Types of Communicative Strategy

Oral Communication in Context

Types of Communicative Strategy
1. Nomination 
 A speaker carries out nomination to collaboratively and productively establish
a topic. Basically, when you employ this strategy, you try to open a topic with
the people you are talking to.
 presenting a particular topic clearly, truthfully, and saying only what is
relevant
 It is a strategy that can also be applied any time during the course of an
interaction as a way of continuing the communication. When this strategy is
used, the topic is introduced in a clear and truthful manner, stating only what
is relevant to keep the interaction focused.
Examples:
o "Do you have anything to say?"
o "Have you heard the news about the prettiest girl in school?"
o "Now, it’s your turn to ask questions."
o "Does that make sense to you?"
2. Restriction
 Restriction in communication refers to any limitation you may have as a
speaker. 
 constraining the response or reaction within a set of categories
 strategy that constrains or restricts the Response of the other person involved
in the Communication Situation. The Listener is forced to respond only within
a set of categories that is made by the Speaker.
Examples:
o In your class, you might be asked by your teacher to brainstorm on peer
pressure.
o When you were asked to deliver a speech in a specific language. 
3. Turn-Taking
 Turn-taking pertains to the process by which people decide who takes the
conversational floor. There is a code of behaviour behind establishing and
sustaining a productive conversation, but the primary idea is to give all
communicators a chance to speak.
 recognizing when and how to speak because it is one’s turn
 requires that each Speaker speaks only when it is his/ her turn during
interaction. Knowing when to talk depends on watching out for the verbal and
nonverbal cues that signal the next Speaker that the previous Speaker has
finished or the topic under discussion has been exhausted and a new topic
may be introduced. At the same time, it also means that others should be
given the opportunity to take turn. Turn-taking Communicative Strategy uses
 either an informal approach (just jump in and start talking) or a formal
approach (permission to speak is requested).
Example:
o Can we all listen to the one who talk in front of us? 
o "Excuse me? I think we should speak one at a time, so we can clearly
understand what we want to say about the topic."
o "Go on with your ideas. I'll let you finish first before I say something."
4. Topic Control
 Topic control covers how procedural formality and informality affects the
development of topics in conversation. This only means that when a topic is
initiated, it should be collectively developed by avoiding unnecessary
interruptions and topic shifts.
 keeping the interaction going by asking questions and eliciting a response
 This is simply a question-answer formula that moves the discussion forward.
This also allows the Listener or other participants to take turns, contribute
ideas, and continue the discussion.
Example:
o "One of the essential lessons I gained from the discussion is the
importance of sports and wellness to a healthy lifestyle."
5. Topic Shifting
 Topic shifting, as the name suggests, involves moving from one topic to
another. In other words, it is where one part of a conversation ends and
where begins. 
 introducing a new topic followed by the continuation of that topic
 strategy that is useful in introducing another topic. This strategy works best
when there is follow-through so that new topic continues to be discussed.
Examples:
o "By the way, there's a new shop opening at the mall"
o “In addition to what you said about the beautiful girl is that she is also
smart."
6. Repair
 Repair refers to how speaker address the problems in speaking, listening,
and comprehending that they may encounter in a conversation. 
 overcoming communication breakdown to send more comprehensible
messages
Examples:
o "Excuse me, but there are 5 Functions of Communication not 4."
o "I'm sorry, the word should be pronounced as pretty not priti."
7. Termination
 Termination refers to the conversation participants’ close-initiating expressions that
end a topic in a conversation. 
 using verbal and nonverbal signals to end the interaction
 ends the interaction through verbal and nonverbal Messages that both Speaker and
Listener send to each other. Sometimes the Termination is quick and short.
Sometimes it is prolonged by clarification, further questions, or the continuation of
 the topic already discussed, but the point of the language and body movement is to
end the communication.
Examples:
o "Best regards to your parents! See you around!
o “It was nice meeting you. Bye!"
o "That is all for today class, goodbye!"
References:
 https://prezi.com/f1e1acwst7mt/types-of-communicative-strategies/
 https://www.slideshare.net/englishIT/communication-strategies-70782108