VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY HYDERABAD

B.TECH. IV YEAR
(ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING)

VII SEMESTER R19

Contact
Course
Title of the Course L T P/D Hours/ Credits
Code
Week
Principles of Management and
19HS1MG04 3 0 0 3 3
organizational Behaviour
19PC1EC13 Microwave Engineering 3 0 0 3 3

Professional Elective - III

19PE1EC07 Fiber Optic Communication

19PE1EC08 Speech and Audio Processing

19PC1IT04 Operating Systems 3 0 0 3 3

19PE1EC21 Introduction to Machine Learning

19PE1EC09 ASIC Design

Professional Elective - IV

19PE1EC10 Satellite Communication

19PE1EC11 Software Defined Radio

19PE1EC12 Embedded Systems 3 0 0 3 3

19PE1CS21 Data Analytical Computing

19PE1EC13 Verification and Scripting Languages for

VLSI Design
Open Elective - III 3 0 0 3 3

19PC2EC10 Signal Processing and Communication

0 0 2 2 1
Applications Laboratory
19PC2EC11 Microwave Engineering Laboratory 0 0 2 2 1

19PW4EC04 Mini-Project* 0 0 4 4 2

19PW4EC05 Major Project Phase - I 0 0 8 8 4

Total 15 0 16 31 23

* Mini-Project to be pursued during summer vacation after VI semester and evaluated in VII semester

1
VIII SEMESTER R19
Contact
Course
Title of the Course L T P/D Hours/ Credits
Category
Week
Professional Elective – V

19PE1EC14 Advanced Communications

19PE1EI08 Biomedical Signal Processing

19PE1CS01 Mobile Computing 3 0 0 3 3

19PE1IT05 Cloud Computing

19PE1EC15 RF IC Design

Professional Elective – VI

19PE1EC16 Radar Systems

19PE1EC17 Adaptive Signal Processing

19PE1EC18 Wireless Sensor Networks and protocols

3 0 0 3 3
19PE1CS17 Distributed Trust and Block chain
Technologies
19PE1EC19 DSP Processors and Architectures

Open Elective – IV 3 0 0 3 3

19PW4EC06 Major Project Phase - II 0 0 12 12 6

Total 09 0 12 21 15

L – Lecture T – Tutorial P – Practical D – Drawing

2
OE TRACKS BASED ON MEZZANINE TECHNOLOGIES:
OE TRACKS
(Parent V SEMESTER VI SEMESTER VII SEMESTER VIII SEMESTER
Department)
Intelligent
Smart Cities Planning and Green Building Smart Materials
Smart Cities Transportation
Development Technology and Structures
(CE) System
(19OE1CE01) (19OE1CE02) (19OE1CE03)
(19OE1CE04)
Hazardous Waste Intelligent waste
Waste Solid Waste Management Waste to Energy
Management Management and
Management (19OE1CE05) (19OE1CE07)
(19OE1CE06) Recycling System
(CE)
(19OE1CE08)
Renewable Energy Renewable
Energy Storage Energy Management
Green Energy Sources Energy
Technologies and Conservation
(EEE) (19OE1EE01) Technologies
(19OE1EE03) (19OE1EE04)
(19OE1EE02)
Introduction to 3D 3D Printing -
3D Printing & Elements of CAD
Printing Machines, Tooling Reverse Engineering
Design (19OE1ME01)
(19OE1ME02) and Systems (19OE1ME04)
(ME)
(19OE1ME03)
Introduction to
Internet of Sensors Transducers and Fundamentals of Wireless Sensor
Microcontrollers
Things Actuators Internet of Things Networks
and Interfacing
(ECE) (19OE1EC01) (19OE1EC03) (19OE1EC08)
(19OE1EC02)
Augmented Introduction to Fundamentals of
Introduction to
Reality (AR) / Introduction to C Sharp Image and Video Augmented Reality
Signal Processing
Virtual Reality (19OE1EC04) Processing and Virtual Reality
(19OE1EC05)
(VR) (ECE) (19OE1EC06) (19OE1EC07)
Fundamentals of
Artificial Mathematics for Artificial Machine Learning
Artificial Deep Learning
Intelligence Intelligence Techniques
Intelligence (19OE1CS03)
(CSE) (19OE1MT01) (19OE1CS02)
(19OE1CS01)
Fundamentals of
Cryptography
Blockchain Computer Networks Distributed Data Blockchain
and Network
Technologies (19OE1CS04) / Relational Bases Technology
Security
(CSE) Data Base Management (19OE1CS05) (19OE1CS07)
(19OE1CS06)
Systems (19OE1CS08)
Kinematics and Drives and Control Robot Programming
Fundamentals of Robotics
Robotics Dynamics of System for and Intelligent
(19OE1EI01)
(EIE) Robots Robotics Control Systems
(19OE1EI02) (19OE1EI03) (19OE1EI04)
Fundamentals of
Cryptography
Computer Networks Essentials of Cyber
Cyber Security and Network Computer Forensics
(19OE1CS04) / Relational Security
(IT) Security (19OE1IT02)
Data Base Management (19OE1IT01)
(19OE1CS06)
Systems (19OE1CS08)
Data Sciences Computational
Statistical Methods for Fundamentals of Data Analysis and
/ Big Data & Thinking using
Data Science Data Mining Visualization
Analytics Python
(19OE1MT02) (19OE1IT04) (19OE1IT05)
(IT) (19OE1IT03)
Modern Electric, Hybrid Connected and
Autonomous Principles of Automobile
Automotive and Fuel Cell Autonomous
Vehicles Engineering
Technologies Vehicles Vehicles
(AME) (19OE1AE01)
(19OE1AE02) (19OE1AE03) (19OE1AE04)

3
GENERAL POOL OF OE COURSES:
OE TRACKS
(Parent COURSES
Departments)
• Programming through Java (19OE1IT06)
General- • Relational Data Base Management Systems (19OE1CS08)
Computing • Computational Thinking using Python (19OE1IT03)
(CSE / IT) • Introduction to Data Analytics (19OE1IT07)
• Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms (19OE1CS11)
• Professional Ethics & Human Values (19OE1HS01)
General • Entrepreneurship (19OE1HS02)
(H&S) • Personality Development and Public Speaking (19OE1HS03)
• Foreign Language-French (19OE1HS04)
• Smart Cities (19OE1CE09)
• Trends in Energy Sources for Sustainable Development (19OE1EE05)
• 3D Printing and Design (19OE1ME05)
• Embedded Systems for IoT (19OE1EC09)
• Artificial Intelligence - A Beginner's Guide (19OE1CS09)
• Blockchain Technology Essentials (19OE1CS10)
General
• Fundamentals of Robotics and Drones (19OE1EI05)
• Fundamentals of Cyber Security (19OE1IT08)
• Fundamentals of Data Science (19OE1IT09)
• Introduction to Advanced Vehicle Technologies (19OE1AE05)
• Introduction to Application Development with C# (19OE1CS12)
• Introduction to Application Development with Java (19OE1CS13)
• Introduction to Application Development with Python (19OE1CS14)

4
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19HS1MG04) PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Engineering Economics and Accounting

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the principles, functions and theories of management and expose
with a systematic and critical understanding of organizational theory, structures
and design
• To comprehend the conceptual knowledge relating to Organizational Behaviour
• To provide a basic understanding of the behavior of individuals and groups in the
organizations
• To develop theoretical and practical insights and problem-solving capabilities for
effectively managing the organizational processes

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply theories to improve the practice of management and describe and
assess the basic design elements of organizational structure and evaluate their
impact on employees
CO-2: Analyse the behaviour of individuals and groups in organizations in terms of
the key factors that influence organizational behaviour
CO-3: Appreciate the management challenges associated with high levels of
change in the organizations
CO-4: Evaluate the appropriateness of various leadership styles, conflict
management strategies and motivational strategies used in a variety of
organizational settings

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Management:
Concepts of Management: Nature, Importance, and Functions of management;
Taylor’s Scientific Management Theory; Fayol’s Principles of Management; Social
Responsibilities of Management; Planning-definition and types of plans; decision
making-definition and process
Organizing: Definition and Principles of Organization; Organization chart; Types of
mechanistic and organic structures of organization - Line Organization, Line And
Staff Organization, Functional Organization, Committee Organization, Matrix
Organization, Virtual Organization, Cellular Organization, Team Structure,
Boundaryless Organization, Inverted Pyramid Structure, And Lean And Flat
Organization Structure; features and suitability.

UNIT – II:
Motivation and Leadership:
Motivation: Definition; Theories: Maslow’s need of Hierarchy, Herzberg two Factor,
Mc Gregor Theory X and theory Y and Alderfer’s ERG.
Leadership: Definition; Styles and Theories: Trait, Behavioural and Contingency.

5
UNIT – III:
Introduction to Organizational Behaviour:
Organizational Behaviour: Definition; Historical Background; Nature, Scope and
Importance; Linkages with other social Sciences; Approaches and Models.

UNIT – IV:
Perception and Personality:
Perception: Definition; Factors influencing; Perceptual Selectivity;
Perceptual Organisation and Social Perception.
Personality: Definition; Determinants; Theories; Traits; Big Five Personality Model.

UNIT – V:
Interpersonal Skills:
Communication: Definition; Process; Direction; Interpersonal and Organizational and
Barriers.
Teams and Groups: Definition; Types of teams and groups; Five-Stage Model;
Characteristics of an effective teams; Johari Window & Transactional Analysis

UNIT – VI:
Organizational – Conflict, Stress Management, Change and Development:
Organizational Conflict: Definition; Reasons; Types and Levels; Handling Styles.
Stress Management: Definition; Types; Model; Consequences and Strategies to
manage
Organizational Change: Definition; Types; Resistance; Overcoming and Approaches:
Lewin’s Three-Step Change Model, Kotter’s Eight-Step Plan for Implementing
Change.
Organizational Development: Definition; Nature and Interventions.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Management, James Arthur, Finch Stoner, R. Edward Freeman, and Daniel R.
Gilbert, 6th Edition, Pearson Education/Prentice Hall
2. Organizational Behaviour, Stephen P. Robbins, Prentice Hall, 2013
3. Organizational Behaviour, Fred Luthans, McGraw-Hill, 2013

6
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PC1EC13) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: EM Waves and Transmission Lines (19PC1EC07)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To present a cohesive overview of the required fundamentals on Transmission
lines and Wave Propagation Theory in the case of Wave guides
• To understand various coupling techniques in waveguides and the basic
properties of Polarization in Ferrite based materials in the case of waveguide
components
• To introduce the multiport junction concept for splitting the microwave energy in
a desired direction
• To get exposure on Microwave components in building a Microwave test bench
setup for measurements

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the basics of wave propagation inside waveguides
CO-2: Illustrate the functioning of microwave components and Junctions
CO-3: Classify various microwave sources
CO-4: Measure the microwave parameters

UNIT – I:
Microwave Transmission Lines: Introduction, Microwave Spectrum and Bands,
Applications of Microwaves. Rectangular Waveguides: Solution of Wave Equations in
Rectangular coordinates. TE/TM mode Analysis, Expression for E and H fields,
Characteristic Equation and Cut-off Frequencies. Phase and Group Velocities,
Wavelengths and Impedance Relations.
Microstrip Lines: Introduction, Quasi TEM mode, Z0 Relations, Effective Dielectric
Constant, Applications, Q Factor and Losses.

UNIT – II:
Waveguide Components-I: Cavity Resonators: Introduction, Rectangular Cavities,
Dominant Modes and Resonant Frequencies, Q factor and Coupling Coefficients,
Illustrative Problems. Coupling Mechanisms: Probe, Loop, Aperture types.
Waveguide Discontinuities: Waveguide Windows, Tuning Screws and Posts, types of
Matched Loads. Waveguide Attenuators: Different types, Resistive Card and Rotary
vane Attenuators; Waveguide Phase shifters: Types, Dielectric and Rotary vane
Phase shifters.

UNIT – III:
Waveguide Components-II: Ferrite materials –Composition and Characteristics,
Faraday Rotation, Ferrite Components - Isolator, Circulator, Gyrator. Scattering

7
matrix: Significance, scattering parameters, formulation and properties of S- Matrix.
Waveguide multiport Junctions: E- plane, H-Plane and Magic Tee; Directional
coupler –two-hole, Bethe hole types. Calculation of S matrix for multiport junctions.

UNIT – IV:
Microwave Tubes (Qualitative treatment only): Limitations of Conventional tubes at
Microwave frequencies, Microwave Tubes- Classifications, Two cavity Klystrons–
Structure, Velocity Modulation process and Applegate diagram, Reflex Klystrons-
Structure, Velocity Modulation, Applegate diagram and Principle of Working, Mode
Characteristics ; Travelling Wave tubes, Slow wave structures, Amplification Process,
Microwave crossed field tube, Cavity Magnetron-Structure and characteristics, PI
mode operation

UNIT – V:
Microwave Solid State Devices: PIN diode and its applications
Transferred Electronic Devices: Introduction, Gunn Diode-Principle, Two valley theory,
High field domain, Basic modes of operation.
Avalanche Transit Time Devices: Introduction, Avalanche multiplication. IMPATT,
TRAPATT -Principle of Operation.

UNIT – VI:
Microwave Measurements: Description of microwave bench, measurement of
Attenuation, low-power, medium and high-power measurements, Bolometer,
Frequency, VSWR and Impedance measurements, Antenna radiation pattern
measurement, Introduction to reflectometer, Network Analyser.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Microwave Devices and Circuits, Samuel Y. Liao, 3rd Edition, Pearson, 2003
2. Microwave and Radar Engineering, M. Kulkarni, 5th Edition, Umesh Publications,
2003

REFERENCES:
1. Foundations for Microwave Engineering, R. E. Collin, IEEE Press, 2nd Edition, John
Wiley
2. Microwave Engineering Passive Circuits, Peter A. Rizzi, PHI, 1999
3. Microwave Engineering, David Pozar, 3rd Edition, Addison Wesley 1997
4. Microwave Principles, Herbert J. Reich, J. G. Skalnik, P. F. Ordung and H. L. Krauss,
CBS Publishers and Distributors, New Delhi, 2004

8
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC07) FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Engineering Physics (19BS1PH02)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To learn about the basic elements of optical fiber transmission link, fiber modes,
configurations, structures and losses associated
• To know the working principles of various optical sources and photo detectors
• To understand the modulation technique in optical communications
• To analyze and design a fiber optic link for a given budget requirement

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Recognize the structures of Optical fiber and types
CO-2: Discuss the Optical power launching and channel impairments like losses and
dispersion
CO-3: Classify the Optical sources and detectors and to discuss their principles
CO-4: Estimate an optical communication system for a particular application

UNIT – I:
Overview of Optical Fiber Communication: Introduction, general system,
advantages, disadvantages, and applications of optical fiber communication, Ray
theory, single mode and multi-mode fibers, cut-off wavelength, mode field
diameter.
Transmission Characteristics of Optical Fibers: Introduction, Attenuation, absorption,
scattering losses, bending losses, dispersion, Intra model dispersion, Inter model
dispersion.

UNIT – II:
Fiber Couplers and Connectors: Introduction, connectors and return losses, fiber
splicing-splicing techniques, fiber alignment and joint loss- Single mode and
multimode fiber joints.

UNIT – III:
Optical Sources: Introduction, LEDs, Structures, Materials, Quantum efficiency,
Power, Modulation, Power bandwidth product. Injection Laser Diodes- Modes,
Threshold conditions, External quantum efficiency, Laser diode rate equations,
Resonant frequencies.

UNIT – IV:
Optical Detectors: Introduction, Physical principles of PIN and APD, Detector
response time, Temperature effect on Avalanche gain, Comparison of Photo
detectors.

9
UNIT – V:
Source to Fiber Power Launching - Output patterns, Power coupling, Power
launching, Equilibrium Numerical Aperture, Laser diode to fiber coupling.
WDM: WDM concepts-operation principles, WDM standards, types of WDM.

UNIT – VI:
Optical Link Design: Considerations, Component choice, multiplexing. Point-to-
point links, System considerations, Link power budget with examples, Rise time
budget with examples, Transmission distance, Line coding in Optical links.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Optical Fiber Communications, Gerd Keiser, 4th Edition, TMH, 2008
2. Optical Fiber Communications, John M. Senior, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education,
2009

RERFERENCES:
1. Fiber Optic Communications, D.K. Mynbaev, S.C. Gupta and Lowell L. Scheiner,
Pearson Education, 2005
2. Text Book on Optical Fibre Communication and its Applications, S. C. Gupta, PHI,
2005
3. Fiber Optic Communication Systems, Govind P. Agarwal, 3rd Edition, John Wiley,
2004
4. Fiber Optic Communications, Joseph C. Palais, 4th Edition, Pearson Education,
2004

10
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC08) SPEECH AND AUDIO PROCESSING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Signal and Systems (19PC1EC04), Digital Signal Processing

(19PC1EC09)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To provide students with the knowledge of basic characteristics of speech signal
in relation to production and perception of speech by humans
• To describe basic algorithms of speech analysis common to many applications of
speech signal processing
• To give foundation for applications of speech signal processing (enhancement,
and coding)
• To get an overview of implementation aspects of Voice and Speech Recognition
Technology
• To familiarize with different Audio processing and editing tools and open-source
software

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify the basic components and parameters of speech
CO-2: Analyze different processes for speech modeling and recognition
CO-3: Design a speech recognition system and to use different speech synthesis
techniques
CO-4: Familiarize with speech coding and diverse Speech Processing applications

UNIT – I:
Speech Production: Speech signal; Speech Production process: Lungs, Larynx and
Vocal folds, Vocal tract; Acoustic Phonetics: Vowels, Diphthongs, Semi vowels,
Nasals, Unvoiced fricatives, Voiced fricatives, Voiced and unvoiced stops; Acoustic
theory of speech production; Digital model for speech signals, Deep Learning.

UNIT – II:
Time Domain Methods for Speech Processing: Time domain parameters of Speech
signal, Methods for extracting the speech parameters (Energy, Average Magnitude,
Zero crossing Rate), Silence Discrimination using Zero crossing Rate and energy, Short
Time Auto Correlation Function, Pitch period estimation using Auto Correlation
Function.

UNIT – III:
Frequency Domain Methods for Speech Processing: Short-Time Fourier Transform
(STFT), Sampling the STFT in Time and Frequency, The Speech Spectrogram,
homomorphic speech analysis: homomorphic systems for convolution, Definition of
the Cepstrum and complex Cepstrums, pitch extraction using homomorphic speech
processing.

11
UNIT – IV:
Linear Predictive Analysis of Speech: Linear prediction of speech, auto correlation,
formulation of Linear prediction coding equations, Solution of Linear prediction
coding equations, Levinson Durbin recursion, Application of Linear prediction coding
parameters: Pitch detection using Linear prediction coding parameters, Deriving
acoustic parameters PLPs, LPCCs, and MFCCs from LPCs

UNIT – V:
Speech Enhancement: Nature of Interfering Sounds; Speech Enhancement (SE)
Techniques: Basic principles of Spectral Subtraction; Wiener Filtering; Wiener filtering
for noise reduction; Statistical-Model-based method: Maximum-likelihood estimator
for speech enhancement; Applications of speech enhancement.

UNIT – VI:
Speech Coding: Closed-Loop Coders: Predictive Coding, Delta Modulation,
Adaptive Differential PCM Systems, Analysis-by-Synthesis Coding, Multi-Pulse
Excitation Linear Prediction (MPLP), Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP).
Speech Systems: Introduction to Feature extraction; Classifiers for automatic speaker
recognition and automatic speaker identification.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Introduction to Digital Speech Processing, Lawrence R. Rabiner and Ronald W.
Schafer, now Publishers Inc, Hanover, USA, 2007
2. Discrete Time Speech Signal Processing: Principles and Practice, Thomas F.
Quateri, Ed., PE, 2004
3. Speech Enhancement, Philipos C. Loizou, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis
Group, 2013

REFERENCES:
1. Digital Processing of Speech Signals, L. R. Rabiner and R.W. Schafer, Prentice-Hall
Inc. USA, 1978
2. Speech Communications Human and Machine, Douglas O. Shaughnessy, 2nd
Edition, IEEE Press, 2000
3. Statistical Methods of Speech Recognition, Frederick Jelinek, MIT Press, 1997
4. Speech Recognition, Claudio Becchetti and Lucio Prina Ricotti, John Wiley and
Sons, 1999
5. Speech and Audio Signal Processing, Processing and Perception of Speech and
Music, Ben Gold and Nelson Morgan, Wiley-India Edition, 2006

12
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PC1IT04) OPERATING SYSTEMS

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To study the basic concepts and functions of operating systems
• To summarize various approaches to solve the problem of process concurrency
in an operating system
• To evaluate the memory usage trade-offs in terms of size (main memory, auxiliary
memory) and processor speed
• To understand disk storage strategies and file strategies with protection and
security issues

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify System calls and evaluate process scheduling criteria of OS
CO-2: Develop procedures for process synchronization and scheduling services of
an OS
CO-3: Distinguish disk access, file systems supported by an OS
CO-4: Extend operating systems virtual memory, protection and security aspects

UNIT – I:
Computer System and Operating System Overview: Overview of Computer System
hardware, Operating System Objectives and functions Operating System Services,
System Calls, System Programs.
CPU Scheduling: Basic Concepts, Scheduling Criteria, Scheduling Algorithms and
evaluation.

UNIT – II:
Linux Utilities: File handling utilities, Security by file permissions, Process utilities, Disk
utilities, Networking commands, Filters, Text processing utilities and Backup utilities,
sed – scripts, operation, addresses, commands, applications, awk – execution, fields
and records, scripts are using system commands in awk.

UNIT – III:
Process Management: Process Description, Process Control Block, Process States,
Threads Overview.
Concurrency: Cooperating Processes, Inter-process Communication, Principles of
Concurrency, Mutual Exclusion, Software and hardware approaches, Semaphores,
Monitors, Message Passing, Classic problems of synchronization.
Inter Process Communication: Introduction to IPC, Pipes, and FIFOs, Introduction to
three types of IPC-message queues, semaphores and shared memory. Message
Queues Kernel support for messages, client/server example.

UNIT – IV:
Principles of Deadlock: System Model, Deadlock Characterization, Methods for
handling Deadlocks, Deadlock Prevention, Deadlock avoidance, Deadlock
detection, Recovery from Deadlocks, Dining philosopher‘s problem.

13
UNIT-V:
Memory Management: Basic concepts, Swapping, Contiguous memory allocation,
Paging, Segmentation, Virtual memory, Demand paging, Page-replacement
algorithms, Thrashing.
Secondary Storage Structure: Disk structure; Disk scheduling, Disk management,
Swap space Management, RAID structure, Stable-storage Implementation
Case Studies: windows, Unix, Linux.

UNIT –VI:
File Management: File system-File concepts, File System Structure, Inodes, File
Attributes, File types, Access methods, Symbolic links & hard links, Directory structure,
Filesystem mounting, Implementing file systems-File system structure and
implementation, Directory implementation, Allocation methods, Free-space
management, Efficiency and performance
Protection & Security: Protection mechanisms, OS Security issues, threats, Intruders,
Viruses,
Case Studies: windows, Unix, Linux.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Operating System Principles, Abraham Silberchatz, Peter B. Galvin, Greg Gagne,
7th Edition, John Wiley
2. Unix Concepts and Applications, Sumitabha Das, 4th Edition, TMH, 2006

REFERENCES:
1. Modern Operating Systems, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 2nd Edition, Pearson/PHI
2. Operating Systems – A Concept Based Approach, D. M. Dhamdhere, 2nd Edition
3. Unix System Programming using C++, T. Chan, PHI
4. Operating Systems - Internal and Design Principles, Stallings, 5th Edition, Pearson
Education/PHI, 2005

14
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC21) INTRODUCTION TO MACHINE LEARNING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Linear Algebra, Ordinary Differential Equations and Laplace

Transform (19BS1MT04), Neural Networks and Deep Learning (19PE1CS10)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To prepare the data for modelling and evaluation
• To learn machine learning techniques such as supervised and unsupervised
learning
• To understand computational learning theory

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand how to prepare a data, model, evaluation methods
CO-2: Understand the concepts of supervised machine learning
CO-3: Understand the concepts of unsupervised machine learning
CO-4: Understand other types of machine learning methods

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Human learning, Machine learning, Types of machine learning,
Applications
Data Preparation: Introduction, Machine learning activities, types of data, exploring
the structure of data, data quality and remediation, data pre-processing.

UNIT – II:
Modeling and Evaluation: Selecting and training a model, representation and
interpretability, performance evaluation, performance improvisation.
Feature engineering- Introduction, feature transformation, subset selection.
Bayesian Decision Theory: Bayes’ theorem and concept learning, Bayesian belief
network in machine learning.

UNIT – III:
Classification: Classification model, learning steps, Algorithms- KNN, Decision tree,
Random forest model, Support vector machines.

UNIT – IV:
Regression: Simple linear regression, Multiple linear regression, Assumptions &
challenges in regression analysis, improving accuracy of linear regression, Polynomial
regression, Logistic regression, Maximum likelihood estimation.

UNIT – V:
Unsupervised Learning: Supervised vs Unsupervised learning, types of clustering
techniques, partitioning methods, k-medoids, hierarchical clustering, density-based
methods-DBSCAN, finding pattern using association rule.

UNIT – VI:
Other Types of Learning: Representation Learning, Active learning, Instance based
learning, Association learning rules, Ensemble learning, Regularization algorithm.

15
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Machine Learning, Amit Kumar Das, Saikat Dutt, Subramanian Chandramouli,
Pearson, 2018
2. Introduction to Machine Learning, Ethem Alpaydın, 4th Edition, The MIT Press
Cambridge, Massachusetts, 2020

REFERENCES:
1. Machine Learning, Tom Mitchel, McGraw-Hill, 2017
2. The Elements of Statistical Learning, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome
Friedman, Springer Series in Statistics, Springer, 2009
3. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Christopher Bishop, Information
Science and Statistics, Springer, 2010
4. Pattern Classification, Richard O. Duda, Peter E. Hart, David G. Stork, Second
Edition, John Wiley & Sons, 2012

16
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC09) ASIC DESIGN

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Digital System Design (19PC1EC03), VLSI Design

(19PC1EC11)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To prepare the student to be an entry-level industrial standard ASIC designer
• To understand issues and tools related to ASIC design
• To make the students proficient in verifying and testing ASIC design
• To learn about the algorithms used for ASIC Design

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the issues involved in ASIC design, including technology choice,
power constraints
CO-2: Understand and analyze the physical design flow in ASIC
CO-3: Verify and test ASIC design
CO-4: Understand various algorithms used to design ASIC

UNIT – I:
Introduction to ASICs: Types of ASICs, ASIC Design flow, EDA tools for ASIC Design,
ASIC cell libraries, Combinational Logic Cell, Sequential logic cell, Data path logic
cell, I/O cell.

UNIT – II:
Simulation and Synthesis: Simulation, types of simulation- Gate-level Modeling and
Simulation, Switch level modeling and simulation, Logic Synthesis
Static timing Analysis: Timing paths, Meta-stability, Clock issues, setup and hold time
Violations, steps to remove Setup and hold time violations.

UNIT – III:
Partitioning- System level partitioning, Board level partitioning, chip level partitioning.
Floor-planning – objectives, Circuit Description, Design Constraints, Design Planning,
Pad Placement, Power Planning, Macro Placement, Clock Planning.

UNIT – IV:
Placement: Objectives of placement, constructive placement and iterative
placement, clock tree synthesis

UNIT – V:
Routing: Objectives of routing- global routing, detailed routing, special routing,
circuit extraction.

UNIT – VI:
Verification and Testing: Verification-Functional Verification, Timing Verification,
Physical Verification Testing-Functional Test, Scan Test, Boundary Scan Test, Fault
Detection.

17
TEXTBOOKS:
1. Application Specific Integrated Circuits, J. Smith, Addison-Wesley, 2010
2. Physical Design Essentials, Khosrow Golshan, Springer, 2007

REFERENCES:
1. Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, S. H. Gerez, Wiley, 2006
2. Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation, Naveed Sherwani, 3rd Edition,
2013

18
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC10) SATELLITE COMMUNICATION

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Antennas and Wave propagation (19PC1EC08), Microwave

Engineering (19PC1EC13)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To know, design understand the construction and principles of Satellites used for
communications
• To know the tracking techniques of satellites
• To learn about various multiple accessing techniques
• To know about the application of satellites in GPS and other applications

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the orbital mechanics and functioning of subsystems of a satellite
CO-2: Illustrate the various multiple access techniques for communication
CO-3: Design the power budget for satellite links
CO-4: Demonstrate the principles of GPS

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Origin of Satellite Communications, Historical Background, Basic
Concepts of Satellite Communications, Frequency allocations for Satellite Services,
Applications, Future Trends of Satellite Communications.
Orbital Mechanics and Launchers: Orbital Mechanics, Look Angle determination,
Orbital perturbations, Orbital determination, Launches and Launch vehicles, Orbital
effects in communication systems performance.

UNIT – II:
Satellite Subsystems: Attitude and Orbit control system, Telemetry, Tracking,
Commanding and Monitoring, Power Systems, Communication Subsystems, Satellite
antennas, Equipment reliability and Space qualification.

UNIT – III:
Multiple Access: Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Intermodulation,
calculation of C/N. Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frame structure, Examples.
Satellite Switched TDMA Onboard processing, DAMA, Code Division Multiple Access
(CDMA), Spread Spectrum Transmission and Reception.

UNIT – IV:
Satellite Link Design: Basic transmission theory, system noise temperature and G/T
ratio, Design of down links, Uplink design, Design of satellite links for specified C/N,
System design examples.
Earth Station Technology: Introduction, Transmitters, Receivers, Antennas, Tracking
systems, Terrestrial Interface, Primary Power test methods.

19
UNIT – V:
Low Earth Orbit and Geo-Stationary Satellite Systems: Orbit considerations, Coverage
and Frequency Consideration, Delay and Throughput considerations, Systems
considerations, Operational NGSO Constellation Designs.

UNIT – VI:
Satellite Navigation and Global Positioning System: Radio and Satellite Navigation,
GPS Position Location principles, GPS Receivers and Codes, Satellite Signal
Acquisition, GPS Navigation Message, GPS Signal Levels, GPS Receiver Operation,
GPS C/A code accuracy, Differential GPS.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Satellite Communications, Timothy Pratt, Charles Bostian and Jeremy Allnutt, WSE,
2nd Edition, Wiley Publications, 2003
2. Satellite Communications Engineering, Wilbur L. Pritchard, Robert A. Nelson and
Henri G. Suyderhoud, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications, 2003

REFERENCES:
1. Satellite Communications: Design Principles, M. Richharia, 2nd Edition, B. S.
Publications, 2003
2. Satellite Communication, D. C. Agarwal, 5th Edition Khanna Publications
3. Fundamentals of Satellite Communications, K. N. Raja Rao, PHI, 2004
4. Satellite Communications, Dennis Roddy, 4th Edition, McGraw Hill, 2009

20
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC11) SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Analog Circuits (19PC1EC06), Digital Signal Processing

(19PC1EC09)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the SDR and its architecture
• To understand the system design and signal conversion techniques
• To understand signal processing techniques
• To understand the transmitter and receiver architecture and working principle

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Conceptualize the SDR and implementation details
CO-2: Identify the blocks of SDR for a specific application
CO-3: Recognize the challenges in the implementation of SDR
CO-4: Analyze the transmitter and receiver architectures in SDR

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Software Defined Radio – The Need for Software Radios, What is
Software Radio, Characteristics and benefits of software radio- Design Principles of
Software Radio, A Traditional Hardware Radio Architecture – Signal Processing
Hardware History – Software Defined Radio Project Complexity.

UNIT – II:
Basic Software Defined Radio Architecture: Introduction – 2G Radio Architectures-
Hybrid Radio Architecture- Basic Software Defined Radio Block Diagram.
RF System Design: Introduction- Noise and Channel Capacity- Link Budget- Receiver
Requirements- Multicarrier Power Amplifiers- Signal Processing Capacity Tradeoff.

UNIT – III:
Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Conversion: Introduction – Digital
Conversion Fundamentals- Sample Rate- Bandpass Sampling- Oversampling-
Antialias Filtering – Quantization – ADC Techniques-Successive Approximation- Figure
of Merit-DACs- DAC Noise Budget- ADC Noise Budget.

UNIT – IV:
Digital Frequency Up- and Down Converters: Introduction, Frequency Converter
Fundamentals- Digital NCO- Digital Mixers- Digital Filters- Halfband Filters- CIC Filters-
Decimation, Interpolation, and Multirate Processing-DUCs - Cascading Digital
Converters and Digital Frequency Converters.
Signal Processing Hardware Components: Introduction- SDR Requirements for
Processing Power- DSPs- DSP Devices- DSP Compilers-.

UNIT – V:
Software Architecture and Components: Introduction- Major Software Architecture
Choices – Hardware – Specific Software Architecture- Software Standards for

21
Software Radio-Software Design Patterns- Component Choices- Real Time Operating
Systems- High Level Software Languages- Hardware Languages.

UNIT – VI:
Smart Antennas for Software Radio: Introduction- 3G smart Antenna Requirements-
Phased Antenna Array Theory- Applying Software Radio Principles to Antenna
Systems- Smart Antenna Architectures- Optimum Combining/ Adaptive Arrays- DOA
Arrays- Beam Forming for CDMA- Downlink Beam Forming.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Software Defined Radio Architecture System and Functions, Markus Dillinger,
Kambiz Madani, Wiley 2003
2. Software Defined Radio: Enabling Technologies, Walter Tuttle Bee, 2002, Wiley
Publications

REFERENCES:
1. Software Defined Radio for 3G, Paul Burns, Artech House, 2002
2. RF and DSP for SDR, Tony J. Rouphael, Elsevier Newnes Press, 2008
3. Digital Synthesizers and Transmitter for Software Radio, Jouko Vanakka, Springer,
2005
4. RF and Baseband Techniques for Software Defined Radio, P. Kenington, Artech
House, 2005

22
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC12) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Microprocessor and Microcontrollers (19PC1EC10)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To learn the general embedded system concepts
• To understand design of embedded hardware and software development tools
• To learn the basics of OS and RTOS
• To describe key issues such as CPU scheduling, memory management, task
synchronization, and file system in the context of real-time embedded systems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the basic requirements of embedded systems
CO-2: Identify the hardware to develop the Embedded System
CO-3: Apply the software tools for Real time Embedded Applications
CO-4: Analyze the RTOS concepts to develop the Embedded Applications

UNIT – I:
Fundamentals of Embedded Systems: Embedded System-Definition, Characteristics,
Design metrics, Classification of Embedded Systems, Real Time Systems - Need for
Real-time systems, Hard and Soft Real-time systems, Processors in the system, Other
Hardware units, Software components, Examples for embedded systems, Challenges
in Embedded System Design.

UNIT – II:
Embedded Hardware Development Environment: Processor Architecture- Structured
units of a processor - Processor selection factors, Common memory devices -
Memory selection, Watch dog timer, Serial Communication Protocols.

UNIT – III:
Embedded Software Development Environment: Embedded System Development
Process, Programming languages, Software Development tools - Host and Target
machines, Linkers/Locators for embedded software, getting embedded software
into the target system, Testing on host machine.

UNIT – IV:
Real Time Operating Systems Concepts–I: Basics of Operating system, Need for RTOS
in embedded system, GPOS versus RTOS, RTOS Architecture and Characteristics,
Tasks and Task states, Task scheduling, Scheduling algorithms - Rate Monotonic, EDF,
Round Robin, Round Robin with Interrupts, Priority driven – Preemptive and Non-
preemptive scheduling.

UNIT – V:
Real Time Operating Systems Concepts–II: Inter-Process Communication
mechanisms – Semaphores, Message queues, Mailboxes, Pipes, Task Synchronization
- Shared data - Priority Inversion - Inheritance and Ceiling, Dead lock, Memory
management, Interrupt routines in RTOS environment, Device driver.

23
UNIT – VI:
Design Examples and Case Studies: Case study of embedded system design and
coding for Automatic Chocolate Vending machine using µCOS RTOS, Case study of
Digital Camera Hardware and Software architecture.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Embedded Systems Architecture, Programming and Design, Raj Kamal, 2nd
Edition, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011
2. An Embedded Software Primer, David E. Simon, 1st Edition, Pearson, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Real-Time Systems, J. W. S. Liu, Pearson, 2009
2. Real-Time Embedded Systems: Design Principles and Engineering Practices, 1st
Edition, Newnes, 2015
3. Computers as Components - Principles of Embedded Computing System Design,
Wayne Wolf, 2nd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2008

24
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1CS21) DATA ANALYTICAL COMPUTING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To explore the fundamental concepts of data analytics
• To learn to analyze the data analysis techniques
• To explore the techniques related to Hadoop framework
• To understand, explore visualization methods

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Collect the data, and process it for Data Analysis
CO-2: implement various Statistical methods for Data Analysis
CO-3: Analyze the Hadoop framework tools
CO-4: Build the Process for visualizing large data sets

UNIT – I:
Data Management: Introduction, Sources of data, Types of Data, Data
preprocessing, Data collection and APIs, Exploring and fixing data, Data storage
and management, using multiple data sources.

UNIT – II:
Big Data and Data Analysis: Introduction to Big Data Platform, Challenges of
Conventional Systems, Web Data, Evolution of Analytic Scalability, Analytic
Processes and Tools, Analysis vs Reporting, Modern Data Analytic Tools.
Statistical Concepts: Sampling Distributions, ReSampling, Statistical Inference -
Prediction Error, Regression Modeling, Multivariate Analysis.

UNIT – III:
Data Analysis: Introduction, Terminology and concepts, Summary statistics, Central
tendencies and distributions, Variance, Distribution properties and arithmetic,
Samples/CLT.

UNIT – IV:
Hadoop: Meet Hadoop, Comparison with other systems, A brief history of Hadoop
and the Hadoop ecosystem, Analyzing the Data with Hadoop, Hadoop Distributed
File System, HDFS concepts, Design of HDFS, Data Flow in HDFS, Developing a Map
Reduce Application.

UNIT – V:
Frameworks: Applications on Big Data Using Pig and Hive – Data processing
operators in Pig – Hive services –HiveQL – Querying Data in Hive - fundamentals of
HBase and ZooKeeper

UNIT – VI:
Data Visualization: Prepare the data for Visualization, Use tools like Tableau, Qlick
View and D3, Draw insights out of Visualization tool.

25
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Taming the Big Data Tidal Wave: Finding Opportunities in Huge Data Stream with
Advanced Analytics, Bill Franks, John Wiley & Sons, 2012
2. Mining of Massive Datasets, Anand Rajaraman and Jeffrey David Ullman,
Cambridge University Press, 2012
3. Hadoop: The Definitive Guide, Tom White, 3rd Edition, O’reilly Media, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Making Sense of Data, Glenn J. Myatt, John Wiley & Sons, 2007
2. Big Data Glossary, Pete Warden, O’Reilly, 2011
3. Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, 2nd
Edition, Elsevier, 2008

26
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC13) VERIFICATION AND SCRIPTING LANGUAGES FOR VLSI DESIGN

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: VLSI Design (19PC1EC11)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To learn principles of verification using System Verilog and design test benches
• To understand the use of the System Verilog in RTL design and verification
• To understand the importance of scripting languages in VLSI Design
• To understand utilization of PERL and TCL in CAD Tools Interfacing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the verification methodology in VLSI
CO-2: Develop verification methods using System Verilog
CO-3: Apply scripting language concepts for data handling
CO-4: Demonstrate the use of TCL in VLSI Design

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Verification Methodology: Verification guidelines, Basic Testbench
Functionality, Directed Testing, Methodology Basics, Functional Coverage,
Testbench Components, Layered Testbench, Building a Layered Testbench,
Simulation Environment

UNIT – II:
System Verilog-I: Built-In Data Types, fixed-Size Arrays, Dynamic Arrays, Associative
Arrays, Queues, Linked Lists, User Defined Data types, Type conversion, Enumerated
data types, User defined structures, Procedural statements, Tasks and Functions.

UNIT – III:
System Verilog-II: Connecting the Testbench and design-Separating the Testbench
and Design, The Interface Construct, Stimulus Timing, Interface Driving and Sampling,
Connecting It All Together, Top-Level Scope; classes, objects and methods in system
verilog, Randomization in System Verilog

UNIT – IV:
Scripting Languages: Characteristics and uses of scripting languages, importance of
scripting languages in VLSI
PERL: PERL features, Names and values, Variables and assignment, Scalar
expressions, Control structures, Built-in functions, Collections of Data, Working with
arrays and hashes, Working with Strings Simple input and output

UNIT – V:
Advanced PERL: Patterns and Regular expressions, Subroutines, Pack and Unpack,
working with files, Type globs, References, Data structures, Packages, Libraries and
modules, Objects, Extraction and analyzation of data in VLSI design using PERL

27
UNIT – VI:
TCL: TCL phenomena, Philosophy, Structure, Syntax, Variables and data in TCL,
Control flow, Data structures, Simple input/output, Procedures, working with strings
and files, Libraries and packages, Namespaces, Trapping errors, Event-driven
programs, Generate TCL files for VLSI Design flow.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. System Verilog for Verification - A Guide to Learning the Test Bench Language
Features, Chris Spear, Gregory J. Tumbush, Springer, 2012
2. The World of Scripting Languages, David Barron, Wiley Student Edition, 2010

REFERENCES:
1. System Verilog Assertions and Functional Coverage: Guide to Language,
Methodology and Applications, Ashok B. Mehta, Springer, 2020
2. Learning Perl 6 Keeping the Easy, Hard, and Impossible Within Reach, Brian D.
Foy, O'reilly, 2018
3. Tcl/Tk: A Developer's Guide, Clif Flynt, Waltham M. A., Morgan Kaufmann, 2012

28
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

0 2 1
(19PC2EC10) SIGNAL PROCESSING AND COMMUNICATION APPLICATIONS
LABORATORY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Signals and Systems, Analog and Digital Communications

and Digital Signal Processing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To study the performance of various Image compression algorithms
• To understand digital audio compression techniques and different CODECS
• To compare different methods for mitigating channel impairments

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply filtering operations to remove noise in images and various compression
techniques
CO-2: Design of communication channels to combat fading using Equalization
CO-3: Simulation of Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) waveform
CO-4: Implementation of Automatic gain and frequency control techniques

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

Programs can be simulated using Matlab/Python/Octave/Scilab/LabVIEW

1. Removal of various types of Noise from signals acquired by sensors.

2. Removal of noise from Image data for further Image processing.
3. Design of FIR adaptive filter as an Equalization filter
4. Develop OFDM standard complaint waveforms using FFT and other blocks
5. Digital modulation and demodulation in AWGN and other channel setting.
6. Compress images using different standards such as JPEG, JPEG 2000 and SPIHT
and EZW codes
7. Compress video signals using standards H261, H263 and MPEG4 and H264
CODECS
8. Evaluate different performance aspects required for lossy and lossless
Compression methods.
9. Perform Automatic gain and frequency control for an Audio signal.
10. Audio compression algorithms (Using Sub band coding and Linear predictive
code)

29
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

0 2 1
(19PC2EC11) MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LABORATORY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: EM Waves and Transmission Lines (19PC1EC07)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To study the performance of microwave oscillators
• To measure the characteristic parameters of Microwave components
• To calculate scattering parameters of microwave junctions
• To analyze various parameters of Microwave components

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Analyze the performance characteristics of Microwave sources and measure
various microwave parameters
CO-2: Analyze the scattering parameters of microwave junctions
CO-3: Understand the design aspects of a RF system

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:

Minimum of 12 experiments to be conducted.

1. Reflex Klystron Characteristics.

2. Gunn Diode Characteristics.
3. Attenuation Measurement.
4. Directional Coupler Characteristics.
5. VSWR Measurement.
6. Impedance and Frequency Measurement.
7. Waveguide parameters measurement.
8. Scattering parameters of Circulator.
9. Scattering parameters of E-Plane Tee and H-Plane Tee junctions.
10. Scattering parameters of Magic Tee.
11. Study the characteristics of a rectangular waveguide in the dominant mode and
evaluate the field components.
12. Design a RF receiver system for the given specifications and analyze the
parameters at each sub system using RF Budget analysis tool.
13. Analysis of Co planar waveguide Transmission line in X band application using RF
toolbox.
14. Design Two stage Low noise amplifier using Microstrip Transmission line matching
Network.

30
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

0 4 2
(19PW4EC04) MINI-PROJECT

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the formulated industry / technical problem
CO-2: Analyze and / or develop models for providing solution to Industry / Technical
problems
CO-3: Interpret and arrive at conclusions from the project carried out
CO-4: Demonstrate effective communication skills through oral presentation
CO-5: Engage in effective written communication through project report

COURSE OUTLINE:

• A student shall undergo an industry oriented mini-project, in collaboration with an

industry of their specialization, during the summer vacation after sixth semester (III
year II semester) of the B.Tech. programme.
• Mini-project shall be carried out for a minimum period of 04 weeks and maximum
of 06 weeks.
• Evaluation of the mini-project shall be done by a Project Review Committee
(PRC) consisting of the Head of the Department, faculty supervisor and a senior
faculty member of the department.
• The industry oriented mini-project shall be submitted in a report form and
presented before the Project Review Committee (PRC) for evaluation.

31
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC14) ADVANCED COMMUNICATIONS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Analog and Digital Communications (19PC1EC05)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand basic concepts of cellular communications
• To classify Spread spectrum communications and multiple access types
• To analyze OFDM and MIMO systems
• To study of SONET/SDH and ATM traffic

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the basic concepts of cellular communications
CO-2: Compare different Spread spectrum communications
CO-3: Analyze principles of OFDM and MIMO systems
CO-4: Apply the concepts of SONET and ATM

UNIT – I:
Concepts of Cellular Communications: Cellular concepts and frequency re-use, Co-
channel interference, determining the co-channel re-use distance, analysis of co-
channel interference, Hand-off strategies, spectral efficiency and Grade of service,
methods to improve cellular systems capacity- Cell splitting and Sectorization.

UNIT – II:
Spread Spectrum Communications: Spreading sequences- pseudo-noise, Gold,
Kasami, Walsh and Barker Sequences, Properties of Spreading Sequences, Direct
sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) transmitter and receiver, Frequency Hopping
spread spectrum (FH-SS) transmitter and receiver.

UNIT – III:
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing: Basic Principles of Orthogonality, OFDM
Block Diagram, OFDM Signal Mathematical Representation, Pulse shaping in OFDM
Signal and Spectral Efficiency, Applications of OFDM, FFT Point Selection Constraints
in OFDM.

UNIT – IV:
MIMO Systems: Introduction, exploitation of Space Diversity and Smart Antenna
system, MIMO Based System Architecture, Space – Time Processing, MIMO Channel
Modelling, MIMO Channel Measurement, MIMO Channel Capacity, Space Time
Coding, Advantages and Applications of MIMO in Present Context, MIMO
Applications in 3G Wireless System and Beyond, MIMO-OFDM.

UNIT – V:
SONET/SDH: Architecture, SONET Layers, SONET Frames, STS Multiplexing, SONET
Networks, Virtual Tributaries, Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM): Overview, Virtual
channels, Virtual paths, VP and VC switching, ATM cells, Header format, Transmission
of ATM cells, Adaptation layer, AAL services and protocols.

32
UNIT – VI:
ATM Traffic and Congestion Control: Requirements for ATM Traffic and Congestion
Control, Cell Delay Variation, ATM Service Categories, Traffic and Congestion
Control Framework, Traffic Control, Congestion Control.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Wireless Telecommunications Systems and Networks, Gary J.
Mullett, Cengage, 2006
2. Wireless Communication, Upena Dalal, Oxford University Press, 2016
3. ISDN and Broadband ISDN with Frame Relay and ATM, William Stallings, Prentice
Hall, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall,1999

REFERENCES:
1. Wireless Communication System, Ke-Lin Du & M. N. S. Swamy, Cambridge
University Press, 2010
2. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 4th Edition,
McGraw Hill, 2007
3. Mobile Cellular Communication, Gottapu Sasibhusan Rao, Pearson, 2012

33
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EI08) BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To interpret the essential bio signals such as ECG and EEG
• To apply signal and data processing techniques to bio signals and applications in
biomedicine
• To illustrate the use of wavelets in medical applications
• To grasp the advancements of biomedical engineering with the help of
emerging technologies like BCI

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Reflect on biological systems from a signals and systems viewpoint and apply
suitable signal processing techniques
CO-2: Apply advanced data compressing, modelling, and signal processing
techniques to ECG and EEG signals
CO-3: Design and implement digital filters for noise reduction in electrophysiological
data
CO-4: Demonstrate real-world applications of BCI

UNIT – I:
Cardiological Signal Processing: preprocessing of ECG signal, QRS detection
methods-Differentiation based and template based, Rhythm analysis and
Arrhythmia detection algorithms. Automated ECG analysis.

UNIT – II:
Data Compression Techniques: Turning Point algorithm, AZTEC, CORTES, KL transform,
Adaptive filters, Weiner filter principles, LMS & RLS, medical Applications of Adaptive
Noise Cancellation.

UNIT – III:
Neurological Signal Processing: Stochastic process, Linear prediction, Yule-Walker
equations, Auto Regressive Modeling of EEG signal, Detection of EEG Rhythms,
Template matching for EEG spike and wave detection, Detection of EEG spike and
wave complexes, Coherence analysis of EEG channels, Adaptive segmentation of
EEG signals.

UNIT – IV:
Sleep EEG: Data Acquisition and Classification of Sleep stages, The Markov Model
and Markov Chains, Dynamics of Sleep-Wake Transitions, Hypnogram Model
Parameters.
PRONY’S Method: Exponential Modelling, Exponential Parameter Estimation, The
original Prony Problem, Least Squares Prony Method, The Covariance Method of
Linear Prediction.

34
UNIT – V:
Wavelets in Medicine: Need for wavelets, Types of wavelets, Selection of a wavelet
for an application, Decomposition and reconstruction of signals using wavelets,
Denoising using wavelets, typical medical applications.

UNIT – VI:
Brain-Computer Interface: Brain signals for BCIs, Generic setup for a BCI, Feature
extraction and Feature translation involved in BCIs. Typical medical applications.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Biomedical Signal Analysis: A Case-Study Approach, Rangaraj M. Rangayyan,
John Wiley & Sons, 2005
2. Biomedical signal processing, D C Reddy, The McGraw-Hill Companies, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Biomedical Digital Signal Processing, Willis J. Tompkins, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt.
Ltd., 2012
2. Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling, Monson H. Hayes, Wiley-India,
2009
3. Brain-Computer Interfaces: Principles and Practice, Jonathan Wolpaw and
Elizabeth Winter Wolpaw, Oxford University Press, 2012
4. Wavelet Tour of Signal Processing: The Sparse Way, Stephan Stephane Mallat, 3rd
Edition, Academic Press, 2008

35
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1CS01) MOBILE COMPUTING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basic concepts of mobile computing and mobile
telecommunication system
• To be familiar with the network layer protocols and Ad-Hoc networks
• To know the basis of transport and application layer protocols
• To gain knowledge about different mobile platforms and application
development

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Illustrate the basics of mobile telecommunication systems
CO-2: Determine the functionality of medium access control and Network layer
CO-3: Analyze the functionality of Transport and Application layer and issues related
to database management in mobile computing
CO-4: Identify a routing protocol for a given ad hoc network

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Mobile Communications: Introduction to Mobile Computing, Novel
applications, Limitations and Architecture, Generations of mobile communication
technologies.
GSM: Mobile services, System architecture, Radio interface, Protocols, Localization
and calling, Handover, Security, and New data services-GPRS.

UNIT – II:
Medium Access Control: (Wireless) Medium Access Control (MAC): Motivation for a
Specialized MAC (Hidden and Exposed Terminals, Near and Far Terminals),
Multiplexing-SDMA- TDMA- FDMA- CDMA.

UNIT – III:
Mobile Network Layer: WIRELESS LAN: Infra-red Vs radio transmission, Infrastructure
and Ad-hoc Network, IEEE 802.11: System Architecture, Protocol Architecture,
Bluetooth: User Scenarios, Architecture

UNIT – IV:
Mobile Network and Transport Layer:
Mobile IP Network Layer: Mobile IP (Goals, assumptions, entities and terminology, IP
packet delivery, agent advertisement and discovery, registration, tunneling and
encapsulation, optimizations), Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP).
Mobile Transport Layer: Traditional TCP, Classical TCP improvements- Indirect TCP,
Snooping TCP, Mobile TCP, Fast retransmit/fast recovery, Transmission/ time-out
freezing, Selective retransmission, Transaction oriented TCP

UNIT – V:
Mobile Adhoc Networks: Characteristics of Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs),
Applications of MANETs, Routing, Proactive protocol-DSDV, Reactive Routing
Protocols – DSR, AODV, Hybrid routing –ZRP, Multicast Routing- ODMRP

36
UNIT – VI:
Database Issues: Database Issues: Hoarding techniques, caching invalidation
mechanisms. Data Dissemination: Communications asymmetry, classification of new
data delivery mechanisms, push-based mechanisms, pull-based mechanisms, hybrid
mechanisms, selective tuning (indexing) techniques

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mobile Communications, Jochen Schiller, Second Edition, PHI, 2003
2. Mobile Computing, Raj Kamal, Oxford University Press, 2007

REFERENCES:
1. Fundamentals of Mobile Computing, Prasant Kumar Pattnaik, Rajib Mall, PHI
Learning Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi
2. Handbook of Wireless Networks and Mobile Computing, Stojmenovic and
Cacute, Wiley, 2002
3. Introduction to Wireless and Mobile systems, Dharma Prakash Agarval, Qing and
An Zeng, Thomson Asia Pvt. Ltd., 2005
4. Principles of Mobile Computing, Uwe Hansmann, Lothar Merk, Martin S. Nicklons
and Thomas Stober, Springer, 2003

37
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1IT05) CLOUD COMPUTING

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand cloud computing architecture and deployment models
• To identify security issues and management in cloud computing
• To know audit and compliance in cloud computing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify security aspects of each cloud model
CO-2: Develop a risk-management strategy for moving to the Cloud
CO-3: Implement a public cloud instance using a public cloud
CO-4: Service provider Apply trust-based security model to different layer

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Cloud Computing: Online Social Networks and Applications, Cloud
introduction and overview, Different clouds, Risks, Novel applications of cloud
computing.

UNIT – II:
Cloud Computing Architecture: Requirements, Introduction Cloud computing
architecture, On Demand Computing Virtualization at the infrastructure level,
Security in Cloud computing environments, CPU Virtualization, A discussion on
Hypervisors Storage Virtualization Cloud Computing Defined, The SPI Framework for
Cloud Computing, The Traditional Software Model, The Cloud Services Delivery
Model
Cloud Deployment Models: Key Drivers to Adopting the Cloud, The Impact of Cloud
Computing on Users, Governance in the Cloud, Barriers to Cloud Computing
Adoption in the Enterprise.

UNIT – III:
Security Issues in Cloud Computing: Infrastructure Security, Infrastructure Security:
The Network Level, The Host Level, The Application Level, Data Security and Storage,
Aspects of Data Security, Data Security Mitigation Provider Data and Its Security.
Identity and Access Management Trust Boundaries and IAM, IAM Challenges,
Relevant IAM Standards and Protocols for Cloud Services, IAM Practices in the
Cloud, Cloud Authorization Management.

UNIT – IV:
Security Management in the Cloud: Security Management Standards, Security
Management in the Cloud, Availability Management: SaaS, PaaS, IaaS.
Privacy Issues: Privacy Issues, Data Life Cycle, Key Privacy Concerns in the Cloud,
Protecting Privacy, Changes to Privacy Risk Management and Compliance in
Relation to Cloud Computing, Legal and Regulatory Implications, U.S. Laws and
Regulations, International Laws and Regulations

38
UNIT – V:
Audit and Compliance: Internal Policy Compliance, Governance, Risk, and
Compliance (GRC), Regulatory/External Compliance, Cloud Security Alliance,
Auditing the Cloud for Compliance, Security-as-a-Cloud.

UNIT – VI:
Advanced Topics: Recent developments in hybrid cloud and cloud security

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cloud Computing Explained: Implementation Handbook for Enterprises, John
Rhoton, 2009

REFERENCES:
1. Cloud Security and Privacy: An Enterprise Perspective on Risks and Compliance
(Theory in Practice), Tim Mather, ISBN-10: 0596802765, O'Reilly Media, September
2009

39
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC15) RF IC DESIGN

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: VLSI Design (19PC1EC11) and Analog Circuits (19PC1EC06)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To know the basic concepts of RF and Wireless Technology
• To learn the basic concepts of RF design
• To study the transceiver architecture and design of its internal components
• To understand the design considerations of oscillators and power amplifiers

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the design bottlenecks specific to RF IC design
CO-2: Design constituent blocks of RF receiver front end
CO-3: Design Low Noise Amplifiers
CO-4: Design oscillators and PLL

UNIT – I:
Introduction to RF and Wireless Technology: Complexity comparison, Design
bottlenecks, Applications, Analog and Digital Systems, Choice of Technology.

UNIT – II:
Basic Concepts in RF Design: Nonlinearity and time variance, Inter Symbol
Interference, Random process and noise, sensitivity and dynamic range, passive
impedance transformation.

UNIT – III:
Transceiver Architectures: General considerations, receiver architecture, Transmitter
Architecture, transceiver performance tests, case studies.

UNIT – IV:
Low Noise Amplifiers and Mixers: Low Noise Amplifiers-General Considerations, Input
Matching, Bipolar LNAs, CMOS LNAs.
Down Conversion Mixers: General Considerations, Bipolar Mixers, CMOS Mixers, and
Noise in Mixers.

UNIT – V:
Oscillators: General Considerations, Basic LC topologies, Voltage-Controlled
Oscillators, Bipolar and CMOS LC oscillators.
Frequency Synthesizers: General considerations, Phase Locked loop, RF Synthesizer
architectures- Integer-N architecture, Fractional- N architecture, Frequency Dividers.

UNIT – VI:
Power Amplifiers: General considerations, linear and nonlinear Power amplifiers,
classification, High-efficiency power amplifiers, large-signal impedance matching,
linearization techniques.

40
TEXTBOOKS:
1. RF Microelectronics, Behzad Razavi, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2013
2. The Design of CMOS Radio Integrated Circuits, Thomas H. Lee, 2nd Edition,
Cambridge University Press, 2003

REFERENCES:
1. Design of Analog CMOS Integrated Circuits, Behzad Razavi, TMH Edition, 2002
2. CMOS Analog Circuit Design, Philip E. Allen and Douglas R. Holberg, Oxford
University Press, International Second Edition / Indian Edition, 2010
3. CMOS Integrated Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters, Rudy Van
De Plass che, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2003
4. CMOS Mixed-Signal Circuit Design, R. Jacob Baker, Wiley Inter science, 2009

41
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC16) RADAR SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: EM Waves and Transmission Lines (19PC1EC07), Microwave

Engineering (19PC1EC13)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the components of a radar system and their relationship to overall
system performance, the radar operating environment and techniques used to
confront it, and top-level measures of performance
• To understand basic detection theory as applies to radar
• To understand the concepts of the matched filter, ambiguity functions, and other
aspects of waveform with noise
• To understand radar measurements, associated quality, and the fundamentals of
radar tracking

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Describe the principle of radars and factors affecting the radar performance
CO-2: Analyse different types of radar systems to assess their performance
CO-3: Illustrate the characteristics of radar receivers and their performance
CO-4: Perform the radar receiver in terms of noise

UNIT – I:
Basics of Radar: Introduction, Radar block diagram and operation, Maximum
Unambiguous Range, Simple form of Radar Equation, Radar frequencies and
Applications. Prediction of Range Performance, Minimum detectable Signal,
Receiver Noise, Modified Radar Range Equation, Illustrative Problems.
Radar Equation: SNR, Envelope Detector, False Alarm Time and Probability,
Integration of Radar Pulses, Radar Cross Section of Targets (simple targets: sphere,
cone–sphere), Transmitter Power, PRF and Range Ambiguities. Systems Losses
(qualitative treatment) Illustrative Problems.

UNIT – II:
CW and Frequency Modulated Radar: Doppler Effect, CW Radar – Block Diagram,
Isolation between Transmitter and receiver, Non-zero IF Receiver, Receiver
Bandwidth Requirements, Applications of CW Radar. Illustrative problems.
FM-CW Radar: Range and Doppler Measurement, Block Diagram and
Characteristics (Approaching/ Receding Targets), FM-CW altimeter, Multiple
Frequency CW Radar.

UNIT – III:
MTI and Pulse Doppler Radar: Introduction, Principle, MTI Radar with - Power Amplifier
Transmitter and Power Oscillator Transmitter, Delay Line Cancellers – Filter
Characteristics, Blind Speeds, Double Cancellation, Staggered PRFs. Range Gated
Doppler Filter. MTI Radar Parameters, Limitations to MTI Performance, MTI versus Pulse
Doppler Radar.

42
UNIT – IV:
Tracking Radar: Tracking with Radar, Sequential Lobing, Conical Scan, Monopulse
Tracking Radar – Amplitude Comparison Monopulse (one- and two- coordinates),
Phase Comparison Monopulse. Tracking in Range, Acquisition and Scanning
Patterns. Comparison of Trackers.

UNIT – V:
Detection of Radar Signals in Noise: Introduction, Matched Filter Receiver – Response
Characteristics and Derivation, Correlation Function and Cross-correlation Receiver,
Efficiency of Non-matched Filters, Matched Filter with Non-white Noise.

UNIT – VI:
Radar Receivers: Noise Figure and Noise Temperature. Displays – types. Duplexers –
Branch type and Balanced type. Introduction to Phased Array Antennas – Basic
Concepts, Radiation Pattern, Beam Steering, types, applications, Advantages and
Limitations.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems, Merrill I. Skolnik, TMH Special Indian Edition, 2nd
Edition, 2007
2. Radar Principles, Peebles Jr. P. Z., Wiley, New York, 1998

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Radar Systems, Merrill I. Skolnik, 3rd Edition, TMH, 2001
2. Radar: Principles, Technology, Applications, Byron Edde, Pearson Education, 2004

43
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC17) ADAPTIVE SIGNAL PROCESSING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Digital Signal Processing (19PC1EC09)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To know the concepts of optimum and linear prediction filters
• To familiarize various applications of adaptive systems
• To understand the basic principles of various adaptive signal processing
algorithms with applications

COURSE OUTCOME: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Design optimum and linear prediction filters
CO-2: Analyze and implement different algorithms
CO-3: Develop various adaptive signal processing applications

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Adaptive Systems: Definitions, Characteristics, Applications, Example
of an Adaptive System, The Adaptive Linear Combiner – Description, Weight Vectors,
Desired Response, Performance function – Gradient & Mean Square Error, innovation
representation of stationary random process.

UNIT – II:
Linear Prediction Filters: Forward and Backward Linear Prediction, Optimum
reflection coefficients for the Lattice Forward and Backward Predictors, Solution of
the Normal Equations- Levinson Durbin Algorithm, Schur Algorithm, Properties of
Linear Prediction Filters.

UNIT – III:
Wiener Filters: FIR Wiener Filter, Orthogonality Principle in Linear Mean -Square
Estimation.
Wiener- Hopf equations, Error Performance surface, IR Wiener Filter, Non causal
Wiener Filter.

UNIT – IV:
Adaptive FIR Filters: Minimum Mean Square error criterion, The LMS algorithm, related
stochastic gradient algorithms, Properties of the LMS algorithm, RLS algorithm, Fast
RLS algorithm, Properties of the RLS algorithms.

UNIT – V:
Kalman Filters: Recursive minimum mean square estimation for scalar random
variables, Statement of Kalman filtering problem, The Innovation Process, Estimation
of State using the Innovation Process, Filtering, the extended Kalman filter.

UNIT – VI:
Applications of Adaptive Filters: System identification or system modelling, Adaptive
channel equalization, Echo cancellation in data transmission over telephone
channels, suppression of narrowband interference in a wideband signal, adaptive

44
line enhancer, adaptive noise cancelling, linear predictive coding of speech signal,
adaptive arrays.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications, John G. Proakis,
D. G. Manolakis, 4th Edition, Perason/PHI, 2013
2. Adaptive Filter Theory, Simon Haykin, 4th Edition, Pearson, 2016

REFERENCES:
1. Adaptive Signal Processing, Bernard Widrow, Samuel D. Strearns, Pearson, 2005
2. Optimum Signal Processing: An Introduction, Sophocles. J. Orfamadis, 2nd Edition,
McGraw-Hill, New York, 1988
3. Adaptive Signal Processing-Theory and Applications, S. Thomas Alexander,
Springer–Verlag, 1986
4. Statistical Signal Processing in Engineering, Umberto Spagnolini, Wiley, 2018

45
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC18) WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS AND PROTOCOLS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Computer Networks and Systems Approach (19PC1EC12)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand basics of Wireless Sensor Networks
• To study of medium access control protocols
• To distinguish key routing protocols used in sensor networks
• To learn transport layer protocols used in for sensor networks

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify engineering components, systems and protocols necessary for
establishing the WSN to any application
CO-2: Appreciate the merits and security requirements of the different WSN
protocols
CO-3: Demonstrate proficiency in using different WSN Protocols with sufficient
security
CO-4: Identify the design goals and issues in Routing and Transport Layer Protocols
for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks

UNIT – I:
Overview of Wireless Sensor Networks: Key definitions of sensor networks,
Advantages of sensor Networks, Unique constraints and challenges, Driving
Applications, Enabling Technologies for Wireless Sensor Networks.

UNIT – II:
Networking Technologies: Physical Layer and Transceiver Design Considerations,
Personal area networks (PANs), hidden node and exposed node problem,
Topologies of PANs, MANETs, WANETs.

UNIT – III:
MAC Protocols for Wireless Sensor Networks: Issues in Designing a MAC protocol for
Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design goals, Classifications of MAC Protocols, MAC
Protocols that use Directional Antennas,

UNIT – IV:
Routing Protocols: Introduction, Issues in Designing a Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks, Classification of Routing Protocols, Table –Driven Routing
Protocols, On – Demand Routing Protocols, Hybrid Routing Protocols, Routing
Protocols with Efficient Flooding Mechanisms.

UNIT – V:
Transport Layer Protocols: Introduction, Issues in Designing a Transport Layer Protocol
for Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Design Goals of a Transport Layer Protocol for Ad Hoc
Wireless Networks, Classification of Transport Layer Solutions.

46
UNIT – VI:
Security in WSN: Security in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks, Network Security
Requirements, Issues and Challenges in Security Provisioning, Network Security
Attacks, Key Management, Secure Routing in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks.

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Adhoc Wireless Networks: Architectures and Protocols, C. Siva Ram Murthy and B.
S. Manoj, PHI, 2004
2. Wireless Adhoc and Sensor Networks: Protocols, Performance and Control,
Jagannathan Sarangapani, CRC Press, 2007
3. Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, Holger Karl & Andreas
Willig, John Wiley, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks - Technology, Protocols, and Applications, Kazem
Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, & Taieb Znati, John Wiley, 2007
2. Wireless Sensor Networks - An Information Processing Approach, Feng Zhao &
Leonidas J. Guibas, Elsevier, 2007
3. Adhoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols & Systems, C. K. Toh, 1st Edition,
Pearson Education
4. Wireless Sensor Networks, C. S. Raghavendra, Krishna M. Sivalingam, 2004,
Springer
5. Wireless Sensor Networks, S. Anandamurugan, Lakshmi Publications

47
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1CS17) DISTRIBUTED TRUST AND BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To get the terminologies and overview of block chain technologies
• To study the concepts and foundation of blockchain Technology
• To understand Security Mechanism and Consensus in blockchain
• To design Use Cases and Architecture blockchain Technology

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Gain a clear understanding of the concepts that underlie digital distributed
ledger
CO-2: Understand key mechanisms like Decentralization, Transparency and trust,
Immutability, High availability, Highly secure and different types of Blockchain
CO-3: Understand the concept of Hash Function and Related Hash Algorithm
CO-4: Learn how to design and implement any application in Blockchain
Technology

UNIT – I:
Need for Distributed Record Keeping, Byzantine Generals problem Consensus
algorithms and their scalability problems, Technologies Borrowed in Blockchain –
hash pointers, consensus, digital cash etc.

UNIT – II:
Byzantine Models of fault tolerance, Hash functions, Puzzle friendly Hash, Collison
resistant hash, digital signatures, public key crypto, verifiable random functions, Zero-
knowledge systems

UNIT – III:
Bitcoin blockchain, the challenges, and solutions, proof of work, Proof of stake,
alternatives to Bitcoin consensus, Bitcoin scripting language and their use

UNIT – IV:
Ethereum and Smart Contracts, The Turing Completeness of Smart Contract
Languages and verification challenges, Using smart contracts to enforce legal
contracts, comparing Bitcoin scripting vs. Ethereum Smart Contracts

UNIT – V:
Hyperledger fabric, Fabric Membership, Fabric Membership, plug and play platform
and mechanisms in permissioned blockchain

UNIT – VI:
Pseudo-anonymity vs. anonymity, attacks on Blockchains – such as Sybil attacks,
selfish mining, 51% attacks.

TEXT BOOKS:

48
1. Blockchain Technology: Cryptocurrency and Applications, S. Shukla, M. Dhawan,
S. Sharma, S. Venkatesan, Oxford University Press, 2019
2. Blockchain: The Blockchain for Beginnings, Guild to Blockchain Technology and
Blockchain Programming, Josh Thompson, Create Space Independent Publishing
Platform, 2017

REFERENCES:
1. Blockchain Quick Reference, Brenn Hill, Samanyu Chopra, Paul Valencourt, 2018,
Packt Publishing
2. Blockchain: Blueprint for a New Economy, Melanie Swa, 2015
3. Mastering Bitcoin: Programming the Open Blockchai, Andreas M. Antonopoulos,
2017

49
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19PE1EC19) DSP PROCESSORS AND ARCHITECTURES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Digital Signal Processing (19PC1EC09), Microprocessors and

Microcontrollers (19PC1EC10)

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To study the architectural features of programmable DSPs
• To analyze the importance of numeric formats and sources of errors in DSP
implementation
• To understand the concepts of Memory & I/O interfacing
• To develop various DSP algorithms and their implementation

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand and Identify various DSP Architectures
CO-2: Discriminate different number representations and their effects
CO-3: Demonstrate the features of on-chip peripheral devices and memory-I/O
interfacing along with its programming
CO-4: Demonstrate the features of Real Time, Fixed point and Floating-point DSP
architectures

UNIT – I:
Introduction to DSP Processors: Digital Signal Processors, various architectures: VLIW
Architecture, Multiprocessor DSPs, SHARC, SIMD, MIMD, RISC and CISC.
Implementation considerations - Data representations and arithmetic, finite word
length effects, real time implementation considerations.

UNIT – II:
Execution Control and Pipelining: Hardware looping, Interrupts, Stacks, Relative
Branch support, Pipelining and Performance, Pipeline Depth, Interlocking, Branch
effects, Interrupt effects, Pipeline Programming models.

UNIT – III:
Typical Real-Time DSP System: Data representations and arithmetic, Analog - to –
digital conversion process, Uniform and non-uniform quantization and encoding,
Oversampling in A/D conversion, Digital to analog conversion process: signal
recovery, the DAC, Anti-imaging filtering, Oversampling in D/A conversion, Analog
I/O interface for real-time DSP systems, sources of errors in DSP implementation, real
time implementation considerations.

UNIT – IV:
Fixed-Point DSP Processors: Architecture of TMS 320C 5X, C54X Processors,
addressing modes, Memory space of TMS320C54XX Processors, Program Control,
TMS320C54XX instructions and Programming, On-Chip Peripherals, Interrupts of
TMS320C54XX processors, Pipeline operation of TMS320C54XX Processors, speed
issues.

50
UNIT – V:
Memory and I/O Interfacing: External bus interfacing signals, Memory interface,
Parallel I/O interface: Programmed I/O, Interrupts and I/O, Direct memory access
(DMA). Hardware interfacing, Multichannel Buffered Serial Port (McBSP), CODEC
interface circuit.
Implementation of DSP Algorithms: The Q-notation, FIR Filters, IIR Filters, Interpolation
Filters, Decimation Filters, FFT Algorithm, Adaptive Filters, 2-D Signal Processing.

UNIT – VI:
Floating-Point DSP Processors: TMS320C6000 series, architecture study, Central
processing UNIT and data paths, Functional UNITs and its operations, Addressing
modes in C6X, memory architecture, Peripherals, Assembly Instructions for arithmetic,
logical operations

TEXTBOOKS:
1. Digital Signal Processing, Avtar Singh and S. Srinivasan, Thomson Publications,
2016
2. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical Approach, Emmanuel C. Ifeachor, Barrie W.
Jervis, 2nd Edition, Pearson Publications. 2002
3. Digital Signal Processing and Applications with the C6713 and C6416 DSK, Rulph
Chassaing, Wiley, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Digital Signal processors Architectures, implementations and Applications, Sen M.
Kuo, Woon-Seng S. Gan, Pearson Publications, 2009
2. Digital Signal Processors, Architecture, Programming and Applications, B.
Venkata Ramani and M. Bhaskar, TMH, 2007
3. DSP Processor Fundamentals, Architectures and Features, Lapsley, S. Chand, 2003
4. DSP Applications with TMS 320 Family, K. Shin, Prentice Hall, 1987

51
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

0 8 4
(19PW4EC05) MAJOR PROJECT PHASE-I

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

0 12 6
(19PW4EC06) MAJOR PROJECT PHASE-II

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify and formulate the problem (Industry/technical/societal)
CO-2: Analyze, design and develop a solution to industry/technical/societal
problems
CO-3: Implement and execute the solution
CO-4: Demonstrate effective communication skills through oral presentation
CO-5: Engage in effective written communication through project report

COURSE OUTLINE:
• A student shall initiate major project in seventh semester (IV year I semester) and
continue it in the eighth semester (IV year II semester).
• Major project shall be carried out in two phases i.e., Major Project Phase-I in the
seventh semester and Major Project Phase-II in the eighth semester.
• Major project shall be evaluated for a total of 200 marks. Out of which, Major
Project Phase-I shall be evaluated for 100 marks in seventh semester and Major
Project Phase-II for 100 marks in eighth semester.
• Evaluation of Major Project Phase-I and Major Project Phase-II shall consist of both
CIE and SEE in each semester.
• CIE shall be done by a Project Review Committee (PRC) consisting of Head of
the Department, project supervisor and senior faculty member of the
Department.
• CIE shall be done on the basis of two seminars conducted in each semester as
per the academic calendar and as per the evaluation format provided by the
DoA.
• A student shall submit project progress in prescribed report format during each of
the project reviews.
• SEE shall be carried out in both Major Project Phase-I and Major Project Phase-II.
• SEE in Major Project Phase-I shall be conducted by a committee consisting of
Head of the Department, the project supervisor and one senior faculty of the
programme.
• SEE in Major Project Phase-II (project viva-voce) shall be conducted by a
committee consisting of an external examiner, Head of the Department, the
project supervisor and one senior faculty of the programme.

52
OPEN ELECTIVE
COURSES

53
SMART CITIES

54
 SMART CITIES

In the twenty-first century, engineers are being tasked with solving ever more complex and subtle societal
challenges – from climate change to unprecedented urbanisation that is materially affecting the lives of
many urban populations. As engineers become ever more interdisciplinary and the boundaries of disciplines
soften, they need to reflect as a community as to the appropriateness of the engineering paradigm to
address these needs. Currently the engineering community is pointing to the digital technologies and the
‘smart city’ as a deliverer of efficiency and resilience without fully acknowledging the intricate socio-political
context in which it is situated.

The domain of EIE was developed to modernise and automate these operations using the technological
advancements in the realm of electronics. Even outside the industry, common household appliances — such
as washing machine, air-conditioner, geyser, and microwave oven — cannot attract customers without
features such as auto cut-off after certain time or temperature, which is again an example of instrumentation.
The field of Instrumentation Engineering is also core to the recent advances such as smart home appliances,
smart cities and automobiles. It is thus not far from the truth to claim that the fourth industrial revolution.

The world population is continuously growing and reached a significant evolution of the society, where the
number of people living in cities surpassed the number of people in rural areas. This puts national and local
governments under pressure because the limited resources, such as water, electricity, and transports, must
thus be optimized to cover the needs of the citizens. Therefore, different tools, from sensors to processes,
service, and artificial intelligence, are used to coordinate the usage of infrastructures and assets of the cities
to build the so-called smart cities.

Different definitions and theoretical models of smart cities are given in literature. However, smart city can
usually be modelled by a layered architecture, where communication and networking layer plays a central
role. In fact, smart city applications lay on collecting field data from different infrastructures and assets,
processing these data, taking some intelligent control actions, and sharing information in a secure way. Thus,
a two-way reliable communications layer is the basis of smart cities. This chapter introduces the basic
concepts of this field and focuses on the role of communication technologies in smart cities. Potential
technologies for smart cities are discussed, especially the recent wireless technologies adapted to smart city
requirements.

What is the concept of a smart city?

There is no universally accepted definition for a smart city because people can interpret different meanings
for it. Hence, it means different things to different people. Here, you will get a basic definition that captures
the essence of what a smart city is and what it does. While the concept varies from area to area depending
on the resources, the basic idea behind it remains the same. A smart city aims to bring various components
together to live harmoniously and attempts to do with the least environmental damage or impact. In other
words, a smart city is a place with high standards of living, which survives and thrives on eco-friendly means.
The size and amenities within a smart city vary according to geography, resources available, geopolitical
scenario and investment received.

Growth in Global population continues to drive citizens from rural areas to cities. With rapid expansion of
urban areas, cities need to become intelligent to handle this large scale urbanization. This is driving city
operators to look at smarter ways to manage complexities, increase efficiencies and improve quality of life.
Today we need cities that monitor& integrate infrastructure to better optimize resources while maximizing
service to its citizens. So to meet all the needs we need our cities to be smarter which brings a concept
“Smart cities” Smart cities optimize the use of technology in the design & operation of infrastructure and
buildings in such a way which meets the current and future needs of their citizens. To be truly smart they also
require consideration of governance &growth, urban development and infrastructure, the environment &
natural resources, society and community.

Smart city programs provide a range of technologies that can be applied to solve infrastructure problems
associated with ageing infrastructure and increasing demands. The potential for infrastructure and urban
improvement remains unrealized, however, due to technical, financial, and social constraints and criticisms
that limit the implementation of smart cities concepts for infrastructure management. The discussion
presented here provides a review of smart technologies including sensors, crowdsourcing and citizen science,

55
actuators, data transmission, Internet of Things, big data analytics, data visualization, and blockchain, which
can be used for infrastructure management. Smart infrastructure programs are reviewed to explore how
enabling technologies have been applied across civil engineering domains, including transportation systems,
water systems, air quality, energy infrastructure, solid waste management, construction engineering and
management, structures, and geotechnical systems.

Making cities “smarter” by efficient management of resources and infrastructure, greener environment, and
smart governance resulting in a better quality of living of its citizens. This can be enabled by the effective use
of information and communication technologies (ICTs) tools, which have the ability to provide eco‐friendly
and economically viable solutions for cities.

Setting up a smart city is more than improving the old system with technology by simply adding sensors,
remote supervision, and control to essential city services. It should be a complete shift of a paradigm in daily
life when using new technologies, especially new ICT leading to smart outcomes.

Smart solutions
Another important feature of smart cities is that they will provide smart solutions to modern problems. These
include:

• Public information systems

• Redressal of grievances
• Electronic service delivery
• Maximum engagement of citizens
• Reduced energy and fuel usage
• Reduces the development of wastes
• Smart water monitoring
• Treatment of wastewater
• Sustainable monitoring water quality
• Maximum utilization of renewable energy sources
• Usage of green building techniques
• Smart parking to reduce clutter
• Intelligent traffic management system.

Advantages of a smart cities,

1. Promotion of mixed land usage resulting in higher efficiency and reduced wastage of land.
2. Expanded housing opportunities.
3. Reduced congestion, air pollution and resource depletion.
4. Helps to boost local economies by promoting localized trade and interactions.
5. Efficient use of public transport to reduce fuel wastage.
6. Safe and secure localities.
7. Preservation of open spaces.
8. Reduction in urban heating.
9. Promotion of transit-oriented development.
10. Making governance more people-friendly and cost-effective.

Here’s a look at some projects that have taken inspiration from the concepts used for the design of smart
cities. These projects will help you build energy-efficient systems that will help heal the world.

1. Home Automation using IoT

2. Smart Irrigation System
3. Smart Building using IoT
4. Smart Energy Meter using GSM
5. Solar and Smart Energy Systems
6. Smart Water Monitoring
7. Automated Street Lighting
8. Automated Railway Crossing

56
 9. Intelligent Transportation Systems
10. Smart Sewage Maintenance Systems.

To develop new smart cities and to transform our cities into smart cities the engineers in particular are
stepping up as leaders.

Civil & Environmental Engineers are working to harness the potential of latest technologies and data for our
urban infrastructure, which is among the most complex system in the world. They provide sustainable, resilient
and advanced means of transportation system, green building, better water management system and better
waste management system. This not only develop physical infrastructure but also develop institutional &
social infrastructure that enable our societies to function. Modelling these systems of systems will require
managing data at an unprecedented scale.

To support them Computer and Electronics & Communication Engineers help in creating future cities that are
digital, build and operate cities ICT landscape across application and infrastructure like IOT (Internet of
Things), e-payment, e-market, the latest communication devices etc which is leveraging next generation
technologies. They create a platform for conveyance of different city services, leverage big data analytics to
manage city performance and proactive crisis management.

Electrical Engineers developing new renewable source of energy to meet ever increasing power demands.
They also develop methods of effective power transmission with minimum losses which is more economical
and safer. They also work on developing microchips to micro sensors which are helping in making our
households, institution efficient and safer.

Conclusion
It is clear that dreaming of a smart city without active contribution of engineers is a myth. So, there will always
be demand of Engineers and because of which even after crises in the placement scenario still the maximum
science students choose Engineering as their first career choice in hope of a better future.

57
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE01) SMART CITIES PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To Introduce students on smart city basic concepts, global standards and Indian
context of smart cities
• To understand smart community, smart transportation and smart buildings
• To understand Energy demand, Green approach to meet Energy demand and
their capacities
• To identify Smart Transportation Technologies in cities and concepts towards
smart city

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Recognize smart city concepts and their international and national standards
CO-2: Recognize smart community, transportation and building concepts
CO-3: Develop and calibrate energy demand and their capacity limits
CO-4: Predict the various smart urban transportation systems and the transition from
existing city towards a smart city

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Smart Urban Infrastructures and Smart Cities: Introduction to City
Planning - Understanding Smart Cities - Dimensions of Smart Cities - Global
Experience of Smart Cities – Global Standards and Performance Benchmarks,
Practice Codes -Indian scenario - India “100 Smart Cities” Policy and Mission.

UNIT – II:
Smart Cities Planning and Development: Introduction to Smart Community - Smart
community concepts: Concept of Smart Community - Smart Transportation - Smart
Building and Home Device - Smart Health - Smart Government - Smart Energy and
Water – Cyber Security, Safety, and Privacy - Internet of Things, Blockchain, Artificial
Intelligence, Alternate Reality, Virtual Reality.

UNIT – III
Smart Urban Energy Systems – I: Conventional vs. Smart, City components, Energy
demand, Green approach to meet Energy demand, Index of Indian cities towards
smartness – A statistical analysis -Meeting energy demand through direct and
indirect solar resources - Efficiency of indirect solar resources and its utility, Capacity
limit for the indirect solar resources - Effectiveness in responsive environment in smart
city; Smart communication using green resources.

UNIT – IV:
Smart Urban Energy Systems – II: Introduction to PV technology - PV of various scale
for smart city applications - Energy efficiency - Policies of Solar PV in smart domains
(RPO, REC, Carbon credit, etc.) Definition, Structure of Smart Grid- Indian
Perspective- Advantage & limitation.

58
UNIT – V:
Smart Urban Transportation Systems: Smart Transportation Technologies - Driverless
and connected vehicles - Ride sharing solutions - The "improve" pathway - The "shift"
pathway – Smart Roads and Pavement systems.

UNIT – VI:
Towards Smart Cities: The transition of legacy cities to Smart -. Right transition process
- The benefit of citizens, cities to adopt effective management and governance
approaches - Factors in the transition phase of legacy cities to smart cities and their
managerial implications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Internet of Things in Smart Technologies for Sustainable Urban Development, G. R.
Kanagachidambaresan, R. Maheswar, V. Manikandan, K. Ramakrishnan,
Springer, 2020
2. Society 5.0: A People-centric Super-smart Society, Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-
UTokyo Lab), Springer, 2020
3. The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities, Katharine S. Willis, Alessandro Aurigi,
Routledge International Handbooks, 2020

REFERENCES:
1. Smart Cities in Asia: Governing Development in the Era of Hyper-Connectivity Yu-
min Joo, Yu-Min Joo, Teck-Boon Tan, Edward Elgar Pub, 2020
2. Urban Systems Design: Creating Sustainable Smart Cities in the Internet of Things
Era, Yoshiki Yamagata, Perry P. J. Yang, Elsevier, 2020
3. Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence: Convergent Systems for Planning, Design,
and Operations, Christopher Grant Kirwan, Zhiyong Fu, Elsevier, 2020

59
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE02) GREEN BUILDING TECHNOLOGY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Smart Cities Planning and Development

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To expose the students to green buildings, their features and importance in the
present context of sustainable development
• To introduce various sustainable building materials for green buildings
• To acquire knowledge on various design concepts and construction aspects of
green buildings
• To learn the various policies and incentives for green buildings and also different
green building rating systems and codes

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain the importance, features and requisites of a green building
CO-2: Identify suitable sustainable building materials for construction of green
building
CO-3: Plan and design various systems for green buildings
CO-4: Explain various codal provisions of green buildings and accordingly rate a
building

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Definition of Green Buildings - Typical features of green buildings -
Benefits of Green Buildings - Green Building Materials and Equipment in India - Key
Requisites for Constructing a Green Building - Important Sustainable features for
Green Building - Climate responsive buildings - Carbon footprint and eco footprints
of buildings.

UNIT – II:
Green Building Materials: Introduction to sustainable building materials – Sustainable
Concrete – Partial replacements in concrete - Natural building materials - Bio
materials - Mycelium - Engineered Wood - Structural insulated panels (SIPs) - Natural
Fiber - Nontoxic materials: low VOC paints, organic paints, coating and adhesives -
Use of waste materials such as paper, Cellulose, glass bottles, tires, shipping
containers - Use of industrial waste such as fly-ash, bags, building demolition waste.

UNIT – III:
Design of Green Buildings: Indoor environmental quality requirement and
management: Thermal comfort - HVAC - Visual perception - Illumination requirement
- Auditory requirement – Energy Efficiency - Lighting and day lighting - Steady and
non-steady heat transfer through the glazed window and the wall – Indoor air
quality - Local climatic conditions – temperature, humidity, wind speed and
direction.

UNIT – IV:
Construction of Green Buildings: IoT Integrated Automated Building Systems -
Synthetic Roof Underlayment - Green Roofs - Grid Hybrid System - Passive Solar -

60
Greywater Plumbing Systems - Electrochromic Glass - Solar Thermal Cladding -
Structural 3D Printing - Self-healing Concrete - Bird Friendly Design - Landscaping for
Parking Lot Runoff - Composting Toilets - Proactive Maintenance - Green Cleaning.

UNIT – V:
Green Building Policies and Incentives: Green products and material certification -
parameters making products green - products transparency movement - Cradle to
cradle certification - Product emission testing - Carbon trust - carbon credit - returns
on investments - savings Policies towards electrical power in India – Case study - Tax
credits & Grants - Green construction guide.

UNIT – VI:
Green Building Rating Systems and Codes: Green building rating systems: BREAM,
LEED and GRIHA, ISO 14020 – Green building codes: ECBC and NBC 2016 - Green
materials: Standard specifications – Case Studies: Dockland Building in Hamburg,
SOKA Building in Wiesbaden, KSK Tuebingen, Nycomed, Constance, DR Byen,
Copenhagen.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Green Building Handbook, Tom Woolley and Sam Kimings, 2009
2. Sustainable Construction: Green Building Design and Delivery, Charles J. Kibert,
2012

REFERENCES:
1. Green Building Fundamentals, Mike Montoya, Pearson, USA, 2010
2. Sustainable Construction - Green Building Design and Delivery, Charles J. Kibert,
John Wiley & Sons, New York, 2008
3. Sustainable Construction and Design, Regina Leffers, Pearson / Prentice Hall, USA,
2009
4. Introduction to Environmental Economics, Nick Hanley, Jason, F. Shogren and
Ben White, Oxford University Press, 2001

61
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE03) SMART MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Smart Cities Planning and Development, Green Building

Technology

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the students to various smart materials and their working principles
• To acquire knowledge on different measuring techniques
• To learn about various smart sensors, actuators and their application in structural
health monitoring
• To acquire knowledge on different smart composite materials and their
modelling concepts
• To learn about the data acquisition and processing and their application in
engineering domain

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain the different smart materials and their principles
CO-2: Explain and understand different measuring techniques
CO-3: Identify suitable smart sensors and actuators for a specific engineering
application
CO-4: Gain the knowledge on data acquisition and processing and advantages in
smart materials and smart structures

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Introduction to Smart Materials and Structures – Instrumented structures
functions and response – Sensing systems – Self -diagnosis – Signal processing
consideration – Actuation systems and effectors.

UNIT – II:
Measuring Techniques: Measuring techniques: Strain Measuring Techniques using
Electrical strain gauges, Types – Resistance – Capacitance – Inductance –
Wheatstone bridges – Pressure transducers – Load cells – Temperature
Compensation – Strain Rosettes.

UNIT – III:
Sensors: Sensing Technology – Types of Sensors – Physical Measurement using Piezo
Electric Strain measurement – Inductively Read Transducers – LVDT – Fiber optic
Techniques- Absorptive chemical sensors – Spectroscopes – Fibre Optic Chemical
Sensing Systems and Distributed measurement, Application of Smart Sensors for
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM), System Identification using Smart Sensors

UNIT – IV:
Actuators: Actuator Techniques – Actuator and actuator materials – Piezoelectric
and Electrostrictive Material – Magneto structure Material – Shape Memory Alloys –
Electro rheological fluids – Electromagnetic actuation – Role of actuators and
Actuator Materials - IPMC and Polymeric Actuators, Shape Memory Actuators

62
UNIT-V:
Signal Processing and Control Systems: Data Acquisition and Processing – Signal
Processing and Control for Smart Structures – Sensors as Geometrical Processors –
Signal Processing – Control System – Linear and Non-Linear

UNIT –VI:
Advances in Smart Structures & Materials: Self-Sensing Piezoelectric Transducers,
Energy Harvesting Materials, Autophagous Materials, Self Healing Polymers,
Intelligent System Design, Emergent System Design

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Smart Materials and Structures, Gandhi M. V. and Thompson B. S., Chapman &
Hall, Madras, 1992
2. Dynamics and Control of Structures, Meirovitch L., John Wiley, 1992

REFERENCES:
1. Smart Structures: Analysis and Design, A. V. Srinivasan, D. Michael McFarland,
Cambridge University Press, 2009
2. Smart Materials and Technologies: For the Architecture and Design Professions,
Michelle Addington and Daniel L. Schodek, Routledge 2004
3. Smart Structures and Materials, Brian Culshaw, Artech House – Borton, London,
1996

63
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE04) INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Smart Cities Planning and Development, Green Building

Technology, Smart Materials and Structures
COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand ITS architecture and standards
• To apply appropriate ITS technology depending upon site specific conditions
• To design and implement ITS components
• To understand concept and application of Automated Highway Systems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Differentiate different ITS user Services
CO-2: Apply ITS for road user safety
CO-3: Interpret importance of AHS in ITS
CO-4: Extend future research and special project

UNIT – I:
Introduction To ITS: System Architecture, Standards, Database – Tracking Database –
Commercial Vehicle Operations – Intelligent Vehicle Initiative - Metropolitan ITS –
Rural ITS – ITS for Rail network.

UNIT – II:
ITS Travel Management: Autonomous Route Guidance System – Infrastructure based
systems – Telecommunications – Vehicle – Roadside communication – Vehicle
Positioning System – Electronic Toll Collection – Electronic Car Parking

UNIT – III:
ITS Designs: Modeling and Simulation Techniques - Peer – to – Peer Program – ITS for
Road Network – System Design – Mobile Navigation Assistant – Traffic Information
Center – Public Safety Program.

UNIT – IV:
Introduction to Automated Highway Systems: Evolution of AHS and Current Vehicle
Trends - Vehicles in Platoons – Aerodynamic Benefits - Integration of Automated
Highway Systems – System Configurations - Step by Step to an Automated Highway
System.

UNIT – V:
Evaluation and Assessment of AHS: Spacing and Capacity for Different AHS
Concepts – Communication Technologies for AHS - The Effects of AHS on the
Environment – Regional Mobility - Impact Assessment of Highway Automation.

UNIT – VI:
Implementation of ITS: ITS programs globally- overview of ITS in developed countries
and developing countries – ITS at Toll Plazas – Parking lots – Highways.

64
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Intelligent Transport Systems Handbook: Recommendations for World Road
Association (PIARC), Kan Paul Chen, John Miles, 2000
2. Intelligent Transport Systems – Cases and Policies, Roger R. Stough, Edward Elgar,
2001
3. Intermodal Freight Transport, David Lowe, Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann
Publishers, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Positioning Systems in Intelligent Transportation Systems, Chris Drane and Chris
Rizos, Artech House Publishers, London, 2000
2. Perspectives on Intelligent Transport Systems, Joseph M. Sussman, Springer
Publishers, 2000
3. Intelligent Transport System, Intelligent Transportation Primer, Washington, US,
2001

65
 WASTE
MANAGEMENT

66
 WASTE MANAGEMENT

The courses such as solid waste management (SWM), hazardous waste

management (HWM), waste to energy (WTE) and intelligent waste management
and recycling system (IWM&RS) are the courses available in the waste management
track stream which having a potential syllabus content to meet out the industrial
and research needs.
Solid waste management is an interesting track course which actual
highlights the day-to-day problems where everybody is facing due to the improper
management of industrial, domestic and household waste. Further, the enthusiastic
aspects involved in the track courses such as: awareness on its impact over on
environment, formal or scientific way of handling and management of waste and
disposal scenarios.
In hazardous waste management course, handling and management of
nuclear waste at national and international level have been highlighted. Further, the
content enlightens about the legal process of state, central and industrial responses
toward any emergency situations arise by hazardous waste. Finally, it deals about
natural resource damage assessment and restoration.
Waste to energy is a pioneering course available in the track; it is one of the
interesting and mindboggling course in the track which highlights the importance of
converting the waste materials into wealth. It gives enough space to understand the
basic process technologies in a theoretical and industrial way such as: thermal,
chemical and biological conversion process. From the above, biological conversion
process is in its embryonic state and having potential to expands its technological
wings in the near future and having enormous scope of industrial applications where
students can be benefited. Finally, conversion devices is an innovative module have
been framed to explore the young minds in the line of designing and creating a
demand based conversion device products which even lays an entrepreneurial
pathway to them.
First of its kind, even at both international and national level a dedicated and
extensive course for intelligent waste management and recycling system have been
framed with conventional and advanced modules. It is really an interesting course
where a student can apply his/her innovative creations to solve the existing and
futuristic problems in a smart way with the help of smart tools. Optimistic modules
such as: life cycle assessment and carbon-footprint-based IWMS, principles of
systems engineering and regulatory frameworks have been incorporated to meet
out the international requirements.
In the pathway of exploring the fundamentals and basic knowledges about
the course, the six units of all the courses have been formulated keeping in the mind
that the students can be able to competitive among the international community at
the end of semester. In this context, comprehensive theoretical and industrial
processes have been incorporated in each and every module of courses. Further, it
is highly believed that the framed syllabus modules having 100% industrial
applications which can make the students to feel motivated, satisfied and
confidence to compete with the international community.

67
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE05) SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concepts of solid waste management
• To remember the characteristics of solid waste and source reduction techniques
• To acquire the knowledge & skills in the collection, storage, transport and
engineering principles of solid waste
• To remember and understand the treatment, disposal and recycling and various
laws and regulation of solid waste management

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply the fundamental concepts of solid waste management
CO-2: Apply the acquired knowledge to resolve the practical problems on source
reduction
CO-3: Apply the knowledge on collection, storage, transport and waste processing
of solid waste in real time situation
CO-4: Impart the gained knowledge and skills and various laws & regulations on
treatment of SW in real time societal problems

UNIT – I:
Sources and Classification: Types and Sources of solid and hazardous wastes - Need
for solid and hazardous waste management – Elements of integrated waste
management and roles of stakeholders - Financing and Public Private Participation
for waste management- Integrated solid waste management.

UNIT – II:
Waste Characterization and Source Reduction: Waste generation rates and variation
- Composition, physical, chemical and biological properties of solid wastes –
Hazardous Characteristics – TCLP tests – waste sampling and characterization plan -
Source reduction of wastes –Waste exchange - Extended producer responsibility -
Recycling and reuse.

UNIT – III:
Storage, Collection and Transport of Wastes: Handling and segregation of wastes at
source – storage and collection of municipal solid wastes – Analysis of Collection
systems - Need for transfer and transport – Transfer stations Optimizing waste
allocation– compatibility, storage, labeling and handling of hazardous wastes –
hazardous waste manifests and transport.

UNIT – IV:
Waste Processing Technologies: Objectives of waste processing – material
separation and processing technologies – biological and chemical conversion
technologies – methods and controls of Composting - thermal conversion
technologies and energy recovery – incineration – solidification and stabilization of

68
hazardous wastes- treatment of biomedical wastes - Health considerations in the
context of operation of facilities.

UNIT – V:
Waste Disposal: Waste disposal options – Disposal in landfills - Landfill Classification,
types and methods – site selection - design and operation of sanitary landfills, secure
landfills and landfill bioreactors – leachate and landfill gas management – landfill
closure and environmental monitoring – Rehabilitation of open dumps-remediation
of contaminated sites.

UNIT – VI:
Regulatory Frameworks: Salient features of Indian legislations on management and
handling of municipal solid wastes, hazardous wastes, biomedical wastes, nuclear
wastes - lead acid batteries, electronic wastes, plastics waste, bio-medical waste,
construction and demolition waste and fly ash waste.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Solid Waste Management, George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen and
Samuel A, Vigil, McGraw Hill International Edition, New York, 1993
2. CPHEEO, Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, Central Public Health
and Environmental Engineering Organization, Government of India, New Delhi,
2014

REFERENCES:
1. Handbook of Solid Waste Management, Frank Kreith, George Tchobanoglous,
McGraw Hill, 2002
2. Waste Management Practices, John Pitchtel, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis
Group, 2014
3. Municipal Solid Waste Management, Processing, Energy Recovery, Global
Examples, P. Jayarama Reddy, BS Publications, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis
Group, 2011
4. GoI, Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change, Various Recent
Laws and Rules of Solid Waste Management

69
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE06) HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Solid Waste Management

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concepts of hazardous waste management
• To understand the principle of waste characterization, storage, transport and
processing
• To understand the principles of nuclear waste and Hazardous Management (HM)
and emergency Response
• To understand the principle and process of landfills and natural resource
Damage Assessment & Restoration

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply the fundamental concepts of hazardous waste management
CO-2: Apply the knowledge to resolve the problems on storage, transport and
processing
CO-3: Apply the knowledge to resolve the practical problems on nuclear waste and
HM & emergency response
CO-4: Impart the gained knowledge and skills to resolve the practical problems on
landfills and natural resource damage assessment & restoration on field

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Need for hazardous waste management – Sources of hazardous
wastes – Effects on community – terminology and classification – Storage and
collection of hazardous wastes – Problems in developing countries – Protection of
public health and the environment.

UNIT – II:
Waste Characterization, Storage, Transport and Processing: Hazardous Waste
Characterization and Definable Properties - Analytical– Analytical methods –
Hazardous waste inventory- Source reduction of hazardous wastes - Handling and
storage of Hazardous wastes –Waste Compatibility Chart – Hazardous Waste
Transport- Manifest system – Transboundary movement of wastes – Basal Convention
– Hazardous waste treatment technologies – Physical, chemical and thermal
treatment of hazardous waste – Solidification – Chemical fixation – Encapsulation –
Incineration.

UNIT – III:
Nuclear Waste: Characteristics – Types – Nuclear waste – Uranium mining and
processing – Power reactors – Refinery and fuel fabrication wastes – spent fuel –
Management of nuclear wastes – Decommissioning of Nuclear power reactors –
Health and environmental effects.

UNIT – IV:
Management of Hazardous Wastes: Identifying a hazardous waste – methods –
Quantities of hazardous waste generated – Components of a hazardous waste

70
management plan – Hazardous waste minimization – Disposal practices in Indian
Industries – Future challenges - Emergency Response - National Response Team and
Regional Response Teams; National Contingency Plan and Regional Contingency
Plans; National Response Center; State, Local and Industry Response Systems.

UNIT – V:
Secure Landfills: Hazardous waste landfills – Site selections – landfill design and
operation – Regulatory aspects – Liner System- Liners: clay, geomembrane, HDPE,
geonet, geotextile – Cover system- Leachate Collection and Management –
Environmental Monitoring System- Landfill Closure and post closure care -
Underground Injection Wells.

UNIT – VI:
Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration: Natural Resource Damage
Assessment Laws and Regulations - Central and State government agencies -
Damage Assessment and Restoration Procedures - Groundwater Hydrology and
Contamination Processes - Groundwater Contamination Detection, Analysis and
Monitoring - Overview of CERCLA - Remedial Action Process and RCRA Correction
Action Program - Preliminary Assessments and Site Inspections - Hazard Ranking
System - National Priorities List - State Priorities List - Remedial Investigations and
Feasibility Studies - Records of Decision and the Administrative Process - Remedial
Design - Remedial Action - NPL Deletion Process.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Hazardous Waste Management, Charles A. Wentz., 2nd Edition, McGraw Hill
International, 1995
2. Standard Handbook of Hazardous Waste Treatment and Disposal, Harry M.
Freeman, McGraw Hill, 1997

REFERENCES:
1. Hazardous Waste (Management and Transboundary Movement) Rules, Ministry
of Environment and Forests, Government of India, New Delhi
2. Guidelines and Criteria for Hazardous Waste Landfills and Hazardous Waste
Treatment Disposal Facilities, Central Pollution Control Board, New Delhi, 2010
3. Hazardous Waste Management, Anjaneyulu
4. Hazardous Waste Management, M. LaGrega and others, McGraw-Hill Publication

71
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE07) WASTE TO ENERGY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Solid Waste Management, Hazardous Waste Management

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concepts of energy from waste
• To understand the principle and process of thermal conversion technology (TCT)
• To understand the principle and process of chemical and biological conversion
technology (CCT & BCT)
• To understand the principles and processes of biomass energy technology (BET)
and conversion process and devices (P&D) for solid wastes

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply the fundamental concepts of energy from waste
CO-2: Apply the acquired knowledge to resolve the practical problems on TCT
CO-3: Apply the knowledge to resolve the practical problems on CCT and BCT
CO-4: Impart the gained knowledge and skills to resolve the practical problems on
BET and P&D

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Energy from Waste: Classification of waste as fuel – agro based, forest
residue, industrial waste, MSW – conversion devices – incinerators, gasifiers, digesters,
Environmental monitoring system for land fill gases, Environmental impacts; Measures
to mitigate environmental effects due to incineration.

UNIT – II:
Thermal Conversion Technologies: Fundamentals of thermal processing –
combustion system – pyrolysis system – gasification system – environmental control
system – energy recovery system – incineration.

UNIT – III:
Chemical Conversion Technologies: Acid & Alkaline hydrolysis – hydrogenation;
solvent extraction of hydrocarbons; solvolysis of wood; biocrude; biodiesel
production via chemical process; catalytic distillation; transesterification methods;
Fischer-Tropsch diesel: chemicals from biomass - various chemical conversion
processes for oil, gas, cellulose acetate.

UNIT – IV:
Biological Conversion Technologies: Nutritional requirement for microbial growth –
types of microbial metabolism – types of microorganisms – environmental
requirements – aerobic biological transformation – anaerobic biological
transformation – aerobic composting – low solid anaerobic digestion – high solid
anaerobic digestion – development of anaerobic digestion processes and
technologies for treatment of the organic fraction of MSW – Biodegradation and
biodegradability of substrate; biochemistry and process parameters of
biomethanation - other biological transformation processes.

72
UNIT – V:
Biomass Energy Technologies: Biomass energy resources – types and potential;
Energy crops - Biomass characterization (proximate and ultimate analysis); Biomass
pyrolysis and gasification; Biofuels – biodiesel, bioethanol, Biobutanol; Algae and
biofuels; Pellets and bricks of biomass; Biomass as boiler fuel; Social, economic and
ecological implications of biomass energy.

UNIT – VI:
Conversion Devices: Combustors (Spreader Stokes, Moving grate type, fluidized
bed), gasifier, digesters. Briqueting technology: Production of RDF and briquetted
fuel. Properties of fuels derived from waste to energy technology: Producer gas,
Biogas, Ethanol and Briquettes – conversion process with basic device formulation
for agricultural residues and wastes including animal wastes; industrial wastes;
municipal solid wastes; E-waste; Bio-medical waste; C&D waste; plastic waste and
batteries waste.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Integrated Solid Waste Management, George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen and
Samuel A., Vigil, Mc-Graw Hill International Edition, New York, 1993
2. Energy from Waste - An Evaluation of Conversion Technologies, C. Parker and T.
Roberts (Ed.), Elsevier Applied Science, London, 1985

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Biomass Energy Conversion, Capareda S., CRC Press, 2013
2. Thermo-chemical Processing of Biomass: Conversion into Fuels, Chemicals and
Power, Brown R. C. and Stevens C., Wiley and Sons, 2011
3. Biomass Conversion Processes for Energy and Fuels, Sofer, Samir S. (Ed.), Zaborsky,
R. (Ed.), New York, Plenum Press, 1981
4. Energy Recovery from Municipal Solid Waste Thermal Conversion Technologies, P.
Jayarama Reddy, CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, London, UK, 2016

73
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CE08) INTELLIGENT WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AND RECYCLING SYSTEM

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Solid Waste Management, Hazardous Waste

Management, Waste to Energy

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the concepts of Solid waste
• To understand the principle and process of IWMS Tools
• To understand the applications of IoT, ML, DL, BC and LCA & Carbon Foot Print
(CFP) based SWM
• To understand the principles of Process Systems Engineering (PSE) and various
laws and regulation of SWM

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply the fundamental concepts of Solid waste
CO-2: Apply the knowledge to resolve the practical problems with the help of IWMS
Tools
CO-3: Apply the knowledge of IoT, ML, DL, BC and LCA & CFP to resolve the
practical problems in SWM
CO-4: Impart the PSE knowledge and various laws and regulation to resolve the
practical problems in SWM

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Solid Waste: Sources, Generation, Classification and Types of Solid
Waste – Biomedical Waste – E-Waste – Construction and Demolition Waste – Plastic
Waste – Batteries Waste – Hazardous Waste - Waste Management Through Waste
Hierarchy: Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Recover, and Disposal - Waste Operational
Units: Equipment and Facilities: Collection and Transportation - Mechanical
Treatment - Biological Treatment - Thermal Treatment – Disposal.

UNIT – II:
Introduction to IWMS Tools: Introduction – Need of the IWMS – functional elements of
IWMS – Ultrasonic Sensor, Arduino Board, GSM Module, Bread Board, Power Supply
(Battery) – Jump Wires - Navigation system – Cloud Services - Zero Waste Principle.

UNIT – III:
Applications in Intelligent Waste Management System: Introductory Applications of
IoT, Machine Learning, Deep Learning and Block Chain Technology in Waste
Characterization and Source Reduction, Storage, Collection and Transport of
Wastes, Waste Processing Technologies and Waste Disposal.

UNIT – IV:
Life Cycle Assessment and Carbon-Footprint-Based IWMS: Phases of Life Cycle
Assessment: Goal and Scope Definition - Life Cycle Inventory - Life Cycle Impact
Assessment – Interpretation - LCA Waste Management Software - Umberto Software
- SimaPro Software - LCA Assessment Methodology: Life Cycle Inventory Analysis -
Life Cycle Impact Assessment – Interpretation - Sensitivity Analysis - Carbon-Footprint-

74
Based SWM - The Global-Warming Potential Impact - GHG Accounting - GWP
Assessment for Solid Waste Management.

UNIT – V:
Principles of Systems Engineering: Systems Engineering Principles and Tools for SWM -
Planning Regional Material Recovery Facilities - Optimal Planning for Solid Waste
Collection, Recycling, and Vehicle Routing - Multiattribute Decision Making with
Sustainability Considerations - Decision Analysis for Optimal Balance between Solid
Waste Incineration and Recycling Programs - Environmental Informatics for
Integrated Solid Waste Management - Future Perspectives.

UNIT – VI:
Regulatory Frameworks: Salient features of Indian legislations on management and
handling of municipal solid wastes, hazardous wastes, biomedical wastes, nuclear
wastes - lead acid batteries, electronic wastes, plastics waste, bio-medical waste,
construction and demolition waste and fly ash waste.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Sustainable Solid Waste Management - A Systems Engineering Approach, Ni-Bin
Chang and Ana Pires, IEEE & John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, New Jersey, 2015
2. Integrated Solid Waste Management, George Tchobanoglous, Hilary Theisen and
Samuel A., Vigil, McGraw Hill International Edition, New York, 1993

REFERENCES:
1. Manual on Municipal Solid Waste Management, CPHEEO, Central Public Health
and Environmental Engineering Organization, Government of India, New Delhi,
2014
2. Smart Waste Management-Nutshell, Vishal Gupta, Amazon.com Services LLC,
September 11, 2017
3. Recyclable Household Waste Management System for Smart Home in IOT,
Manpreet Kaur & Dr. Kamaljit Singh Saini, Independently Published, June 12, 2018
4. GoI, Ministry of Environment and Forest and Climate Change, Various Recent
Laws and Rules of Solid Waste Management

75
GREEN ENERGY

76
 1. RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

What we are studying?

The climate landscape is changing rapidly, and new technologies and solutions
keep arising to respond to global and local challenges.
Renewable energy sources course makes you discover how Solar Thermal Energy
conversion system works. It makes you understand how a Solar Photo voltaic
generation system generates electricity. Scope of the course also includes wind
energy generation. It also navigates you through Biomass and geo thermal
energy generation systems.
Job opportunities:
When it comes to the hottest and most buzzing careers in the 21st century, the
majority of people think of hardcore technical domains such as data science,
machine learning & artificial intelligence. Few people might also come up with
biotechnology (or biosciences). But, quite often people forget about one of the
dark horses – the Renewable Energy sector. Even Bill Gates lobbied for the Energy
sector as one of the top three career choices for making an impactful career.

Reference:
https://www.stoodnt.com/blog/careers-in-renewable-energy-job-opportunities-
fields-of-study-and-top-universities/

2. RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

Within Crisis, there are seeds of opportunity..! We are at the wedge of fossil fuel
end. After few years you can witness fuel crisis all over the world, as an engineer
one must aware of the solution. To design sustainable systems those last for
decades, one must use renewable energy as main or auxiliary source of energy.
The application may be electrical or mechanical or chemical, one must convert
energy from renewable source into electricity for ease of use.
Renewable Energy Technologies course will introduce you to Different types of
Solar PV systems and their characteristics. Students will know the functionality of
Power Converters such as Inverters etc., through block diagram approach. Fuel
cell technology, which is one of the solutions for energy crisis will be discussed in
detail. Course will conclude by discussing impact of PV panel production on
environment and disposal of it.
Job Opportunities:
Green jobs in the renewable energy sector are expected to touch new figures
with 6 digit monthly income. Following link may describe the interesting
interdisciplinary careers for budding engineers.

Reference:
https://www.businessinsider.in/slideshows/miscellaneous/21-high-paying-careers-
for-people-who-want-to-save-the-planet-and-also-have-job-
security/slidelist/70677782.cms#slideid=70677804

3. ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

Battery technology is an essential skill for every engineer in present scenario.
Course on energy storage technologies will enable student to, Design storage
system Residential loads integrated to Renewable and storage systems for
Electric Vehicles. It will make student to understand various electrochemical
storages such as Lead acid, Li Ion cell etc. and their characteristics. The course

77
enables student to compare non-electric, electric storage systems and analyze
application of them to various domains.

Job opportunities:
Upon successful completion of course student will enhance the chances of
getting into EV industry , which almost open fact. Job Profiles include
i. Battery algorithms engineer
ii. Battery management engineer
iii. Battery modeling expert
iv. Design engineer – EV

4. ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

Energy Management And Conservation course is mainly intended to monitor
Energy consumption of industries and to manage energy systems. This course
also deals with methods of improving efficiency of electric machinery and to
design a good illumination system. It also teaches student calculate pay back
periods for energy saving equipment.

78
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EE01) RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the role of solar power
• To know components of PV system conversion
• To learn Operation of windmills
• To understand the principle operation of biomass and geo thermal energy
systems

COURSE OUT COMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to
CO-1: Understand Solar Thermal Energy conversion systems
CO-2: Understand Solar Photo voltaic systems
CO-3: Analyze wind energy conversion system
CO-4: Understand the principle operation of Biomass and geo thermal energy
systems

UNIT – I:
Principles of Solar Radiation: Role and potential of new and renewable source, the
solar energy option, Environmental impact of solar power, physics of the sun, The
apparent motion of the sun, the solar constant, extraterrestrial and terrestrial solar
radiation, solar radiation on titled surface, instruments for measuring solar radiation
and sunshine, solar radiation data.

UNIT – II:
Solar Thermal Energy Conversion:
Solar Heating: Some basic calculations, The performance of solar heating devices,
Evaluation of sunlight received by a collector, Flat solar panels - Different
technologies of thermal solar collectors-Evaluation of the performance of solar
collectors- Selective coatings for collectors and glazing, Solar heating systems -
Individual and collective solar water heaters- Combined solar systems for the
heating of buildings
Power Stations: Concentric Solar Power Plants- Concentrating systems- Components
for production of heat and conversion into electricity

UNIT – III:
Solar PV Conversion: The PV Cell-Crystalline Solar cells-Thin film solar cell, Module,
Array, Equivalent Electrical circuit, Open circuit voltage and Short circuit current, I-V,
P-V Corves, Array design- Sun angle- effect of Temperature-Sun tracking, PV system
components

UNIT – IV:
Wind Energy: Sources and potentials, horizontal and vertical axis windmills,
performance characteristics, Betz criteria, Maximum power Tracking of wind mills,
and peak power operation Site selection of Wind mills, working Induction generator
(Principle only)

79
UNIT – V:
Bio-Mass: Principles of Bio-Conversion, Anaerobic/aerobic digestion, types of Bio-gas
digesters, gas yield, combustion characteristics of bio-gas, utilization for cooking, I.C.
Engine operation and economic aspects.

UNIT – VI:
Geothermal & Ocean Energy: Resources, types of wells, methods of harnessing the
energy (brief discussion) potential in India. OTEC, Principles utilization, setting of OTEC
plants, thermodynamic cycles. Tidal and wave energy: Potential and conversion
techniques, mini-hydel power plants, and their economics.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G. D. Rai, Khanna Publishers
2. Renewable Energies, John Claude Sabbonedere, ISTE & John Wiley Publishers,
2007
3. Renewable Energy Resources, Twidell & Wier, CRC Press (Taylor & Francis), 2016

REFERENCE:
1. Wind & Solar Power Systems, Mukund R. Patel, CRC Press, 2003

80
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EE02) RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Renewable Energy Sources

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To provide necessary knowledge about the modeling, design and analysis of
various PV systems
• To show that PV is an economically viable, environmentally sustainable
alternative to the world's energy supplies
• To understand the power conditioning of PV and WEC system’s power output

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Model, analyze and design various photovoltaic systems
CO-2: Know the feasibility of PV systems as an alternative to the fossil fuels
CO-3: Design efficient stand alone and grid connected PV and WEC power systems

UNIT – I:
Behavior of Solar Cells-Basic Structure and Characteristics: Types - equivalent circuit-
modeling of solar cells including the effects of temperature, irradiation and
series/shunt resistances on the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current-Solar
cell arrays- PV modules-PV generators- shadow effects and bypass diodes- hot spot
problem in a PV module and safe operating area.

UNIT – II:
Types of PV Systems: Grid connected PV systems- Net-metering- Estimation of actual
AC output power from PV systems
Stand-alone system- Approach to designing an off-grid PV system with battery- with
battery and diesel generator- Stand-alone solar water pumping system-
Sizing/designing PV water pumping system- Problems

UNIT – III:
Power Converters for PV and Wind: Basic switching devices, AC-DC Rectifier, DC-AC
inverter (Basic operation), DC-DC converter - Buck, Boost converters Basic operation,
Battery charger (Basic operation), grid interface requirements in Renewable energy
integration

UNIT – IV:
Maximum Power Point Tracking: Various Sources of Losses is PV system, Charge
Control in Battery Backed PV Systems, Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)- Role
of DC-DC converter in MPP tracking- Perturb and Observe Method-pseudo program
for P&O method, Advanced Issues & Algorithms- search steps-variable step size
algorithm.

UNIT – V:
Fuel Cell Technology: History of Fuel cells, Fuel Cell Vehicle Emissions, Hydrogen
safety factors, Principle of Operation- Fuel cell Model- cell voltage, Power and

81
efficiency of fuel cell, Various types of fuel cells, Various storage systems for
Hydrogen, Applications

UNIT – VI:
Solar Thermal Electricity Generation: Sterling Engine, Solar Pond, Solar Chimney
Solar PV System Environment Impact: Potential Hazards in production of PV cell,
Energy payback and CO2 emission of PV systems, Procedure for decommissioning of
PV plant, Future Trends of Wind Energy system

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Handbook of Renewable Energy Technology, Ahmed F. Zobaa, World Scientific
Publishing Company, 2011
2. Wind and Solar Power Systems Design, Analysis, and Operation, Patel M. R., 2nd
Edition, CRC Press, New York, 2005
3. Practical Handbook of Photovoltaics - Fundamentals and Applications, Augustin
McEvoy, Tom Markvart, T. Markvart, L. Castaner, Elsevier Science, 2003

REFERENCE:
1. Electric Powertrain - Energy Systems, Power Electronics & Drives for Hybrid, Electric
& Fuel Cell Vehicles, Goodarzi, Gordon A., Hayes, John G, John Wiley & Sons,
2018

82
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EE03) ENERGY STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Renewable Energy Sources, Renewable Energy

Technologies

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand Techno economic analysis of various storage systems
• To know Feasibility of different storage technologies
• To learn operation of several electrochemical storage systems
• To understand Functionality of non-electric storage systems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Design storage system Residential loads integrated to Renewable and storage
systems for Electric Vehicles
CO-2: Understand various electrochemical storage system
CO-3: Understand terminology and characteristics of Electro chemical systems
CO-4: Compare non-electric and electric storage system
CO-5: Analyze application of storage systems to various domains

UNIT – I:
Techno-economic Analysis of Various Energy Storage Technologies: Electrical
Energy Storage (EES)-Definition-Role, Energy storage components, Applications and
Technical support, Financial Benefits of EES, Techno economic analysis, Classification
of Energy Storage systems, Comparison

UNIT – II:
Estimation of Energy Storage and Feasibility Analysis: Background-Solar Power-Wind
Power (Brief discussion), Estimation-daily residential load-daily available solar energy-
daily available wind energy-Importance, Estimation of Storage sizing- Steps for
Storage sizing- Grid connected residential PV-grid connected residential Wind-hybrid
system, Feasibility analysis of Storage systems- Various Terms involved- Case study of
comparison between Off grid and grid connected systems

UNIT – III:
Electro Chemical Storage: Standard Batteries- Lead Acid- VRLA - Ni-cd, Modern
Batteries- Ni MH- Li Ion, Flow Batteries – Br2 Zn-Vanadium Redox, Battery composition,
construction, Principle of operation, Types, Advantages and disadvantages to
above batteries.

UNIT – IV:
Terminology & Characteristics: Battery Terminology, Capacities, Definitions of various
characteristics, Different States of charge-DOD-SOC-SOE-SOH-SOF, Resistance,
Battery Design, Battery Charging, Charge Regulators, Battery Management, General
Equivalent Electrical Circuit, Performance Characteristics

83
UNIT – V:
Non-Electric Storage Technologies: Flywheel, Energy Relations, Flywheel System
Components, Benefits of Flywheel over Battery, Superconducting Magnet Energy
Storage, Compressed Air Energy storage, Overview Thermal Energy Storage.
Capacitor bank storage, Comparison of storage Technologies

UNIT –VI:
Applications: Domains of applications of Energy storage- Starter-Traction-stationary-
mobile or nomadic, Review of storage requirements, Storage for Electric Vehicle
application, Storage for hybrid vehicle-Regenerative Braking-Super capacitor-hybrid
capacitor

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Energy Storage Technologies and Applications, Ahmed Faheem Zobaa, InTech
Publishers, 2013
2. Lithium Batteries and Other Electrochemical Storage Systems, Christian Glaize,
Sylvie Geniès, ISTE & John Wiley, 2013
3. Wind and Solar Power Systems, Mukund R. Patel, 2nd Edition, CRC Press, 2006

REFERENCES:
1. Rechargeable Batteries Applications Handbook, EDN Series for Design Engineers,
Elsevier

84
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EE04) ENERGY MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Renewable Energy sources, Renewable Energy

Technologies, Energy Storage Technologies

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the necessity of conservation of Energy
• To Know the methods of Energy management
• To identity the factors to increase the efficiency of electrical equipment
• To know the benefits of carrying out energy Audits

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: To conduct Energy Audit of industries
CO-2: To manage energy Systems
CO-3: To specify the methods of improving efficiency of electric motor
CO-4: To improve power factor and to design a good illumination system
CO-5: To calculate pay back periods for energy saving equipment

UNIT – I:
Basic Principles of Energy Audit: Energy audit- definitions, concept, types of audit,
energy index, cost index, pie charts, Sankey diagrams, load profiles, Energy
conservation schemes- Energy audit of industries- energy saving potential, energy
audit of process industry, thermal power station, building energy audit

UNIT – II:
Energy Management: Principles of energy management, organizing energy
management program, initiating, planning, controlling, promoting, monitoring,
reporting- Energy manager, Qualities and functions, language, Questionnaire -
check list for top management

UNIT – III:
Energy Efficient Motors: Energy efficient motors, factors affecting efficiency, loss
distribution, constructional details, characteristics - variable speed, variable duty
cycle systems, RMS hp- voltage variation-voltage unbalance- over motoring- motor
energy audit

UNIT – IV:
Power Factor Improvement, Lighting and Energy Instruments: Power factor –
methods of improvement, location of capacitors, p.f with non-linear loads, effect of
harmonics on p.f., p.f motor controllers – simple problems

UNIT – V:
Lighting Energy Audit and Energy Instruments: Good lighting system design and
practice, lighting control, lighting energy audit - Energy Instruments- watt meter,
data loggers, thermocouples, pyrometers, flux meters, tongue testers, application of
PLC’s

85
UNIT – IV:
Economic Aspects and Analysis: Economics Analysis-Depreciation Methods, time
value of money, rate of return, present worth method, replacement analysis, life
cycle costing analysis.

UNIT – VI:
Analysis of Energy Efficient Motor: Energy efficient motors- calculation of simple
payback method, net present worth method- Power factor correction, lighting -
Applications of life cycle costing analysis, return on investment.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Energy Management, W. R. Murphy & G. Mckay, Butterworth-Heinemann
Publications
2. Energy Management, Paul o’ Callaghan, 1st Edition, McGraw Hill Book Company,
1998

REFERENCES:
1. Energy Efficient Electric Motors, John C. Andreas, 2nd Edition, Marcel Dekker Inc.
Ltd., 1995
2. Energy Management Handbook, W. C. Turner, John Wiley and Sons
3. Energy Management and Good Lighting Practice: Fuel Efficiency Booklet12-EEO

86
3D PRINTING AND
DESIGN

87
 3D PRINTING AND DESIGN

3D Printing is a process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital

model by laying down many successive thin layers of a material. It brings a digital
CAD model into its physical form by adding layer by layer of materials. Thus called
‘Additive Manufacturing’. It is the opposite of subtractive manufacturing i.e.,
removing material from an object using a mechanical machine. It enables to
produce complex shapes using less material than traditional manufacturing
methods. There are several different techniques to 3D print an object. It saves time
through prototyping and is also responsible for manufacturing impossible shapes.
Due to these, it has many applications in different fields like consumer products
(eyewear, footwear, design, furniture, industrial products (manufacturing tools,
prototypes, functional end-use parts, dental products, prosthetics, architectural
scale models, reconstructing fossils, replicating ancient artefacts, reconstructing
evidence in forensic pathology etc.

3D printing has good prospects from career perspective. Various positions that could
be available are CAD designers, engineers, technical developers, software
developers, electronics engineers, etc.

This OE track consists of 04 courses and is designed with an objective to provide an

overview of all the constituents of 3D Printing starting from elements of CAD that are
needed to create CAD models, followed by basics of 3D Printing required for setting
the parameters, then the machines and tools used in 3D Printing for thorough
understanding of systems and processes and finally the reverse engineering of 3D
printing models from actual objects.

88
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1ME01) ELEMENTS OF CAD

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basics of CAD and devices used
• To know the various types of modeling used in CAD
• To appreciate the concept of feature-based modeling and geometric
transformations
• To comprehend the assembly modeling procedure and data exchange formats

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Know the fundamentals of CAD and devices used
CO-2: Identify the types of CAD modeling techniques and utilize them
CO-3: Evaluate the objects or models using geometric transformations and
manipulations
CO-4: Perform the assembly modeling and asses the various data exchange formats

UNIT – I:
Fundamentals of CAD: Introduction to Computer Aided Design (CAD), Design
process, Application of computers for Design and Manufacturing, Benefits of CAD,
Brief overview of computer peripherals for CAD.

UNIT – II:
Geometric Modeling: Introduction to Geometric Model, Types of modeling, Curve
representation
Wireframe Modeling: Introduction, advantages, limitations and applications, Wire
frame entities-analytic and synthetic, Basic definitions of Cubic, Bezier and B-spline
curves

UNIT – III:
Surface Modeling: Introduction, advantages, limitations and applications, surface
entities, Basic definitions of analytic surfaces - planar surface, ruled surface,
tabulated cylinder, surface of revolution; Basic definitions of synthetic surfaces -
Bezier surface, B-spline surface

UNIT – IV:
Solid Modeling: Introduction, advantages, limitations and applications, Solid Entities,
Solid Representation schemes – Boundary Representation (B-Rep) scheme,
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) scheme.
Feature-based Modeling: Introduction, Feature entities, Feature representation, 3D
Sketching, Parameter, Relations and Constraints

UNIT – V:
Geometric Transformations: Introduction to 2D & 3D transformations, Brief treatment
on Translation, Scaling, Reflection and Rotation using Homogeneous and
concatenated transformations

89
Manipulations: Displaying, Segmentation, Trimming, Intersection, Projection

UNIT – VI:
Assembly Modeling: Introduction, Assembly modeling, Assembly Tree, Mating
Conditions, Bottom-up and Top-down approach
Product Data Exchange: Introduction, Graphics Standards, Types of translators,
Importance of formats in 3D Printing, Data exchange formats - IGES, STEP and STL

TEXT BOOKS:
1. CAD/CAM Theory and Practice, Ibrahim Zeid, Tata McGraw Hill
2. Mastering CAD/CAM, Ibrahim Zeid, Tata McGraw Hill
3. CAD/CAM-Computer Aided Design and Manufacturing, Mikell P. Groover, E. W.
Zimmers, Pearson Education/Prentice Hall

90
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1ME02) INTRODUCTION TO 3D PRINTING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Elements of CAD

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the need of 3D Printing
• To understand about the process chain involved in 3D Printing
• To know about the two-dimensional layer by layer techniques, solid based
systems & 3D Printing data exchange formats
• To know the post processing methods involved in 3D Printing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Summarize the importance of 3D Printing
CO-2: Explain the process chain involved in 3D Printing
CO-3: Explain about two-dimensional layer-by-layer techniques, solid based systems
and 3D printing data exchange formats
CO-4: Apply the knowledge gained in the post-processing methods

UNIT – I:
Introduction to 3D Printing: Introduction to 3D Printing, 3D Printing evolution,
Classification of 3D Printing, Distinction between 3D Printing & CNC Machining,
Advantages of 3D Printing

UNIT – II:
Generalized 3D Printing Process Chain: Process chain, Materials for 3D Printing,
Design for 3D Printing and Overview of Medical Modeling & Reverse Engineering.

UNIT – III:
Two-Dimensional Layer-By-Layer Techniques: Stereolithography (SL), Selective Laser
Sintering (SLS), Selective Powder Building (SPB), Advantages and Applications.

UNIT – IV:
Solid Based Systems: Introduction, basic principles, Fused Deposition Modeling, Multi-
Jet Modeling, Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM), Advantages and
Applications.

UNIT – V:
3D Printing Data Exchange Formats: STL Format, STL File Problems, Brief Overview of
other translations like IGES File, HP/GL File and CT data only.

UNIT – VI:
Post-Processing: Introduction, Support Material Removal, Surface Texture
Improvements, Accuracy Improvements, Aesthetic Improvements.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital
Manufacturing, Ian Gibson, David W Rosen, Brent Stucker, Springer, 2010

91
2. Rapid Prototyping: Principles & Applications, Chuaa Chee Kai, Leong Kah Fai,
World Scientific, 2010

REFERENCES:
1. Rapid Prototyping: Theory and Practice, Ali K. Karmani, Emand Abouel Nasr,
Springer, 2006
2. Understanding Additive Manufacture: Rapid Prototyping, Rapid Tooling and
Rapid Manufacture, Andreas Gebhardt, Hanser Publishers, 2013
3. Rapid Manufacturing: Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping,
Hopkinson, N. Haque, and Dickens, Taylor and Francis, 2007

92
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1ME03) 3D PRINTING-MACHINES, TOOLING AND SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Elements of CAD, Introduction to 3D Printing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the need of prototyping
• To understand about the liquid and solid based 3D printing systems
• To know about the liquid-based 3D printing systems & rapid tooling
• To know the applications of 3D Printing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Summarize the importance of 3D Printing
CO-2: Explain the process involved in liquid and solid based 3D printing systems
CO-3: Explain about the liquid-based 3D printing systems and rapid tooling
CO-4: Adapt the knowledge gained in applications of 3D Printing

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Prototype Fundamentals, Types of Prototypes, Roles of Prototypes,
Phases of Development Leading to Rapid Prototyping, Fundamentals of Rapid
Prototyping.

UNIT – II:
Liquid Based 3D Printing Systems: Introduction, Principles, Processes and
Applications of Solid Ground Curing, Material Jetting & Binder Jetting

UNIT – III:
Solid Based 3D Printing Systems: Introduction, Principles, Processes and Applications
of Fused Deposition Modelling (FDM), Paper Lamination Technology (PLT) and
Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)

UNIT – IV:
Laser Based 3D Printing Systems: Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)-Principle, Process and
Applications, Three-Dimensional Printing- Principle, Process and Applications, Laser
Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)- Principle, Process and Applications

UNIT – V:
Rapid Tooling: Introduction and need for Rapid Tooling, Overview of Indirect and
Direct Processes, Applications

UNIT – VI:
3D Printing Applications: Brief overview of Applications in Design, Engineering,
Aerospace Industry, Automotive Industry and Biomedical Industry

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital
Manufacturing, Ian Gibson, David W Rosen, Brent Stucker, Springer, 2010

93
2. Rapid Prototyping: Principles & Applications, Chuaa Chee Kai, Leong Kah Fai,
World Scientific, 2010

REFERENCES:
1. Rapid Prototyping: Theory and Practice, Ali K. Karmani, Emand Abouel Nasr,
Springer, 2006
2. Understanding Additive Manufacture: Rapid Prototyping, Rapid Tooling and
Rapid Manufacture, Andreas Gebhardt, Hanser Publishers, 2013
3. Rapid Manufacturing: Advanced Research in Virtual and Rapid Prototyping,
Hopkinson, N. Haque, and Dickens, Taylor and Francis, 2007

94
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1ME04) REVERSE ENGINEERING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Elements of CAD, Introduction to 3D Printing, 3D Printing

Machines, Tooling & Systems

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand Reverse Engineering (RE) and its methodologies
• To comprehend Data Acquisition Techniques for Reverse Engineering
• To understand Integration Between Reverse Engineering and Additive
manufacturing
• To know the applications of reverse engineering

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Basic understanding of Reverse Engineering and its methodologies
CO-2: Understanding the data acquisition techniques for reverse engineering
CO-3: Understanding of amalgamation Between Reverse Engineering and Additive
manufacturing
CO-4: Adapt the knowledge gained in reverse engineering for various applications

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Reverse Engineering: Need, Definition, The Generic Process, History of
Reverse Engineering, Overview of Applications

UNIT – II:
Methodologies and Techniques: Potential for Automation with 3-D Laser Scanners,
Computer-aided (Forward) Engineering, Computer-aided Reverse Engineering,
Computer Vision and Reverse Engineering

UNIT – III:
Data Acquisition Techniques: Contact Methods: Coordinate Measurement Machine
and Robotic Arms

UNIT – IV:
Data Acquisition Techniques: Noncontact Methods: Triangulation, Structured Light
and Destructive Method

UNIT – V:
Integration Between Reverse Engineering and Additive manufacturing: Modeling
Cloud Data, Integration of RE and AM for Layer-based Model Generation, Adaptive
Slicing Approach for Cloud Data Modeling.

UNIT – VI:
Applications:
Automotive: Workflow for Automotive Body Design, Reverse Engineering for Better
Quality
Aerospace: RE in Aerospace–A Work in Progress, Reducing Costs of Hard Tooling
Medical: Orthodontics, Hearing Instruments, Knee Replacement

95
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Reverse Engineering: An Industrial Perspective, V. Raja and K. Fernandes,
Springer- Verlag
2. Reverse Engineering, K. A. Ingle, McGraw-Hill
3. Reverse Engineering, L. Wills and P. Newcomb, 1st Edition, Springer-Verlag

REFERENCES
1. Smart Product Engineering, Michael Abramovici, Rainer stark, Springer Berlin
Heidelberg
2. Product Design: Techniques in Reverse Engineering and New Product
Development, K. Otto and K. Wood, Prentice Hall, 2001

96
INTERNET OF THINGS

97
 INTERNET OF THINGS

Internet of Things: The IoT creates opportunities for more direct integration of the
physical world into computer-based systems, resulting in efficiency improvements,
economic benefits, and reduced human exertions. IoT is changing how we live,
work, travel, and do business. It is even the basis of a new industrial transformation,
known as Industry 4.0, and key in the digital transformation of organizations, cities,
and society overall. The IoT track helps students to learn about how to
• Learn different protocols and connectivity technologies used in IOT.
• Expose the various sensors and transducers for measuring mechanical quantities.
• Develop simple applications using 8051 microcontrollers.
• Understand the key routing protocols for sensor networks and their design issues.
Some of the more common career paths in the Internet of Things path are
• IoT Developer. ...
• IoT Architect…
• IoT Embedded Systems Designer…
• IoT Solutions Engineer…
• Professional in Sensors and Actuators…
• Embedded Programs Engineer…
• Safety Engineer…

98
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC01) SENSORS TRANSDUCERS AND ACTUATORS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Engineering Physics, Electronic Measuring Instruments

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To expose the students to various sensors and transducers for measuring
mechanical quantities
• To make the students familiar with the specifications of sensors and transducers
• To make the students identify for various sensors and transducers for various
applications
• To expose the students to various actuators

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Classify and characterize various sensors and transducers
CO-2: Be familiar with the principle and working of various sensors and transducers
CO-3: Be familiar with the principle and working of various actuators
CO-4: Select proper Transducer / Sensor for a specific measurement application
CO-5: Select proper Actuator for a specific measurement application

UNIT – I:
Primary Sensing Elements and Transducers: Mechanical devices as primary
detectors, mechanical spring devices, pressure sensitive primary devices, flow rate
sensing elements, Transducers-electrical Transducers, classification of Transducers,
characteristics and choice of Transducers, factors influencing the choice of
Transducers.

UNIT – II:
Electric Transducers: Resistive transducers, Potentiometers, Strain gauges, Types of
Strain gauges, Resistance thermometers, Thermistors, Thermocouples, variable
Inductance Transducers, Linear Variable Differential Transformer, Synchros, Resolvers,
Capacitive Transducers, Piezo electric Transducers.

UNIT – III:
Magnetic and Optical Transducers: Hall Effect Transducers, Magneto resistors,
Magneto-Elastic and Magneto-Strictive Transducers, Opto electronic Transducers,
Digital Encoding Transducers, Photo Optic Transducers.

UNIT – IV:
Smart Sensors and Applications: Introduction, Primary Sensors, Excitation,
Amplification, Filters, Converters, Compensation, Information Coding/Processing,
Data Communication, Standards for Smart Sensor Interface, the Automation. Sensors
Applications: Introduction, On-board Automobile Sensors (Automotive Sensors),
Home Appliance Sensors, Aerospace Sensors, Sensors for Manufacturing, Sensors for
environmental Monitoring.

99
UNIT – V:
Mechanical and Electrical Actuators: Mechanical Actuation Systems-Types of
motion, Kinematic chains, Cams, Gears, Ratchet and pawl, Belt and chain drives,
Bearings, Mechanical aspects of motor selection, Electrical Actuation Systems,
Electrical systems, Mechanical switches, Solid-state switches, Solenoids, D.C. Motors,
A.C. Motors, Stepper motors.

UNIT – VI:
Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuators: Pneumatic and Hydraulic Actuation Systems-
Actuation systems, Pneumatic and hydraulic systems, Directional Control valves,
Pressure control valves, Cylinders, Servo and proportional control valves, Process
control valves, Rotary actuators.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. A Course in Electrical and Electronic Measurements and Instrumentation, A. K.
Sawhney, Puneet Sawhney,19th Edition, 2011
2. Sensors and Transducers, D. Patranabis, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Private Limited,
2013
3. Mechatronics, W. Bolton, 7th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, 2018

REFERENCES:
1. Sensors and Actuators, Patranabis, 2nd Edition, PHI, 2013

100
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC02) INTRODUCTION TO MICROCONTROLLER AND INTERFACING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Sensors Transducers and Actuators

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To differentiate various number systems
• To understanding programming concepts
• To develop simple applications using 8051 microcontrollers

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand basic computing concepts
CO-2: Know architecture of 8051 microcontrollers
CO-3: Program internal resources of 8051 microcontroller
CO-4: Interface peripherals to 8051 microcontroller

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Computing: Numbering and Coding Systems: Binary, Decimal,
Hexadecimal and conversions, Binary and Hexadecimal Arithmetic, Complements,
Alphanumeric codes. Digital Premier, Inside the Computer

UNIT – II:
Embedded System Design: Embedded system - Definition, Characteristics of
embedded computing applications, Design challenges, Requirements,
Specification, Architecture design, Designing hardware and software components,
system integration, Design example: Model train controller.

UNIT – III:
8051 Microcontroller: Microcontrollers and Embedded Processors, Architecture and
Programming Model of 8051, Special Function Register formats, Memory
Organization, Timers and Counters- Operating modes, Serial port, Interrupts

UNIT – IV:
8051 Programming in C: Data types, software delay generation, Logical operations,
Accessing code and data space in 8051, I/O port programming, Timer/counter
programming.

UNIT – V:
8051 Programming: Serial IO modes and their programming in C, interrupts
programming in C: serial, timer and external interrupts.

UNIT – VI:
Introduction to Arduino: Features of Arduino, Arduino components and IDE,
Interfacing: Seven Segment Display, Pulse Width Modulation, Analog Digital
Converter, Wireless connectivity to Arduino. Case study: From BT To WiFi: Creating
WiFi Controlled Arduino Robot Car.

101
TEXT BOOKS:
1. The 8051 Microcontroller: Programming, Architecture, Ayala & Gadre, 3rd Edition,
Cengage Publications, 2008
2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C,
Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, 2nd Edition, 2005

REFERENCES:
1. Digital Design, Morris Mano, PHI, 3rd Edition, 2006
2. Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design, 2nd Edition, TMH

102
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC03) FUNDAMENTALS OF INTERNET OF THINGS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Sensors Transducers and Actuators, Introduction to

Microcontrollers and Interfacing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basics of Internet of Things
• To learn about IOT and M2M
• To understand Cloud of Things
• To learn different applications with IoT

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the concepts of Internet of Things
CO-2: Understand the IOT, M2M
CO-3: Understand the concepts Cloud of Things
CO-4: Apply IOT to different applications in the real world

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Internet of Things: Definition and Characteristics of IoT, Physical Design
of IoT, Logical Design of IoT-IoT Functional Blocks, IoT Communication Models, IoT
Communication API’s

UNIT – II:
IoT-enabling Technologies: Wireless Sensor Networks, Cloud Computing, Big data
analytics, Communication protocols, Embedded Systems, IoT Levels and
Deployment Templates

UNIT – III:
IoT Platforms Design Methodology: Introduction, IoT Design Methodology- Purpose &
Requirements Specification, Process Specification, Domain Model Specification,
Information Model Specification, Service Specification, IoT Level Specifications,
Functional view Specification, Operational View Specification, Device & component
Integration, Application Development

UNIT – IV:
IoT and M2M: Introduction, M2M, Difference between IoT and M2M –
Communication Protocols, Machines in M2M Vs things in IoT, Hardware Vs Software
emphasis, Data collection and analysis, applications, SDN and NFV for IoT

UNIT – V:
Cloud of Things: Grid/SOA and Cloud Computing – Cloud Middleware – Cloud
Standards – Cloud Providers and Systems – Mobile Cloud Computing – The Cloud of
Things Architecture.

UNIT – VI:
Domain Specific Applications of IoT: Applications of IoT– Home, Health, Environment,
Energy, Agriculture, Industry and Smart City.

103
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach, Vijay Madisetti, Arshdeep Bahga,
Universities Press, 2015
2. The Internet of Things – Key Applications and Protocols, Olivier Hersent, David
Boswarthick, Omar Elloumi, Wiley, 2012
3. The Internet of Things in the Cloud: A Middleware Perspective, Honbo Zhou, CRC
Press, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Internet of Things: Converging Technologies for Smart Environments and
Integrated Ecosystems, Dr. Ovidiu Vermesan, Dr. Peter Friess, River Publishers, 2013
2. Building the Internet of Things, Sara Cordoba, Wimer Hazenberg, Menno
Huisman, BIS Publishers, 2011
3. Designing the Internet of Things, Adrian Mcewen, Hakin Cassimally, John Wiley
and Sons, 2015

104
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC08) WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Sensors Transducers and Actuators, Introduction to

Microcontrollers and Interfacing, IoT Protocols and its Applications

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To expose basic concepts of wireless sensor network technology
• To study medium access control protocols and various issues in a physical layer
• To understand the key routing protocols for sensor networks and their design
issues
• To understand sensor management in networks and design requirements

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Appreciate various design issues of wireless sensor networks
CO-2: Understand the hardware details of different types of sensors and select the
application specific sensor
CO-3: Understand radio standards and communication protocols to be used for
wireless sensor networks

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Overview of sensor network architecture and its applications, sensor
network comparison with Ad Hoc Networks, Sensor node architecture with hardware
and software details.

UNIT – II:
Hardware: Examples like mica2, micaZ, telosB, cricket, Imote2, tmote, btnode, and
Sun SPOT, Software (Operating Systems): TinyOS, MANTIS, Contiki, and RetOS.

UNIT – III:
Programming Tools: C, nesC. Performance comparison of wireless sensor networks
simulation and experimental platforms like open source (ns-2) and commercial
(QualNet, Opnet, NetSim)

UNIT – IV:
Overview of Sensor Network Protocols (Details of at least 2 important protocol per
layer): Physical, MAC and routing/ Network layer protocols, node discovery
protocols, multi- hop and cluster-based protocols, Fundamentals of 802.15.4,
Bluetooth, BLE (Bluetooth low energy), UWB.

UNIT – V:
Data Dissemination and Processing: Differences compared with other database
management systems, Query models, In-network data aggregation, data storage;
query processing.

UNIT – VI:
Specialized Features: Energy preservation and efficiency; security challenges; Fault
tolerance, Issues related to Localization, connectivity and topology, Sensor

105
deployment mechanisms; coverage issues; sensor Web; sensor Grid, Open issues for
future research, and Enabling technologies in wireless sensor network.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks Technology, Protocols, and Applications, Kazem
Sohraby, Daniel Minoli, Taieb Znati, John Wiley & Sons, 2007
2. Protocols and Architectures for Wireless Sensor Networks, H. Karl and A. Willig,
John Wiley & Sons, India, 2012
3. Wireless Sensor Networks, C. S. Raghavendra, K. M. Sivalingam, and T. Znati,
Editors, 1st Indian Reprint, Springer Verlag, 2010

REFERENCES:
1. Wireless Sensor Networks: An Information Processing Approach, F. Zhao and L.
Guibas, Morgan Kaufmann, 1st Indian Reprint, 2013
2. Wireless Sensor Network and Applications, Yingshu Li, My T. Thai, Weili Wu,
Springer Series on Signals and Communication Technology, 2008
3. Principles of Mobile Communications, Gordon L. Stuber, 2nd Edition, Springer
International, 2001

106
 AUGMENTED
REALITY (AR) /
VIRTUAL REALITY
(VR)

107
 AUGMENTED REALITY (AR) / VIRTUAL REALITY (VR)

Augmented reality and virtual reality (AR & VR): Augmented reality (AR) and Virtual
Reality (VR) bridge the digital and physical worlds. They allow you to take in
information and content visually, in the same way you take in the world. AR
dramatically expands the ways our devices can help with everyday activities like
searching for information, shopping, and expressing yourself. VR lets you experience
what it's like to go anywhere from the front row of a concert to distant planets in
outer space.
Job Roles in Augmented reality and virtual reality (AR & VR) Track
• Design Architect. ...
• Software Designer. ...
• System Validation Engineers. ...
• Software Developer. ...
• 3D Artist…

108
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC04) INTRODUCTION TO C-SHARP

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the foundations of CLR execution
• To learn the technologies of the .NET framework and object-oriented aspects of
C#
• To be aware of application development in .NET
• To learn web-based applications on .NET (ASP.NET)

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain how C# fits into the .NET platform
CO-2: Analyze the basic structure of a C# application
CO-3: Develop programs using C# on .NET
CO-4: Design and develop Web based applications on .NET

UNIT – I:
Introduction to C#: Introducing C#, Understanding .NET, overview of C#, Literals,
Variables, Data Types, Operators, checked and unchecked operators, Expressions,
Branching, Looping, Methods, implicit and explicit casting, Constant, Arrays, Array
Class, Array List, String, String Builder, Structure, Enumerations, boxing and unboxing.

UNIT – II:
Object Oriented Aspects of C#: Class, Objects, Constructors and its types,
inheritance, properties, indexers, index overloading, polymorphism, sealed class and
methods, interface, abstract class, abstract and interface, operator overloading,
delegates, events, errors and exception, Threading.

UNIT – III:
Application Development on .NET: Building windows application, Creating our own
window forms with events and controls, menu creation, inheriting window forms, SDI
and MDI application, Dialog Box (Modal and Modeless), accessing data with
ADO.NET, DataSet, typed dataset, Data Adapter, updating database using stored
procedures

UNIT – IV:
SQL Server with ADO.NET, handling exceptions, validating controls, windows
application configuration.

UNIT – V:
Web Based Application Development on .NET: Programming web application with
web forms, ASP.NET introduction, working with XML and .NET, Creating Virtual
Directory and Web Application, session management techniques, web.config, web
services, passing datasets, returning datasets from web services, handling
transaction, handling exceptions, returning exceptions from SQL Server.

109
UNIT – VI:
CLR and .NET Framework: Assemblies, Versoning, Attributes, reflection, viewing meta
data, type discovery, reflection on type, marshalling, remoting, security in .NET

TEXT BOOKS:
1. The Complete Reference: C# 4.0, Herbert Schildt, Tata McGraw Hill, 2012
2. Professional C# 2012 with .NET 4.5, Christian Nagel et al. Wiley India, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Pro C# 2010 and the .NET 4 Platform, Andrew Troelsen, 5th Edition, A Press, 2010
2. Programming C# 4.0, Ian Griffiths, Matthew Adams, Jesse Liberty, 6th Edition,
O‟Reilly, 2010

110
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC05) INTRODUCTION TO SIGNAL PROCESSING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Introduction to C Sharp

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand various fundamental characteristics of signals and systems
• To analyze signals in frequency domain
• To know principles of signal transmission through systems
• To understand fundamentals of digital signal

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Classify signals and implement various operations on signals
CO-2: Analyze the characteristics of signals and systems
CO-3: Understand the basics of filter design
CO-4: Appreciate the processes of Multirate systems

UNIT – I:
Representation of Signals: Continuous time and Discrete Time signals, Classification
of Signals – Periodic and aperiodic, even and odd, energy and power signals,
deterministic and random signals, causal and non-causal signals, complex
exponential and sinusoidal signals. Concepts of standard signals. Various operations
on Signals.

UNIT – II:
Representation of Systems: Classification of discrete time Systems, impulse response,
Concept of convolution in time domain and frequency domain, response of a linear
system, System function, Signal bandwidth, system bandwidth. Ideal filter
characteristics.

UNIT – III:
Sampling Theorem: Representation of continuous time signals by its samples -
Sampling theorem – Reconstruction of a Signal from its samples, aliasing
Z –Transform: Basic principles of z-transform, region of convergence, properties of
ROC, Inverse z-transform using Partial fraction.

UNIT – IV:
Introduction to Digital Signal Processing: Applications of Z-Transforms- Solution of
Linear Constant Coefficient Difference equations (LCCD), System function,
Frequency Response of the system.

UNIT – V:
Discrete Fourier Transforms: Circular convolution, Comparison between linear and
circular convolution, Computation of DFT.
IIR Digital Filters: Design of IIR Digital filters (H(s) to be given) - Impulse invariance
transformation techniques, Bilinear transformation method.

111
UNIT – VI:
FIR Digital Filters: Characteristics of linear phase FIR filters and its frequency response,
Comparison of IIR and FIR filters. Design of FIR filters using Fourier Method and
Windowing Technique (only Hanning).
Realization of IIR and FIR Filters: Direct and Cascade forms.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Signals, Systems and Communications, B. P. Lathi, BS Publications, 2009
2. Signals and Systems, Alan V. Oppenheim, Alan S. Willsky and S. Hamid Nawab,
2nd Edition, PHI
3. Digital Signal Processing: Principles, Algorithms and Applications, John G. Proakis,
D. G. Manolakis, 4th Edition, Perason/PHI, 2009

REFERENCES:
1. Signals and Systems, Simon Haykin and Barry Van Veen, 2nd Edition, John Wiley
2. Signals, Systems and Transforms, C. L. Philips, J. M. Parr and Eve A. Riskin, 3rd
Edition, Pearson, 2004
3. Signals and Systems, Schaum’s Outlines, Hwei P. Hsu, Tata McGraw Hill, 2004
4. Digital Signal Processing – A Practical Approach, Emmanuel C. Ifeacher, Barrie
W. Jervis, 2nd Edition, Pearson Education

112
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC06) INTRODUCTION TO IMAGE AND VIDEO PROCESSING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Introduction to C Sharp, Introduction to Signal Processing

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce fundamentals of digital image and video processing
• To demonstrate digital signal processing techniques in spatial and frequency
domains
• To study and compare various image and video compression algorithms
• To study applications of motion estimation in video processing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Acquire, represent the digital image and transforms
CO-2: Apply various pixel position and intensity-based image processing techniques
CO-3: Understand and analyze the performance of block matching algorithms in
MPEG video coding standards

UNIT – I:
Fundamentals of Image Processing and Image Transforms: Basic steps of Image
processing system sampling and quantization of an Image – Basic relationship
between pixels, 2–D Discrete Fourier Transform, Discrete Cosine Transform,
Introduction to Wavelet transforms.

UNIT – II:
Image Enhancement-Spatial Domain Methods: Point Processing, Histogram
Processing, Fundamentals of Spatial Filtering, Smoothing Spatial filters, Sharpening
Spatial filters.

UNIT – III:
Image Enhancement-Frequency Domain Methods: Basics of filtering in frequency
domain, Image Smoothing, Image Sharpening, Selective Filtering.
Image Segmentation: Segmentation Concepts, Point, Line and Edge Detection,
Thresholding, Region Based Segmentation.

UNIT – IV:
Image Compression: Image compression fundamentals – coding Redundancy,
spatial and temporal redundancy.
Compression Models: Lossy and Lossless, Huffmann coding, Arithmetic coding, LZW
coding, run length coding, Bit Plane coding, transform coding.

UNIT – V:
Basic Steps of Video Processing: Analog video, Digital Video, Time varying Image
Formation models: 3D motion models, Geometric Image formation, Photometric
Image formation, sampling of video signals.

113
UNIT – VI:
2-D Motion Estimation: Optical flow, pixel-based motion estimation, Block matching
algorithm, Mesh based motion Estimation, global Motion Estimation, Region based
motion estimation, multi resolution motion estimation. Application of motion
estimation in video coding.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Digital Image Processing, Gonzaleze and Woods, 3rd Edition, Pearson
2. Video Processing and Communication, Yao Wang, Joem Ostarmann and Ya –
Quin Zhang, 1st Edition, PHI

REFERENCES:
1. Digital Video Processing, M. Tekalp, Prentice Hall International
2. Image Acquisition and Processing with LabVIEW, Relf, Christopher G., CRC Press
3. Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging with MATLAB Algorithms, Aner Ozdemi
R., John Wiley & Sons
4. Fundamentals of Digital Image Processing, A Practical Approach with Examples
in Matlab, Chris Solomon, Toby Breckon, John Wiley & Sons

114
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EC07) FUNDAMENTALS OF AUGMENTED REALITY AND VIRTUAL REALITY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Introduction to C Sharp, Introduction to Signal Processing,

Introduction to Image & Video Processing

COURSE OBJECTIVES: Throughout the course, Students will be expected to develop

AR VR applications by being able to do each of the following:
• To a review of current Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR)
technologies
• To the fundamentals of VR/AR modeling and programming
• To provides a detailed analysis of engineering scientific and functional aspects of
VR/AR

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Acquire knowledge in main applications VR / AR technologies
CO-2: Analyze different tools for VR/AR applications
CO-3: Developing VR/AR applications

UNIT – I:
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality:
Augmented Reality: Introduction to Augmented Reality (AR), Fundamentals,
Chronicle order of AR, features
Virtual Reality: Introduction to Virtual Reality (VR), Features of VR and Chronicle order
of VR; Difference between AR and VR.

UNIT – II:
Types of Augmented Reality: Marker based AR, Marker less AR, Projection based AR,
Super Imposition based AR, Applications of AR.

UNIT – III:
Types of Virtual Reality: Non- immersive simulation, Semi-immersive simulations, Fully
immersive simulations; Applications VR.

UNIT – IV:
Making an AR App with Simple CUBE: Introduction to Unity, Installation steps,
Fundamentals while implementing Project, importing a cube, Create an account in
Vuforia, license manager, target manager, downloading database and uploading
target database in unity.

UNIT – V:
AR App with Interaction: Introduction to C#, Scripting interactive objects,
implementation C# Script using unity, uploading target object, deploying
application into ANDROID Device.

115
UNIT – VI:
Creating an Virtual Reality: Creating an Virtual Reality Scene in unity, adding
colliders, Settings of Unity to make the application compatible with Google
cardboard.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Augmented Reality for Developers, Build Practical Augmented Reality
Applications with Unity, ARCore, ARKit, and Vuforia. Linowes, J., Babilinski, K
United Kingdom, Packt Publishing, 2017
2. Building Virtual Reality with Unity and Steam VR, Murray, J. W., United Kingdom,
CRC Press, 2020

REFERENCES:
1. Virtual Reality & Augmented Reality in Industry, Ma, D., Gausemeier, J., Fan, X.,
Grafe, M. (Eds.) Springer, 2011
2. Unity 2020 Virtual Reality Projects: Learn VR Development by Building Immersive
Applications and Games with Unity 2019.4 and Later Versions, Linowes J 3 rd
Edition, United Kingdom, Packt Publishing, 2020

116
 ARTIFICIAL
INTELLIGENCE

117
 ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a cognitive science with highly research activities

in the major areas like Machine Learning, Robotics, Natural Language
Processing and image processing. This track will cover basic foundations of
artificial intelligence it will make the students industry-ready for artificial
intelligence and data science job roles. Artificial intelligence is used in wide
range of industrial applications such as healthcare, transportation,
entertainment, insurance, transport and logistics, and customer service.
Future applications of AI would be utilized in automated transportation,
cyborg technology, solving problems associated with climate change, deep-
sea and space exploration.

118
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1MT01) MATHEMATICS FOR ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the basic concepts of probability and matrices in the field of
Artificial Intelligence
• To identify, explore the complex problem-solving strategies
• To develop problem solving skills related to algorithmic analysis required for AI
• To apply and build mathematical model to solve real-world problems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explore and demonstrate practical approaches related to implementation of
the AI algorithms using probability concepts
CO-2: Formulate and solve the Artificial intelligence related problems by using the
knowledge of matrices and vectors
CO-3: Demonstrate the understanding of mathematical ideas from artificial
intelligence perspective and machine learning
CO-4: Analyze and solve the complexity of a given problem with suitable
optimization techniques

UNIT – I:
Probability: Basic rules and axioms, events, sample space, frequentist approach,
dependent and independent events, conditional probability, Random variables,
continuous and discrete, expectation, variance, distributions - joint and conditional,
Bayes’ theorem, Popular distributions - Bernoulli, Binomial, Poisson, Normal.

UNIT – II:
Descriptive Statistics & Linear Regression: Classification and tabulation of univariate
data, graphical representation, Frequency curves. Descriptive measures - Central
tendency and Dispersion. Simple Linear Regression Models.

UNIT – III:
Vector Space: Vectors, definition, scalars, addition, scalar multiplication, inner
product (dot product), vector projection, cosine similarity, orthogonal vectors,
normal and orthonormal vectors, vector norm, vector space, linear combination,
linear span, linear independence, basis vectors.

UNIT – IV:
Matrices: Matrices definition, rank, System of equations: Direct methods - LU
decomposition method, Tri-diagonal system; Applications of linear systems - Network
flows and Mechanical systems.

UNIT – V:
Eigen Values & Eigen Vectors: Eigen values & eigen vectors, concept, intuition,
significance, how to find principle component analysis, concept, properties,
applications, Singular value decomposition, concept, properties, applications.

119
UNIT – VI:
Multivariate Calculus: Functions, Scalar derivative, partial derivatives, Gradient,
chain rule, properties, method for derivative of vector-valued function with respect
to scalar, vector four combinations - Jacobian, Hessian, Gradient of vector valued
function, Gradient of matrices. Local/global maxima and minima, saddle point,
convex functions, gradient descent algorithms - Learning rate, momentum,
stochastic, Constrained optimization (Lagrange Multiplier method), convex
optimization.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mathematics for Machine Learning, Peter Deisenroth, A. Aldo Faisal, and Cheng
Soon Ong, Cambridge University Press, 2020
2. Linear Algebra and it’s Applications, David C. Lay, 3rd Edition, Pearson
Publications
3. Probability and Statistics for Engineers, Richard A. Johanson, 5th Edition, Prentice-
Hall, 1995

REFERENCES:
1. Math for Machine Learning: Open Doors to Data Science and Artificial
Intelligence, Richard Han, Paperback, 2018
2. Artificial Intelligence Engines: A Tutorial Introduction to the Mathematics of Deep
Learning, James V Stone
3. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 9th Edition, John Wiley &
Sons, 2006

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS01) FUNDAMENTALS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Mathematics for Artificial Intelligence

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand and analyze the importance and basic concepts of artificial
intelligence and the use of agents
• To identify, explore the complex problem-solving strategies and approaches
• To analyze the concepts of basic concepts of neural networks and learning
process
• To explore and analyze the methodology used in machine learning

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply the basic concepts of artificial intelligence and the use of agents into
the real-world scenario
CO-2: Design and formulate complex problem solutions with the use of various
searching techniques
CO-3: Correlate the algorithmic approach of machine learning algorithms for a
given case study
CO-4: Analyse the phenomenon of neural networks and apply basic learning laws

UNIT – I:
Introduction to AI: Foundations of AI – History of AI - Applications of AI, Intelligent
Agents – Agents and Environments – Nature of Environments – Structure of Agents –
Problem solving Agents – Problem formulation – Example Problems.

UNIT – II:
Searching Techniques: Uninformed Search Strategies – Breadth first search – Depth
first search – Depth limited search - Bidirectional search – comparison – Search with
partial information - Heuristic search – Greedy best first search – A* search – Memory
bounded heuristic search - Heuristic functions - Local search- Hill climbing –
Simulated annealing search - Local beam search, Genetic algorithms.

UNIT – III:
Constraint Satisfaction Problems: Backtracking search for CSP’s - local search for
constraint satisfaction problem. Adversarial search – Games - Minimax algorithm,
Alpha beta pruning, cutting-off search.

UNIT – IV:
Knowledge Representation and Reasoning: Propositional Logic, Rules of Inference,
First Order Logic (FOL) Syntax, Semantics, Entailment.

UNIT – V:
Classical Planning: Definition of Classical Planning, Algorithms for Planning with State
Space Search, Planning Graphs, other Classical Planning Approaches, Analysis of
Planning approaches.

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UNIT – VI:
Planning and Acting in the Real World: Time, Schedules, and Resources, Hierarchical
Planning, Planning and Acting in Nondeterministic Domains, Multi agent Planning.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, 3rd
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2010
2. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw Hill Publications
3. Neural Networks A Comprehensive Foundation, Simon Haykin, Pearson
Education, 2nd Edition, 2004

REFERENCES:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, 2nd Edition, TMH
2. Artificial Intelligence-A New Synthesis, Nils J. Nilsson, Elsevier
3. Artificial Neural Networks, Yegnanarayana B., PHI

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS02) MACHINE LEARNING TECHNIQUES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Mathematics for Artificial Intelligence, Fundamentals of

Artificial Intelligence

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand applications in computational learning theory
• To analyse the pattern comparison techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Familiarize the basic concepts, notations, mathematical understanding
required for machine learning applications
CO-2: Understand various kinds of models and algorithms used for machine
learning
CO-3: Apply the suitable machine learning techniques to solve real-world
applications
CO-4: Demonstrate given technique for various data analysis applications

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Machine Learning: Perspectives and issues in machine learning,
Goals and applications of machine learning. Aspects of developing a learning
system: training data, concept representation, function approximation.

UNIT – II:
Supervised Learning: Classification, decision boundaries; nearest neighbor methods,
Decision Tree Learning – Introduction, decision tree representation, appropriate
problems for decision tree learning, Linear classifiers Bayes' Rule and Naive Baye's
classification
Regression: Regression types, gradient descent; features of Over fitting and
complexity; training, validation, test data, Logistic regression and applications.

UNIT -III:
Unsupervised Learning: Clustering, k-means, hierarchical, partition-based clustering,
overlapping clustering, Support vector machines, Support vector regression.

UNIT -IV:
Reinforcement Learning: Introduction to Reinforcement learning, the learning task,
rewards and actions, temporal difference learning, generalizing from examples,
relationship to dynamic programming.

UNIT- V:
Instance-Based Learning: Introduction, k-nearest neighbour algorithm, locally
weighted regression, radial basis functions, case-based reasoning, remarks on lazy
and eager learning.

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UNIT – VI:
Neural Networks: Introduction to neural networks, neural network representation,
appropriate problems for neural network learning, perceptions, multilayer networks
and Convolution neural networks.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw-Hill
2. Neural Networks and Learning Machines, S. Haykin, Pearson, 2008

REFERENCES:
1. Machine Learning: An Algorithmic Perspective, Stephen Marshland, Taylor &
Francis
2. Machine Learning: The Art and Science of Algorithms that make Sense of Data,
Peter Flash, Cambridge, University Press
3. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, Kevin P. Murphy, MIT Press, 2012

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS03) DEEP LEARNING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Mathematics for Artificial Intelligence, Fundamentals of

Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning Techniques

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the foundations of deep learning
• To acquire the knowledge on Deep Learning Concepts

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Identify and select appropriate learning network models required for real
world problems
CO-2: Design an efficient model with various deep learning techniques
CO-3: Implement deep learning algorithms and solve real-world problems
CO-4: Apply optimization strategies necessary for problem solving required for large
scale applications

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Deep Learning: History of Deep Learning, Deep Learning Success
Stories, Biological Neuron, Idea of computational units, McCulloch Pitts Neuron,
Thresholding Logic, Perceptrons, Perceptron Learning Algorithm and Convergence.

UNIT – II:
Feedforward Networks: Multilayer Perceptron, Gradient Descent, Back-propagation,
Kohonen Self-Organizing Feature Maps, Learning Vector Quantization, Counter
Propagation Networks, Adaptive Resonance Theory Networks.

UNIT – III:
Regularization for Deep Learning: Parameter norm Penalties, Norm Penalties as
Constrained Optimization, Regularization and Under-Constrained Problems, Dataset
Augmentation, Noise Robustness, Semi-Supervised learning, Multi-task learning, Early
Stopping, Parameter Typing and Parameter Sharing, Sparse Representations,
Bagging and other Ensemble Methods, Dropout, Adversarial Training, Tangent
Distance, tangent Prop and Manifold, Tangent Classifier.

UNIT – IV:
Optimization for Training Deep Models: Challenges in Neural Network Optimization,
Basic Algorithms, Parameter Initialization Strategies, Algorithms with Adaptive
Learning Rates, Approximate Second-Order Methods, Optimization Strategies and
Meta-Algorithm.

UNIT – V:
Convolutional Neural Networks: LeNet, AlexNet, ZF-Net, VGGNet, GoogLeNet,
ResNet, Markov Networks, Object Detection, RCNN, Fast RCNN, Faster RCNN, YOLO

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UNIT – VI:
Auto-Encoders: Regularization in auto-encoders, De-noising auto-encoders, Sparse
auto-encoders, Contractive auto-encoders, Structured probabilistic models of deep
learning.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Deep Learning: An MIT Press Book, Ian Goodfellow and Yoshua Bengio and
Aaron Courville
2. Neural Networks and Learning Machines, Simon Haykin, 3rd Edition, Pearson
Prentice Hall

REFERENCES:
1. Neural Networks: A Systematic Introduction, Raúl Rojas, 1996
2. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning, Christopher Bishop, 2007

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 BLOCKCHAIN
TECHNOLOGIES

127
 BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES

The blockchain is one of the fastest growing skills in the IT sector today. This
track will help the students to gain knowledge in blockchain technology, it
has taken quite a turn in the industry given its popularity in providing safe and
secured online transactions. Most individuals and organizations have started
adopting blockchain because of the many benefits it offers to the industry
today. It is used in many industry applications such as banking sector, voting,
health care, real estate, the legal industry and government.

128
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS04) FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the fundamental various types of computer networks
• To demonstrate the TCP/IP and OSI models with merits and demerits
• To explore the various layers of OSI model
• To introduce UDP and TCP models
• To have the concept of different routing techniques for data communications

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand and explore the basics of Computer Networks and Various
Protocols and in a position to understand the World Wide Web concepts
CO-2: Position to administrate a network and flow of information
CO-3: Understand easily the concepts of network security, Mobile and ad-hoc
networks

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Networks: Internet, Protocols and Standards, The OSI Model, Layers in
OSI Model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing.
Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Transmission Media, Circuit Switched Networks,
Datagram Networks, and Virtual Circuit Networks.

UNIT – II:
Data Link Layer: Introduction, Checksum, Framing, Flow and Error Control, Noiseless
Channels, Noisy Channels, Random Access Controlled Access, Channelization, IEEE
Standards, Ethernet, Giga-Bit Ethernet, Wireless LANs, SONET-SDH, Frame Relay and
ATM.

UNIT – III:
Network Layer: Logical Addressing, Internetworking, Tunneling, Address Mapping,
ICMP, IGMP, Forwarding, Routing-Flooding, Bellman& Ford, Disjkstra’s routing
protocols, RIP, OSPF, BGP and Multicast Routing Protocols. Connecting Devices-
Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Routers.

UNIT – IV:
Transport Layer: Process to Process Delivery, UDP, TCP and SCTP Protocols,
Congestion, Congestion Control, Quality of Service.

UNIT – V:
Application Layer: Domain Name Space, DNS in Internet, Electronic Mail, File Transfer
Protocol, WWW, HTTP, SNMP, Multi-Media.

UNIT – VI:
Network Security: Security services, mechanisms and attacks, IPSec, SSL, VPN,
Firewall. Bluetooth, Zigbee, IPv4, IPv6.

129
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 4th Edition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2006
2. Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Pearson Education
3. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F.
Kurose, K. W. Ross, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education

REFERENCES:
1. Data Communications and Networks, William Stallings
2. Data Communication and Networks, Bhusan Trivedi, Oxford University Press, 2016
3. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks, S. Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education
4. Understanding Communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W. A. Shay, Cengage
Learning

130
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS08) RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basic concepts and the applications of database systems
• To master the basics of SQL and construct queries using SQL
• To understand the relational database design principles
• To become familiar with the basic issues of transaction processing and
concurrency control
• To become familiar with database storage structures and access techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Demonstrate the basic elements of a relational database management
system
CO-2: Identify the data models for relevant problems
CO-3: Design entity relationship model and convert entity relationship diagrams into
RDBMS and formulate SQL queries on the data
CO-4: Apply normalization for the development of application software

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Database System Applications, Purpose of Database Systems, View of
Data, Database Languages – DDL, DML, Relational Databases, Database Design,
Data Storage and Querying, Transaction Management, Database Architecture,
Data Mining and Information Retrieval, Specialty Databases, Database Users and
Administrators, History of Database Systems.
Introduction to Database Design: Database Design and ER diagrams, Entities,
Attributes and Entity sets, Relationships and Relationship sets, Additional features of
ER Model, Conceptual Design with the ER Model, Conceptual Design for Large
enterprises.
Relational Model: Introduction to the Relational Model, Integrity Constraints over
Relations, Enforcing Integrity constraints, Querying relational data.
Logical Database Design: ER to Relational, Introduction to Views, Destroying /Altering
Tables and Views.

UNIT – II:
Relational Algebra and Calculus: Preliminaries, Relational Algebra, Relational
calculus – Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus, Expressive Power of
Algebra and calculus.
SQL: Queries, Constraints, Triggers: Form of Basic SQL Query, UNION, INTERSECT, and
EXCEPT, Nested Queries, Aggregate Operators, NULL values Complex Integrity
Constraints in SQL, Triggers and Active Data bases, Designing Active Databases.

UNIT – III:
Schema Refinement and Normal Forms: Introduction to Schema Refinement,
Functional Dependencies - Reasoning about FDs, Normal Forms, Properties of

131
Decompositions, Normalization, Schema Refinement in Database Design, Other
Kinds of Dependencies.

UNIT – IV:
Transaction Management: Transactions, Transaction Concept, A Simple Transaction
Model, Storage Structure, Transaction Atomicity and Durability, Transaction Isolation,
Serializability, Transaction Isolation and Atomicity Transaction Isolation Levels,
Implementation of Isolation Levels.

UNIT – V:
Concurrency Control: Lock–Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Timestamp-Based
Protocols, Validation-Based Protocols, Multiversion Schemes.
Recovery System: Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery
Algorithm, Buffer Management, Failure with loss of nonvolatile storage, Early Lock
Release and Logical Undo Operations, Remote Backup systems.

UNIT – VI:
Storage and Indexing: Overview of Storage and Indexing: Data on External Storage,
File Organization and Indexing, Index Data Structures, Comparison of File
Organizations.
Tree-Structured Indexing: Intuition for tree Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access
Method (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure, Search, Insert, Delete.
Hash-Based Indexing: Static Hashing, Extendible hashing, Linear Hashing, Extendible
vs. Linear Hashing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Database Management Systems, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, 3rd
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
2. Database System Concepts, A. Silberschatz, Henry. F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, 6th
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited,
3. Database Systems, R. Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education

REFERENCES:
1. Database System Concepts, Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel, Cengage Learning
2. Introduction to Database Management, M. L. Gillenson and others, Wiley Student
Edition
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS05) DISTRIBUTED DATA BASES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introducing distributed databases and exploring several algorithms for
processing queries and be able to use them
• To describe the methods to translate complex conceptual data models into
logical and Physical database designs
• To demonstrating query optimization and its algorithms
• To enumerating the concepts behind distributed transaction processing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Analyze issues related to distributed database design
CO-2: Apply Partitioning techniques to databases
CO-3: Design and develop query processing strategies
CO-4: Describe transaction processing and concurrency control in distributed
databases

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Features of Distributed versus Centralized Databases,
Levels of Distribution Transparency: Reference Architecture for Distributed
Databases, Types of Data Fragmentation, Distribution transparency for Read – only
Applications, Distribution transparency for update Applications, Distributed
database Access primitives, Integrity Constraints in Distributed Databases.

UNIT – II:
Distributed Database Design: A framework, the design of database fragmentation,
the allocation of fragments.
Translation of Global Queries to Fragment Queries: Equivalence Transformations for
Queries, Transforming Global Queries into Fragment Queries, Distributed Grouping
and Aggregate Function Evaluation, Parametric Queries.

UNIT – III:
Optimization of Access Strategies: A Framework for Query Optimization, Join Queries,
General Queries.

UNIT – IV:
The Management of Distributed Transactions: A Framework for Transaction
Management, Supporting Atomicity of Distributed Transactions, Concurrency
Control for Distributed Transactions, Architectural aspects of Distributed Transactions.

UNIT – V:
Concurrency Control: Foundation of Distributed Concurrency Control, Distributed
Deadlocks, Concurrency Control based on Timestamps, Optimistic Methods for
Distributed Concurrency Control.

133
UNIT – VI:
Reliability: Basic Concepts, Nonblocking Commitment Protocols, Reliability and
concurrency Control, Determining a Consistent View of the Network, Detection and
Resolution of Inconsistency, Checkpoints and Cold Restart.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Principles of Distributed Database Systems, M. Tamer OZSU and Patuck Valduriez,
Pearson Education Asia, 2001
2. Distributed Databases, Stefano Ceri and Willipse Pelagatti, McGraw Hill

REFERENCES:
1. Database System Concepts, Henry F. Korth, A. Silberchatz and Sudershan, MGH
2. Database Management Systems, Raghuramakrishnan and Johhanes Gehrke,
MGH

134
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS06) CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks, Distributed Data

Bases

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To outline security concepts, threats, attacks, services and mechanisms
• To describe various cryptosystems-symmetric key cryptography, public key
cryptography
• To apply authentication services and Secure hash functions
• To discuss the concepts of IP Security, web security, viruses and firewalls

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Analyze the security attacks, services, goals and mechanism of security
CO-2: Develop a security model using conventional approach to prevent the
attacks
CO-3: Apply public key cryptography principles, examine authenticity and integrity
of the messages in the communication
CO-4: Build a model for IP security, firewall and test the security issues

UNIT – I:
Security Attacks: Security Attacks (Interruption, Interception, Modification and
Fabrication), Security Services (Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity, Non-
repudiation, access Control and Availability) and Mechanisms, A model for
Internetwork security, Internet Standards and RFCs, Buffer overflow & format string
vulnerabilities, TCP session hijacking, ARP attacks, route table modification, UDP
hijacking, and man-in-the-middle attacks.

UNIT – II:
Conventional Encryption: Classical Encryption techniques, Fiestel Cipher Structure,
Data Encryption Standard, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of Operation,
Triple DES, RC-4, Evaluation criteria for AES, AES Cipher, Placement of Encryption
Function, Traffic Confidentiality.

UNIT – III:
Public Key Cryptography and Authentication: Confidentiality using Symmetric
Encryption – Principles of Public key Cryptosystems, RSA algorithm, Key
Management, Diffie-Hellman key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Authentication requirements, Authentication functions, Message Authentication
Codes

UNIT – IV:
Hash Functions: Hash Functions, Security of Hash Functions and MACs, MD5 message
Digest algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm, HMAC, Digital Signatures, Authentication
Protocols, Digital Signature Standard, Authentication Applications: Kerberos, X.509
Authentication Service

135
UNIT – V:
Network Security: Email Security and Web Security
Electronic Mail Security – PGP/ SMIME, IP security- Architecture, Authentication
Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Key Management, Web Security- Secure
Socket Layer, Transport Layer Security and Secure Electronic Transaction

UNIT – VI:
System Level Security: Intrusion detection – password management – Viruses and
related Threats – Virus Counter measures – Firewall Design Principles – Trusted
Systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cryptography and Network Security – Principles and Practices, William Stallings,
Prentice Hall of India, 4th Edition, 2005
2. Hack Proofing Your Network, Ryan Russell, Dan Kaminsky, Rain Forest, Puppy, Joe
Grand, David Ahmad, Hal Flynn Ido Dubrawsky, Steve W. Manzuik and Ryan
Permeh, Wiley Dreamtech

REFERENCES:
1. Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, William Stallings Prentice
Hall,1999, ISBN 0130160938
2. Security in Computing, Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2003

136
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS07) BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks, Distributed Data

Bases, Cryptography and Network Security

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To get the terminologies and overview of blockchain technologies
• To study the concepts and foundation of blockchain technology
• To understand security mechanism and consensus in blockchain
• To design use cases and architecture blockchain technology

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Gain a clear understanding of the concepts that underlie digital distributed
ledger
CO-2: Understand key mechanisms like Decentralization, Transparency and trust,
Immutability, High availability, Highly secure and different types of Blockchain
CO-3: Apply the concept of Hash Function and Related Hash Algorithm
CO-4: Design and implement applications using Blockchain Technology

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Blockchain Part I: Introduction to Centralized, Decentralized and
Distributed system, History of Blockchain, Various technical definitions of Blockchain.
Introduction to Blockchain Technology Part II: Generic elements of a blockchain:
Block, Transaction, Peer-to-peer network, Node, Smart contract, Why It’s Called
“Blockchain”, Characteristics of Blockchain Technology, Advantages of blockchain
technology.

UNIT – II:
Concept of Blockchain Technology Part I: Cryptography, Hashing, Nonce,
Distributed database, Consensus, Smart Contract, Component of block, Structure of
Block chain, Technical Characteristics of the Blockchain.
Concept of Blockchain Technology Part II: Applications of blockchain technology,
Tiers of blockchain technology Blockchain 0, Blockchain 1, Blockchain 2, Blockchain
3, Generation of Blockchain X.

UNIT – III:
Technical Foundations Part I: Cryptography, Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication,
Cryptographic primitives, Public and private keys, RSA, Discrete logarithm problem,
Hash Function: Message Digest (MD), Secure Hash Algorithms (SHAs), Design of
Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA), SHA-256, Design of SHA3, Elliptic Curve Digital
signature algorithm.
Technical Foundations Part II: Consensus algorithm: Proof of work (PoW), Proof-of-
Stake (PoS), Byzantine Fault Tolerance (BFT)

UNIT – IV:
Types of Blockchain: Public blockchains, Private blockchains, Semi-private
blockchains, Side chains, Permissioned ledger, Distributed ledger, Shared ledger,

137
Fully private and proprietary blockchains, Tokenized blockchains, Tokenless
blockchains, CAP theorem and blockchain

UNIT – V:
Financial markets and trading, Trading, Exchanges, Trade life cycle, Order
anticipators, Market manipulation.
Crypto-Currency: Bitcoin, Bitcoin definition, Keys and addresses, Public keys in
Bitcoin, Private keys in Bitcoin, Bitcoin currency units

UNIT – VI:
Implementation Platforms: Hyperledger as a protocol, Reference architecture,
Hyperledger Fabric, Transaction Flow, Hyperledger Fabric Details, Fabric
Membership, Fabric Membership

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mastering Blockchain, Imaran Bashir, 2nd Edition, Packt
2. Blockchain Basic, Daniel Drescher, A Press

REFERENCES:
1. Blockchain For Dummies®, IBM Limited Edition, John Wiley & Sons Inc.

138
ROBOTICS

139
 ROBOTICS

Robotics is a field of study that involves the design, construction and operation of
robots. This field overlaps with electronics, computer science, mechatronics and
artificial intelligence. Robotic companies are booming all over the world and are
seeking engineers with skills for implementing Next -Level Automation. This Open
Elective Track for Robotics consists of four courses and is intended for making
students industry ready in the field of robotics.
The First course in this track” Fundamentals of Robotics” introduces various physical
aspects of building a robot, exploring topics like how a robot perceives its
environment using Sensors and how it interacts with its environment through various
Actuators & Grippers. This course also inspects a variety of robot applications in
different domains. Second Course in this track” Kinematics & Dynamics of robots”
delves a level deeper discussing analysis and control of robots. It establishes strong
mathematical foundation for describing and controlling robot movement. In this
course students will learn in detail about Forward Kinematics, Inverse Kinematics,
Workspace Analysis and Trajectory planning for robots.
Third Course in the Robotics track “Drives and Control System for Robots” explores in
detail various Drive Mechanisms used in robotics such as Hydraulic, Pneumatic &
Electric drives. After completing this course students will be able to analyze
operational aspects of a drive system for a given robotic application. Fourth Course
in the track “Robot Programming and Intelligent Control System” expands on Robot
Programming, discussing various aspects of Robot Programming Languages and
their functions. This course also dives deep into advanced topics like Artificial
Intelligence, Neural Networks and Fuzzy control for robots.

140
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EI01) FUNDAMENTALS OF ROBOTICS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basic components of a Robot
• To learn different types of Robot sensors and actuators used in Robotics
• To identify different types of Robot grippers and their applications
• To acquire basic Knowledge on Robot kinematics
• To expose to various application fields of Robotics

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Gain knowledge about basic concepts of robots
CO-2: Appreciate the usage of different sensors and actuators in Robotics
CO-3: Select appropriate Gripping mechanism for a particular application
CO-4: Analyze the direct and the inverse kinematic problems
CO-5: Appreciate robot design deference’s for various applications

UNIT – I:
Basic Concepts: An overview of Robotics, classification of Robots, Robot
Components, Robot degrees of freedom, Robot Joints, Robot Coordinates, Robot
reference frames, Programming modes, Robot Characteristics.

UNIT – II:
Sensors: Sensor characteristics, Position sensors, Velocity sensors, Acceleration
sensors, Force and Pressure sensors, Torque sensors, Microswitches, Light and infrared
sensors, Touch and tactile sensors, Proximity sensors, Range finders.

UNIT – III:
Actuators: Characteristics of actuating system, Comparison of actuating systems,
Hydraulic actuators, Pneumatic devices, Electric motors, Magneto-strictive
actuators, Shape-Memory Metals, Electro-active Polymer Actuators.

UNIT – IV:
Grippers: Classification of Grippers, Drive system for Grippers, Mechanical Grippers,
Magnetic Grippers, Vacuum Grippers, Adhesive Grippers, Hooks and Scoops,
Gripper Force analysis and design, Active and Passive Grippers.

UNIT – V:
Kinematics: Robots as Mechanisms, Matrix Representation, Homogeneous
Transformation Matrices, Representation of Transformations, Inverse of Transformation
Matrices, Forward and Inverse Kinematics with Equations.

UNIT – VI:
Applications: Industrial applications, material handling, processing, assembly
application, inspection application, application planning, justification of robots, non-
industrial applications, Robot safety.

141
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Robotics: Analysis, Control, Applications, Saeed B. Niku, Wiley, 2 nd
Edition
2. Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation, Deb S. R., John Wiley
3. Robotics and Control, R. K. Mittal, I. J. Nagrath, McGraw Hill Education

REFERENCES:
1. Industrial Robotics, Technology programming and Applications, Mikell P. Groover,
Nicholas G. Odrey, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N. Nagel, Ashish Dutta, McGraw Hill,
2012
2. Robotics-Control, Sensing, Vision and Intelligence, K. S. Fu, R. C. Gonzalez, C. S. G
Lee, McGraw-Hill International Edition
3. Robotic Engineering–An Integrated Approach, Klafter R. D., Chimielewski T. A.,
Negin M., Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EI02) KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF ROBOTS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Robotics

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basics of robot coordinate frames and their representation
• To obtain knowledge about direct kinematics and inverse kinematics for a robot
manipulator
• To examine techniques for planning robot motion in a workspace
• To understand various methods for developing dynamic models for manipulator
• To learn control techniques applied to robot manipulators

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Mathematically represent a Robot system
CO-2: Calculate robot hand position and orientation for specific joint angles
CO-3: Calculate joint angles to achieve a particular hand position
CO-4: Plan trajectories for robot tool to do meaningful tasks
CO-5: Analyze different controlling techniques used for robot manipulators

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Introduction, position and orientation of objects, objects coordinate
frame Rotation matrix, Euler angles Roll, pitch and yaw angles coordinate
Transformations, Joint variables and position of end effector, Dot and cross products.

UNIT – II:
Direct Kinematics: Coordinate frames, Rotations, Homogeneous coordinates, Link
coordinates D-H Representation, The ARM equation. Direct kinematic analysis for
Four axis SCARA Robot and three, five and six axis Articulated Robots.

UNIT – III:
Inverse Kinematics: The inverse kinematics problem, General properties of solutions.
Tool configuration, Inverse kinematics of four axis SCARA robot and three and five
axis Articulated robot.

UNIT – IV:
Workspace Analysis and Trajectory Planning: Workspace Analysis, work envelope of
a Four axis SCARA robot and five axis articulated robot workspace fixtures, the pick
and place operations, Joint space technique - continuous path motion,
Interpolated motion, straight line motion and Cartesian space technique in
trajectory planning.

UNIT – V:
Manipulator Dynamics: Introduction, Lagrange's equation kinetic and potential
energy. Link inertia Tensor, link Jacobian Manipulator inertia tensor. Gravity,
Generalized forces, Lagrange-Euler Dynamic model, Dynamic model of a Two-axis
planar robot, Newton Euler formulation, Lagrange - Euler formulation, problems.

143
UNIT – VI:
Robot Control: The Control Problem, State Equations: one axis robot; three axis
SCARA robot, Constant solutions, Linear Feedback Systems, Single Axis PID Control,
PD- Gravity Control.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Robotics: Analysis & Control, Robert J. Schilling, Prentice Hall of
India
2. Robotics and Control, R. K. Mittal, I. J. Nagrath, McGraw Hill Education

REFERENCES:
1. Robotic Engineering–An Integrated Approach, Klafter. R. D., Chimielewski. T. A.,
Negin M, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi, 2009
2. Industrial Robotics, Technology Programming and Applications, Mikell P. Groover
& Nicholas G. Odrey, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N. Nagel, Ashish Dutta, Tata McGraw-
Hill Education, 2012
3. Robotics-Control, Sensing, Vision and Intelligence, K. S. Fu, R. C. Gonzalez, C. S. G.
Lee, McGraw-Hill International Edition

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EI03) DRIVES AND CONTROL SYSTEM FOR ROBOTICS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Robotics, Kinematics and Dynamics of

Robotics

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To get acquainted with different robot drive mechanisms
• To understand in detail, working of hydraulic and pneumatic drives used in
robotics
• To learn working principles of various electric drive systems for robotics
• To acquire basic Knowledge on servo systems for robot control

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Categorize various drive systems for robot movement
CO-2: Select appropriate drive system for a particular application
CO-3: Inspect different electric drives and their applications in robotics
CO-4: Analyze accurate positioning of robot end effector by servo control

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Objectives, motivation, open loop control, closed loop control with
velocity and position feedback, Types of drive systems. Functions of drive system.

UNIT – II:
Robot Drive Mechanism: Lead Screws, Ball Screws, Chain & linkage drives, Belt drives,
Gear drives, Precision gear boxes, Harmonic drives, Cyclo speed reducers.

UNIT – III:
Hydraulic Drives: Introduction, Requirements, Hydraulic piston and transfer valve,
hydraulic circuit incorporating control amplifier, hydraulic fluid considerations,
hydraulic actuators Rotary and linear actuators. Hydraulic components in robots.

UNIT – IV:
Pneumatic Drives: Introduction, Advantages, pistons-Linear Pistons, Rotary pistons,
Motors-Flapper motor, Geared motor, Components used in pneumatic control.
Pneumatic proportional controller, pneumatically controlled prismatic joint.

UNIT – V:
Electric Drives: Introduction, Types, DC electric motor, AC electric motor, stepper
motors, half step mode operation, micro step mode. Types of stepper motors, Direct
drive actuator.

UNIT – VI:
Servo Mechanism for Robot: Mathematical modeling of robot servos, error responses
and steady state errors in robot servos, feedback and feed forward compensations,
hydraulic position servo, computer-controlled servo system for robot applications,
selection of robot drive systems.

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TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Foundation of Robotics, Francis N-Nagy Andras Siegler, Prentice Hall
Inc.
2. Robotics Engineering - An Integrated Approach, Richard D. Klafter, Thomas A.,
Chri Elewski, Michael Negin, PHI Learning, 2009

REFERENCES:
1. Industrial Robotics, Technology Programming and Applications, Mikell P. Groover
& Nicholas G. Odrey, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N. Nagel, Ashish Dutta, Tata McGraw-
Hill Education, 2012
2. Industrial Robotics, Bernard Hodges, 2nd Edition, Jaico Publishing House, 1993
3. Fundamentals of Robotics Analysis and Control, Robert J. Schilling, PHI Learning,
2009
4. Foundations of Robotics Analysis and Control, Tsuneo Yohikwa, MIT Press, 2003
5. Introduction to Robotics Mechanics and Control, John J. Craig, 3rd Edition,
Pearson, 2008

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1EI04) ROBOT PROGRAMMING AND INTELLIGENT CONTROL SYSTEM

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Robotics, Kinematics and Dynamics of

Robotics, Drives and Control Systems for Robotics

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the fundamentals of robot programming
• To learn robot textual languages that are in common use
• To expose to artificial intelligence in robotics
• To acquire basic Knowledge on neural networks in robotics
• To acquire basic Knowledge on fuzzy logic in robotics

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Gain knowledge about different methods of robot programming
CO-2: Examine various robot language elements and their functions
CO-3: Analyze different AI techniques employed in robotics
CO-4: Design basic neuro-controller for robot motion control
CO-5: Apply fuzzy logic to robot control systems

UNIT – I:
Robot Programming: Methods of robot programming, leadthrough programming
methods, robot program as a path in space - defining position in space, speed
control, motion interpolation, WAIT, SIGNAL, DELAY commands, Branching.

UNIT – II:
Robot Languages: Textual robot language, generations of robot languages, robot
language structure, operating systems, Robot language Elements and functions,
constraints and variables, aggregates and location variables.

UNIT – III:
Basic Commands and Operations: Motion commands- move and related
statements, speed control, points in workspace, paths and frames. End effector and
sensor commands- end effector operation, sensor operation, REACT statement.
Computations and operation. Program control and subroutines. Communications
and data processing. Monitor mode commands.

UNIT – IV:
AI for Robotics: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence, goals of AI research, AI
techniques- knowledge representation, problem representation, search techniques.
LISP programming. AI and Robotics. LISP in the factory. Robotic Paradigms.

UNIT – V:
Neural Network Approach in Robotics: Introduction, Connectionist Models, Learning
Principles and Learning Rules: Supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement learning.
Sensor based robot learning, Neural Network in Robotics: Control of robot hands by
neural network, neural set approach to robot motion coordination, robotic motor
control using reinforcement learning optimization.

147
UNIT – VI:
Fuzzy Logic Approach in Robotics: Introduction, Fuzzy sets, Operation of Fuzzy sets,
Fuzzy relations, Fuzzy rule formation, Control rules, Fuzzy algorithm in robotics, Robot
obstacle avoidance using fuzzy logic, Fuzzy logic for robot path tracking and
behavior coordination, fuzzy control system in mobile robots, fuzzy controller design
for robot systems, Case study of fuzzy logic in robotics.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Industrial Robotics Technology, Programming and Applications, Mikell. P.
Groover, McGraw Hill, 2012
2. Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation, Deb S. R., Tata McGraw Hill
Publishing Company Limited

REFERENCES:
1. Design and Control of Intelligent Robotic Systems, (Studies in Computational
Intelligence 177) M. Begum, F. Karray (auth.), Dikai Liu, Lingfeng Wang, Kay Chen
Tan (eds.), Springer
2. Neural Networks in Robotics, Edited by George Bekey, Kenneth Y. Goldberg,
Springer US, 2012
3. Neural Networks, Fuzzy Logic, Genetic Algorithm - Synthesis and Applications,
Rajasekharan and Rai, PHI Publications
4. Introduction to Neural Networks using MATLAB 6.0, S. N. Sivanandam, S. Sumathi,
S. N. Deepa, TMH, 2006

148
CYBER SECURITY

149
 CYBER SECURITY

Cybersecurity is important because it incorporates everything that relates to

protecting our sensitive data, personally identifiable information (PII), protected
health information (PHI), personal information, intellectual property, data, and
governmental and industry information systems from stealing and destruction
endeavoured. The cyber security track helps students to learn about how to
• Defend networks and data from unapproved access.
• Enhanced information security and business endurance supervision.
• Upgraded stakeholder confidence in your information security preparations.
• Developed company authorizations with the correct security controls in place.

Some of the more common career paths in the cyber security path are
• Chief Information Security Officer. ...
• Forensic Computer Analyst. ...
• Information Security Analyst. ...
• Penetration Tester. ...
• Security Architect. ...
• IT Security Engineer. ...
• Security Systems Administrator. ...
• IT Security Consultant.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS04) FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the fundamental various types of computer networks
• To demonstrate the TCP/IP and OSI models with merits and demerits
• To explore the various layers of OSI model
• To introduce UDP and TCP models
• To have the concept of different routing techniques for data communications

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand and explore the basics of Computer Networks and Various
Protocols and in a position to understand the World Wide Web concepts
CO-2: Administrate a network and flow of information
CO-3: Understand easily the concepts of network security, Mobile and ad-hoc
networks

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Networks: Internet, Protocols and Standards, The OSI Model, Layers in
OSI Model, TCP/IP Suite, Addressing.
Physical Layer: Multiplexing, Transmission Media, Circuit Switched Networks,
Datagram Networks, and Virtual Circuit Networks.

UNIT – II:
Data Link Layer: Introduction, Checksum, Framing, Flow and Error Control, Noiseless
Channels, Noisy Channels, Random Access Controlled Access, Channelization, IEEE
Standards, Ethernet, Giga-Bit Ethernet, Wireless LANs, SONET-SDH, Frame Relay and
ATM.

UNIT – III:
Network Layer: Logical Addressing, Internetworking, Tunneling, Address Mapping,
ICMP, IGMP, Forwarding, Routing-Flooding, Bellman& Ford, Disjkstra’s routing
protocols, RIP, OSPF, BGP,- and Multicast Routing Protocols. Connecting Devices-
Passive Hubs, Repeaters, Active Hubs, Bridges, Routers.

UNIT – IV:
Transport Layer: Process to Process Delivery, UDP, TCP and SCTP Protocols,
Congestion, Congestion Control, Quality of Service.

UNIT – V:
Application Layer: Domain Name Space, DNS in Internet, Electronic Mail, File Transfer
Protocol, WWW, HTTP, SNMP, Multi-Media.

UNIT – VI:
Network Security: Security services, mechanisms and attacks, IPSec, SSL, VPN,
Firewall, Bluetooth, Zigbee, IPv4, IPv6.

151
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Communications and Networking, Behrouz A. Forouzan, 4th Edition,
McGraw Hill Education, 2006
2. Computer Networks, Andrew S. Tanenbaum, 4th Edition, Pearson Education
3. Computer Networking: A Top-Down Approach Featuring the Internet, James F.
Kurose, K. W. Ross, 3rd Edition, Pearson Education

REFERENCES:
1. Data Communications and Networks, William Stallings
2. Data Communication and Networks, Bhusan Trivedi, Oxford University Press, 2016
3. An Engineering Approach to Computer Networks, S. Keshav, 2nd Edition, Pearson
Education
4. Understanding Communications and Networks, 3rd Edition, W. A. Shay, Cengage
Learning

152
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS08) RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basic concepts and the applications of database systems
• To master the basics of SQL and construct queries using SQL
• To understand the relational database design principles
• To become familiar with the basic issues of transaction processing and
concurrency control
• To become familiar with database storage structures and access techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Demonstrate the basic elements of a relational database management
system
CO-2: Identify the data models for relevant problems
CO-3: Design entity relationship model and convert entity relationship diagrams into
RDBMS and formulate SQL queries on the data
CO-4: Apply normalization for the development of application software

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Database System Applications, Purpose of Database Systems, View of
Data, Database Languages – DDL, DML, Relational Databases, Database Design,
Data Storage and Querying, Transaction Management, Database Architecture,
Data Mining and Information Retrieval, Specialty Databases, Database Users and
Administrators, History of Database Systems.
Introduction to Database Design: Database Design and ER diagrams, Entities,
Attributes and Entity sets, Relationships and Relationship sets, Additional features of
ER Model, Conceptual Design with the ER Model, Conceptual Design for Large
enterprises.
Relational Model: Introduction to the Relational Model, Integrity Constraints over
Relations, Enforcing Integrity constraints, Querying relational data,
Logical Database Design: ER to Relational, Introduction to Views, Destroying /Altering
Tables and Views.

UNIT – II:
Relational Algebra and Calculus: Preliminaries, Relational Algebra, Relational
calculus – Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus, Expressive Power of
Algebra and calculus.
SQL: Queries, Constraints, Triggers: Form of Basic SQL Query, UNION, INTERSECT, and
EXCEPT, Nested Queries, Aggregate Operators, NULL values Complex Integrity
Constraints in SQL, Triggers and Active Data bases, Designing Active Databases.

UNIT – III:
Schema Refinement and Normal Forms: Introduction to Schema Refinement,
Functional Dependencies - Reasoning about FDs, Normal Forms, Properties of

153
Decompositions, Normalization, Schema Refinement in Database Design, Other
Kinds of Dependencies.

UNIT – IV:
Transaction Management: Transactions, Transaction Concept, A Simple Transaction
Model, Storage Structure, Transaction Atomicity and Durability, Transaction Isolation,
Serializability, Transaction Isolation and Atomicity Transaction Isolation Levels,
Implementation of Isolation Levels.

UNIT – V:
Concurrency Control: Lock–Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Timestamp-Based
Protocols, Validation-Based Protocols, Multiversion Schemes.
Recovery System: Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery
Algorithm, Buffer Management, Failure with loss of nonvolatile storage, Early Lock
Release and Logical Undo Operations, Remote Backup systems.

UNIT – VI:
Storage and Indexing: Overview of Storage and Indexing: Data on External Storage,
File Organization and Indexing, Index Data Structures, Comparison of File
Organizations.
Tree-Structured Indexing: Intuition for tree Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access
Method (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure, Search, Insert, Delete.
Hash-Based Indexing: Static Hashing, Extendible hashing, Linear Hashing, Extendible
vs. Linear Hashing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Database Management Systems, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, 3rd
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
2. Database System Concepts, A. Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, 6 th
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
3. Database Systems, R. Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education

REFERENCES:
1. Database System Concepts, Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel, Cengage Learning
2. Introduction to Database Management, M. L. Gillenson and others, Wiley Student
Edition
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education

154
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1CS06) CRYPTOGRAPHY AND NETWORK SECURITY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks, Distributed Data

Bases

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To outline security concepts, threats, attacks, services and mechanisms
• To describe various cryptosystems- symmetric key cryptography, public key
cryptography
• To apply authentication services and Secure hash functions
• To discuss the concepts of IP Security, web security, viruses and firewalls

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Analyze the security attacks, services, goals and mechanism of security
CO-2: Develop a security model using conventional approach to prevent the
attacks
CO-3: Apply public key cryptography principles, examine authenticity and integrity
of the messages in the communication
CO-4: Build a model for IP security, firewall and test the security issues

UNIT – I:
Security Attacks: Security Attacks (Interruption, Interception, Modification and
Fabrication), Security Services (Confidentiality, Authentication, Integrity, Non-
repudiation, access Control and Availability) and Mechanisms, A model for
Internetwork security, Internet Standards and RFCs, Buffer overflow & format string
vulnerabilities, TCP session hijacking, ARP attacks, route table modification, UDP
hijacking, and man-in-the-middle attacks.

UNIT – II:
Conventional Encryption: Classical Encryption techniques, Fiestel Cipher Structure,
Data Encryption Standard, Block Cipher Design Principles and Modes of Operation,
Triple DES, RC-4, Evaluation criteria for AES, AES Cipher, Placement of Encryption
Function, Traffic Confidentiality.

UNIT – III:
Public Key Cryptography and Authentication: Confidentiality using Symmetric
Encryption – Principles of Public key Cryptosystems, RSA algorithm, Key
Management, Diffie-Hellman key Exchange, Elliptic Curve Cryptography.
Authentication requirements, Authentication functions, Message Authentication
Codes

UNIT – IV:
Hash Functions: Hash Functions, Security of Hash Functions and MACs, MD5 message
Digest algorithm, Secure Hash Algorithm, HMAC, Digital Signatures, Authentication
Protocols, Digital Signature Standard, Authentication Applications: Kerberos, X.509
Authentication Service

155
UNIT – V:
Network Security: Email Security and Web Security
Electronic Mail Security – PGP/ SMIME, IP security- Architecture, Authentication
Header, Encapsulating Security Payload, Key Management, Web Security- Secure
Socket Layer, Transport Layer Security and Secure Electronic Transaction

UNIT – VI:
System Level Security: Intrusion detection – password management – Viruses and
related Threats – Virus Counter measures – Firewall Design Principles – Trusted
Systems.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cryptography and Network Security – Principles and Practices, William Stallings,
4th Edition, Prentice Hall of India, 2005
2. Hack Proofing your Network, Ryan Russell, Dan Kaminsky, Rain Forest, Puppy, Joe
Grand, David Ahmad, Hal Flynn Ido Dubrawsky, Steve W. Manzuik and Ryan
Permeh, Wiley Dreamtech

REFERENCES:
1. Network Security Essentials: Applications and Standards, William Stallings Prentice
Hall,1999, ISBN 0130160938
2. Security in Computing, Charles B. Pfleeger, Shari Lawrence Pfleeger, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2003

156
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1IT01) ESSENTIALS OF CYBER SECURITY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks, Cryptography and

Network Security

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To identify the key components of cyber security in network
• To describe various security levels and categories, operating system security
• To define authentication issues and network security
• To describe memory management and protection measures

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Categorize cyber-crime and an understand social, political, ethical and
psychological dimensions cyber security
CO-2: Demonstrate security levels and models with objects and access control
CO-3: Analyse tools and methods used in cybercrime
CO-4: Understand Organizational Implications and security risks

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Cybercrime: Introduction, Cybercrime, and Information Security, Who
are Cybercriminals, Classifications of Cybercrimes, And Cybercrime: The legal
Perspectives and Indian Perspective, Cybercrime and the Indian ITA 2000, A Global
Perspective on Cybercrimes.

UNIT – II:
Cyber Offenses: How Criminals Plan Them: Introduction, How Criminals plan the
Attacks, Social Engineering, Cyber stalking, Cyber cafe and Cybercrimes, Botnets:
The Fuel for Cybercrime, Attack Vector, Cloud Computing.

UNIT – III:
Cybercrime: Mobile and Wireless Devices: Introduction, Proliferation of Mobile and
Wireless Devices, Trends in Mobility, Credit card Frauds in Mobile and Wireless
Computing Era, Security Challenges Posed by Mobile Devices, Registry Settings for
Mobile Devices, Authentication service Security, Attacks on Mobile/Cell Phones,
Mobile Devices: Security Implications for Organizations, Organizational Measures for
Handling Mobile, Organizational Security Policies an Measures in Mobile Computing
Era, Laptops.

UNIT – IV:
Tools and Methods Used in Cybercrime: Introduction, Proxy Servers and Anonymizers,
Phishing, Password Cracking, Keyloggers and Spywares, Virus and Worms, Trojan
Horse and Backdoors, Steganography, DoS and DDoS attacks, SQL Injection, Buffer
Overflow.

UNIT – V:
Cyber Security: Organizational Implications

157
Introduction, Cost of Cybercrimes and IPR issues, Web threats for Organizations,
Security and Privacy Implications.

UNIT – VI:
Social Media Marketing: Security Risks and Perils for Organizations, Social Computing
and the associated challenges for Organizations.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cyber Security: Understanding Cyber Crimes, Computer Forensics and Legal
Perspectives, Nina Godbole and Sunil Belapure, Wiley India
REFERENCES:
1. Cyber Security Essentials, James Graham, Richard Howard and Ryan Otson, CRC
Press
2. Introduction to Cyber Security, Chwan-Hwa (John) Wu, J. David Irwin, CRC Press
T&F Group

158
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1IT02) COMPUTER FORENSICS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Fundamentals of Computer Networks, Cryptography and

Network Security, Essentials of Cyber Security

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To provide an understanding of computer forensics fundamentals
• To analyze various computer forensics technologies and to provide computer
forensics systems
• To identify methods for data recovery
• To apply the methods for preservation of digital evidence

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Define and discuss the concepts of computer forensics
CO-2: Explain and apply the concepts of computer investigations
CO-3: Select and apply current computer forensics tools
CO-4: Identify and apply current practices for processing crime and incident scenes

UNIT – I:
Computer Forensics Fundamentals: What is Computer Forensics? Use of Computer
Forensics in Law Enforcement, Computer Forensics Assistance to Human
Resources/Employment Proceedings, Computer Forensics Services, Benefits of
Professional Forensics Methodology, Steps taken by Computer Forensics Specialists.

UNIT – II:
Types of Computer Forensics Technology: Types of Military Computer Forensic
Technology, Types of Law Enforcement — Computer Forensic Technology — Types
of Business Computer Forensic Technology Computer Forensics Evidence and
Capture: Data Recovery Defined — Data Back-up and Recovery — The Role of
Back-up in Data Recovery — The Data-Recovery Solution.

UNIT – III:
Evidence Collection and Data Seizure: Why Collect Evidence? Collection Options —
Obstacles — Types of Evidence — The Rules of Evidence — Volatile Evidence —
General Procedure — Collection and Archiving — Methods of Collection — Artifacts
— Collection Steps — Controlling Contamination: The Chain of Custody Duplication
and Preservation of Digital Evidence: Preserving the Digital Crime Scene —
Computer Evidence Processing Steps — Legal Aspects of Collecting and Preserving
Computer Forensic Evidence Computer Image Verification and Authentication:
Special Needs of Evidential Authentication — Practical Consideration —Practical
Implementation.

UNIT – IV:
Computer Forensics Analysis and Validation: Determining what data to collect and
analyze, validating forensic data, addressing data-hiding techniques, performing
remote acquisitions Network Forensics: Network forensics overview, performing live
acquisitions, developing standard procedures for network forensics, using network

159
tools, examining the honeynet project. Processing Crime and Incident Scenes:
Identifying digital evidence, collecting evidence in private-sector incident scenes,
processing law enforcement crime scenes, preparing for a search, securing a
computer incident or crime scene, seizing digital evidence at the scene, storing
digital evidence, obtaining a digital hash, reviewing a case.

UNIT – V:
Current Computer Forensic Tools: Evaluating computer forensic tool needs,
computer forensics software tools, computer forensics hardware tools, validating
and testing forensics software E-Mail Investigations: Exploring the role of e-mail in
investigation, exploring the roles of the client and server in e-mail, investigating e-
mail crimes and violations, understanding e-mail servers, using specialized e-mail
forensic tools.
Cell Phone and Mobile Device Forensics: Understanding mobile device forensics,
understanding acquisition procedures for cell phones and mobile devices.

UNIT – VI:
Working with Windows and DOS Systems: understanding file systems, exploring
Microsoft File Structures, Examining NTFS disks, Understanding whole disk encryption,
windows registry, Microsoft startup tasks, MS-DOS startup tasks, virtual machines.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Computer Forensics, Computer Crime Investigation, John R. Vacca, Firewall
Media, New Delhi
2. Computer Forensics and Investigations, Nelson, Phillips Enfinger, Steuart,
Cengage Learning
3. Real Digital Forensics, Keith J. Jones, Richard Bejtiich, Curtis W. Rose, Addison
Wesley, Pearson Education

REFERENCES:
1. Forensic Compiling, A Practitioners Guide, Tony Sammes and Brian Jenkinson,
Springer International Edition
2. Computer Evidence Collection & Presentation, Christopher L. T. Brown, Firewall
Media
3. Homeland Security, Techniques & Technologies, Jesus Mena, Firewall Media
4. Software Forensics Collecting Evidence from the Scene of a Digital Crime, Robert
M. Slade, TMH 2005
5. Windows Forensics, Chad Steel, Wiley India Edition

160
DATA SCIENCES /
BIG DATA AND
ANALYTICS

161
 DATA SCIENCES / BIG DATA AND ANALYTICS
Data science helps in risk evaluation and observing, possible deceitful comportment,
payments, customer analysis, and experience, among much other exploitation. The
capability to make data-driven choices generates a steadier financial situation
and data scientists make the strength of the industry.
As such, data science track helps students to apply business concepts in banking,
finance, manufacturing, transport, e-commerce, education, etc. that use data
science. As a consequence, there are numerous Data Science Applications
associated to it
Job Roles in Data Science Track
• Data Analyst
• Data Engineers
• Database Administrator
• Machine Learning Engineer
• Data Scientist
• Data Architect
• Statistician
• Business Analyst
• Data and Analytics Manager
Big Data analytics track helps the students to learn the process of gathering,
establishing and examining large sets of data (called Big Data) to determine
patterns and other beneficial information. Analysts occupied with Big
Data characteristically want the acquaintance that comes from investigating
the data.
Big data analytics is the practice of mining useful information by examining
different types of big data sets. Big data analytics is utilized to determine concealed
patterns, market developments and consumer favorites, for the advantage of
organizational decision making.

Job responsibilities in a Big Data Analytics Track are

• To gather and accumulate data from disparate sources, clean it, organize it,
process it, and analyse it to extract valuable insights and information.
• To identify new sources of data and develop methods to improve data mining,
analysis, and reporting.
• To create data definitions for new database files or alterations made to the
already existing ones for analysis purposes.
• To present the findings in reports (in table, chart, or graph format) to help the
management team in the decision-making process.
• To apply statistical analysis methods for consumer data research and analysis
purposes.
• To keep track of the trends and correlational patterns among complex data sets.
• To perform routine analysis tasks to support day-to-day business functioning and
decision making.
• To collaborate with Data Scientists to develop innovative analytical tools.
• To work in close collaboration with both the IT team and the business
management team to accomplish company goals.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1MT02) STATISTICAL METHODS FOR DATA SCIENCE

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To provide insights about the basic roles of various statistical methods in building
computer applications
• To develop a greater understanding of the importance of Data Visualization
techniques
• To develop problem-solving skills
• To make inferences about the population parameters using sample data
• To provide an understanding on the importance and techniques of predicting a
relationship between the two sets of data and determine the goodness of fitted
model

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Analyze an extremely large data set and perform exploratory data analysis to
extract meaningful insights
CO-2: Develop various visualizations of the data in hand and communicate results of
analysis effectively (visually and verbally)
CO-3: Examine a real-world problem and solve the same with the knowledge
gained from various distributions study
CO-4: Use and fit a linear regression model to data and use it for prediction
CO-5: Fit a polynomial regression model to data and use it for prediction

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Statistics: Definition of statistics, basic objectives, applications in
various branches of science with examples, collection of data: internal and external
data, primary and secondary data, population and sample, representative sample.

UNIT – II:
Descriptive Statistics: Classification and tabulation of univariate data, graphical
representation, frequency curves, descriptive measures - central tendency and
dispersion, bivariate data, summarization, marginal and conditional frequency
distribution.

UNIT – III:
Introduction to R: Introduction, Installing R and data types in R, programming using R:
operators, conditional statements, looping, scripts, function creation, creating list, list
operations, recursive list, creating a data frame, operations on data frames.

UNIT – IV:
Data Visualization using R: Import - export of data, measures of central tendency
and measures of dispersion, data visualization – scatter plot, pie chart, histogram,
bar chart, box plot, absolute and relative frequencies, frequency distribution.

163
UNIT – V:
Correlation & Linear Regression:
Correlation: Correlation, types of correlation, coefficient of correlation, rank
correlation coefficient.
Linear Regression: Introduction, regression model, interval estimation, estimation of
parameters of β0 and β1, Estimation of σ2.

UNIT – VI:
Non-Linear Regression: Regression of second-degree polynomial (non-linear least
square method for polynomial function), power function, exponential, estimation of
coefficients, linear and polynomial regressions in R.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introductory Statistics, Thomas H. Wonnacott & Ronald J. Wonnacot, John Wiley
& Sons Inc., 1969
2. Applied Statistics and Probability for Engineers, Douglas C. Montgomery, George
C. Runger, 3rd Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2003
3. R for Beginners, Sandip Rakshit, 1st Edition, McGraw-Hill Education, 2017

REFERENCES:
1. R-The Statistical Programming Language, Dr. Mark Gardner, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd,
2013
2. Introduction to the Theory of Statistics, A. M. Mood, F. A. Graybill and D. C. Boes,
3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Education, 2017
3. Introduction of Probability Models, S. M. Ross, 11th Edition, Academic Press, N.Y.,
2014
4. Statistical Methods, S. P. Gupta, 42nd Revised Edition, Sultan Chand & Sons, 2012

164
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1IT03) COMPUTATIONAL THINKING USING PYTHON

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Statistical Methods for Data Science

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand why Python is a useful scripting language for developers
• To create and execute Python programs and to Learn how to use lists, tuples,
and dictionaries in Python programs
• To learn how to build and package Python modules for reusability
• To learn how to design object-oriented programs with Python classes
• To learn how to use exception handling in Python applications for error handling

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Adapt and combine standard algorithms to solve a given problem (includes
numerical as well as non-numerical algorithms)
CO-2: Adequately use standard programming constructs: repetition, selection,
functions, composition, modules, aggregated data (arrays, lists, etc.)
CO-3: Explain what a given program (in Python) does identify and repair coding
errors in a program
CO-4: Understand and use object-based software concepts (constructing OO
software will be dealt with in the course Software Engineering)
CO-5: Use library software for (e.g.) building a graphical user interface, web
application, or mathematical software

UNIT – I:
Introduction: History, Features, Setting up path, Working with Python, Basic Syntax,
Variable and Data Types, Operator, Conditional Statements-If
If- else Nested if-else Looping for While Nested loops Control Statements Break
Continue Pass String Manipulation Accessing Strings Basic Operations String slices
Function.

UNIT – II:
Methods, Lists: Introduction, Accessing list, Operations, Working with lists, Function
and Methods,
Tuple: Introduction, Accessing tuples, Operations, Working, Functions and Methods
Dictionaries: Introduction, Accessing values in dictionaries, Working with dictionaries,
Properties.

UNIT – III:
Functions: Defining a function, Calling a function, Types of functions, Function
Arguments, Anonymous functions, Global and local variables.
Modules: Creation, Importing module, Math module, Random module, Packages.

UNIT – IV:
Composition: Input-Output-Printing on screen, Reading data from keyboard,
Opening and closing file Reading and writing files, Functions.

165
Exception Handling: Exception, Exception Handling, Except clause, Try? Finally
clause, User Defined Exceptions

UNIT – V:
OOPs Concept: Class and object, Attributes, Inheritance, Overloading, Overriding,
Data hiding, Regular expressions- Match function, Search function, Matching VS
Searching, Modifiers, Patterns.
Multithreading: Thread, Starting a thread, Threading module, Synchronizing threads.
CGI: Introduction, Architecture, CGI environment variable, GET and POST methods,
Cookies, File upload.

UNIT – VI:
Database: Introduction, Connections, Executing queries, Transactions Handling error,
Networking: Socket, Socket Module, Methods, Client and server, Internet modules,
Sending email.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Learning Python, David Ascher and Mark Lutz, O’Relly

REFERENCES:
1. Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science, John M. Zelle, 2nd
Edition, Kindle Edition
2. Python Essential Reference, David M. Beazley, 4th Edition, Developer’s Library

166
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1IT04) FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA MINING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Statistical Methods for Data Science, Computational

Thinking using Python

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce the basic concepts and techniques in building a Data Warehouse
• To apply preprocessing methods for any given raw data
• To develop skills of using recent data mining software for solving practical
problems
• To implement and apply basic algorithms for supervised and unsupervised
learning

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Assess raw input data and process it to provide suitable input for a range of
data mining algorithms.
CO-2: Discover and measure interesting patterns from different kinds of databases
CO-3: Evaluate and select appropriate data-mining algorithms and apply, interpret
and report the output appropriately
CO-4: Design and implement data-mining applications using sample, realistic data
sets and modern tools

UNIT – I:
Data Warehousing & Modeling: Basic Concepts: Data Warehousing: A multitier
Architecture, Data warehouse models: Enterprise warehouse, Data mart and virtual
warehouse, Extraction, Transformation and loading.

UNIT – II:
Data Cube: A multidimensional data model, Stars, Snowflakes and Fact
constellations: Schemas for multidimensional Data models, Dimensions: The role of
concept Hierarchies, Measures: Their Categorization and computation, Typical OLAP
Operations.

UNIT – III:
Data Warehouse Implementation & Data Mining: Data Warehouse Architecture,
What is data mining, Challenges, From Data Warehousing and Data Mining, Data
Mining Tasks, Data Mining Functionalities, Major Issues in Data Mining. Data: Types of
Data, Data Quality, Data Pre-processing, Measures of Similarity and Dissimilarity.

UNIT – IV:
Association Analysis: Association Analysis: Problem Definition, Frequent Item set
Generation, Rule generation. Alternative Methods for Generating Frequent Item sets,
FP-Growth Algorithm, Evaluation of Association Patterns.

UNIT – V:
Classification: Decision Trees Induction, Method for Comparing Classifiers, Rule
Based Classifiers, Nearest Neighbor Classifiers, Bayesian Classifiers.

167
UNIT – VI:
Clustering Analysis: Overview, K-Means, Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering,
DBSCAN, Cluster Evaluation, Density-Based Clustering, Graph- Based Clustering,
Scalable Clustering Algorithms.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Data Mining, Pang-Ning Tan, Michael Steinbach, Vipin Kumar, First
Impression, Pearson, 2014
2. Data Mining-Concepts and Techniques, Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, Jian Pei,
3rd Edition, Morgan Kaufmann, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Data Warehousing in the Real World, Sam Anahory, Dennis Murray, Tenth
Impression, Pearson, 2012
2. Mastering Data Mining, Michael J. Berry, Gordon S. Linoff, 2nd Edtion, Wiley, 2012

168
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1IT05) DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Statistical Methods for Data Science, Computational

Thinking using Python, Fundamentals of Data Mining

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce concept and characteristics of probability distribution
• To introduce underlying design principles, properties and assumptions of linear
and non-linear regression modelling
• To introduce design principles involved in identifying interesting classification and
prediction of data patterns
• To introduce properties of time series data and perform time series analysis

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply probability distribution concepts to identify univariate data patterns
CO-2: Apply regression modelling to build efficient mathematical models for
prediction and classification
CO-3: Apply decision and regression trees for supervised learning
CO-4: Visualize time series data by applying time series techniques

UNIT – I:
Data Definitions and Analysis Techniques: Elements, Variables, and Data
categorization, Introduction to statistical learning, Descriptive Statistics: Measures of
central tendency, Measures of location of dispersions.

UNIT – II:
Basic Analysis Techniques: Basic analysis techniques, Statistical hypothesis
generation and testing, Chi-Square test, t-Test Analysis of variance, Correlation
analysis, Maximum likelihood test.

UNIT – III:
Data Analysis Techniques: Regression analysis and visualization, Classification
techniques and visualization, Clustering and visualization, Association rules analysis
and visualization

UNIT – IV:
Time-series Analysis and Forecasting – Time-series components, Variation in Time
Series, Cyclic Variation, Seasonal Variation, Irregular Variation.

UNIT – V:
Smoothing Techniques: A problem involving all four components of time series,
Introduction to forecasting, forecasting models, Trend and Seasonal effects, Trend
Analysis

UNIT – VI:
Case-studies and Projects: Understanding business scenarios, Feature engineering
and visualization, Sensitivity Analysis.

169
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Data Mining and Analysis, Mohammed J. Zaki, Wagner Meira, Cambridge, 2012
2. Data Mining: Theories, Algorithms, and Examples, Nong Ye, CRC Press Taylor &
Francis Group, 2014
3. Statistics for Management, David S. Rubin, Sanjay Rastogi, Masood Husain
Siddiqui Richard I. Levin, 7th Edition, Pearson Learning

REFERENCES:
1. Probability & Statistics for Engineers & Scientists, Ronald E. Walpole, Raymond H.
Myers, Sharon L. Myers and Keying Ye, 9th Edition, Prentice Hall Inc.
2. The Elements of Statistical Learning, Data Mining, Inference and Prediction, Trevor
Hastie, Robert Tibshirani, Jerome Friedman, 2nd Edition, Springer, 2014
3. An Introduction to Statistical Learning Mining Massive Data Sets, A. Rajaraman
and J. Ullman, Cambridge University Press, 2012
4. Software for Data Analysis: Programming with R (Statistics and Computing), John
M. Chambers, Springer

170
AUTONOMOUS
VEHICLES

171
 AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES
The invention of the wheel marked a large step in the evolution of mankind. With
mobility, man experienced a newfound freedom that opened the doors for several
other inventions. Automobile engineering or automotive engineering is one of the
most challenging careers in the field of engineering with a wide scope. This branch
deals with the designing, developing, manufacturing, testing and servicing
automobiles such as cars, trucks, motorcycles, scooters, etc. and the related
engineering sub systems. For the perfect blend of designing and manufacturing
automobiles, automobile engineering uses the features of different elements of
engineering such as mechanical, electrical, electronic, instrumentation, civil,
software and safety engineering. Exploring the topic from an interdisciplinary
perspective is indispensable. Globalization and incredible growth of automobile
industry have resulted in numerous opportunities for engineers both in India and
abroad.
The 17th and 18th centuries were mostly about steam-powered vehicles
transporting people and goods. While electric cars enjoyed popularity in the 19th
and early 20th centuries, the later period saw the accelerated adoption of the petrol
car, due to its advantages of power, mass production, cost and advances in the
internal combustion engine. It is only in the 21st century that interest in electric cars
has come back, given the need for cleaner, greener modes of transport. The
modern period is associated with several path breaking technologies. Over the last
couple of decades, there has been an explosion of electronics in vehicles.
Connected cars that include technology features are ever more popular. These
smart cars come with internet access, GPS, wi-fi, superior infotainment, advanced
telematics and navigation capabilities. More innovations in in-vehicle infotainment
and electronics promise to give car users even more enhanced capabilities in the
near future.
Today, safety has become a larger concern than ever before. While
entertainment and infotainment have made car driving a pleasure, this has also
given rise to a growing tribe of distracted drivers. Add to this, underdeveloped
roads, which take a toll on drivers today. Increased distractions and fatigue can also
contribute to human fatalities. The future certainly points in the direction of driverless
cars, which promise to alleviate concerns of traffic congestion and road safety.
Driverless cars, also known as autonomous cars, will usher in a paradigm shift in the
evolution of the modern automobile. Self-driving cars can sense the environment
and traffic with the help of RADAR, LIDAR, GPS and computer vision and navigate
without human intervention. Autonomous cars are claimed to have greater
accuracy, reliability and faster reaction time compared to human drivers. This would
lead to fewer traffic collisions and less road congestion.
Autonomous driving is a popular subject of today’s discussion and
automakers are developing complex systems that allow cars to drive themselves. If
technology continues on its current course, car will do the concentrating for you.
Self-parking, automatic emergency braking, adaptive cruise control and lane
keeping are just some of the technologies that have leapt into the market in the
past few years. Put them all together, get a picture of driving to assisted driving to
fully autonomous cars. The open elective track “Autonomous Vehicles” offered by
the department of automobile engineering trains the students to meet the
technological challenges and diverse needs of the industry and society in various
areas of automobile engineering and equips them to excel in a truly competitive
industry. With through knowledge in this filed, engineering graduates get opportunity
to serve many top-notch automobile companies and IT companies as well.

172
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1AE01) PRINCIPLES OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the layout of an automobile and functionalities subsystems
• To provide overview on concepts of engine, cooling, lubrication and fuel systems
• To present constructional features and working of automotive driveline and
running systems
• To study the fundamentals and principles of automotive electrical systems

COURSE OUTCOMES After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain the functionalities of automotive systems and subsystems
CO-2: Give an overview on engine and engine subsystems.
CO-3: Describe working of automotive driveline and running systems
CO-4: Discuss the concepts of automotive starting, ignition and charging systems

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Classification of automobiles, layout of an automobile, automobile sub
systems and their role. Types of chassis, role and requirement of a chassis frame,
types of frames, materials, loading points and types of bodies.

UNIT – II:
Engine: Classification and components of an engine, principle and working of four
stoke and two stroke SI and CI engines, petrol fuel system - carburetor, diesel fuel
system - diesel fuel pump, injectors, introduction to electronic fuel injection system –
MPFI and CRDI.

UNIT – III:
Cooling and Lubrication: Necessity of cooling, air-cooling, water cooling -
thermosyphon and pump cooling, radiator, pump, thermostat, antifreeze solution
and radiator fan. Mist, splash and forced lubrication, oil filters and oil pumps.

UNIT – IV:
Drive Line: Clutches, principle, single plate clutch, multi plate clutch and centrifugal
clutch. Gear box - Need, sliding mesh, constant mesh and synchromesh gear box.
Propeller shaft, universal joint, differential, wheels and tyres.

UNIT – V:
Running Systems: Suspension systems – Objective, rigid axle and independent
suspension system and torsion bar. Steering system – Layout, steering mechanism,
steering geometry and steering gear boxes. Brake system –Principle, stopping
distance, types of brakes and actuation.

UNIT – VI:
Electrical Systems: Starting system - Principle, working of different starter drive units
and solenoid switches. Ignition system - Conventional ignition system types, ignition

173
advance and retarding mechanisms. Charging system – Alternator principle,
construction and working, cut-outs and regulators.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Vehicle Technology, Heinz Heisler, Butterworth Heinemann Publishers,
2002
2. Automobile Electrical Equipment, Crouse W. H., 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill Book Co.,
Inc., New York,1986

REFERENCES:
1. Motor Vehicle, Garrett T. K., Newton K. and Steeds W., ButterWorths & Co.
Publishers Ltd., New Delhi, 2001
2. Automotive Electrical Equipment, Kohli P. L., Tata McGraw Hill Co. Ltd., New
Delhi, 1975
3. Automotive Chassis and Body, Crouse W. H., McGraw Hill Book Co., 5th Edition,
1976
4. Automotive Mechanics, Giri N. K., Khanna Publications, 2006

174
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1AE02) MODERN AUTOMOTIVE TECHNOLOGIES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Principles of Automobile Engineering

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To provide an overview on advanced engine control system concepts
• To know the interdisciplinary concepts and intelligent automotive systems
• To understand the interdisciplinary concepts and GPS-enabled applications in
automobile
• To present intelligent vehicle technologies like comfort, safety and security
systems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply advanced engine control system concepts in engineering
CO-2: Discuss the need for implementation intelligent vehicle technologies
CO-3: Address the key technologies in automotive navigation
CO-4: Appreciate the technological advancements driver assistance systems

UNIT – I:
Advanced Engine Controls: Concept of an electronic engine control system, engine
control module, powertrain control module, electronic fuel injection - throttle body
fuel injection, multi-point fuel injection, gasoline direct injection, common rail direct
injection, electronic ignition control, engine mapping, on-board diagnostics.

UNIT – II:
Introduction to Intelligent Vehicles: Driver information, driver perception, driver
convenience, driver monitoring, general vehicle control, longitudinal and lateral
control, collision avoidance, vehicle monitoring.

UNIT – III:
Telematics: Global positioning system, geographical information systems, navigation
system, architecture, automotive vision system, road recognition.

UNIT – IV:
Comfort Systems: Adaptive cruise control system, active suspension system, power
steering, collapsible and tiltable steering column, power windows.

UNIT – V:
Safety Systems: Active and passive safety, airbags, seat belt tightening system,
forward collision warning systems, child lock, anti-lock braking systems, traction
control system, lane departure warning system.

UNIT – VI:
Security Systems: Anti-theft technologies – mechanical, electromechanical and
electronic immobilizers, alarm system, stolen vehicle tracking system, remote keyless
entry, smart card system, number plate coding.

175
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Understanding Automotive Electronics, William B. Ribbens, 5th Edition, Butterworth
Heinemann Woburn,1998
2. Intelligent Vehicle Technologies: Theory and Applications, Ljubo Vlacic, Michel
Parent and Fumio Harashima, Butterworth-Heinemann Publications, Oxford, 2001

REFERENCES:
1. Automotive Handbook, Robert Bosch, SAE, 5th Edition, 2000
2. Navigation and Intelligent Transportation Systems – Progress in Technology,
Ronald K. Jurgen, Automotive Electronics Series, SAE, USA, 1998
3. Understanding Automotive Electronics, Bechhold, SAE, 1998

176
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.TECH. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1AE03) ELECTRIC, HYBRID AND FUEL CELL VEHICLES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Principles of Automobile Engineering, Modern Automotive

Technologies

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To study the concepts and drivetrain configurations of electric and hybrid
vehicles
• To understand about electric propulsion system
• To provide various energy storage devices
• To present principle, working and automotive applications of fuel cell and solar
technology

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain the concepts and drivetrain configurations of electric and hybrid
vehicles
CO-2: Discuss various electric motors and controls
CO-3: Present various energy storage devices
CO-4: Describe automotive applications of fuel cell and solar technology

UNIT – I:
Electric Vehicles: Layout of an electric vehicle, system components, traction motor
characteristics, transmission, electronic control system, advantage and limitations,
performance and energy consumption of electric vehicles.

UNIT – II:
Hybrid Vehicles: Concepts of hybrid electric drivetrain based on hybridization and
powertrain configuration, architecture of series, parallel and series-parallel hybrid
electric drivetrains, modes of operation, merits and demerits, plug-in hybrid
architecture, speed and torque coupling of hybrid electric drivetrains.

UNIT – III:
Electric Motors: Review of technology suited to automotive propulsion, requirements,
DC motors, Induction motors, permanent magnet brushless DC motors and switched
reluctance motors.

UNIT – IV:
Motor Drives: Speed and torque control, DC motor - Chopper based four quadrant
operations, induction motor, permanent magnet motor and switched reluctance
motor.

UNIT – V:
Energy Storages: Electromechanical batteries - Types, parameters, lead acid
batteries, nickel-based batteries, lithium-based batteries, battery management
system and ultracapacitors.

177
UNIT – VI:
Fuel Cell and Solar Vehicles: Fuel cell vehicle – Operating principle, types of fuel
cells, fuel cell options for fuel cell vehicle and fuel cell hybrid vehicle. Solar vehicle -
Solar photovoltaic cell, solar array, solar car electrical system and drive train.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory
and Design, Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay and Ali Emadi, CRC
Press, 2004
2. Electric Vehicle Technology-Explained, James Larminie and John Loury, John
Wiley & Sons Ltd., 2003

REFERENCES:
1. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles – Design Fundamentals, Iqbal Husain, CRC Press,
2010
2. Electric Vehicle Battery Systems, Sandeep Dhameja, Butterworth–Heinemann,
2002
3. Electric and Hybrid – Electric Vehicles, Ronald K. Jurgen, SAE, 2002
4. Light Weight Electric/Hybrid Vehicle Design, Ron Hodkinson and John Fenton,
Butterworth–Heinemann

178
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1AE04) CONNECTED AND AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Principles of Automobile Engineering, Modern Automotive

Technologies, Electric, Hybrid and Fuel Cell Vehicles

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the fundamentals of vehicle communication and networking
• To provide state-of-the-art in wireless communication technology within and
between vehicles
• To know various levels of vehicle autonomy and intelligent automotive systems
• To provide an overview on driver-assist and self-driving processes

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Present the fundamentals of vehicle communication and networking
CO-2: Appreciate intra-vehicle and inter-vehicle communication technologies
CO-3: Describe various levels of vehicle autonomy
CO-4: Discuss the driver-assist and self-driving processes

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Vehicle Communications: Intra-vehicle communications -
communications protocols, systems and sensors (Braking, steering, power train,
chassis systems, body electronics, instrument clusters, infotainment systems), inter-
vehicle communications - cooperative driving (accident warning, frontal/rear
collision prevention, lane change, assistance). Consumer assistance – traffic
information, multimedia support and smart parking

UNIT – II:
Communication Fundamentals and Controller Area Network: Communication
fundamentals – Frequency, bandwidth, power measurement, signal to noise ratio,
transmission rate constraints, radio frequency spectrum allocation, RADAR operation
and types of RADAR. CAN evolution, versions, types of controllers, layered
architecture. CAN bus, message frames and error handling.

UNIT – III:
Intra-Vehicle Communications: Wired communication – Network comparison, two
tier approach, LIN applications - Localized vehicle area support, general support
areas, CAN applications - In vehicle operation, infotainment, wireless
communication – Bluetooth vehicle applications, satellite services – satellite radio,
vehicle care and traffic status.

UNIT – IV:
Inter-Vehicle Communication: Adhoc Communications –Applications in Vehicle
traffic Monitoring, Collision and congestion avoidance, Highway lane reservation,
Emission Control, Vehicle Frequency Utilization – AM Radio, Bluetooth, FM Radio,
GPS, Short range RADAR, Wireless LAN, Intelligent Roadway-Infrastructure to vehicle
and vehicle to vehicle communications. Evolving smart vehicle – ECU, wireless

179
networking, forward RADAR, side RADAR, GPS, cellular transmission and event
Recorder.

UNIT – V:
Autonomous Vehicles: Importance, levels of automation, policy making, social costs,
safety and crashes, congestion, land use, energy and emissions, costs and
disadvantages

UNIT – VI:
Current State of Autonomous Vehicles: Research, challenges, commercial
development, sensor systems, sensor suits, environmental challenges, graceful
degradation, V2V and V2I communication, sharing the drive, integrity, security,
verification and policy implications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Inter and Intra Vehicle Communications, Gilbert Held Auerbach Publications,
2008
2. Autonomous Vehicle Technology-A Guide for Policymakers, James M. Anderson,
Nidhi Kalra, Karlyn D. Stanley, Paul Sorensen, Constantine Samaras, Oluwatobi A.
Oluwatola, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., 2016
3. Autonomous Driving - Technical, Legal and Social Aspects, Markus Maurer, J.
Christian Gerdes, Barbara Lenz, Hermann Winner, Editors, Springer, 2016

REFERENCES:
1. Intelligent Vehicle Technologies: Theory and Applications, Ljubo Vlacic, Michel
Parent and Fumio Harashima, Butterworth-Heinemann Publications, Oxford, 2001
2. Navigation and Intelligent Transportation Systems – Progress in Technology,
Ronald K. Jurgen, Automotive Electronics Series, SAE, USA, 1998
3. Automotive In–vehicle Networks, J. Gabrielleen, Wiley-Blackwell, 2008
4. In-Vehicle Network Architecture for the Next-Generation Vehicles, Syed Masud
Mahmud, IGI
5. Communication Technologies for Vehicles, Mohamed Kassab Springer, 2015

180
 GENERAL -
COMPUTING

181
 1. PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA
Java is an extensively used programming language specifically intended for use in
the distributed environment of the internet. Java help students to create wide-
ranging applications that possibly will run on a single workstation or be distributed
among servers and clients in a network.
Java is an extremely fruitful language and an upper option for many developers for
many years. The motive that it has remained so prevalent is since it still happens the
needs of functioning across networks.
Students will have different roles and responsibilities by learning Java Programming
• Designing, implementing, and maintaining Java applications that are often
high-volume and low-latency, required for mission-critical systems.
• Delivering high availability and performance.
• Contributing in all phases of the development lifecycle.
• Writing well-designed, efficient, and testable code.

2. RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

A relational database permits you to effortlessly find precise information. It also
consents you to sort based on any field and produce reports that comprise only
definite fields from each record. With features like, Data Accuracy, Easy Access to
Data, Data Integrity, Flexibility, Normalization, High Security, Feasible for Future
Modifications
By learning RDBMS Students will have different roles in Database environment
• Data Administrator,
• Database Administrator
• Database Designer
• Application Programmer

3. COMPUTATIONAL THINKING USING PYTHON

The python language is one of the utmost accessible programming languages
available because it has streamlined syntax and not complex, which gives more
importance on natural language. Due to its comfort of learning and
practice, python codes can be readily written and executed much quicker than
former programming languages.
Data Science: The libraries and frameworks Python offers, e.g. PyBrain, PyMySQL,
and NumPy are one of the big reasons. Another reason is
diversity. Python experience allows you to do a lot more than any other language,
e.g. you can create scripts to automate stuff, go into web development,
and so much more.

Students will have various Job Profiles by learning Python

• Software Engineer.
• Python Developer.
• Research Analyst.
• Data Analyst.
• Data Scientist.
• Software Developer.

4. INTRODUCTION TO DATA ANALYTICS

Data Scientists and Analysts use data analytics techniques in their research, and
businesses also use it to inform their conclusions. Data analysis can assistance

182
corporations healthier comprehend their customers, assess their ad-campaigns,
personalize gratified, create content approaches and progress products.

By learning Data Analytics students will get Jobs with different designations
• IT Systems Analyst. Systems analysts use and design systems to solve problems
in information technology. ...
• Healthcare Data Analyst. ...
• Operations Analyst. ...
• Data Scientist. ...
• Data Engineer. ...
• Quantitative Analyst. ...
• Data Analytics Consultant. ...
• Digital Marketing Manager.

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1IT06) PROGRAMMING THROUGH JAVA

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce object-oriented programming concepts using the Java language
• To introduce the principles of inheritance and polymorphism; and demonstrates
how they relate to the design of abstract classes
• To introduce the implementation of packages and interfaces
• To introduce exception handling, event handling and multithreading

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Develop applications for range of problems using object-oriented
programming techniques
CO-2: Design simple graphical user interface applications
CO-3: Explore the design of graphical user interface using applets and swings

UNIT – I:
Object Oriented Thinking and Java Basics: Need for OOP Paradigm, Summary of
OOP Concepts, Coping with Complexity, Abstraction Mechanisms, A Way of
Viewing World – Agents, Responsibility, Messages, Methods, History of Java, Java
Buzzwords, Data Types, Variables, Scope and Life Time of Variables, Arrays,
Operators, Expressions, Control Statements, Type Conversion and Casting, Simple
Java Program, Concepts of Classes, Objects, Constructors, Methods, Access
Control, This Keyword, Garbage Collection, Overloading Methods and Constructors,
Method Binding, Inheritance, Overriding and Exceptions, Parameter Passing,
Recursion, Nested and Inner Classes, Exploring String Class.

UNIT – II:
Inheritance, Packages and Interfaces: Hierarchical Abstractions, Base Class Object,
Subclass, Subtype, Substitutability, Forms of Inheritance- Specialization, Specification,
Construction, Extension, Limitation, Combination, Benefits of Inheritance, Costs of
Inheritance. Member Access Rules, Super Uses, Using Final with Inheritance,
Polymorphism- Method Overriding, Abstract Classes, The Object Class.
Defining, Creating and Accessing a Package, Understanding Classpath, Importing
Packages, Differences between Classes and Interfaces, Defining an Interface,
Implementing Interface, Applying Interfaces, Variables in Interface and Extending
Interfaces, Exploring Java.IO.

UNIT – III:
Exception Handling and Multi-threading: Concepts of Exception Handling, Benefits
of Exception Handling, Termination or Resumptive Models, Exception Hierarchy,
Usage of Try, Catch, Throw, Throws and Finally, Built in Exceptions, Creating Own
Exception Sub Classes.
String Handling, Exploring Java. Util, Differences between Multi-Threading and
Multitasking, Thread Life Cycle, Creating Threads, Thread Priorities, Synchronizing

184
Threads, Interthread Communication, Thread Groups, Daemon Threads.
Enumerations, Autoboxing, Annotations, Generics.

UNIT – IV:
Event Handling: Events, Event Sources, Event Classes, Event Listeners, Delegation
Event Model, Handling Mouse and Keyboard Events, Adapter Classes.
The AWT Class Hierarchy, User Interface Components- Labels, Button, Canvas,
Scrollbars, Text Components, Check Box, Check Box Groups, Choices, Lists Panels –
Scrollpane, Dialogs, Menubar, Graphics, Layout Manager – Layout Manager Types –
Border, Grid, Flow, Card and Grid Bag.

UNIT – V:
Applets: Concepts f Applets, Differences between Applets and Applications, Life
Cycle of an Applet, Types of Applets, Creating Applets, Passing Parameters to
Applets.

UNIT – VI:
Swing: Introduction, Limitations of AWT, MVC Architecture, Components, Containers,
Exploring Swing- Japplet, Jframe and Jcomponent, Icons and Labels, Text Fields,
Buttons – The Jbutton Class, Check Boxes, Radio Buttons, Combo Boxes, Tabbed
Panes, Scroll Panes, Trees, and Tables.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Java The Complete Reference, Herbert Schildt, 7th Edition, TMH
2. Understanding OOP with Java Updated Edition, T. Budd, Pearson Education
3. An Introduction to Programming and OO Design using Java, J. Nino and F.A.
Hosch, John Wiley & Sons

REFERENCES:
1. Introduction to Java Programming, Y. Daniel Liang, Pearson Education
2. An Introduction to Java Programming and Object-Oriented Application
Development, R. A. Johnson, Thomson
3. Core Java 2, Vol. 1 - Fundamentals, Cay. S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell, 8th
Edition, Pearson Education
4. Core Java 2, Vol. 2 - Advanced Features, Cay. S. Horstmann and Gary Cornell,
8th Edition, Pearson Education

185
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS08) RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basic concepts and the applications of database systems
• To master the basics of SQL and construct queries using SQL
• To understand the relational database design principles
• To become familiar with the basic issues of transaction processing and
concurrency control
• To become familiar with database storage structures and access techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Demonstrate the basic elements of a relational database management
system
CO-2: Ability to identify the data models for relevant problems
CO-3: Ability to design entity relationship model and convert entity relationship
diagrams into RDBMS and formulate SQL queries on the data
CO-4: Apply normalization for the development of application software

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Database System Applications, Purpose of Database Systems, View of
Data, Database Languages – DDL, DML, Relational Databases, Database Design,
Data Storage and Querying, Transaction Management, Database Architecture,
Data Mining and Information Retrieval, Specialty Databases, Database Users and
Administrators, History of Database Systems.
Introduction to Database design: Database Design and ER diagrams, Entities,
Attributes and Entity sets, Relationships and Relationship sets, Additional features of
ER Model, Conceptual Design with the ER Model, Conceptual Design for Large
enterprises.
Relational Model: Introduction to the Relational Model, Integrity Constraints over
Relations, Enforcing Integrity constraints, Querying relational data
Logical Database Design: ER to Relational, Introduction to Views, Destroying /Altering
Tables and Views.

UNIT – II:
Relational Algebra and Calculus: Preliminaries, Relational Algebra, Relational
calculus – Tuple relational Calculus, Domain relational calculus, Expressive Power of
Algebra and calculus.
SQL: Queries, Constraints, Triggers: Form of Basic SQL Query, UNION, INTERSECT, and
EXCEPT, Nested Queries, Aggregate Operators, NULL values Complex Integrity
Constraints in SQL, Triggers and Active Data bases, Designing Active Databases.

UNIT – III:
Schema Refinement and Normal Forms: Introduction to Schema Refinement,
Functional Dependencies - Reasoning about FDs, Normal Forms, Properties of

186
Decompositions, Normalization, Schema Refinement in Database Design, Other
Kinds of Dependencies.

UNIT – IV:
Transaction Management: Transactions, Transaction Concept, A Simple Transaction
Model, Storage Structure, Transaction Atomicity and Durability, Transaction Isolation,
Serializability, Transaction Isolation and Atomicity Transaction Isolation Levels,
Implementation of Isolation Levels.

UNIT – V:
Concurrency Control: Lock–Based Protocols, Multiple Granularity, Timestamp-Based
Protocols, Validation-Based Protocols, Multiversion Schemes.
Recovery System: Failure Classification, Storage, Recovery and Atomicity, Recovery
Algorithm, Buffer Management, Failure with loss of nonvolatile storage, Early Lock
Release and Logical Undo Operations, Remote Backup systems.

UNIT – VI:
Storage and Indexing: Overview of Storage and Indexing: Data on External Storage,
File Organization and Indexing, Index Data Structures, Comparison of File
Organizations.
Tree-Structured Indexing: Intuition for tree Indexes, Indexed Sequential Access
Method (ISAM), B+ Trees: A Dynamic Index Structure, Search, Insert, Delete.
Hash-Based Indexing: Static Hashing, Extendible hashing, Linear Hashing, Extendible
vs. Linear Hashing.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Database Management Systems, Raghu Ramakrishnan, Johannes Gehrke, 3rd
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
2. Database System Concepts, A. Silberschatz, Henry F. Korth, S. Sudarshan, 6 th
Edition, McGraw Hill Education (India) Private Limited
3. Database Systems, R. Elmasri, Shamkant B. Navathe, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education

REFERENCES:
1. Database System Concepts, Peter Rob & Carlos Coronel, Cengage Learning
2. Introduction to Database Management, M. L. Gillenson and others, Wiley Student
Edition
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education

187
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1IT03) COMPUTATIONAL THINKING USING PYTHON

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand why Python is a useful scripting language for developers
• To create and execute Python programs and to Learn how to use lists, tuples,
and dictionaries in Python programs
• To learn how to build and package Python modules for reusability
• To learn how to design object-oriented programs with Python classes
• To learn how to use exception handling in Python applications for error handling

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Adapt and combine standard algorithms to solve a given problem (includes
numerical as well as non-numerical algorithms)
CO-2: Adequately use standard programming constructs: repetition, selection,
functions, composition, modules, aggregated data (arrays, lists, etc.)
CO-3: Explain what a given program (in Python) does identify and repair coding
errors in a program
CO-4: Understand and use object-based software concepts (constructing OO
software will be dealt with in the course Software Engineering)
CO-5: Use library software for (e.g.) building a graphical user interface, web
application, or mathematical software

UNIT – I:
Introduction: History, Features, Setting up path, Working with Python, Basic Syntax,
Variable and Data Types, Operator, Conditional Statements-If
If- else Nested if-else Looping for While Nested loops Control Statements Break
Continue Pass String Manipulation Accessing Strings Basic Operations String slices
Function.

UNIT – II:
Methods, Lists: Introduction, Accessing list, Operations, Working with lists, Function
and Methods, Tuple: Introduction, Accessing tuples, Operations, Working, Functions
and Methods
Dictionaries: Introduction, Accessing values in dictionaries, Working with dictionaries,
Properties.

UNIT – III:
Functions: Defining a function, Calling a function, Types of functions, Function
Arguments, Anonymous functions, Global and local variables.
Modules: Creation, Importing module, Math module, Random module, Packages.

UNIT – IV:
Composition: Input-Output-Printing on screen, Reading data from keyboard,
Opening and closing file Reading and writing files, Functions.

188
Exception Handling: Exception, Exception Handling, Except clause, Try? Finally
clause, User Defined Exceptions

UNIT – V:
OOPs Concept: Class and object, Attributes, Inheritance, Overloading, Overriding,
Data hiding, Regular expressions- Match function, Search function, Matching VS
Searching, Modifiers, Patterns.
Multithreading: Thread, Starting a thread, Threading module, Synchronizing threads.
CGI: Introduction, Architecture, CGI environment variable, GET and POST methods,
Cookies, File upload.

UNIT – VI:
Database: Introduction, Connections, Executing queries, Transactions Handling error,
Networking: Socket, Socket Module, Methods, Client and server, Internet modules,
Sending email.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Learning Python, David Ascher and Mark Lutz, 2nd Edition, O’Relly, 2003

REFERENCES:
1. Python Programming: An Introduction to Computer Science, John M. Zelle, 2nd
Edition, Kindle Edition
2. Python Essential Reference, David M. Beazley, 4th Edition, Developer’s Library

189
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1IT07) INTRODUCTION TO DATA ANALYTICS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To be exposed to conceptual framework of big data
• To understand different techniques of data analysis
• To be familiar with concepts of data streams
• To be exposed to item sets, clustering, frame works and Visualization

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand big data fundamentals
CO-2: Learn various data analysis techniques
CO-3: Implement various data streams
CO-4: Understand item sets, clustering, frame works & Visualizations

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Big Data: Introduction to Big Data Platform – Challenges of
Conventional systems – Web data – Evolution of Analytic scalability, analytic process
and tools, Analysis vs Reporting – Modern data analytic tools,
Statistical Concepts: Sampling distributions, resampling, statistical inference,
prediction error.

UNIT – II:
Data Analysis: Regression modeling, Multivariate analysis, Bayesian modeling,
inference and Bayesian networks, Support vector and Kernel methods
Analysis of Time Series: Linear systems analysis, nonlinear dynamics – Rule induction –
Neural Networks: Learning and and Generalisation, competitive learning, Principal
component analysis and neural networks
Fuzzy Logic: extracting fuzzy models from data, fuzzy decision trees, Stochastic
search methods.

UNIT – III:
Mining Data Streams: Introduction to Streams Concepts – Stream data model and
architecture – Stream Computing, Sampling data in a stream – Filtering streams –
Counting distinct elements in a stream – Estimating moments – Counting oneness in
a Window – Decaying window – Real time Analytics Platform (RTAP) applications –
case studies – real time sentiment analysis, stock market predictions.

UNIT – IV:
Frequent Itemsets and Clustering: Mining Frequent itemsets – Market based Modeling
– Apriori Algorithm – Handling large data sets in Main Memory – Limited Pass
Algorithm – Counting frequent itemsets in a Stream – Clustering Techniques –
Hierarchical – K-Means.

190
UNIT – V:
Clustering high dimensional data – CLIQUE and ProCLUS – Frequent pattern-based
clustering methods – Clustering in non-Euclidean space – Clustering for streams and
Parallelism.

UNIT – VI:
Frameworks and Visualization: MapReduce – Hadoop, Hive, MapR – Sharding –
NoSQL Databases – S3 – Hadoop Distributed file systems – Visualizations – Visual data
analysis techniques,
Interaction Techniques: Systems and Applications

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Intelligent Data Analysis, Michael Berthold, David J. Hand, Springer, 2007
2. Mining of Massive Datasets, Anand Rajaraman and Jeffrey David Ullman,
Cambridge University Press, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Taming the Big Data Tidal Wave: Finding Opportunities in Huge Data Streams with
Advanced Analytics, Bill Franks, John Wiley & Sons, 2012
2. Big Data Glossary, Glenn J. Myatt, Making Sense of Data, John Wiley & Sons, Pete
Warden, O’Reilly, 2011
3. Data Mining Concepts and Techniques, Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber, 2nd
Edition, Elsevier, 2008

191
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS11) FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER ALGORITHMS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To reinforce algorithms analysis methods
• To ability to analyse running time of an algorithm
• To understand different algorithm design strategies
• To familiarity with an assortment of important algorithms

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Apply algorithm design techniques and concepts to solve given engineering
problem
CO-2: Analyze running times of algorithms using asymptotic analysis
CO-3: Develop efficient algorithms for computational tasks
CO-4: Computing complexity measures of algorithms

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Characteristics of algorithm. Analysis of algorithms: Asymptotic analysis
of complexity bounds – best, average and worst-case behaviour; Performance
measurements of Algorithm, Time and space trade-offs.

UNIT – II:
Divide and Conquer: General method, applications-Binary search, Quick sort, Merge
sort, Strassen‘s matrix multiplication. Analysis of recursive algorithms through
recurrence relations: Substitution method, Recursion tree method and Masters’
theorem.

UNIT – III:
Greedy Method: General method, applications-Job sequencing with deadlines, 0/1
knapsack problem, Minimum cost spanning trees, Single source shortest path
problem, Huffman Codes.

UNIT – IV:
Dynamic Programming-I: General method, Principle of optimality, applications-
Multistage graphs, Matrix chain multiplication, Optimal binary search trees.

UNIT – V:
Dynamic Programming-II: 0/1 knapsack problem, All pairs shortest path problem,
Travelling sales person problem, Reliability design.

UNIT – VI:
Backtracking: General method, applications- N-Queen problem, Sum of subsets
problem, Graph coloring, Hamiltonian cycles.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Fundamentals of Computer Algorithms, E. Horowitz et al, Galgotia Publications

192
2. Introduction to Algorithms, Thomas H. Cormen, Charles E. Lieserson, Ronald L.
Rivest and Clifford Stein, 4th Edition, MIT Press/McGraw-Hill

REFERENCES:
1. Algorithm Design, Jon Kleinberg and Eva Tardos, 1st Edition, Pearson
2. Algorithm Design: Foundations, Analysis and Internet Examples, Michael T.
Goodrich and Roberto Tamassia, 2nd Edition, Wiley
3. Algorithms – A Creative Approach, Udi Manber, 3rd Edition, Addison-Wesley,
Reading, MA
4. Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms, Anany Levitin, 3rd Edition,
Pearson Publications

193
GENERAL

194
 PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES

Ethics is a necessary and listed Graduate Attribute for all engineers according
to the Washington Accord. As engineers deal with the society and provide for the
society, it is important that the ethical concerns pertaining to technology are well-
understood and addressed. Human Values form the basis for all Ethics and ethical
theories help resolve professional dilemmas too. This course aims to create an
appreciation for normative and applied ethics with special focus on professionalism
and technology education and practice. Given the diverse set of roles an engineer
or computer scientist may play in the society, there is an inherent societal need for
engineers, technologists, and computer scientists to be ethical. The formative years
of students of engineering are the best time to impress upon them the practical
importance and application aspects of ethics. The curriculum is designed to include
an inherent appreciation for the Indian Ethos and cover a wide variety of topics with
suitable case studies and examples all through, so as to enable the learners to find
practical contexts in global and contemporary careers of their future. The course
also leads to attaining two other Graduate Attributes majorly, along with
Ethics, viz. Engineer and Society, and Lifelong Learning.

195
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. V Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1HS01) PROFESSIONAL ETHICS AND HUMAN VALUES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To emphasize on the importance of ethics for engineers and computer scientists
• To provide a toolkit for ethical behaviour in personal and professional settings
• To relate the profession of engineering to sociocultural as well as ethical and
moral contexts in India and globally
• To develop more socially conscious engineers who create and conceive a better
society and a better world without sacrificing or ignoring public good

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Distinguish morals, values, and ethics in Indian and global contexts
CO-2: Resolve moral and ethical dilemmas through ethical inquiries and appropriate
ethical theories
CO-3: Realize the professional role of engineers in society and the support available
in creating safe solutions for the society focusing on public welfare
CO-4: Conduct themselves ethically in various roles that present themselves in
professional and business environments

UNIT – I:
Motivation and Introduction to Human Values: Motivation to study ethics in
engineering with justifying case studies, historical events, and current affairs; Morals,
Values, and Ethics – Definitions; Moral Judgement vs. Value Judgement; Moral
Character and Moral Autonomy – Conscientiousness, Integrity, Empathy as basic
building blocks; The Golden Rule; Maslow’s Theory of Needs; Universal Human Values
and Theories; Conventional and Constitutional Values in Indian Ethos; Anomie vs.
Civic Virtue as a foundation for an ideal society; Ethics as a basis of legal framework;
Privacy and Confidentiality – Increasing emphasis in personal and professional lives,
technological considerations and examples; Profession, Professionalism – Definitions,
Engineering as a Profession

UNIT – II:
Ethics, Ethical Theories, and Professionalism: Ethics through Spirituality, Religion, and
beyond; Indian Philosophy and Ethos, ancient to modern – Family System, Ethical
Pluralism, Unity in Diversity; Ethics as application of values and as moral philosophy –
Kohlberg’s theory vs. Gilligan’s theory of moral development leading to ethics,
examples; Moral and Ethical Dilemmas – Definition, Causes, Case Studies and
Examples; Resolution of Ethical Dilemmas through Ethical Inquiries – Normative,
Conceptual, and Factual Inquiries, Classification of Ethics by Character and
Conduct – Consequentialism/ Utilitarianism, Deontological Ethics, Virtue Ethics and
Theories, Rights Theories; Ethical Frameworks and examples; Practical application of
ethical theories for decision-making in personal life

196
UNIT – III:
Professionalism, Engineering in the Societal Context: Professionalism – Professional
Traits, Rights, Responsibilities, Roles, Virtues; Business Ethics; Engineering as Social
Experimentation – Context with examples, Comparison with standard experiments,
Application of Ethical Inquiries to gain knowledge and to gather relevant
information, Responsibility of Experimenters, Accountability and Answerability,
Consensus and Need for Informed Consent – how to address exceptions;
Responsible Innovation – Social Context of Innovation, Responsible Research and
Innovation, Data Privacy and Protection of Individual Rights, being Ethical by Design;
Trust in the context of professionalism – confidentiality, non-disclosure agreements
(NDA); Intellectual Property (IP) – IP Rights (IPR) as Professional Rights, Law, Moral
Rights and Economic Rights, Patenting; Diverse roles of Engineers as Professionals –
Manager, Leader, Consultant, and Expert Witness

UNIT – IV:
Professional Ethics, Ethics at Workplace and Roles of Engineers: Overview of
Organizational Behaviour; Collegiality, Loyalty, Trust in professional context; Respect
for Authority vs. Moral Autonomy, Moral Responsibility; Organizational context of
Ethics – Minor, interpersonal, severe, organizational workplace deviances;
Occupational Crime, Culpable mistakes, Collateral damage; Gifts and bribes;
Industrial Ethics for non-professionals; Code of ethics and Code of Conduct – Role of
professional societies in guiding, promoting, and protecting professionals and
professions, Examples of common professional societies in Engineering and Science;
Decision-making in professional context – Choosing the right guidance, choosing the
right ethical theory; Conflicts in profession and at workplace - Employee Relations
and Discrimination, Conflict of Interest, Conflict Management and Resolution,
Framework for Conflict Resolution; Multinational Companies and Corporates – Work
Culture and Respect for Diversity and Pluralism; Employee Rights vs. Professional
Rights; Whistleblowing – Social, Organizational, and Legal context with examples

UNIT – V:
Public Welfare, Safety & Risk: Impact of engineering activities and technology on
Public Welfare; Ethical Concerns of Public welfare in the context of Emerging
Technologies – Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, Internet of Things,
Cybersecurity and Cybercrime; Issues of Public Concern – Informed Consent, Health
and environmental aspects, data security; Safety and Risk – Definitions; Risk
Assessment – Known and Unintended consequences, Risk-Benefit Analysis, Reducing
Risk, Optimum Level of Safety, Capability Curves, Safe Exit; Learning from the Past –
Case Studies in Ethics Context: Titanic, Bhopal, Chernobyl; Environmental Ethics and
Sustainable Development Goals; Computer Ethics and various Technology Ethics;
Ethics in the context of War and Weapon Development; Ethics and Economics – Fair
Trade, Capitalism vs. Communism, Developed vs. Developing vs. Underdeveloped
economies

UNIT – VI:
Ethics for Lifelong Learning: Ethics in the context of Globalization; Moral Character
and Ethical Leadership – Case Studies and Examples of success and failure;
Overview and comparison of different schools of thought, comparison of the works
of pioneering philosophers and social scientists – Immanuel Kant, John Rawls, Martin
Heidegger, Swami Vivekananda, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Dr. Abdul Kalam, etc.; Impact
of Ethical and Unethical Behaviour in personal and professional lives, developing

197
and maintaining ethical behaviour, threats to moral autonomy and how to continue
to be ethical in personal and professional lives

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Ethics in Engineering, Mike W. Martin, Roland Schinzinger, McGraw Hill Education,
2017 (ISBN: 978-9339204457)
2. Business Ethics: An Indian Perspective, A. C. Fernando, K. P. Muralidheeran, E. K.
Satheesh, Pearson Education, 2019 (ISBN: 978-9353437442)
3. Professional Ethics, R. Subramanian, Oxford University Press, 2017 (ISBN: 978-
0199475070)

REFERENCES:
1. Engineering Ethics: Concepts & Cases, Charles E. Harris, Jr., Michael S. Pritchard,
Michael J. Rabins, Cengage Learning, 2012 (ISBN: 978-8131517291)
2. Classical Indian Ethical Thought: A Philosophical Study of Hindu, Jaina and
Bauddha Morals, Kedar Nath Tiwari, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 2017 (ISBN:
978-8120816084)
3. The Manual for Indian Start-Ups, Dalai Lama, Ethics for the Whole World 978-
9351360803 Vijay Kumar Ivaturi et al., Penguin Random House India, 2017 (ISBN:
978-0143428527)
4. To Be Human, Jiddu Krishnamurti, Shambhala, 2000 (ISBN: 978-1570625961)
5. On Ethics and Economics, Amartya Sen, Oxford India, 1999 (ISBN: 978-
0195627619)

198
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VI Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1HS02) ENTREPRENEURSHIP

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To motivate the engineers to inculcate the skills thereof in any professional role
and to consider intrapreneurship or entrepreneurship as career choices for
personal and societal growth
• To impart lean management principles and practices to plan, execute, and
convert one’s own idea into a sustainable business model
• To gain practical knowledge to design one’s own lean startup
• To identify and avoid the potential pitfalls in validation, design, production, and
marketing phases of an innovative product or service

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Discover societal problems as entrepreneurial opportunities and ideate to
develop solutions through systematic and creative approaches to innovation and
business strategy
CO-2: Apply lean methodology to startup ideas using Business Model Canvas and
Lean Canvas and be able to create Business Plan
CO-3: Validate ideas, design, production, and marketing systematically using
techniques such as 5 Whys, Innovation Accounting, Value and Growth Propositions
CO-4: To strategize during ideation, production, market research, marketing and
facing competition

UNIT – I:
Entrepreneurial Skills and Opportunities : Role of Entrepreneurs in Indian and World
Economy; Entrepreneurship as a career for engineers, scientists, and technologists;
Personality and Skill Set of an Entrepreneur; Need for Ethics and Empathy for
Entrepreneurs; Stories of Successful and Failed Enterprises; Current Business Trends;
Entrepreneurial Management vs. Corporate Management – Roles and Scope;
Concepts of Intrapreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship, Technopreneurship,
Studentpreneurship; Opportunities in Telangana State and India – incubators,
schemes, accelerators

UNIT – II:
Introduction to Lean Startup Methodology: Overview, Principles of Lean Startup, Lean
vs. Traditional Startup; Vision-to-Steering, Start-Define-Learn-Experiment, Leap-Test-
Measure-Pivot, Build-Measure-Learn

UNIT – III:
Business Model Concepts: Components of Business Plan; Business Model Canvas
(BMC); Lean Canvas (LC); Pitch Deck; Elevator Pitch; Financial Aspects – Financing,
Funding Stages, Inflows, Outflows; Market Research and Marketing

199
UNIT – IV:
Building Your Business Model: Desirability, Feasibility, and Viability; Minimum Viable
Product (MVP), Proof of Concept (PoC), Prototype; Early Adopters; Value
Proposition; Overview of opportunities in India – Financing and Support Schemes,
Online and Offline Resources, Entrepreneurial Networks

UNIT – V:
Evaluating Your Business Model: Three Learning Milestones of Innovation; Root Cause
Analysis (RCA) through 5 Whys; Pivot or Persevere; The Engines of Growth: Sticky,
Viral, and Paid; Kan-ban Diagram for Project Planning and Resource Allocation

UNIT – VI:
Strengthen Your Business Model: Why startups fail? Value and Waste; Design Thinking
for Business; Analogs and Antilogs; Paralysis by Analysis and Extinct by Instinct; The
three A’s: Actionable, Accessible, and Auditable Metrics and Vanity Metrics

TEXT BOOKS:
1. The Lean Startup: How Today's Entrepreneurs Use Continuous Innovation to
Create Radically Successful Businesses, Eric Ries, Penguin Portfolio, 2015 (ISBN:
978-0670921607)
2. Entrepreneurship, Robert D. Hisrich, Michael P. Peters and Dean A. Shepherd,
Tata McGraw Hill, 11th Ed., 2020 (ISBN: 978-9390113316)
3. Entrepreneurship Simplified: From Idea to IPO, Ashok Soota, S R Gopalan, Penguin
Random House India, 2016 (ISBN: 978-0670088959)

REFERENCES:
1. Measure What Matters: OKRs: The Simple Idea that Drives 10x Growth, John
Doerr, Penguin Portfolio, 2018 (ISBN: 978-0241348482)
2. Entrepreneurship Development and Business Ethics, Abhik Kumar Mukherjee,
Shaunae Roy, Oxford University Press, 2019 (ISBN: 978-0199494460)
3. The Manual for Indian Start-Ups, Vijay Kumar Ivaturi et al., Penguin Random House
India, 2017 (ISBN: 978-0143428527)
4. Social Entrepreneurship in India: Quarter Idealism and a Pound of Pragmatism,
Madhukar Shukla, SAGE Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2020 (ISBN: 978-9353882372)
5. Entrepreneurship: A South Asian perspective. Donald F Kuratko, T.V Rao.
Cengage Learning, 2012

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1HS03) PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT AND PUBLIC SPEAKING

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To develop skills and techniques for Effective Communication and Public
Speaking
• To develop Leadership qualities and increase Self – confidence
• To get along with people and Team-Building
• To enhance career opportunities by Goal setting
• To develop an acceptable PERSONALITY

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Communicate better and speak with confidence
CO-2: Exhibit Leadership qualities and increased Self – confidence
CO-3: Work towards Team-Building
CO-4: Use career opportunities by Goal setting
CO-5: Acquire a forceful personality to maintain a pleasant relationship between
the seniors and subordinates and other stakeholders

UNIT – I:
EFECTIVE COMMUNICATION
i. Fundamentals of Effective Communication
ii. How to sell your ideas
iii. Communication within Industry (awareness of motivation, ego states, games,
etc.)
iv. Guidelines on: Listening, Reading and Writing
v. Non-verbal Communication (Body Language)
vi. Barriers of Communication

UNIT – II:
PUBLIC SPEAKING (SPEECH COMMUNICATION)
i. How to develop courage and self-confidence
ii. Speech purposes, preparation patterns and outlining of speech
iii. Fundamentals and secrets of good delivery
iv. How to make your meaning clear and convince an audience / client
v. How to close effectively and get action?
vi. How to participate in conferences, group discussions and office meetings

UNIT – III:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT -1
i. Leadership - qualities of a successful leader ; Leadership Styles; Leadership in
Administration; Problem-solving & Decision-making
ii. Group Dynamics and Team Building
iii. Importance of groups in organization; Interactions in group, Group Decision
Taking, Team Building, Interaction with the Team, Building a good team

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 UNIT – IV:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT -2
i. Interpersonal Relations- Introduction; Transactional Analysis in communication
Awareness of Ego states and their application in communication
ii. Conflict Management- Introduction & Causes of Conflict; Managing Conflict

UNIT – V:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT -3
i. Positive Attitude & Ways to develop positive attitude
Self Esteem & Confidence Building
ii. Motivation- Importance of self-motivation;
iii. Stress -Causes of Stress & Impact of Stress; Managing Stress

UNIT – VI:
PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT -4
i. Goal Setting-Meaning; Short, medium and Long Term Goals;
Importance of Goal setting & Steps for Goal Setting
ii. Creativity-Meaning; Barriers to Creativity & Steps to stimulate Creativity
Understanding and Importance of Human Values; Ideals in Life; Becoming a Role
Model
iii. Time Management - Time as a Resource; Techniques for better Time
Management.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advance Speaking Skills, Jeremy Harmar & John Arnold, Essex, Longman Group
Limited, 1978
2. Developing Soft Skills, Sherfield, R.M., Montgomery, R.J., Moody, P.G. 4th Edition,
Pearson, 2010
3. Personality Development and Soft Skills, Barun K. Mitra, Oxford University Press,
2016

REFERENCES:
1. Body Language: A Guide for Professionals, Hedwig Lewis, Response Books (a
division of Sage Publications India, Pvt. Ltd.,) New Delhi, 1998
2. Emotional Intelligence, Daniel Goldman, Bantam Books, 1995
3. Personality Development, Rajiv Mishra, Rupa & Co., 2004

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. VIII Semester L T/P/D C

3 0 3
(19OE1HS04) FOREIGN LANGUAGE – FRENCH

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To communicate verbally in a simple way by asking and responding to simple
questions related to everyday language needs
• To read and comprehend different kinds of texts (notices, informal letters,
catalogues, menus etc.)
• To write clear, concise, and correct sentences and paragraphs on familiar topics.
• To recognize and use basic syntax and structures in French including articles,
prepositions and connecting words as well as master basic vocabulary

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Use vocabulary contextually and effectively
CO-2: Use reading skills to comprehend different kinds of texts
CO-3: Understand everyday expressions dealing with simple and concrete everyday
needs, in clear, slow and well-articulated speech and manage very short mini
dialogues /conversations
CO-4: Demonstrate basic competence in Written French including grammar,
sentence and paragraph structure, coherence

UNIT – I: Introduce oneself and introduce someone:

Reading: Read and understand an introduction about someone
Grammar: Question words, Subject verb agreement, Mas/fem and prepositions with
cities and countries
Vocabulary: professions, nationalities, countries numbers, days of the week and
verbs
Writing: Build basic sentences and Write about oneself
Life Skills: Greetings, Formal and Informal way of asking questions

UNIT – II: Express likes and dislikes and Talk about your locality:
Reading: Read and understand description of a place
Grammar: Articles, prepositions, possessive adjectives, basic connecting words such
as “like, and, but”, and Negation
Vocabulary: Adjectives, verbs of preference, different places, and basic vocabulary
on leisure and sports activities.
Writing: Write about hobbies and pastimes
Life Skills: Conversation fillers

UNIT – III: Take / Fix an appointment with someone:

Reading: Understand propositions and counters
Grammar: How to say time, Interrogative adjectives
Vocabulary: Irregular verbs, days of the week, Fixed expressions with Etre and Avoir
and expressions to ask for appointment or refuse/accept a proposed time
Life Skills: Telephone etiquette and colloquial expressions in French

203
UNIT – IV: Talk about your routine / Invite someone and Accept or refuse an invitation
Reading: Read and understand an invitation on basic info: date and time, venue,
occasion, type of invitation etc.
Grammar: Question word Why, Connecting word “because”, partitive and
contracted articles, reflexive verbs
Vocabulary: Expressions to propose, thank / apologize and accept or refuse an
invitation,
Writing: Respond to an invitation (Accept or refuse)
Life Skills: At the table

UNIT – V: Ask for information (timings, price, etc) and Ask for/ Give Directions
Reading: Understand signboards and instructions
Grammar: Imperative mode and prepositions.
Vocabulary: Directions, Expressions to ask information or seek precision
Writing: Give instructions and fill a form

UNIT – VI: Vacation (plan vacation, choose destination, visit, and appreciate)
Reading: Read and understand travel brochures for basic info on offers, locations,
touristic attractions hotels and so on
Grammar: demonstrative adjectives and near future tense
Vocabulary: Weather forecast, modes of transport, and vacation activities
Writing: Write a post card
Life Skills: Types of vacation in France

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Painless French, Carol Chitin, M.S., Lynn Gore, Barrons Educational Series, 2016
(ISBN: 978-1438007700)
2. Language Learning University, French: Learn French for Beginners Including
French Grammar, French Short Stories and 1000+ French Phrases, Createspace
Independent Publications, 2018 (ISBN: 978-1726415002)
3. Language School, French Language for Beginners, 2019 (ISBN: 978-1700175700)

REFERENCES:
1. Practice Makes Perfect: Complete French All-in-One, Annie
Heminway, McGraw-Hill Education, 2018 (ISBN: 978-1260121032)
2. Easy French Step-by-Step, Myrna Bell Rochester, McGraw-Hill
Education, 2008 (ISBN: 978-0071453875)
3. Contacts: Langue et Culture Françaises, Jean-Paul Valette,
Rebecca Valette, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Inc., 2012 (ISBN: 978-1133309581)

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 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CE09) SMART CITIES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand smart city basic concepts, global standards, and Indian context of
smart cities
• To explain smart community, smart transportation and smart buildings
• To understand Energy demand, Green approach to meet Energy demand and
their capacities
• To identify Smart Transportation Technologies in cities and concepts towards
smart city

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain and elaborate smart city concepts and their international and
national standards
CO-2: Conceptualize smart community, transportation and building concepts
CO-3: Develop and calibrate energy demand and their capacity limits
CO-4: Predict the various smart urban transportation systems and the transition from
existing city towards a smart city

UNIT – I:
Introduction to Smart Cities: Introduction to Smart Cities - Understanding Smart Cities
-Dimensions of Smart Cities – World urbanization, Global Experience of Smart Cities,
Smart City case studies-Indian scenario - India “100 Smart Cities” Policy and Mission.

UNIT – II:
City as a System of Systems: Systems thinking – Developing a smart city approach –
Core elements of a smart city – Relevant open data for a smart city – Sustainability –
Privacy and Ethics – Energy systems for smarter cities.

UNIT – III
Smart Cities Planning and Development: Introduction to Smart Community; Smart
community concepts: Concept of Smart Community - Smart Transportation - Smart
Building and Home Device - Smart Health - Smart Government - Smart Energy and
Water - Cybersecurity, Safety, and Privacy; Internet of Things, Blockchain, Artificial
Intelligence, Alternate Reality, Virtual Reality.

UNIT – IV:
Smart Urban Energy Systems: Conventional vs. Smart, City components, Energy
demand, Green approach to meet Energy demand, Index of Indian cities towards
smartness – a statistical analysis -Meeting energy demand through direct and
indirect solar resources- Efficiency of indirect solar resources and its utility, Capacity
limit for the indirect solar resources- Effectiveness in responsive environment in smart
city; Smart communication using green resources- Relevant case studies

205
UNIT – V:
Smart Transportation Systems: Smart Transportation Technologies - Driverless and
connected vehicles - ride sharing solutions - The "improve" pathway - The "shift"
pathway – Smart Roads and Pavement systems – Relevant case studies

UNIT – VI:
Future of Smart Cities: The transition of legacy cities to Smart - Right transition process
- the benefit of citizens, cities have to adopt effective management and
governance approaches-factors in the transition phase of legacy cities to Smart
cities and their managerial implications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Internet of Things in Smart Technologies for Sustainable Urban Development, G. R.
Kanagachidambaresan, R. Maheswar, V. Manikandan, K. Ramakrishnan.,
Springer, 2020
2. Society 5.0: A People-Centric Super-Smart Society, Hitachi-UTokyo Laboratory (H-
UTokyo Lab), Springer, 2020
3. The Routledge Companion to Smart Cities, Katharine S. Willis, Alessandro Aurigi,
Routledge International Handbooks, 2020

REFERENCES:
1. Smart Cities in Asia: Governing Development in the Era of Hyper-Connectivity Yu-
min Joo, Yu-Min Joo, Teck-Boon Tan, Edward Elgar Pub, 2020
2. Urban Systems Design: Creating Sustainable Smart Cities in the Internet of Things
Era, Yoshiki Yamagata, Perry P. J. Yang, Elsevier, 2020
3. Smart Cities and Artificial Intelligence: Convergent Systems for Planning, Design,
and Operations, Christopher Grant Kirwan, Zhiyong Fu, Elsevier, 2020

206
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1EE05) TRENDS IN ENERGY SOURCES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVLOPMENT

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the role of sustainable energy
• To know components of solar PV and wind energy conversion systems
• To understand the principles of Biomass, geo-thermal and wave energy systems
• To learn various energy storage methods

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand various sources for sustainable energy
CO-2: Understand Solar Photo voltaic and wind energy systems
CO-3: Learnt the harnessing techniques of Biomass, geothermal and ocean energy
CO-4: Familiarize with energy storage methods

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Trends in energy consumption - Conventional and renewable sources,
Energy sources and their availability, Energy Conservation status in India -need of
new energies for sustainable development.

UNIT – II:
Fundamentals of Solar Radiation: Introduction-The Sun as Source of Energy,
Extraterrestrial and Terrestrial Radiations, Spectral Power Distribution of Solar
Radiation, instruments for measuring solar radiation and sunshine recorder.
Solar PV Conversion: The PV Cell-Crystalline Solar cells -Thin film and amorphous solar
cells, Module, Array, Equivalent Electrical circuit- Open circuit voltage and Short
circuit current, I-V, P-V Curves. Developments in efficient non silicon solar cells

UNIT – III:
Wind Energy: origin of winds-Global (or Planetary) Winds- Local Winds-Factors
Affecting the Distribution of Wind Energy on the Surface of Earth, Wind Turbine –
Types, construction of HAWT, VAWT, performance characteristics, Betz criteria.

UNIT – IV:
Bio-Mass: Principles of Bio-Conversion, Anaerobic/aerobic digestion, types of Biogas
digesters, combustion characteristics of bio-gas, utilization for cooking, I.C. Engine
operation and economic aspects.

UNIT – V:
Geothermal Energy: Resources, types of wells, methods of harnessing the energy
Ocean Energy: OTEC, Principles utilization, setting of OTEC plants, thermodynamic
cycles.
Tidal and Wave Energy: Potential and conversion techniques, mini-hydel power
plants, and their economics.

207
UNIT – VI:
Energy Storage:
Electro Chemical Storage: lead-acid- nickel cadmium-nickel-metal-hydride and
lithium type batteries-Principle of operation, Types, Advantages and disadvantages.
Non-Electric Storage: Methods of Energy storage –Pumped Energy Storage –
Compressed air Energy Storage, Superconducting Magnet Energy Storage.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Non-Conventional Energy Sources, G. D. Rai, 6th Edition, Khanna Publishers, 2004
2. Non-Convention Energy Resources, B. H. Khan, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2017

REFERENCES:
1. Renewable Energy Sources, Twidell & Weir, 3rd Edition, CRC Press, 2015
2. Solar Energy, Sukhatme, 3rd Edition, McGraw Hill, 2008
3. Non-Conventional Energy, Ashok V. Desai, Wiley Eastern, 1990

208
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1ME05) 3D PRINTING AND DESIGN

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the need and know about the applications of 3D Printing
• To understand the need of liquid and solid based 3D Printing systems
• To know about the laser-based 3D Printing systems and importance of CAD for
3D Printing
• To understand post-processing, inspection and testing involved in 3D Printing

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Summarize the importance of 3D Printing
CO-2: Explain the process involved in liquid and solid based 3D Printing Systems
CO-3: Explain about the laser-based 3D Printing systems and CAD for 3D Printing
CO-4: Plan post-processing techniques and perform inspection and testing in 3D
Printing

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Introduction to 3D Printing, Classification, 3D Printing Process Chain,
Materials for 3D Printing, Distinction between 3D Printing & Conventional
Manufacturing.
Applications: Brief overview of applications in Aerospace, Automotive, Biomedical,
Defense, Construction, Jewelry, Coin and Tableware Industry.

UNIT – II:
Liquid Based 3D Printing Systems: Introduction, Principle, Processes and Applications
of Material Jetting and Stereolithography.

UNIT – III:
Solid Based 3D Printing Systems: Introduction, Principle, Processes and Applications
of Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) and Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM).

UNIT – IV:
Powder Based 3D Printing Systems: Introduction, Principle, Processes and
Applications of Selective Laser Sintering (SLS), Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP).

UNIT – V:
CAD for 3D Printing: CAD data formats, CAD model preparation, Part orientation
and support generation, Overview of 3D Printing softwares like MAGICS and MIMICS
only.

UNIT – VI:
Post Processing: Introduction, Post Processing Techniques like Support material
removal, Cleaning, Sanding and Polishing.
Inspection: Introduction, Significance, Inspection techniques like Dimensional
measurement along X, Y and Z axes, visual inspection of the surface finish (overall

209
aesthetics and intact features), flatness or warp check, and FOD (foreign objects or
debris) check.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: Rapid Prototyping to Direct Digital
Manufacturing, Ian Gibson, David W. Rosen, Brent Stucker, Springer, 2010
2. Rapid Prototyping: Principles and Applications, Chua C. K., Leong K. F., and Lim
C. S., 3rd Edition, World Scientific, 2010

REFERENCES:
1. Rapid Prototyping and Engineering Applications: A Toolbox for Prototype
Development, Liou L. W. and Liou F. W., CRC Press, 2007
2. Rapid Prototyping: Theory and Practice, Kamrani A. K. and Nasr E. A., Springer,
2006
3. Rapid Tooling: Technologies and Industrial Applications, Hilton P. D. and Jacobs
P. F., CRC Press, 2000
4. Rapid Prototyping, Gebhardt A. Hanser, Gardener Publications, 2003

210
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1EC09) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS FOR IOT

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Programming through C

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the basics of computing with embedded Systems
• To expose the students to various smart sensors
• To make the students familiar with the programming concepts of Embedded
development board
• To understand the basics of Internet of Things and Cloud of things

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Familiarize with architectural and programming issues of Embedded Systems
CO-2: Select proper smart Sensor for a specific measurement application
CO-3: Analyze various protocols for Internet of Things
CO-4: Apply Internet of Things to different applications in the real world

UNIT – I:
Embedded System Design: Numbering and Coding Systems, Digital Premier, Inside
the Computer
Embedded System: Definition, Characteristics of embedded computing
applications, Design challenges, Requirements, Specification, Architecture design,
Designing hardware and software components, system integration.

UNIT – II:
Smart Sensors & Applications: Introduction, Primary Sensors, Excitation, Amplification,
Filters, Converters, Compensation, Information Coding/Processing, Data
Communication, Standards for Smart Sensor Interface, the Automation.

UNIT – III:
Sensors Applications: Introduction, On-board Automobile Sensors (Automotive
Sensors), Home Appliance Sensors, Aerospace Sensors, Sensors for Manufacturing,
Sensors for environmental Monitoring.

UNIT – IV:
Micro Controller Board: Features of Arduino, Arduino components and IDE,
Interfacing: Seven Segment Display, Pulse Width Modulation, Analog Digital
Converter, Wireless connectivity to Arduino. Case study: From BT To WiFi: Creating
WiFi Controlled Arduino Robot Car.

UNIT – V:
Introduction to Internet of Things: Definition and Characteristics of IoT, Physical Design
of IoT, Logical Design of IoT, IoT enabled Technologies – Wireless Sensor Networks,
Cloud Computing, Big data analytics, Communication protocols, Embedded
Systems, IoT Levels and Deployment Templates, M2M, IoT vs M2M.

211
UNIT – VI:
Domain Specific Applications of IoT: IoT Design Methodology, Applications of IoT–
Home, Health, Environment, Energy, Agriculture, Industry and Smart City.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. The 8051 Microcontroller: Programming, Architecture, Ayala & Gadre, 3rd Edition,
Cengage Publications, 2008
2. Sensors and Transducers, D. Patranabis, 2nd Edition, PHI Learning Private Limited,
2013
3. Internet of Things: A Hands-On Approach, Vijay Madisetti, Arshdeep Bahga,
Universities Press, 2015

REFERENCES:
1. Embedded Systems: Architecture, Programming and Design, 2nd Edition, TMH
2. The 8051 Microcontroller and Embedded Systems: Using Assembly and C,
Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice Gillispie Mazidi, Rolin D. McKinlay, 2nd Edition, 2005
3. Internet of Things with Raspberry Pi and Arduino, Singh R., Gehlot A., Gupta L.,
Singh B., Swain M., Boca Raton, CRC Press, 2020

212
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS09) ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE – A BEGINNER’S GUIDE

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand and analyze the basic concepts of artificial intelligence
• To identify, explore the complex problem-solving strategies and approaches
• To analyze the concepts of basic concepts of neural networks and learning
process
• To explore and analyze the methodology used in machine learning and
computer vision

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand and apply the basic concepts of artificial intelligence and its use
cases. lives
CO-2: Explore the various search strategies and approaches for problem solving
CO-3: Correlate the fields related to AI, and articulate various learning paradigms
CO-4: Describe several issues and ethical concerns surrounding AI

UNIT – I:
Introduction to AI: What is AI-On Overview, History of AI, Applications and Examples
of AI, AI Concepts, Terminology, Key fields of AI. AI Issues, Concerns, and Ethical
Considerations.

UNIT – II:
AI as Search Process: On overview of Search Strategy. Types of Searches-
Uninformed, Informed, Bidirectional search, Heuristic search. Local search, Local
beam search, Adversarial Search.

UNIT – III:
AI as Knowledge Exploration: Introduction to Propositional Logic, Rules of Inference,
First Order Logic (FOL) Syntax, Semantics, Entailment, Tools to represent knowledge.

UNIT – IV:
AI as a Learning Task: Introduction to Learning, Learning types -Supervised,
Unsupervised, Reinforcement Learning, Machine learning, Deep Learning, The link
between AI, ML, DL.

UNIT – V:
AI as Neural Networks: Introduction to biological neural networks. Link between
biological neuron and artificial neuron. Architecture of artificial neural network,
Types of Neural networks-single layer, multilayer, Back propagation networks.

UNIT – VI:
The Future of AI: Computer Vision - Seeing the World Through AI, Bots - Conversation
as a Platform, AI and the society, AI in action-the Use Cases, Building AI Projects.

213
TEXT BOOKS:
1. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig, 3rd
Edition, Prentice Hall, 2010
2. Machine Learning, Tom M. Mitchell, McGraw Hill Publications
3. Neural Networks-A Comprehensive Foundation, Simon Haykin, 2nd Edition,
Pearson Education, 2004

REFERENCES:
1. Artificial Intelligence, Elaine Rich & Kevin Knight, 2nd Edition, TMH
2. Artificial Intelligence, A New Synthesis, Nils J. Nilsson, Elsevier
3. Artificial Neural Networks, Yegnanarayana B., PHI

214
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS10) BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGY ESSENTIALS

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To introduce and get the technological overview of blockchain technologies
• To Study the foundation of Blockchain Technology and demonstrate the various
types of Blockchain
• To explore the application area of Blockchain Technology
• To introduce smart contract, consensus algorithm and Security Mechanism
• Introduction to available platforms to implement Blockchain Technology

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand and explore the Blockchain Technology
CO-2: Describe smart contract concepts
CO-3: Explore different types of Blockchain
CO-4: Develop the platforms to implement Blockchain Technology

UNIT – I:
Fundamental of Blockchain Part I: Introduction to Centralized, Decentralized and
Distributed system, computer network peer to peer connection
Fundamental of Blockchain Part II: History of Blockchain, Various technical definitions
of Blockchain. Generic elements of a blockchain: Block, Transaction, Node, Why It’s
Called “Blockchain”, Characteristics of Blockchain Technology, Advantages of
blockchain technology, Limitations of blockchain as a technology

UNIT – II:
Concept of Blockchain Technology Part I: Applications of blockchain technology,
Tiers of blockchain technology Blockchain 0, Blockchain 1, Blockchain 2, Blockchain
3, Generation of Blockchain X, smart contract
Concept of Blockchain Technology Part II: Types of blockchain: Public blockchain,
private blockchain, hybrid blockchain, examples of Public, private, hybrid
blockchain and it merit and demerit.

UNIT – III:
Technical Foundations Part I: Component of block, Structure of Block chain,
Technical Characteristics of the Blockchain, genesis block, Nonce
Technical Foundations Part II: Cryptography, Hashing, Distributed database,
Consensus mechanisms, and basic of Cryptographic primitives, Technical
Characteristics of Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA), Digital signature.

UNIT – IV:
Consensus Algorithm: Proof of work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS), Byzantine Fault
Tolerance (BFT), Proof of authority (PoA), Confidentiality, Integrity, Authentication,
Permissioned ledger, Distributed ledger, Shared ledger, Fully private and proprietary
blockchains, Tokenized blockchains, Tokenless blockchains, CAP theorem and
blockchain

215
UNIT – V:
E-Governance and other contract enforcement mechanisms, Financial markets and
trading, Trading, Exchanges, Trade life cycle, Order anticipators, Market
manipulation.
Crypto Currency: Bitcoin, Bitcoin definition, Keys and addresses, Public keys in
Bitcoin, Private keys in Bitcoin, Bitcoin currency units

UNIT – VI:
Implementation Platforms: Hyperledger as a protocol, Reference architecture,
Hyperledger Fabric, Transaction Flow, Hyperledger Fabric Details, Fabric
Membership, Fabric Membership

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mastering Blockchain, Imaran Bashir, 2nd Edition, Packt
2. Blockchain Basic, Daniel Drescher, A Press

REFERENCES:
1. Blockchain For Dummies®, IBM Limited Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc

216
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1EI05) FUNDAMENTALS OF ROBOTICS AND DRONES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To classify by coordinate system and control system
• To acquire knowledge on different types Power Sources and Sensors
• To classify different types of Manipulators, Actuators and Grippers
• To acquire knowledge on kinematics and Vision systems used for different Robots
• To acquire knowledge on the basics of Drones

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Acquire knowledge on different types of Power Sources (actuators) and
Sensors, Manipulators, Actuators and Grippers
CO-2: Acquire knowledge on different applications of various types of robots
CO-3: Analyze the direct and the inverse kinematic problems and calculate the
manipulator dynamics
CO-4: Acquire knowledge on the applications of Machine Vision in Robotics
CO-5: Acquire Knowledge on the basics of Drones

UNIT – I:
Basic Concepts & Fundamentals: An overview of Robotics, classification of Robots,
Robot Components, Robot degrees of freedom, Robot Joints, Robot Coordinates,
Robot reference frames, Programming modes, Robot Characteristics.

UNIT – II:
Sensors and Actuators:
Sensors: Sensors characteristics, Position sensors, velocity sensors, acceleration
sensors, torque sensors, micro switches, lighten infrared sensors, touch and tactile
sensors, proximity sensors, range finders.
Actuators: Characteristics of activating system, comparison of activating system
Hydraulic devices, Pneumatic devices, electric motors, magneto-strictive actuators.

UNIT – III:
Manipulators and Grippers:
Grippers: Robot end effectors, Classification, drive system for Gripper, Mechanical
Grippers, Magnetic Grippers, Vacuum Grippers, Adhesive Grippers, Hooks, Scoops
and other Miscellaneous Devices, Gripper force Analysis and Gripper Design, Active
and passive Grippers.

UNIT – IV:
Kinematics: Matrix representation of translational and Rotational motion –
Homogeneous Transformation-DH representation of standard configuration Robots-
Inverse Kinematics. Joint space vs. Cartesian space-Basics of Trajectory planning in
joint and Cartesian space.

217
UNIT – V:
Robot Vision: Low level and High-level vision
Image acquisition, Illumination Techniques, Imaging Geometry, Some Basic
Relationships between Pixels, Segmentation, Description, Segmentation and
Description of 3-D Structures, Recognition, Interpretation.

UNIT – VI:
Basics of Drones: Theory behind how drones work, individual components that
makeup a drone, basic concepts involved radio-controlled model flying, building a
complete quad copter drone from scratch

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction To Robotics: Analysis, Control, Applications, Wiley, Saeed B. Niku, 2nd
Edition
2. Industrial Robotics, Technology Programming and Applications, Mikell P. Groover,
Nicholas G Odrey, Mitchel Weiss, Roger N. Nagel, Ashish Dutta, McGraw Hill, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Robotics Technology and Flexible Automation, Deb S. R., John Wiley
2. Robots and Manufacturing Automation, Asfahl C. R., John Wiley
3. Robotic Engineering–An Integrated Approach, Klafter. R. D., Chimielewski. T. A.,
Negin. M, Prentice Hall of India, New Delhi
4. Drones for Beginners, Udemy

218
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1IT08) FUNDAMENTALS OF CYBER SECURITY

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: Basic Knowledge of Computers, Basic Knowledge of

Networking and Internet

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To identify the key components of cyber security in network
• To describe the techniques in protecting Information security
• To define types of analyzing and monitoring potential threats and attacks
• To access additional external resources to supplement knowledge of cyber
forensics and laws

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand, appreciate, employ, design and implement appropriate security
technologies
CO-2: Demonstrate policies to protect computers and digital information
CO-3: Identify & Evaluate Information Security threats and vulnerabilities in
Information Systems
CO-4: Understanding computer forensics and analyzing them

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Introduction to Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity objectives, Cybersecurity
roles, Differences between Information Security & Cybersecurity, Cybersecurity
Principles - Confidentiality, integrity, & availability, Authentication & nonrepudiation,
The Trinity of IT Security (CIA), Computer Protocols, Cookies, The TCP/IP

UNIT – II:
Who are the cyber criminals, Classification of cybercrimes, E-mail Spoofing,
Spamming, Cyber defamation, Internet Time Theft, Salami Attack/ Salami Technique,
Data Diddling, Forgery, Web Jacking, Newsgroup Spam/ Crimes Emanating from
Usenet Newsgroup, Industrial Spying/Industrial Espionage, Hacking, Online Frauds,
Pornographic Offenses, Software Piracy, Computer Sabotage, E-mail Bombing/Mail
Bombs, UseNet Newsgroup as the Source of Cybercrimes, Computer Network
Intrusions, Password Sniffing, Credit Card Frauds, Identity Theft.

UNIT – III:
Cyber Offenses: How Criminals Plan Them: Introduction, Categories of Cybercrime,
How Criminals Plan the Attacks, Reconnaissance, Passive Attacks, Active Attacks,
Scamming and Scrutinizing Gathered Information, Attack (Gaining and Maintaining
the System Access), Social Engineering, Classification of Social Engineering, Cyber
stalking, Types of Stalkers, Cases Reported on Cyber stalking, How Stalking Works?,
Real-Life Incident of Cyber stalking, Cyber cafe and Cybercrimes,

UNIT – IV:
Security Threats: Introduction to security threats-Virus, Worms, Trojan horse, Bombs,
Trap Door, E-Mail Virus, Virus Life cycle, How virus works?, Malware, Network and
Services attack- Dos attacks, Types of Dos attacks, Methods of attacks, Examples of

219
attacks-SYN flooding, TCP flooding ,UDP flooding ,ICMP flooding ,Smurf, Ping of
death, Tear drop, Security threats to E-commerce-Electronic payment system, Credit
card/Debit cards, Smart cards, E- money, Electronic Fund Transfer, E-commerce
security System, Electronic Cash, Digital Signatures

UNIT – V:
Introduction to Computer Forensics: computer crimes, evidence, extraction,
preservation, etc. Overview of hardware and operating systems: structure of
storage media/devices; windows/Macintosh/ Linux -- registry, boot process, file
systems, file metadata. Data recovery: identifying hidden data,
Encryption/Decryption, Steganography, recovering deleted files. Digital evidence
controls: uncovering attacks that evade detection by Event Viewer, Task Manager,
and other Windows GUI tools, data acquisition, disk imaging, recovering swap files,
temporary &cache files, Computer Forensic tools, Network Forensic. Computer crime
and Legal issues: Intellectual property, privacy issues, Criminal Justice system for
forensic, audit/investigative situations and digital crime scene, investigative
procedure/standards for extraction, preservation, and deposition of legal evidence
in a court of law.

UNIT – VI:
Fundamentals of Cyber Law: Evolution of the IT Act, Genesis and Necessity , Salient
features of the IT Act, 2000, various authorities under IT Act and their powers,
Penalties & Offences, amendments, Impact on other related Acts Cyber Space
Jurisdiction - Jurisdiction issues under IT Act, 2000- Traditional principals of Jurisdiction
- Extra-terrestrial Jurisdiction- Case Laws on Cyber Space Jurisdiction Sensitive
Personal Data or Information (SPDI) in Cyber Law (a) SPDI Definition and Reasonable
Security Practices in India (b) Reasonable Security Practices – International
perspective

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Cyber Security- Understanding Cyber Crimes, Computer Forensics and Legal
Perspectives, Nina Godbole and Sunit Belpure, Wiley
2. Fundamentals of Cyber Security, Mayank Bhusan, Rajkumar Singh Rathore, Aatif
Jamshed, BPB Publications
3. Cyber Law & Cyber Crimes, Advocate Prashant Mali, Snow White Publications,
Mumbai

REFERENCES:
1. Computer Forensics and Cyber Crime: An Introduction, Marjie T. Britz, 3rd Edition,
2013
2. Digital Forensics with Open-Source Tools. Cory Altheide and Harlan Carvey,
Elsevier, 2011(ISBN: 978-1-59749- 586-8)
3. Network Forensics: Tracking Hackers Through Cyberspace, Sherri Davidoff,
Jonathan Ham Prentice Hall, 2012
4. Cyber Law in India, Farooq Ahmad, Pioneer Books
5. Information Technology Law and Practice, Vakul Sharma, Universal Law
Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd.

220
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1IT09) FUNDAMENTALS OF DATA SCIENCE

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To learn concepts, techniques and tools they need to deal with various facets of
data science practice, including data collection and integration
• To exploring data analysis, predictive modeling, descriptive modeling, data
product creation, evaluation, and effective communication
• To understand the basic knowledge of algorithms and reasonable programming
experience and some familiarity with basic linear algebra and basic probability
and statistics
• To identify the importance of recommendation systems and data visualization
techniques

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand basic terms what Statistical Inference means. Identify probability
distributions commonly used as foundations for statistical modeling. Fit a model to
data
CO-2: Discuss the significance of exploratory data analysis (EDA) in data science
and to apply basic tools (plots, graphs, summary statistics) to carry out EDA
CO-3: Apply basic machine learning algorithms and to identify common
approaches used for Feature Generation
CO-4: Analyze fundamental mathematical and algorithmic ingredients that
constitute a Recommendation Engine and to Build their own recommendation
system using existing components

UNIT – I:
Introduction: What is Data Science? - Big Data and Data Science hype – and
getting past the hype - Why now? – Datafication - Current landscape of
perspectives - Skill sets needed - Statistical Inference - Populations and samples -
Statistical modeling, probability distributions, fitting a model - Intro to R

UNIT – II:
Exploratory Data Analysis and the Data Science Process: Basic tools (plots, graphs
and summary statistics) of EDA - Philosophy of EDA - The Data Science Process -
Case Study: Real Direct (online real estate firm) - Three Basic Machine Learning
Algorithms-Linear Regression - k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN) - k-means

UNIT – III:
One More Machine Learning Algorithm and Usage in Applications - Motivating
application: Filtering Spam - Why Linear Regression and k-NN are poor choices for
Filtering Spam - Naive Bayes and why it works for Filtering Spam

UNIT – IV:
Data Wrangling: APIs and other tools for scrapping the Web - Feature Generation
and Feature Selection (Extracting Meaning From Data) - Motivating application: user

221
(customer) retention - Feature Generation (brainstorming, role of domain expertise,
and place for imagination) - Feature Selection algorithms – Filters; Wrappers;
Decision Trees; Random Forests

UNIT – V:
Recommendation Systems: Building a User-Facing Data Product - Algorithmic
ingredients of a Recommendation Engine - Dimensionality Reduction - Singular
Value Decomposition - Principal Component Analysis - Exercise: build your own
recommendation system - Mining Social-Network Graphs - Social networks as graphs
- Clustering of graphs - Direct discovery of communities in graphs - Partitioning of
graphs - Neighbourhood properties in graphs

UNIT – VI:
Data Visualization: Basic principles, ideas and tools for data visualization 3 - Examples
of inspiring (industry) projects - Exercise: create your own visualization of a complex
dataset - Data Science and Ethical Issues - Discussions on privacy, security, ethics - A
look back at Data Science - Next-generation data scientists

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Doing Data Science, Straight Talk From The Frontline. Cathy O’Neil and Rachel
Schutt, O’Reilly, 2014
2. Mining of Massive Datasets v2.1, Jure Leskovek, Anand Rajaraman and Jeffrey
Ullman, Cambridge University Press, 2014
3. Machine Learning: A Probabilistic Perspective, Kevin P. Murphy, 2013 (ISBN
0262018020)

REFERENCES:
1. Elements of Statistical Learning, Trevor Hastie, Robert Tibshirani and Jerome
Friedman, 2nd Edition, 2009 (ISBN 0387952845)
2. Foundations of Data Science, Avrim Blum, John Hopcroft and Ravindran Kannan
3. Data Mining and Analysis: Fundamental Concepts and Algorithms, Mohammed
J. Zaki and Wagner Miera Jr. Cambridge University Press, 2014
4. Data Mining: Concepts and Techniques, Jiawei Han, Micheline Kamber and Jian
Pei, 3rd Edition, 2011 (ISBN 0123814790)

222
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1AE05) INTRODUCTION TO ADVANCED VEHICLE TECHNOLOGIES

COURSE PRE-REQUISITES: None

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To understand the layout of an automobile and functionalities chassis elements
• To provide the concepts of automotive electrical systems and electric & hybrid
vehicles
• To present various intelligent automotive systems and levels of vehicle autonomy

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Explain the functionalities of automotive systems and subsystems
CO-2: Discuss the concepts of automotive electrical systems and electric & hybrid
vehicles
CO-3: Describe various intelligent automotive systems and levels of vehicle
autonomy

UNIT – I:
Introduction: Classification of automobiles, layout of an automobile and types of
bodies.
Automotive Chassis: Introduction to chassis systems - engine, cooling, lubrication,
fuel feed, ignition, electrical, driveline - clutch, transmission, propeller shaft,
differential, axles, wheels and tyres, steering, suspension and braking.

UNIT – II:
Engine: Working principle of four stoke and two stroke SI and CI engines, fuel system
– layout of petrol and diesel fuel systems, electronic fuel injection - multi-point fuel
injection, gasoline direct injection, common rail direct injection.

UNIT – III:
Electrical System: Simple automotive wiring diagram and components of electrical
system, starting system – starter circuit, standard Bendix and over running clutch
drive, charging system – alternator, cut-outs and regulators, ignition system -
conventional and electronic ignition system.

UNIT – IV:
Electric and Hybrid Vehicles: Electric vehicle – Layout, components, configurations,
advantages and limitations. Hybrid vehicle - Concepts of hybrid electric drivetrain
based on hybridization and powertrain configuration, architecture of series, parallel
and series-parallel hybrid electric drivetrains, modes of operation, merits and
demerits.

UNIT – V:
Intelligent Vehicle Systems: Automotive navigation, night vision, head-up display,
airbag, seat belt tightening system, immobilizers, adaptive cruise control, forward
collision warning, lane departure warning and anti-lock braking system.

223
UNIT – VI:
Autonomous Vehicles: Levels of automation, research, challenges, commercial
development, sensor systems, sensor suits, environmental challenges, graceful
degradation, V2V and V2I communication, sharing the drive, integrity, security,
verification and policy implications.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Advanced Vehicle Technology, Heinz Heisler, Butterworth Heinemann, 2002
2. Intelligent Vehicle Technologies: Theory and Applications, Ljubo Vlacic, Michel
Parent and Fumio Harashima, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford, 2001
3. Modern Electric, Hybrid Electric and Fuel Cell Vehicles: Fundamentals, Theory
and Design, Mehrdad Ehsani, Yimin Gao, Sebastien E. Gay and Ali Emadi, CRS
Press, 2004

REFERENCES:
1. Automotive Mechanics, Giri N. K., Khanna Publications, 2006
2. Automotive Electrical Equipment, Kohli P. L., Tata McGraw Hill Co., Ltd., New
Delhi, 1975
3. Electric and Hybrid Vehicles – Design Fundamentals, Iqbal Husain, CRC Press,
2010
4. Autonomous Vehicle Technology-A Guide for Policymakers, James M. Anderson,
Nidhi Kalra, Karlyn D. Stanley, Paul Sorensen, Constantine Samaras, Oluwatobi A.
Oluwatola, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica, Calif., 2016

224
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS12) INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH C#

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To create an integrated development environment for object-oriented C#
programs
• To build website menus with CSS and JavaScript
• To relate programming language constructs and problem solving techniques
• To analyze and Apply modifications to C# programs that solve real-world
problems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the fundamentals of HTML5 and define the styles for web pages
using CSS
CO-2: Create web pages and add dynamic behavior to web pages using
Javascript
CO-3: Communicate with the database using SQL
CO-4: Develop a simple CUI [Character User Interface] based application using C#
& SQL

UNIT – I:
Computer, Software Engineering Fundamentals & OOP: Introduction to Computer
Basics, Basics of Network, Networking Levels and Layers and Protocols, Protocol
Stacks, Networking and Internet Service, Software Engineering Fundamentals -
Overview of Requirement Analysis, Overview of Software Design, Overview of
Software Implementation, Overview of Testing, Overview of Software Maintenance,
Overview of Configuration management and version
Control, Agile Basics, OOP - Object Oriented Concepts, Objects and Classes,
Principles in Object-
Oriented technology
Usecase: Create a class for BankAccount

UNIT – II:
HTML & CSS: Introduction to Web Technology, Introduction to HTML5, HTML5
Elements, Semantic Elements, Table, List, Working with Links, Image Handling, Form-
Input Elements, HTML5 Form elements, HTML5 Attributes, Video & Audio, iframes, CSS
- Introduction to CSS3, CSS Syntax, CSS Styling, Text and Fonts properties, CSS
Selectors, Different color schemes, CSS Borders, CSS Margins, CSS Backgrounds
Use Case: Create a website for college

UNIT – III:
JavaScript, RDBMS Concepts and SQL: JavaScript basics, Functions in Javascript,
Javascript validation, Events, Javascript event handling, JavaScript Strings,
JavaScript Dates, Array in Javascript, Document Object Model (Window, Frame,
Navigator Objects), Working with Document Object (Its Properties and methods,
Cookie handling), Introduction to RDBMS Concepts, Introduction to SQL, Creating
and Managing Tables, Data Manipulation, Basic SQL SELECT Statements, Scalar &
Aggregate Functions, Joins & Subqueries, Views & Index

225
Use Case: Apply validations for Telephone Complaint Registration Form
Use Case: Create student table for College Management System(CMS)

UNIT – IV:
Introduction to C# Programming: Introduction to .NET Framework 4.5 - What is .NET
Framework, .NET Framework, Languages, and Tools, .NET Framework Major
Components, Common Language Runtime (CLR), Compilation and Execution in
.NET, Understand the .NET Framework 4.5stack, Exploring VS2017, Introduction to C#
6.0 - Features of C#, C# Compilation and Execution, General Structure of a C#
Program, Creating and Using a DLL
Use Case: Create a Console Application (.exe) project called CalcClientApp

UNIT – V:
Language Fundamentals of C#: Language Fundamentals - Keywords, Value Types
and Reference Types, Implicit and explicit type conversions, Boxing and Unboxing,
Enum, Operators and Assignments,Variables and Literals, Flow
Control: C# Control Statements, Nullable, Classes and Objects, Strings, Array,
Generic Collections
Use Case: Store employee objects using Generic Collections

UNIT – VI:
Basics of ADO.NET: Various Connection Architectures, Understanding ADO.NET and
its class library, Important Classes in ADO.NET, Connection Class, Command Class,
DataReader Class, DataAdapter Class, DataSet Class
Use Case: Implement ADO.NET classes that belong to both Connected and
Disconnected Architectures

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Web Programming, Building Internet Applications, Chris Bates, 2nd Edition, Wiley
Dreamtech
2. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education
3. Professional C# 2012 with .NET 4.5, Christian Nagel et al. Wiley India, 2012

REFERENCES:
1. Programming World Wide Web, Sebesta, Pearson
2. Internet and World Wide Web – How to Program, Dietel and Nieto PHI/Pearson
Education Asia
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Pro C# 2010 and the .NET 4 Platform, Andrew Troelsen, 5th Edition, A Press, 2010
5. Programming C# 4.0, Ian Griffiths, Matthew Adams, Jesse Liberty, 6th Edition,
O‟Reilly, 2010

226
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS13) INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH JAVA

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To create an integrated development environment for object-oriented Java
programs
• To build website menus with CSS and JavaScript
• To relate programming language constructs and problem solving techniques
• To analyze and Apply modifications to Java programs that solve real-world
problems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the fundamentals of HTML5 and define the styles for web pages
using CSS
CO-2: Create web pages and add dynamic behavior to web pages using
Javascript
CO-3: Communicate with the database using SQL
CO-4: Develop a simple CUI [Character User Interface] based application using
Java & SQL

UNIT – I:
Computer: Computer Fundamentals, Preface to Networks, Networking Levels, Layers
of Computer Networks, Protocol Stacks, Networking, and Internet Service
Software Engineering Fundamentals: Introduction, Requirements Collection &
Analysis, Fundamentals of Software Design, Software Implementation, Types of
Testing, Software Maintenance, Overview of Configuration management and
version Control Tools, Basics of Agile Process
Object Oriented Programming: Object Oriented Paradigm, Classes and Objects,
Principles in Object- Oriented technology
Use Case: Create a class for Bank Account

UNIT – II:
HTML: Introduction to Web Technology, HTML5 Introduction, HTML5 Elements,
Semantic Elements, Table, List, Links in HTML5, Handling of Images, Form Elements,
HTML5 Form elements and Attributes, Video & Audio, iframes
Style Sheets:
Introduction to CascadingStyleSheet3, CSS Syntax, CSS Styling, Text and Fonts
properties, CSS Selectors, Color schemes, CSS Borders, CSS Margins, CSS
Backgrounds
Use Case: Design a website for college

UNIT – III:
JavaScript: Introduction to JavaScript, JavaScript Functions, JavaScript validation,
Event handling in JavaScript, JavaScript Strings, JavaScript Dates, Array in
JavaScript, Document Object Model (Window, Frame, Navigator Objects),
Document Object (Its Properties and methods, Cookie handling),

227
RDBMS Concepts and SQL: Introduction to RDBMS Concepts, Introduction to SQL,
Creating and Managing Tables, Data Manipulation, Basic SQL SELECT Statements,
Scalar & Aggregate Functions, Joins & Subqueries, Views & Index
Use Case: Check the validations for Telephone Complaint Registration Form
Use Case: Create student table for College Management System (CMS)

UNIT – IV:
Introduction to Java: Java Environment, Java Fundamentals - Keywords, Primitive
Data Types, Operators and Assignments, Java’s Control Statements, Wrapper
Classes, Using Scanner Class, Strings - String Handling functions, Array - One
dimensional array, Array of Objects, Using Arrays class, variable length arguments
Use Case: To keep track of customers data who are buying products from a store

UNIT – V:
The Collection Framework: Lists – Array List, LinkedList, Stack, Vector, Set – HashSet,
Linked Hash Set, Tree Set, Map – HashMap, Linked HashMap, Hash table. Retrieving
Elements from Collections – Enumeration, Iterator, List Iterator, String Tokenizer –
Sorting using Comparable and Comparator.
Use Case: Store employee objects using collection framework

UNIT – VI:
JDBC: Overview of JDBC, JDBC Architecture, Types of JDBC Drivers. Process SQL with
JDBC - Create Connection, Query, Update
Use Case: Write the menu driven program using JDBC which will have following
options
a. Store
b. Display by id
c. Delete by id
d. Update salary by id
e. Exit

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Web Programming, Building Internet Applications, Chris Bates, 2nd Edition, Wiley
Dreamtech
2. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education
3. Big Java, Cay Horstmann, John Wiley and Sons, 2nd Edition

REFERENCES:
1. Programming World Wide Web, Sebesta, Pearson
2. Internet and World Wide Web – How to program, Dietel and Nieto PHI/Pearson
Education Asia
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Java How to Program, H. M. Dietel and P. J. Dietel, 6th Edition, Pearson
Education/PHI
5. Core Java 2, Vol. 1, Fundamentals, CayS. Horstmann and Gary Cornell, 7th
Edition, Pearson Education

228
 VNR VIGNANA JYOTHI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

B.Tech. L T/P/D C
3 0 3
(19OE1CS14) INTRODUCTION TO APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT WITH PYTHON

COURSE OBJECTIVES:
• To create an integrated development environment for object-oriented Python
programs
• To build website menus with CSS and JavaScript
• To relate programming language constructs and problem solving techniques
• To analyze and Apply modifications to Python programs that solve real-world
problems

COURSE OUTCOMES: After completion of the course, students should be able to

CO-1: Understand the fundamentals of HTML5 and define the styles for web pages
using CSS
CO-2: Create web pages and add dynamic behavior to web pages using
Javascript
CO-3: Communicate with the database using SQL
CO-4: Develop a simple CUI [Character User Interface] based application using
Python & SQL

UNIT – I:
Concepts of Networks, Overview of Software Engineering & OOP: Computer Basics,
Network basics, Networking Levels, Layers and Protocols, Protocol Stacks,
Networking and services of Internet
Software Engineering lifecycle - Overview of Requirement Analysis, Software Design,
Implementation of software, Outline of Testing, Maintenance, Configuration
management and version Control, Agile fundamentals
OOP - Object Oriented Concepts, OOP Principles
Use Case: Create a class for Employee Account

UNIT – II:
Introduction to Web Technology: Overview of Web Technology, Introduction to
HTML5, HTML5 Elements, Semantic Elements, Table, List, Links, Image Handling, Form-
Input Elements, HTML5 Form elements, HTML5 Attributes, Video & Audio, iframes,
CSS - Introduction to CSS3, CSS Syntax, CSS Styling, Text and Fonts properties, CSS
Selectors, Different color schemes, CSS Borders, Margins, Backgrounds
Use Case: Create a website for an institution

UNIT – III:
Outline of JavaScript, RDBMS Concepts and SQL: JavaScript basics, Functions
,validations, Events, handling events ,Strings, Dates, Arrays, DOM(Window, Frame,
Navigator Objects), Document Object -Properties and methods, handling of
Cookies,
RDBMS Concepts, SQL, Management of Tables, Manipulation of tables, SQL SELECT
Statements, Scalar & Aggregate Functions, Joins &Sub queries, Views & Index
Use Case: Apply validations for Telephone Complaint Registration Form
Use Case: Create student table for College Management System (CMS)

229
UNIT – IV:
Introduction to Python: Introduction, Features of Python, Versions, Keywords and
Identifiers, Statements & Comments, Variables, Datatypes, Type Conversion, I/O and
import, Language Fundamentals - Operators, Namespace, Modules in Python,
Python DateTime
Use Case: Develop an application using Python for accepting your personal details
and display the same

UNIT – V:
Classes and Objects: Classes and Objects in Python? Advantages of Using Classes
in Python, Defining a Class in Python, Creating an Object in Python, The self,
The_init_() function in Python, class and instance variables, Python Inheritance and
its Types, Strings, Lists, Sets, Tuples, Dictionary
Use Case: Store employee objects using various data structures

UNIT – VI:
Advance Concepts in Python: Array - What is an Array, Difference between Array
and List in Python, Creating an Array, Accessing a Python Array Element, Basic
Operations of Arrays, Functions - Creating a Function, Calling a Function, Pass by
reference vs value, Required arguments, Keyword arguments, Default arguments,
Variable-length arguments, The Anonymous Functions, The return Statement, Global
vs. Local variables, Modules - What is a Module?, Create a Module, Use a Module,
Variables in Module, Naming a Module, Renaming a Module, Built-in Modules, Using
the dir() Function, Import From Module, Packages, NumPy
Use Case: Develop an application for Hospital Management System(HMS)

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Web Programming, Building Internet Applications, Chris Bates, 2nd Edition, Wiley
Dreamtech
2. Introduction to Database Systems, C. J. Date, Pearson Education
3. Python Programming: A Modern Approach, Vamsi Kurama, Pearson

REFERENCES:
1. Programming World Wide Web, Sebesta, Pearson
2. Internet and World Wide Web – How to Program, Dietel and Nieto, PHI/Pearson
Education Asia
3. Database Development and Management, Lee Chao, Auerbach Publications,
Taylor & Francis Group
4. Core Python Programming, W. Chun, Pearson
5. Introduction to Python, Kenneth A. Lambert, Cengage

230