Color Ip2
Color Ip2
• The color spectrum can be divided into six broad regions: violet, blue,
green, yellow, orange, and red.
• The different colors in the spectrum do not end abruptly but each
color blends smoothly into the next.
• Radiance is the total amount of light that flows from a light source
(measured in Watts).
• Luminance gives a measure of the amount of energy an observer
perceives from a light source (measured in lumens).
• Brightness is a subjective descriptor that is impossible to measure.
• Cones in the retina are responsible for color perception in the human
eye.
• Six to seven million cones in the human eye can be divided into three
categories: red light sensitive cones (65%), green light sensitive cones
(33%) and blue light sensitive cones (2%). The latter cones are the
most sensitive ones.
X
x=
X +Y + Z
Y
y=
X +Y + Z
Z
z=
X +Y + Z
• Naturally, x + y + z = 1.
Chromaticity diagram
• Another approach to specifying colors is via the CIE chromaticity
diagram, which represents color composition by means of x (red) and
y (green) values.
• Points inside this region represent some mixture of the pure colors.
• As a point leaves the boundary and moves towards the center, more
white light is added to the color and it becomes less saturated.
• The chromaticity diagram can be used for color mixing, since a line
joining two points in the diagram represents all the colors that can be
obtained by mixing the two colors additively.
• A line joining the point of equal energy to any point on the boundary
represents different shades of that color.
• This is consistent with the remark made earlier that the three pure
primary colors by themselves cannot produce all the colors (unless we
change the wavelengths as well).
• The triangular region shown in the figure below represents the typical
range of colors (gamut of colors) produced by RGB monitors.
• The irregular region inside the triangular region represents the color
gamut of modern high-quality color printers.
• Most color models in use today are either based on hardware (color
camera, printer) or on applications involving color manipulation
(computer graphics, animation).
• The RGB (red, green, blue) color system is used mainly in color
monitors and video cameras.
• Mainly used for hardware such as color monitors and color video
camera.
• The primary colors red, green, and blue correspond to three corners of
the cube, whereas the secondary colors cyan, magenta, and yellow
correspond to three other corners. Origin (0,0,0) represents black and
(1,1,1) represents white.
• When fed to into an RGB monitor, these three images combine on the
phosphor screen to produce a composite color image.
• For example, if eight bits are used to represent each of the primary
components, each RGB color pixel would have a depth of 24 bits.
This is usually referred to as a full color image.
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• Although high-end monitors can display true 24-bit colors, more
modest display devices are limited to smaller (typically 256) set of
colors.
• These 26 = 216 colors have become de facto standard for safe colors,
especially in internet applications. They are commonly used,
whenever it is desired that the colors viewed by most people appear
the same.