KYAMBOGO UNIVERSITY

BACHELOR OF ENEGINEERING IN ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING
YEAR THREE; SEMESTER TWO
TEEE 3203 INSTALLATION DESIGN AND CONTRACTING
LECTURE 10: ELECTRICAL DESIGN CONSIDRATIONS
FOR RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

Prepared by: Julius Plucker

Email: [email protected]
Mob: 0705666065

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LECTURE 10: ELECTRICAL DESIGN CONSIDRATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL
BUILDING

When choosing/considering residential installation and positioning of equipment’s, the

following general rules guidelines have to be taken into account;
1. Every installation is to be properly protected near the point of entry of supply cables by
2- linked main switch and a fuse unit.

2. Conductor used is to be of such a size that it carries load current safely.

3. Every sub-circuit is to be connected to a distribution fuse board.

4. A switch board is to be installed so that its bottom lies at list 1.25mts above the floor.

5. All plugs & socket outlets are of 3-pin type

6. All incandescent lamps are to be hung at height of 2.5mt above the floor

7. No fuse or switch is to be provided in earthed conductor

8. In any building, light, fan power wiring are to be kept separately.

9. Unless otherwise specified, the clearance between the bottom most point of the ceiling
fan and the floor shall be not less than 2.4 m. the minimum clearance between the ceiling
and the plane of the blade shall be not less than 30 cm.

10. Each 15 A socket outlet provided in building for the use of domestic appliances such as
AC, water cooler etc.

11. Each socket outlet shall be controlled by a switch which shall preferably be located
immediately adjacent thereto or combined therewith.
12. Ordinary socket outlet may be fixed at any convenient place at a height above 20 cm
from the floor level. In a situation where the socket outlet is accessible to children, socket
outlet which automatically gets screened by the withdrawal of plug is preferable.

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PRINCIPLES OF CIRCUIT DESIGN IN LIGHTING AND POWER CIRCUITS
The following levels of illumination can be recommended in any domestic installations.
Exact specs can be obtained in installation standards such as Electrical or installation
regulations.

Procedures for designing the circuits and deciding the number of circuits
• Balancing of circuit in 3 phase installation has to be planned before hand. It is
recommended that all socket outlets in a room are connected to one phase.

• Power sub-circuits have to be kept separate and distinct from light and fan sub-circuit.
All wiring must be on the distribution system with main and branch distribution boards
convenient physical and electrical load centers.
• It is recommended to provide at least two lighting sub-circuits in each house. Separate
lighting circuits be utilized for all external lightings of steps, walkways, porch, car park
terrace etc. with two way switch control.

• Whatever the load to be fed is more than 1 kW, it shall be controlled by an isolator switch
or MCB

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• Switch boards shall not be erected above gas stove or sink or within 2.5 m of any washing
unit in the washing room.

• A switch board shall not be installed at height less than 1.25 m from floor level, unless
the front of the switch board is completely enclosed by a door.

• Energy meters shall be installed at a height where it is convenient to note the meter
reading; it should preferably not be installed at a height not less than 1 m from the ground.

SELECTION OF TYPE OF WIRING AND RATING OF WIRES AND CABLES

a. Conduit wiring :
• Rigid non-metallic conduits are used for surface, recessed and concealed conduit wiring.
Conductors of ac supply and dc supply shall be bunched in separate conduits. The
numbers of insulated cables that may be drawn into the conduit are given in table.

Maximum permissible number of 1.1 kV grade single core cables that may be drawn into
rigid non metallic conduits. Conduit must be fixed by saddles secured to suitable wood
plugs or other plugs with screws at an interval of not more than 60 cm. Whenever
necessary, bends or diversions may be achieved by bending the conduits or by employing
normal bends, inspection bends, inspection boxes, elbows or similar fittings.

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 b. Load calculations and selection of size of conductor

c. Selection of rating of main switch, distribution board

i. List of standard Iron Clad main switches for domestic purpose:
a) DPIC (Double Pole Iron Clad) main switch: 5,15 or 30 A, 240V or DPMCB (Double
Pole Miniature Circuit Breaker): 5, 10, 16, 32 and 63 A, 240 V

b) TPIC (Triple Pole Iron Clad) main switch: 30, 60, 100, 200 A, 415 V or TPMCB
(Triple Pole Miniature Circuit Breaker): 16, 32 and 63 A, 415 V, beyond this TPMCCB
(Triple Pole Molded Case Circuit Breaker): 100, 200, 300 and 500 A, 660 V

c) TPN main switch: 30, 60, 100, 200, 300 A,415 V or TPNMCB: 16, 32, 63A, 415
V, beyond this TPNMCCB: 100, 200, 300, 500 A, 660 V.
ii. Selection of Main Distribution Board: The Main Distribution Board is a fuse box or MCB
box where different sub-circuits are terminated. Numbers of sub-circuits are decided based
on the total connected load or total number of points.

d. Protective switchgear ELCB and MCB and wiring accessories

• There shall be circuit breaker or a linked switch with fuse on each live conductor of the
supply mains at the point of entry. The main switch shall be easily accessible and shall be
situated near to the termination of service line.

• Branch distribution board has to be provided with a fuse or a miniature circuit breaker
(MCB) or both of adequate rating / setting.

• Light and fans may be wired on a common circuit. Such sub-circuit shall not have more
than a total of 10 points of light, fan and 5 A socket outlets. The load of such circuit shall

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be restricted to 800 Watts. Power sub-circuit shall be designed according to the load but in
no case shall there be more than two 15 A outlets on each sub-circuit.

• The load on any low voltage sub circuit shall not exceed 3000 Watts. In case of new
installation, all circuits and sub-circuits shall be designed by making a provision of 20%
increase in load due to any future modification.

• The distribution fuse board shall be located as near as possible to the centre of the load.
These shall be fixed in suitable stanchion or wall and shall not be more than 2 m from the
floor level.

• All conductors may be of copper or aluminium. Conductor for final sub-circuit of fan and
light wiring shall have a nominal cross sectional area not less than 1 Sq. mm copper and
1.5 Sq. mm aluminium. The cross sectional area for power wiring shall be not less than 2.5
Sq. mm copper, 4 Sq. mm aluminium. The minimum cross sectional area of conductors of
flexible cord shall be 0.5 Sq. mm copper.

EARTHING OF RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATION

Earthing or grounding means connecting all parts of the apparatus (other than live part) to
the general mass of earth by wire of negligible resistance. This ensures that all parts of the
equipment other than live part have to be at earth potential (ie, zero potential) so that the
operator shall be at earth potential at all the time, thus will avoid shock to the operator.
The neutral of the supply system is also solidly earthed to ensure its potential equal to zero.
Earthing shall generally be carried out in accordance with the requirement of Electricity
Regulations. Read about Electricity Regulations.
• All medium voltage equipment have to be earthed two separate and distinct connections
with earth through an earth electrode. In the case of high and extra high voltage the neutral
point must be be earthed by not less than two separate and distinct connections.
• Each earth system must be so devised that the testing of individual earth electrode is
possible. It is recommended that the value of any earth system resistance shall not be more
than 5 Ω, unless otherwise specified.

• Under ordinary conditions of soil, use of copper, iron or mild steel electrodes is
recommended. In direct current system, however due to corrosive action, it is recommended

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to use only copper electrode. Use similar materials for earth electrode and earth conductors
to avoid corrosion.

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SEQUENCE TO BE FOLLOWED FOR PREPARING ESTIMATE
Sequence to be followed in carrying out the estimate are:
1. Wiring layout: Prepare building plan on a suitable scale and mark electrical points,
switch boards, main board, meter board, distribution board etc. on the plan using specified
symbols. The path of wiring showing connection to each point is marked by a little thick
line.

2. Calculation of total connected load: The total connected load and hence the total
current is calculated for deciding the cable size, rating of main switch board and
distribution board.

3. Selection of Main Switch: Once the connected load is calculated, the main switch can
be conveniently selected from the available standard switch list.

List of standard Iron Clad main switches for domestic purpose:

d) DPIC (Double Pole Iron Clad) main switch: 5,15 or 30 A, 240V or DPMCB (Double Pole
Miniature Circuit Breaker): 5, 10, 16, 32 and 63 A, 240 V

e) TPIC (Triple Pole Iron Clad) main switch: 30, 60, 100, 200 A, 415 V or TPMCB (Triple Pole
Miniature Circuit Breaker): 16, 32 and 63 A, 415V, beyond this TPMCCB (Triple Pole
Molded Case Circuit Breaker): 100, 200, 300 and 500 A, 660 V

f) TPN main switch: 30, 60, 100, 200, 300 A, 415V or TPNMCB: 16, 32, 63A, 415
V, beyond this TPNMCCB: 100, 200, 300, 500 A, 660 V.
4. Selection of Main Distribution Board: The Main Distribution Board is a fuse box
or MCB box where different sub-circuits are terminated. Numbers of sub-circuits are
decided based on the total connected load or total number of points.
5. Assumptions: the conditions which are not specified in the question may be assumed
conveniently. Eg:- location of main switch board, switch boards, height of building(if not
specified)

6. Calculation of length of conduit: To avoid duplicity in calculating the length of

conduit pipe, this may be calculated in three stages.
(a) The conduit installed from switch board up to horizontal run (HR) including from main
switch or DB to HR.
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(b) The conduit on walls running parallel to the floor ie, the HR below ceiling.

(c) The conduit installed between HR and ceiling, along ceiling & ceiling to last point on HR.

The total length of conduit is calculated by adding the length of conduit obtained from the
three stages and including 10% wastage.
7. Calculation of length of phase wire and neutral wire: The phase wire and neutral
wire is calculated sub-circuit wise. Once it is calculated, wastage of 15% is included.

8. Calculation of length of earth wire: The earth wire is run along the conduit. The
calculations are carried out in length but it is converted in to weight while preparing
material table.

9. Preparing Material Table: The material table should be prepared with complete
specification of each item.
10. Prepare the costing. The estimates can be rough then followed by detailed costs.

PREPARATION OF DETAILED ESTIMATES AND COSTING OF

RESIDENTIAL INSTALLATION.

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Domestic dwellings/Residential buildings include any buildings in which sleeping
accommodation is provided for normal residential purpose with cooking and dining
facilities.
(1) Estimation of load requirements
• The electrical installation in this area mainly consists of lights, fans, electrical appliances
and other gadgets. In estimating the current to be carried, following ratings are
recommended.

(2) Number of points in branch circuit :

Recommended numbers of points for dwelling units can be follows

(3) Number of socket outlets :

Recommended schedule of socket outlets for various sub-units can be as follows

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