1(a).

i. Complete the electron configuration of a bromide ion.

1s2......................................................................................................................................................
[1]
ii. A student adds a small volume of aqueous silver nitrate to an aqueous solution of bromide ions in a test-tube. The student then
adds a similar volume of dilute aqueous ammonia to the same test-tube.

Describe what the student would see in the test-tube after the addition of aqueous ammonia.
[1]
iii. Write an ionic equation for any precipitation reaction which occurs in the student's tests.

Include state symbols.

[1]
 

  (b). The Group 7 element chlorine reacts with sodium hydroxide, NaOH, under different conditions to give different products.

i. Chlorine reacts with aqueous sodium hydroxide to form bleach.

Write the equation and state the conditions for this reaction.

equation ...............................................................................................................................................
.

conditions ..............................................................................................................................................
..
[2]
ii. Under different conditions, chlorine reacts differently with aqueous sodium hydroxide.

A disproportionation reaction takes place as shown below.

3Cl2(g) + 6NaOH(aq) → 5NaCl(aq) + NaClO3(aq) + 3H2O(l)

State what is meant by disproportionation and show that disproportionation has taken place in this reaction.

Use oxidation numbers in your answer.

 
 
 

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 1 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
  
 
[3]

2. A student carries out the following experiment to investigate the reaction between hexane and chlorine. The chlorine is made by reaction
of aqueous sodium chlorate(I) with dilute hydrochloric acid.

 
Procedure Observations
1 cm of hexane is mixed with 1 cm dilute aqueous sodium
3 3
The mixture forms two colourless layers.
chlorate(I) in a test-tube.
The acid mixes with the lower layer, which turns a pale green
1 cm3 dilute hydrochloric acid is slowly added to the mixture.
colour.
The pale green colour moves to the upper layer, leaving the
The tube is then stoppered and shaken.
lower layer colourless.
The tube is placed under a bright light and shaken at regular
The pale green colour slowly disappears leaving two colourless
intervals for about 10 minutes. The stopper is loosened regularly
layers after about 10 minutes.
to release any pressure.

i. The reaction between aqueous sodium chlorate(I) and dilute hydrochloric acid produces aqueous sodium chloride as well as
chlorine.

Suggest an equation for this reaction.

[2]
ii. Outline a simple practical test that would confirm the presence of chloride ions in the lower layer, and give the expected result.

test:
   ...................................................................................................................................................
result:
  ...................................................................................................................................................
 
[2]
iii. Name the apparatus that could be used to separate the two liquid layers present at the end of the experiment.

[1]
 

3. * Describe and explain the relative reactivity of the halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, in their redox reactions with halides, using
reactions on a test-tube scale.

Include reaction equations and observations in your answer.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
[6]
 

4. A student carries out a number of experiments on transition metal compounds.

4.800 g of a green hydrated crystalline solid A are heated in a crucible to remove the water of crystallisation. 1.944 g of water are removed
to leave 0.0180 mol of solid residue B.

Solid B contains 32.8%, by mass, of the transition metal.

All of B is reacted with AgNO3(aq) to form 7.695 g of a white precipitate, C.

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 2 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
The green crystalline solid A is dissolved in water to produce a green solution containing a complex ion, D.

When aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to solution of D, a grey–green precipitate, E, is observed, which dissolves in excess aqueous
sodium hydroxide to form a green solution.

Determine the formulae of A, B, D and E.

Show all your working.

 
  A = .......................................... D = ..........................................  
  B = ............................................ C = ............................................ [9]
 

5. On gently heating, the compound KCl O3 reacts as shown in the equation.

  4KCl O3(s) → KCl (s) + 3KCl O4(s)

This reaction is an example of disproportionation.

i. State what is meant by disproportionation and use oxidation numbers to show that disproportionation has taken place.
 

[3]
ii. What is the systematic name for KCl O4?
[1]
 

6. This question refers to the elements in the first three periods (H → Ar) of the Periodic Table.

Select an element from the first three periods that fits each of the following descriptions.
i. The element that forms a 1− ion with the same electron configuration as helium.
 
   [1]
ii. The element with the highest first ionisation energy.
 
   [1]

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 3 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 iii. The element in Period 3 which has the successive ionisation energies shown below.
 
   
  Ionisation number 1st 2nd 3rd 4th
  Ionisation energy/kJ mol−1 738 1451 7733 10541

 
   [1]
iv. The element which forms a compound with fluorine that has octahedral molecules.
 
   [1]
v. An element which reacts with water to form an acidic solution.
 
   [1]
vi. The element X, which forms a compound with hydrogen, XH3, with a molar mass of 34.0 g mol−1.
 
   [1]
vii. An element which forms a compound with hydrogen in which the element has an oxidation number of −4.
 
   [1]
viii. The element which has a density of 1.33 × 10 g cm at room temperature and pressure.
−3 −3

 
   [1]
 

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 4 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
Mark scheme
 

Question Answer/Indicative content Marks Guidance

ALLOW … 4s2 3d104p6

ALLOW subscripts AND 3D
IGNORE 1s2 seen twice

Examiner's Comments
1 a i (1s2) 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10 4s2 4p6 ✔ 1
Most candidates were awarded the mark
available for the electron configuration of the
bromide ion, but weaker responses included
the electronic configuration of a bromine atom
or of the ion, Br+.

ALLOW solid OR ppt for precipitate

IGNORE ‘does not dissolve’ OR ‘partially
dissolves’

Examiner's Comments

ii Cream AND precipitate ✔ 1

Many candidates focused exclusively in their
answers on the solubility of silver bromide in
aqueous ammonia, writing as a result that the
precipitate would remain, or that it would not
dissolve and so not gaining the mark by
omitting the colour of the precipitate.

Equation AND state symbols required

Examiner's Comments

iii Ag+(aq) + Br-(aq) → AgBr(s) ✔ 1

The majority of candidates answered this
question successfully with the only recurring
error made being to omit some or all of the
state symbols.

b i Equation 2
2NaOH + Cl2 → NaCl + NaClO + H2O ✔
ALLOW correct multiples
Conditions IGNORE state symbols
cold AND dilute (sodium hydroxide) ✔
ALLOW room temperature OR ≤ 20°C for cold

Examiner's Comments

This question was perhaps not as well

answered as it might have been and although
some candidates had memorised the equation
that was needed here, many clearly had not
and more alarmingly such candidates were
then content to suggest equations which were

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 5 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 chemical nonsense. It was very uncommon
indeed to see candidates pick up the second
mark for giving the correct conditions required
to form bleach from chlorine, with few realising
that as well as being cold, the NaOH(aq)
needs to be dilute.

ii Definition of disproportionation mark 3 ALLOW ‘an element’ OR ‘a species’ for ‘the

M1 (Disproportionation) is the (simultaneous) same element’
oxidation and reduction of the same element (in Assume ‘it’ means disproportionation
the same redox reaction) ✔ M1 can be awarded for ‘chlorine is oxidised
and reduced and this is disproportionation’

M2 Assigning of oxidation numbers ALLOW oxidation numbers written above the

Cl in Cl2 is 0 AND Cl in NaCl is -1 AND Cl in equation if not seen in the text but IGNORE
NaClO3 is +5 ✔ oxidation numbers written above the equation
if seen in the text
ALLOW 1− AND 5 AND 5+
M3 DO NOT ALLOW chloride in place of chlorine
Chlorine has been oxidised from 0 to +5 except for NaCl
AND DO NOT ALLOW Cl- in NaCl AND Cl5+ in
Chlorine has been reduced from 0 to −1 ✔ NaClO3 (ie do not allow ionic charges for
oxidation numbers)
ALLOW Cl OR Cl2 for chlorine
‘Chlorine has been oxidised from 0 in Cl2 to +5 in DO NOT ALLOW M2 if incorrect oxidation
NaClO3 and chlorine has been reduced from 0 in numbers of other elements are seen in the text
Cl2 to -1 in NaCl’ would secure M2 and M3 eg H = +2
ALLOW ECF for third marks if ONE incorrect
oxidation number is assigned but directional
changes are correct eg Cl = 0 and -1 and +3
instead 0 and -1 and +5

DO NOT ALLOW ECF if two oxidation

numbers are incorrectly assigned

IGNORE references to electron loss / gain

If oxidation numbers are correct ALLOW third

mark for: chlorine is oxidised to form NaClO3
AND chlorine is reduced to form NaCl

This diagram, along with a correct definition,

would secure all three marks.
Examiner's Comments

The concept of disproportionation has been

tested before and candidates were able to
address this part of the question successfully.
Weaker candidates met problems in assigning
the oxidation numbers and in particular the Cl
in NaClO3 was frequently misassigned as +1.
Another frequent mistake was to identify that

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 6 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 both oxidation and reduction had taken place,
but not to say which changes in the oxidation
numbers of which species corresponded to
each of these processes. A large number of
candidates relied for one of their marks on the
examiner marking their working shown above
the equation. It should be stressed that a
complete answer should aim to restate these
key assignments of oxidation numbers within
the text.

Total 8

NaClO + 2HCl → NaCl + Cl2 + H2O

allow NaClO3 + 6HCl → NaCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O

2 i correct formulae of reactants, NaCl and chlorine 2
for 1 mark
(1)
water and balancing (1)

ignore addition of dilute nitric acid before the

Test: add (a few drops of aqueous) silver nitrate
AgNO3
(1)
ii 2
ignore redissolving in excess NH3 or
Result: white ppt (1)
darkening of the ppt

iii separating funnel (1) 1 allow dropping pipette

Total 5

3 * Please refer to the marking instruction point 10 6 Indicative scientific points may include:
for guidance on how to mark this question.
Trend in reactivity
(Level 3)  More shells or increasing radius down
Describes and explains concisely the trend in the group
reactivity of the halogens  Increased shielding down the group
AND  More difficult to gain an electron
Full observations of redox reactions backed up
Observations
by at least two equations.
 Reaction of Cl2 or Br2 with I–: orange /
brown solution OR purple in organic
There is a well-developed explanation which is
 Reaction of Cl2 with Br–: yellow
clear and logically structured. The observations
solution OR orange in organic
and equations are relevant to those trends
explained. Reaction equations
Clear and confident knowledge of relevant  Cl2 + 2Br– → Br2 + 2Cl–
technical language.  Cl2 + 2I– → I2 + 2Cl–
(5–6 marks) OR Br2 + 2I– → I2 + 2Br–
 Order of reactivity linked to
observations
(Level 2)
Describes and explains the trend in reactivity of
the halogens
AND
Is able to recall a redox reaction by suitable
observations and correctly link to an equation.

There is an explanation with some structure. The

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 7 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 observations and equations are in the most-part
relevant to the trend explained.
Sound grasp of relevant technical language.
(3–4 marks)

(Level 1)
Describes the trend in reactivity of the halogens
with some attempt at explanation
AND
Is able to recall a redox reaction either by suitable
observation or by equation.
The information about the trend is basic and
communicated in an unstructured way. The
information is supported by only observation or
equation and the relationship to the trend may
not be clear.
Basic grasp of relevant technical language
(1–2 marks)

0 marks
No response or no response worthy of credit.


Total 6

1.  

2.  0.0180 mol of B forms 0.05362 mol of

Cl−

3.  

158.7 − (3 × 35.5) = 52.2 which is

chromium
4 9 ALLOW Alternative working throughout
4.  
0.0180 mol CrCl3: 0.108 mol H2O
OR 1 mol CrCl3: 6 mol H2O

A CrCl3•6H2O (from points 2, 3 and 4)

B CrCl3 (from points 2 and 3)
D [Cr(H2O)6]3+ (from determination of A and
understanding of reaction with water)
E Cr(OH)3 (from understanding of reaction of D
with aqueous hydroxide)

Total 9

5 i Disproportionate: 3
        oxidation and reduction of the same ALLOW ‘chlorine’ OR ‘Cl’ for same element
element ✓ IGNORE ‘species’ for ‘element’

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 8 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 ALLOW after number, e.g. 5+
IGNORE ionic charges, e.g. Cl5+

IGNORE ‘5’ (signs required)

IGNORE any reference to electron loss / gain

Redox: (even if wrong)
        Cl is oxidised from +5 (in KClO3) to +7
(in KClO4) ✓ ALLOW one redox mark if oxidation numbers
are correct but reduction / oxidation is
        Cl is reduced from +5 (in KClO3) to −1 incorrectly assigned
(in KCl) ✓

Examiner’s Comments
The question asked candidates to state what
disproportionation meant. Many candidates
failed to give this statement, despite correctly
identifying the change in oxidation number and
correctly assigning the redox terms.

Brackets required

Examiner’s Comments
It was apparent that the idea of systematic
naming of compounds was not known by
ii potassium chlorate(VII) ✓ 1
many candidates. Of those who realised that
Roman numerals were required, many
showed uncertainty of the identity of the
Roman numeral to be used or positioned the
numeral at an inappropriate place within the
name of the compound.

Total 4

ALLOW H2

Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates were credited this

straightforward mark and identified that
hydrogen would gain an electron to form a 1−
6 i Hydrogen/H ✓ 1
ion. Some candidates opted for lithium, able to
form an ion with the same electron
configuration as helium, but with a 1+ rather
than a 1− charge.

Candidates are recommended to look closely

at the requirements of the question set.

ii Helium/He ✓ 1 Examiner’s Comments

This part required candidates to recall their

knowledge of trends in first ionisation energy.

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 9 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 Candidates found this part harder than 1(a)(i)
with only the higher ability candidates
choosing the correct response of ‘helium’.

Many candidates instead chose another noble

gas, with neon and argon commonly seen.
Other common incorrect responses were
hydrogen and fluorine.

Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates did correctly select

magnesium, but many other elements were
seen, especially aluminium, silicon, beryllium
and calcium.
iii Magnesium/Mg ✓ 1
To identify the element’s group, candidates
needed to analyse the data to find the large
increase in ionisation energy corresponding to
a change in shell. From the responses, some
candidates did not make use of ‘Period 3’ in
the stem.

ALLOW sulphur; S8

Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates selected sulfur as the correct

iv Sulfur/S ✓ 1
response, recalling their knowledge of
molecular shapes encountered early in the
course. There was no real pattern for incorrect
responses, suggesting that they were
guesses.

ALLOW Cl2 OR F2

Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates chose the correct response

of chlorine, although hydrogen was a common
v Chlorine/Cl OR fluorine/F ✓ 1
incorrect response, presumably by linking to
the acidic properties of H+ ions. Other
candidates focused on ‘reacts with water’ and
chose sodium (which does form a solution with
water, but on that is alkaline rather than
acidic).

ALLOW P4

Examiner’s Comments
vi Phosphorus/P ✓ 1
Almost all candidates correctly responded with
phosphorus and this was the easiest part of
1(a).

vii Carbon/C ✓ 1 ALLOW silicon/Si

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 10 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.
 Examiner’s Comments

Most candidates correctly selected carbon.

From their A Level studies, candidates would
expect hydrogen to have an oxidation number
of +1 and to form compounds with carbon
(CH4) and silicon (SiH4) in which the element
has an oxidation number of −4. Although
hydrogen is actually slightly less
electronegative than carbon, hydrogen is
slightly more electronegative than silicon.
Therefore, in the case of SiH4, silicon has an
oxidation number of +4. A response of silicon
still indicates a correct understanding of
oxidation number rules and was also credited

ALLOW O2

Examiner’s Comments

This proved to be the hardest part of 1(a) with

viii Oxygen/O ✓ 1
only the higher ability candidates selecting
oxygen. Sulfur proved to be the key distractor,
having the same molar mass as O2. Most
candidates did not consider that the element
was gaseous and could not be sulfur.

Total 8

© OCR 2022. You may photocopy this Page 11 of 11 Created in ExamBuilder

page.