner $

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bottom f a large arthen jar or fl w pot

,
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stones about the ize f ggs Fill t h jar to s o e . e

within t vg or thre nch s f the top wi t h qual

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parts f fine clean grav l n d pulv riz d ch r

o , e a e e a

coal C ov r the jar with a cle n whi t cloth

. e a ,
e ,

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e

top T h center f t h cloth cov r should be l

. e o e e a

lowed to hang do w n into the vess l so as to form e

a hollo w int o which t h water may be pour d e e ,

the clo t h erving as s t rainer to remove th

s a e

co r er dir t T h cloth houl d b fre q uently

a s . e s e

cl ans d and t h gravel and charcoal should b

e e ,
e e

r en w d at least once a year

e e .
 H E AL T H P U B L I C A T IO N S .

n am i ly P h y i i an
Th e H y g ie ic F s c .

anual w ll a a
Am a ly rb l lan ua
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all n a v ar ul r n ra n h w hu
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ar h al h un l h
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c e of th e e t . Bo d in c ot ,

Th U f W at r ie H alt h ses d Di a o e n e an se se .

h w rk r a k h
T is h ry ba h an x lana n
c o mp ises etc of th isto of t in g , ti o
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of th t i es u d e ffe c ts O f te d e sc i p ti o o f th d i ffe t i ds
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ope e e
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of t s , a nd di e c t io fo r i g te a s em e d fo r d i s e te
r n a ur all a valuabl a jun hrr
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i s n o t p es e te d a s $ $
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d i es , a n d i n s o m e c a s e s t h mo st s ef of ti g e ts T is
w ll r v a val abl u h wh y wa r r a n
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i i de t o t wh is to empl o te in t ti g
a hl i n n n l h
p o e u g e o se o e

d is ea s e P mp et edi t o 1 36 pp 25 ce ts A fin e e d it i o in c ot 1 60
n
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pp .
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60 ce ts .

H al t h d D i a f W man
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ra
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w ll av by r ar av n
e e e s o g . o

e ry i be o i de d eg di n g i t s d ic e . 1 5 c e ts .

Th Hy g i ni S y t m e e c s e .

Anx lana n rn l a y tio r a n a wh h f th p i c ip of ste m of t ti g d is e ic

n w h ru n ra al r un r n
e p O e es s e se

dis p e it d and p o i s o s I t is dic te s e , a nd c o m p o m is i

av a ru ry uar r n
s es gs .
, g,
and v gi es th e d oc t es O fd gge no q te . 15 ce ts .

H al t h fu l C k r y e oo e .

an k
AH W ha
d- B o o Wh n of F o o d a nd Di e t ; t to E at, to E at , a nd H o w to
n a n a lar nu b r r r ara n wh l
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ala abl w h n n l any y

. co s ge e O e p ep o e

s o m e a nd t fo o d it o ut dim e t s A m ost d s p ep t i c ca n

ur h l ak n rul any ar ully

p e co .

im se f b y m i g i t h is e of di e t and wh ef fo l
lw a h n w ll r a a n n n n
c e o ne o c

o s i ts t e c i g s i be p o of g i st i d ig e s t io . 1 28 p p . 25 ce ts .

A E ay T ba U i ng n ss on o cco -
s .

h l l w rk x l n
T is it t ba hu an y ai th e e ffe c t s o f to th m s t em , to
h rw h h all h r n fin a l y
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get it t os e o f ot p o iso It ds fo r t h of

ba a h ull y vl n
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to cc o , a n d f it f de pi c ts i ts e i s . 15 ce ts .

Th E vi l e f F a h i nab l Dr s d H w t
O s o e ess, an o o

D r H al t h f lly ess e u .

rA c a h nabl
it i c i s m l rf th nn fnu io m o de s of a di es
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O e s e ess ,

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r a an ly wr r a bl y a n abl
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t ted di d and th e i te dm i ts th p ossi i it of co m m e d

r r r wh h w ll x w ar r r ul a un
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e fo m in d ic i no t e p o se th e to id ic on t of

ul ar v ry la y u h r a r fi by u
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i t s p ec i i ti e s . E e d o g t t o e d it and p o t i ts s g g e s t i o ns .

1 0 c e nt s .
W C o n t i nu e d o n ne x t p ag e .
 A l c o h o li c P o is o n
Th e P h y s i ca l , Mora l ,
‘

a nd S o ci a l E fiec ts of A l co h o l as a B evera g e a nd

h w r fin ru
T is k deran x la n na ur al h l t te m p e i th t e of a nd th e
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f i t s p od c t i o , d e s c i e s i t s p sic e ffec t s th m od

h b by a ral al n au
e O po e ,

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r r ur vl n ran an w r runk ar ar u n
ex e c

f th i of i te m p e th e d d ’
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f of d i i g , e p o se s th e f c ie s o f c o h o i c m e d i c t io , a n d de fe d s

bl a a n u a n ha a v a av r
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th Bi g i s t t h e i m p t t io t t i t d o c t e s or f o s t h e f al

h ll r nk m ran rk r w ll h a u l aux l ary

e e u se O

d i Te pe c e wo i fi nd t i s s e fu i i
n
co o e s . e s .

1 2 8 pp . 20 ce ts .

Di t f M n
'

P p ro er e or a .

A n u ary c is e s v n u n wh h
mm ra f th i de ic th
0
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ba nan h lar r w rk am ubj

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w h a nal ar u n n
. co s e O ge o e s e s

it s o me dd i t i o g m e ts . 15 ce ts .

H alt h d T m p eran e T a t an e ce r c s .

A P a c ka g e f 1 5 Tra c ts ti ng nea r l y 250 p p 30 cents .

a un au rvn
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a g g r eg a .

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ur
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c e it .

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l o t h i n g — A d esc i p t i o O f t h e e i s O ff s io e d e ss , a n d

r n l h n b y h al h ully
.

di e c ti o s fo r c o t i g th e od e t f

nr u n ubj
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P i n c i p l es m of H ea l t h Re fo r — An i t od c t io t o th e s ect

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r fil hy w
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fo r v ry k r h w r
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t fo m
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r — an r r an x ar l n a
. .

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r n h al h y l r
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al h l r u n
c

et ti e s of co o an d th e m o d e o f i t s p o d c ti o
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.
,

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ll n a n h n
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a
.

a nd s t t is t i c s

Cu r an v l ra ru
.

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ur nly i n r y n p e e e

so c e , a nd th e o e ff c i e t em ed poi te d o u t

u um m l r ua n
.

Th Dr nk a r d s r ’
Ar g e nt s Answ e ed . —A et e ef t ti o of th
ar u n av r
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g m e t s i n f o o f ru m

x ur vl al
.

Al c o h M —
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al h l u l n
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co o and it s s e e ss ess

n bl a a n r
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b se of th g i st th e o ft - ep ea t e d

h r ha av r rm n r nk
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c a ge t t it f o s th e u se o f fe e te d d i s .

T h es e tr a c ts a re f u rn is h e d a t th e r a te o f 80 0 p a g es f or o ne do lla r . A li bera l d is
cou n t by th e q u a nti ty

r
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Add es s , H E AL TH RE F O R ME R, B a ttl e C r e ek , M i c h .
 D r e s s R ef o r m Pa t t e r n s .

ll w n a rn fin ly a a
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of h al h ul l h n
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aa h l r n w ll a ul
. .

d p te d t o c i d e as e as d ts .

N o. ann l un r ar n
1 w rn n x
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wh l b y r m n wr ank l r
. .

th e o e od f o ec k t o i s ts a n d es . P ic e , 50 c ts .

N b arm n b n n h raw r arran w h

i i g c e mi s e a n d d
A g e s, e g ed
t c om it bu t
n u r kr kn r h ul r
o . .

to s s o as t o s p p o t t h e s i t s a n d s t o c i g s f o m t h e s o de s TO be
w rn n x r n ar n wahr r
.

o e t t o t h e p e c e di g g m e t i n wo l d e t e P i c e , 5 0 c ts . .

N h ar n b n h
3 raw r al u l
T is g me t com i es c em i s e an d d e s , a nd so s p p i es
la r ha h hav b n a u
o . .

‘
th c e of th e co s et s o e fll c ie n t l y t t t os e wh o e ee cc s to m e d

w ar n la r ar l ha y n wh a nl
e p
to i g th e tt e t i c e a re pp t o d i s pe se it it a ft er si

r al h r bu r ly hu a r n all
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t i O f t i s d es s I t i s c u t t o fit t h e st p e fe c t t s ffo d i g de
rabl u r r w h l h m l
.
,

si e s ppo t . P ice , it c ot ode , 7 5 c ts .

N o. 4 h ma h rl
G a br i e l l e D hr r es s T is m a y b e de ei t e o ng o r s o t to
u w ar r W h n rn w h an h ul r m
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s i t th e t as t e O f th e e e e wo it p ts i t s o d be f o s ix

nn nh r m r h wh a an
.

to i e i c es f o th e flo o T ose wh o do not is to do p t th e p ts
w ar r hr n h r m r w h r raw r
.

m ay e th e d ess t wo or t ee i c es f o th e flo o it d ess d
n r
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and l eg g i s . P ic e , 5 0 c ts .

W eal urn h a rn k r an s h r r a r
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m a ur n h wa un r m hr n h b l w
. . . .

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wa W h ba k a r h ul r n h raw r r m
. . . e

is t 6 idt of c c o ss s o de s 7 L e gt of d e s f
wa wn n h ba k r k wa n h l v
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s ide 10L e gt O f s ee e o t s id e 11 L e gt of s o e 12 A d
n k r un m $h h $
. . . . . . o

ec . 13 A o d ar.
-
s i ze ig up .

Wh n r r m n w ll ma
e de s i r a nabl ra
ed , gabl e ts i be de a t as e so e t es asp o ss i e ,
a nd s en by x r t a rn w ll n e a r p es s Th e p t te s i be se t , p o st p id , on ec e ip t o f t h e

r ark W l y an x r n r mak r a rn
-
.

p ic e s m ed e em p o e pe ie c ed d e s s- e to cu t p t te s a nd

ak ar n ha all m l ur b a n n a r r
.

m e g me ts , so t t ay fee s e O f o t i i g g oo d fit if p o pe

m a ur
e s n W h ha
e s a re s e r n w ll a l ava l h m t e op e t t ou r f ie d s i not f i to i t e

l v h O r un y b a n n ju wha y n h r al h
.

se es O f t is p po t it fo r o t i i g st t th e ee d fo r t ei he t
r nv n n
,

c o m fo t, and c o e ie ce.

GAR ME K E
N T a nd al h fi S TO C ING S U PP O R T R S a re so k ep t at t is O f ce .

A ddr H E A L T H RE F O RME R
ess , .

B a ttl e Creek, Mi c h .
Health Reform Ins t itute,
B A T r ials CR E E K, M I C E .

Th i s I n s ti tu ti o n i s a d mi r a bly l o c a te d o n a s i t e o f t w e n ty
a c r e s i n th e h igh es t p a r t O f t h e p l e a s a n t a nd e n te r r i s i n g
p
c i t y O f B a t tl e C r e e k c o mm a nd i n g a fin e p r o s e c t
,

p a n d a f
fo rd i n g a m p l e O pp o r tun i ti e s fo r e n t e r ta i n m e n t q u i et a n d
, ,

r e ti r e m e n t
, ,

W i t h a c o m p e t e n t c o r p s O f P hy s i c i a n s a n d H e l p e r s i t O f
.

fe r s t o t h e s i c k i ndu c e m e n t s th a t a r e O fi e r e d b y fe w o th e r s
,
'

Di s e a s e s a r e t r e a te d i n a t h o r o u g h a n d s c i e n t i fic m a nn e r
.

a n d w i t h a d e g r e e O f s u c c e s s i mp o s s i b l e und e r a n m
,

y o t h e r o d e
o f tr e a t m e n t T h e p r i n c i p a l c ur a t i v e a g e n t s e m p l oy e d a r e
.

E l ec tr i c i t y , W ater ,
S w ed i s h Mo vem ent s . H o t A ir
B ath , and R us si an Vap o r B at h .

L
B A T T E C RE E Ki s a n p o r t a n t s t a t o n o n t h e M im i i h ig n c a
C en t r a l a n d C h c a o i g L ur o n a o a d s a n
ake H R i lr d i y s ea s

P r ti ul r
,

O f a c c e s s fr o m a l l p a r t s O f t h e c o un try w F o r a c a s
i o n a p p l i c a ti o n
.

s e e C r c ul a r , s e n t F r e e .

A ddr es s , HE A L T H I N S T I T U T E ,

BAT T L E C R E E K, M I C H .

Th g b u i ld i n g i b th A MPLE d E LE GAN T
e C o ll e e s o an a nd

gr und L AR GE d B E AUT I F UL T h rp
,

th e o s are an e co s O f
P r f r m p r i In tru t r i n l l th E n gl i h b r n h
.

o es s o s co s es s c o s a e s a c es,
th N tur l S i n
e a ad b th A n i n t d M d r
c e L c es , an o c e an o e n an

g u g O f th h i f t t r t i n f t h i I n t i t u t i
a es , ne O e c e a ac o s o s s on is
t h e fa c t t h at it is
Co nd u cte d on H y g ie ni c P r i nc i pl e s .

Th e Pr o fe s s o r s a r e a l l hy gi e n i s ts
ul c a t e hy gi e n i c and in c
in t h e i r d a i ly i n s t ru c t i o n s
T h e C o ll e g e h a s a full
,

t ru th s
C h a r t e r fr o m th e S t a te a n d i s e m p o w e r e d t o c o n fe r Di p l o m a s
.

T E RM S o f T U IT I O N a r e v e ry r e a s o n a b l e Go o d hy gi e n i c
,

b o a r d c a n b e O b ta i n e d a t v e ry m o d e r a t e r a te s
.

r O n
W i te Te m J
ll w
T e m s fo r 1 8 7 6—7 p eall r u u n nu n
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.

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B AT T LE C R E E K C O L LE GE
.

Addr es s , ,

B a ttl e Cr eek, Mi ch .
 i M P RO V E D W AT E R F IL T E R .

a any r a a r r nua ul
HE c c o mp i ng cut is
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i nv n n
O f o ne o f th e g e t e s t a nd m o s t s e f
e —K
tio s O f th e ag e ed z t e s I mp r oved
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ir
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.

i s s o p e fe c t t t it ec o

of awfill r ar hanl h hw h a un
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m o s t p o i c c a u s e s O f s i c n e s s a nd d e t .

T HO U S ANDS U S E T HE M
A nd dm i e t e m , a n d a rea h rr h i n y allu r a y a ly
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in
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S ix Month s on T rial for 5 0 ct s .

W S end Address for S pecimen Copy W .

A ddr e s s , H E AL TH RE F O R ME R,
B a tt l e C re e k , M i c h .