Higher Nationals

Internal verification of assessment decisions – BTEC (RQF)

INTERNAL VERIFICATION – ASSESSMENT DECISIONS
Programme title BTEC Higher National Diploma in Computing

Assessor Internal Verifier

Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Unit(s)
Online Library Management System
Assignment title
Student’sname
List which assessment Pass Merit Distinction
criteria the Assessor has
awarded.
INTERNAL VERIFIER CHECKLIST
Do the assessment criteria awarded
match those shown in the assignment Y/N
brief?

Is the Pass/Merit/Distinction grade awarded

justified by the assessor’s comments on the Y/N
student work?
Has the work been assessed
Y/N
accurately?
Is the feedback to the student:
Give details:

• Constructive?
Y/N
• Linked to relevant assessment
criteria? Y/N

• Identifying opportunities for

improvedperformance?
Y/N

• Agreeing actions? Y/N

Does the assessment decision need

Y/N
amending?
Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier signature Date

Programme Leader signature(if
Date
required)

P a g e 1 | 49
R.P.K.C.S. Anuradha| Unit 10 | Web Design &
Development
 Confirm actioncompleted
Remedial actiontaken

Give details:

Assessor signature Date

Internal Verifier
Date
signature
Programme Leader
Date
signature(ifrequired)

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Higher Nationals - SummativeAssignment FeedbackForm
Student Name/ID
UnitTitle Unit 10: Website Design & Development
Assignment Number 1 Assessor
Date Received 1st
Submission Date
submission
Date Received 2nd
Re-submission Date
submission
Assessor Feedback:

LO1. Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites.
Pass, Merit & P1 P2 M1 M2 D1
Distinction Descripts
LO2. Categorise website t echnologies, tools and software used to develop websites.

Pass, Merit & P3 P4 M3 D1

Distinction Descripts

LO3. Utilise website techn ologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
Pass, Merit &
Distinction P5 P6 M4 D2
Descripts

LO4. Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.
Pass, Merit & Distinction P7 M5 D3
Descripts

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

ResubmissionFeedback:

Grade: Assessor Signature: Date:

Internal Verifier’s Comments:

Signature & Date:

* Please note that grade decisions are provisional. They are only confirmed once internal and external moderation has taken place and grades decisions have
been agreed at the assessment board.

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Pearson
Higher Nationals in
Computing
Unit 10: Web Design and Development
Assignment 01

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General Guidelines
1. A Cover page or title page – You should always attach a title page to your assignment. Use previous page as
your cover sheet and be sure to fill the details correctly.
2. This entire brief should be attached in first before you start answering.
3. All the assignments should prepare using word processing software.
4. All the assignments should print in A4 sized paper, and make sure to only use one side printing.
5. Allow 1” margin on each side of the paper. But on the left side you will need to leave room for binging.

Word Processing Rules

1. Use a font type that will make easy for your examiner to read. The font size should be 12 point, and should
be in the style of Time New Roman.
2. Use 1.5 line word-processing. Left justify all paragraphs.
3. Ensure that all headings are consistent in terms of size and font style.
4. Use footer function on the word processor to insert Your Name, Subject, Assignment No, and Page
Number on each page. This is useful if individual sheets become detached for any reason.
5. Use word processing application spell check and grammar check function to help edit your assignment.

Important Points:
1. Check carefully the hand in date and the instructions given with the assignment. Late submissions will not be
accepted.
2. Ensure that you give yourself enough time to complete the assignment by the due date.
3. Don’t leave things such as printing to the last minute – excuses of this nature will not be accepted for failure
to hand in the work on time.
4. You must take responsibility for managing your own time effectively.
5. If you are unable to hand in your assignment on time and have valid reasons such as illness, you may apply
(in writing) for an extension.
6. Failure to achieve at least a PASS grade will result in a REFERRAL grade being given.
7. Non-submission of work without valid reasons will lead to an automatic REFERRAL. You will then be asked to
complete an alternative assignment.
8. Take great care that if you use other people’s work or ideas in your assignment, you properly reference
them, using the HARVARD referencing system, in you text and any bibliography, otherwise you may be guilty
of plagiarism.
9. If you are caught plagiarising you could have your grade reduced to A REFERRAL or at worst you could be
excluded from the course.

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Student Declaration

I hereby, declare that I know what plagiarism entails, namely to use another’s work and to present it as my own
without attributing the sources in the correct way. I further understand what it means to copy another’s work.

1. I know that plagiarism is a punishable offence because it constitutes theft.

2. I understand the plagiarism and copying policy of the Edexcel UK.
3. I know what the consequences will be if I plagiaries or copy another’s work in any of the assignments for this
program.
4. I declare therefore that all work presented by me for every aspects of my program, will be my own, and where
I have made use of another’s work, I will attribute the source in the correct way.
5. I acknowledge that the attachment of this document signed or not, constitutes a binding agreement
between myself and Edexcel UK.
6. I understand that my assignment will not be considered as submitted if this document is not attached to the
attached.

Student’s Signature: Date:

(Provide E-mail ID) (Provide Submission Date)

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Assignment Brief
Student Name /ID Number

Unit Number and Title Unit 10- Web Design and Development

Academic Year 2017/2018

Unit Tutor

Assignment Title Online Library Management System

Issue Date

Submission Date

IV Name & Date

Submission Format:

Unit Learning Outcomes:

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing
websites.
LO2 Categorise website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites.
LO3 Utilise website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a multipage
website.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website.

Assignment Brief and Guidance:

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 Assignment Brief

Borrowing books, returning books or viewing the available books at the Library of the Lowa State
University is currently done manually.
Online Library Management System supports to overcome the above-mentioned problems. This system
would be used by members who may be students or professors of that University to check the availability
of the books and borrow the books., The librarian can update the member details and the book lending
details.
Online Library Management System will include the following information.
 The librarian, students and the professors can register and login to the system
 Any of the above users can update their profile details including the password
 The authorized users can reserve a book for 24hours
 The authorized users can check book availability
 The librarian can check the member status and update the lending details (If the book is for the
lending)
 The system allows the Librarian to create the books catalog, add/delete books and maintain the
books catalog.
 The librarian can update the book return details
 The librarian can calculate the fine for the late returns if necessary
 The users can search the books according to the categories (Novels, Frictions, etc.)

Task 1 - Server technologies and management services associated with hosting and managing websites
(LO1)

1.1 Differentiate the communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
1.2 Define the types of DNS and the uses of it, with clarifications on how domain names are structured.
1.3 Analyze the effect of search engines on website performance. Provide evidence-based support for
improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
1.4 Identify and explain the common web development technologies and frameworks. Explain the
tools and techniques chosen to the web application and hence justify, by giving reasons, why a web
application is suitable for the given scenario.

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Task 2 - Categories website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites (LO2)

2.1 Define the relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how the
front-end and the back-end relate to presentation and application layers.
2.2 Critically compare the different between online website creation tools and custom-built sites.
Consider Followings: design flexibility, performance, functionality, User Experience (UX) and
User Interface (UI).
2.3 Compare and contrast the tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom-built web
Applications.

Task 3 - Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to create a
multipage website (LO3)

3.1 Design a suitable web application solution for the given scenario. Provide evidences of the design,
multipage website supported with fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user requirements.
Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards and guidelines to produce a branded,
multipage website supported with realistic content.
Note - Synthesize client and the server-side functionalities in the proposed design

3.2 Implement the designed system using PHP, JS and MySQL. Screenshots of important code lines with
proper comments and user interfaces filled with sample data must be attached to the
documentation. Apply a database design for the proposed system and provide the well normalized
database design of the proposed system.

3.3 Critically evaluate the web design and development process against your design document and
analyse any technical challenges you faced in development.

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Task 4 - Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage website
(LO4)

4.1 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was implemented during your
design and development stages.
QA process is expected to discover design issues and development errors while testing a
product’s user interface (UI) and gauging the user experience (UX).
4.2 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of the overall success of your
multipage website; use this evaluation to explain any areas of success and provide justified
recommendations for areas that require improvement.
4.3 Prepare a user documentation to properly guide the users of the implemented system.
Note: User documentation should be simple and understandable by anyone. Use screenshots and
provide stepwise guidance.

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 Grading Rubric
Grading Criteria Achieved Feedback

LO1 Explain server technologies and management services associated with

hosting and managing websites

P1 Identify the purpose and types of DNS, including explanations on how

domain names are organized and managed.

P2 Explain the purpose and relationships between communication

protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server software
with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.
M1 Evaluate the impact of common web development technologies and
frameworks with regards to website design, functionality and
management.
M2 Review the influence of search engines on website performance and
provide evidence-based support for improving a
site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.
D1 Justify the tools and techniques chosen to realize a custom built
website.

LO2 Categories website technologies, tools and

software used to develop websites

P3 Discuss the capabilities and relationships between front-end and back-

end website technologies and explain how these relate to presentation
and application layers.
P4 Discuss the differences between online website creation tools and
custom built sites with regards to design flexibility, performance,
functionality, User Experience (UX) and User Interface (UI).

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M3 Evaluate a range of tools and techniques available to design and
develop a custom built website.
LO3 Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques
with good design principles to create a multipage
website

P5 Create a design document for a branded, multipage website supported

with medium fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user
requirements.
P6 Use your design document with appropriate principles, standards and
guidelines to produce a branded, multipage website supported with
realistic content.
M4 Compare and contrast the multipage website created to the design
document.
D2 Critically evaluate the design and development process against your
design document and analyse any technical challenges.
LO4 Create and use a Test Plan to review the
performance and design of a multipage website

P7 Create a suitable Test Plan identifying key performance areas and

use it to review the functionality and performance of your website.
M5 Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was
implemented during your design and development stages.
D3 Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of
the overall success of your multipage website; use this evaluation to
explain any areas of success and provide justified recommendations for
areas that require improvement.

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 Observation Sheet

Activity Activity Learning Feedback

No Outcome (Pass/ Redo)
1 Explain server technologies and LO1
management services
associated with
hosting and managing websites.
2 categorize website technologies, LO2
tools and software used to
develop
websites.
3 Utilize website technologies, LO3
tools and techniques with good
design
principles to create a multipage
website.
4 Create and use a Test Plan to LO4
review the performance and
design of a
multipage website.

Comments:

Assessor Name :…………………………………………….

Date :…………………………………………….
Assessor Signature :…………………………………………….

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 Acknowledgement

I would like to acknowledge

my dear parents
and
lectures
who supported me
both morally and technically.
Also my special thanks to
class fellows
who helped me in
clarification of any issue.

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Table of Contents

Task 1..........................................................................................................................................20
Server technologies and management services associated with hoisting and managing websites
.................................................................................................................................................... 20
Task 1.1.......................................................................................................................................20
Differentiate the communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web server
software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website...................................20
Communication Protocols...........................................................................................................20
Server hardware..........................................................................................................................20
Operating systems software........................................................................................................20
Web server software...................................................................................................................21
Task 1.2.......................................................................................................................................21
Define the types of DNS and the uses of it, with clarifications on how domain names are
structured....................................................................................................................................21
Zone Master Server.....................................................................................................................21
Primary Master Server................................................................................................................21
Secondary Slave Server..............................................................................................................22
Zone Transfer..............................................................................................................................22
Caching-Only Name Server........................................................................................................22
Root Server.................................................................................................................................22
Forwarding Server......................................................................................................................23
Task 1.3.......................................................................................................................................23
Analyze the effect of search engines on website performance. Provide evidence-based support
for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization......................23
Task 1.4.......................................................................................................................................24
Identify and explain the common web development technologies and frameworks. Explain the
tools and techniques chosen to the web application and hence justify, by giving reasons, why a
web application is suitable for the given scenario......................................................................24
Angular.......................................................................................................................................24
YII...............................................................................................................................................24
Meteor JS....................................................................................................................................24
Zend............................................................................................................................................24
Django.........................................................................................................................................24
Laravel........................................................................................................................................25
Task 2 - Categories website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites 25
Task 2.1.......................................................................................................................................25

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Define the relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain how
the front-end and the backend relate to presentation and application layers..............................25
Task 2.2.......................................................................................................................................26
Critically compare the different between online website creation tools and custom built sites.26
Table 1 : online website creation tools and custom-built sites...................................................27
Task 2.3.......................................................................................................................................27
Compare and contrast the tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom-built
web Applications........................................................................................................................27
Fireworks....................................................................................................................................27
Dreamweaver..............................................................................................................................27
Panic Coda..................................................................................................................................27
Task 3 - Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to
create a multipage website.......................................................................................................28
Task 3.1.......................................................................................................................................28
Design a suitable web application solution for the given scenario. Provide evidences of the
design, multipage website supported with fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and user
requirements................................................................................................................................28
Software requirement for Online Library Management System Project....................................28
Task 3.2.......................................................................................................................................34
Implement the designed system using PHP, JS and MySQL. Screenshots of important code
lines with proper comments and user interfaces filled with sample data must be attached to the
documentation.............................................................................................................................34
Task 3.3.......................................................................................................................................36
Critically evaluate the web design and development process against your design document and
analyze any technical challenges you faced in development......................................................36
Task 4.1.......................................................................................................................................37
Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was implemented during your
design and development stages...................................................................................................37
Task 4.2.......................................................................................................................................38
Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of the overall success of
your multipage website; use this evaluation to explain any areas of success and provide
justified recommendations for areas that require improvement.................................................38
Task 4.3.......................................................................................................................................39
Prepare a user documentation to properly guide the users of the implemented system.............39
Task 4.3.1....................................................................................................................................39
Program Documentation.............................................................................................................39
Task 4.3.2....................................................................................................................................39
Procedure Design........................................................................................................................39
Task 4.3.3....................................................................................................................................40

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Operating the system..................................................................................................................40
Task 4.3.4....................................................................................................................................40
Output design and Input design..................................................................................................40
Task 4.3.5....................................................................................................................................40
Home Page..................................................................................................................................40
Task 4.3.6....................................................................................................................................41
Admin/User Login......................................................................................................................41
Task 4.3.7....................................................................................................................................42
Add Books..................................................................................................................................42
Task 4.3.8....................................................................................................................................42
Add User.....................................................................................................................................42
Task 4.3.9....................................................................................................................................43
Book Borrow...............................................................................................................................43
Task 4.3.10..................................................................................................................................44
Database Design.........................................................................................................................44
Task 4.3.11..................................................................................................................................44
User Table...................................................................................................................................44
Task 4.3.12..................................................................................................................................45
Borrow Details table...................................................................................................................45
Task 4.3.13..................................................................................................................................45
Book table...................................................................................................................................45
5.0 Reference............................................................................................................................47

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List of Tables

Table 1 : online website creation tools and custom-built sites...................................................27

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List of Figures

Figure 1: Screenshot of Admin...................................................................................................29

Figure 2 : Screenshot of Admin Dashboard................................................................................29

Figure 3 : Screenshot of Manage Profile....................................................................................30

Figure 4 : Screenshot of Manage Profile....................................................................................30

Figure 5 : Screenshot of Manage Profile....................................................................................31

Figure 6 : Screenshot of category listing....................................................................................31

Figure 7 : Screenshot of Book Listing........................................................................................32

Figure 8 : Screenshot of Add Book............................................................................................32

Figure 9 : Screenshot of Book Issued Listing.............................................................................33

Figure 10:Screenshot of Book Issued Listing.............................................................................33

Figure 119: screenshot for user table..........................................................................................44

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Task 1
Server technologies and management services associated with hoisting and managing
websites

Task 1.1
Differentiate the communication protocols, server hardware, operating systems and web
server software with regards to designing, publishing and accessing a website.

Communication Protocols

Communication protocols and applications are in fact what drives a virtual business. Protocols
are, in short, sets of hardware/software rules that communication end-points must follow in
order to exchange some sort of information. Starting from e-mail, other Internet services, Web-
based technologies, videoconferencing technology, transactions oriented applications such as
EDI and electronic commerce, together with both hardware and software communication
protocols, these applications enable companies to organize virtual business. Communication
applications usually come in pairs with software protocols that enable them. For virtual
enterprises, the following combinations are the most important: TCP/IP-Internet, e-mail/SMTP,
Web/HTTP-HTML, WAP (Wireless Application Protocol).

Server hardware

Server hardware is a computer that stores web server software and a website's component files.
It is connected to the Internet and supports physical data interchange with other devices
connected to the web.

Operating systems software

Microsoft Windows NT Server, Microsoft Windows 2000 or 2003 Server products, Linux, or
one of several UNIX-based operating systems, Microsoft server products are simpler for
information systems staff to learn and use than UNIX-based systems. UNIX based Web servers
are more popular, and many users believe that UNIX is a more secure operating system

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Web server software

Web server software: Server software is a type of software that is designed to be used,
operated and managed on a computing server. Or Used by a server computer to make files and
programs available to other computers Other programs-Internet utilities -Email software a web
server includes several parts that control how web users access hosted files, at minimum an
HTTP server. An HTTP server is a piece of software that understands URLs (web addresses)
and HTTP. It can be accessed through the domain names (like mozilla.org) of websites it stores
and delivers their content to the end-user's device.

Task 1.2
Define the types of DNS and the uses of it, with clarifications on how domain names are
structured.

DNS servers store information about these domain names and their corresponding DNS
records. DNS records hold information regarding the address, web host, domain registrant,
active name servers, and the like. Whenever the request for information regarding a specific
IP address/computer is made, the DNS server responds with the relevant information, by
fetching the same from its database. Domain Name System translates the computer's domain
name into an IP address that is used TO locate a computer in large networks.

DNS servers are classified based on the functions they perform. Different functions, like
forwarding the query, answering it, look-up in the database, etc., can be performed by a single
server in different zones. DNS servers are categorized as mentioned below.

Zone Master Server

As the name suggests, the zone master server is the authoritative server. It will have a database
of all the data associated with a zone. This data is available on two servers, namely the primary
master server, and the secondary slave server. Whenever particular information is requested,
the network/zone computers consult the master server.
Primary Master Server

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The primary master server has the master copy of the domain data, and this master data is
loaded onto the disk when its operation starts. This is the main server which is referred to when
relevant data is needed; changes to the database can be made in this server's zone data.

Secondary Slave Server

In case there is a breakdown or failure of the master server, the secondary slave server provides
the relevant information. Thus, slave name servers are backup servers for the master servers. If
the master server has delegated authority to the secondary server, customers can directly
contact these servers, instead of the master servers.

Zone Transfer

The method of duplication of DNS servers is known as DNS zone transfer. The slave server
requests for data duplication from the main server. The portion of data which is duplicated onto
the slave server is known as 'zone'. The secondary server first requests data from the primary
server' and keeps looking for any data updates in the primary server. This process of sending
recently updated zone data to the secondary server by the primary server is known as 'zone
transfer'.

Caching-Only Name Server

The caching-only server stores results of the queries that are made. The next time this
information is needed, the server fetches it immediately instead of waiting. These servers are
not authorized for any domains, and they only perform queries. This information is stored in
the cache and reused whenever needed. These servers cannot perform zone transfers.

Root Server

DNS servers that are authoritative for the root domain is root domain servers. These servers are
needed to be used for DNS namespace, i.e., the entire DNS domain structure. This process of
converting to an IP address is known as resolving. The basic role of a root name server is to
answer the requests for namespace and redirect these requests to top level domain name
servers. These root servers publish the contents of root zone files onto the Internet.

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Forwarding Server

These servers are also known as proxy, client, or remote servers. These servers forward all
requests to other DNS servers, and cache the results. They are mostly used in off-site locations,
where all the off-site queries reach this server first, and it then forwards the queries to other
DNS servers. These servers act as a single point management for the entire server network.
Authoritative DNS servers are handed over the responsibility of assigning domain names and
mapping them into IP addresses. These servers delegate authority over the other name servers
in the domain, and the queries are answered. These different types of DNS servers are
commonly found for the World Wide Web, email, and active directory. Telnet and SSH use
DNS servers for remote access to UNIX systems as per Bhat, S., Bevans, M.& Sengupta, S.
(2002)

Task 1.3
Analyze the effect of search engines on website performance. Provide evidence-based
support for improving a site’s index value and rank through search engine optimization.

Search engines play a critical role in online search as more than half of all visitors to websites
tend to arrive there from a search engine and 91% of users report that they always or most of
the time find the information they are seeking when they use search engines. Therefore,
optimizing the website to improve its ranking in the search engine result page (SERP) is crucial
for today, particularly for SMEs which cannot afford other marketing channels to enhance their
business visibility. A recent survey indicates that many users believe that companies whose
websites appear at the top of SERPs are the top companies in that field. This kind of ranking
schema has also been verified in a study, which investigated how car buyers perceived the best
fuel-efficient car on a SERP. When the test car, Honda, was placed in the first position on the
SERP, users perceived it as more fuel efficient; however, when Honda was not placed in the
first page, users did not perceive it to be important.
Search engine optimization (SEO) service is an essential organization service that can improve
an SME’s market exposure with relative ease. Search engines have become an important
channel for increasing global reach as well as competing with larger companies. Two types of
marketing activities can be conducted through search engines. One is through paid
sponsorships advertising, where companies pay to have their website links displayed in the
“sponsored section” of a SERP. The other is through search engine optimization. SEO involves
a series of different methods to improve the ranking of a website through organic searches on
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SERPs.

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Task 1.4
Identify and explain the common web development technologies and frameworks.
Explain the tools and techniques chosen to the web application and hence justify, by
giving reasons, why a web application is suitable for the given scenario.

Angular

Angular is one of the latest web technologies designed specifically for developing dynamic
web applications. With this framework, you can easily create front-end based applications
without needing to use other frameworks or plugins. The features include well-made templates,
MVC architecture, code generation, code splitting etc.

YII
Yii is an open-source web application development framework built in PHP5. It is performance
optimized and comes with a number of great tools for debugging and app testing.

Meteor JS
Meteor JS is written in Node.js and it makes it possible for you to create real-time web
applications for different platforms. The framework for creating simple websites for personal
use really stand out with Meteor JS.

This is an open-source isomorphic JavaScript web framework which also means that the
webpage loading time is significantly shorter. JavaScript stack also makes it possible to get the
same results with fewer lines of code than usually.

Zend
Zend is an open-source framework based on PHP, focused on building more secure and reliable
web apps and services.

Django
Django is one of the most popular frameworks written in Python and follows the MVC
architecture. It makes the app development process much easier thanks to its simplicity.

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Laravel
Laravel is a PHP development framework ideal for small websites. It comes with several useful
features including the MVC support, object-oriented libraries, Artisan, authorization technique,
database migration etc.

Task 2 - Categories website technologies, tools and software used to develop websites

Task 2.1
Define the relationships between front-end and back-end website technologies and explain
how the front-end and the backend relate to presentation and application layers.

The front-end is everything involved with what the user sees, including design and some
languages like HTML and CSS. There are a lot of different jobs associated with the front-end. a
lot of these titles are subjective, and while front-end developer may mean something at one
company, it can mean something completely different at another company. A common front-
end job title is "web designer." A web designer could just be someone who designs the sites in
a program like Photoshop or Fireworks and will never touch the code. But in another location,
a web designer could do all the design comps in Photoshop, and then be responsible for
creating all the HTML and CSS to go along with it. A User Interface Designer is basically a
visual designer and is generally focused on design. They're not usually involved in the
implementation of the design, but they might know light HTML and CSS so they can
communicate their ideas more effectively to the developers. A front-end designer or developer
can create a site without any back-end development. The sites they would create without a web
developer, or using the backend, is a static site as per Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. K., & Mead,
M. (1987). Specific front- end languages like "JavaScript developer" are also considered front-
end developers where the back-end, or the "server-side", is basically how the site works,
updates and changes. This refers to everything the user can't see in the browser, like databases
and servers. Usually people who work on the back-end are called programmers or developers.
Back-end developers are mostly worried about things like security, structure and content
management. They usually know and can use languages like HTML and CSS, but that's not
their focus. Back-end developers, or at least back-end development, is required to create a
dynamic site. A dynamic site is a site that's constantly changing and updated in real-time. Most
sites are dynamic sites, as opposed to static sites. Facebook, Google Maps and this blog are all
considered dynamic sites. Blogs are dynamic sites, since their content is constantly changing
and updating. A dynamic site requires a database
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to work properly. Web developer’s work with programming languages like PHP or .Net, since
they need to work with something the database understands. The code they write communicates
with the server and then tells the browser what to use from the database.

Task 2.2

Critically compare the different between online website creation tools and custom built
sites.

Online website creation tools Custom-built sites

Functionality can be limited in template There are no limitations on graphics and

sites. Adding e-commerce and other kinds of functionality. If you can imagine it, a custom
custom applications is difficult or impossible site can be programmed to do it.
in template sites.
Template sites are quite fast to Custom-built sites are flexible and can
implement. Again, this is because much of grow with you. When working with a
the coding is done. A template site can template site, you may have to start over in
generally be launched in a matter of weeks, the event of major changes. It’s much easier
depending on the complexity of what you to add new features to a custom site.
want, a custom
site will take significantly longer.
You are limited on how much you can The website will have a completely unique
customize the site. What you see is what you design that will incorporate the company’s
get. May not 100% work on all devices branding and will be based around the needs
of your business. The site is tested to work
across
all browsers.
Lots of other businesses can could be using The website will have a completely unique
the same template which means your site design that will incorporate brand.
won’t stand out as much.
Templates have a shorter development time. The process to create a custom site
takes longer than a template site.

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 Some templates are not built to be search The site will be built to be search engine
engine friendly. They need to be customized friendly.
to fit your business.

Table 1 : online website creation tools and custom-built sites.

Task 2.3
Compare and contrast the tools and techniques available to design and develop a custom-
built web Applications.

Fireworks

Adobe Fireworks is a commercial raster and vector graphics editor hybrid from Adobe that’s
available for the Mac and Windows operating systems. Designed specifically for web
designers, Fireworks brings you a plethora of tools and options that make full web layout
prototyping a breeze.

Among its notable features are: “slices” for slicing and dicing a design mockup into
HTML/CSS for rapidly creating prototypes, the ability to package an entire site design as a
PDF with clickable components for interactive and impressive site prototypes, and
optimization tools for making your web graphics as lightweight as possible.

Dreamweaver

Adobe Dreamweaver is a commercial application for web development that’s available for the
Mac and Windows operating systems. Its featured-packed suite of tools and options include
syntax highlighting and very smart Code Hinting, a built-in FTP client, project management
and workflow options that make teamwork effortless, and Live View which shows you a
preview of your source code.

Panic Coda

Panic Coda is a shareware web development application for the Mac OS X operating system. It
seeks to reduce the amount of applications such as an FTP client, CSS editor, a version control
system, etc. Coda’s one-window web development philosophy uses a tabbed interface for text

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editing, file transfers, SVN, CSS, and even “Books” which embeds web books that are
searchable.

Photoshop

Adobe Photoshop is a very popular commercial graphics editor available for the Mac and
Windows operating system. Created for professional photographers and designers, it is the
ideal application for manipulating images and creating web graphics.

Firefox Developer

Firefox Developer Edition is a version of Firefox specifically for web developers. As a

developer, you have access to all their DevTools. Its many features include analyzing and
debugging, building and designing with CSS Grid, HTML inspector, style editor among many
other tools to provide the greatest assistance with your web development needs.

Task 3 - Utilize website technologies, tools and techniques with good design principles to
create a multipage website

Task 3.1
Design a suitable web application solution for the given scenario. Provide evidences of the
design, multipage website supported with fidelity wireframes and a full set of client and
user requirements.

Software requirement for Online Library Management System Project

Online Library Management System is made with PHP, MySQL. It will run on Apache Server.
Check below for details.

 Operating System – Windows/Linux/Unix / MacOS

 Programming language – PHP 5.4.0
 Database Server – MySQL 5.0

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 Figure 1: Screenshot of Admin

Figure 2 : Screenshot of Admin Dashboard

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Figure 4 : Screenshot of Manage Profile

Figure 3 : Screenshot of Manage Profile

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Figure 5 : Screenshot of Manage Profile

Figure 6 : Screenshot of category listing

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Figure 7 : Screenshot of Book Listing

Figure 8 : Screenshot of Add Book

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Figure 9 : Screenshot of Book Issued Listing

Figure 10:Screenshot of Book Issued Listing

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Task 3.2
Implement the designed system using PHP, JS and MySQL. Screenshots of important
code lines with proper comments and user interfaces filled with sample data must be
attached to the documentation.

Accessing Database This system was connected to the database through the specifications of
sql_config.php. Include sql_config.php when in use, and the syntax of connecting database is
as follows:

<?php
$dbhost='localhost';// Database server
$dbuser='username';//$_SESSION["username"];//Database username
$dbpass="password";//$_SESSION["password"];// Database password
$dbname='library';// Database name @mysql_pconnect($dbhost,$dbuser,
$dbpass) or die(“cannot connect to server!");
//echo ("config");
@mysql_select_db($dbname) or die("cannot select database!");
?>
The web server will check the hostname, username and password of database server while
connecting to it. After successfully connected, the server will check the name of selected
database and search for the values of tables.

Figure 11 : Screenshots of Enums and Constants: Here are the required enums, data types,
and constants

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Figure 12: Screenshot of Account, Member, and Librarian: These classes represent various
people that interact with our system.

Figure 13: Screenshot of Book Reservation, Book Lending, and Fine - These classes represent a
book reservation, lending, and fine collection.

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 Task 3.3
Critically evaluate the web design and development process against your design
document and analyze any technical challenges you faced in development.

There are five biggest challenges that website creation entails.

1. Accessibility
The very first challenge in website creation is to make your website as much accessible as
possible. Web accessibility can be defined as the practice of making websites accessible for
people of various backgrounds, abilities and disabilities. To create a website which is
accessible, you need to design and develop it in a way that all users have an equal access to the
information, functionality and features of the site.
2. Compatibility
The next very important but sadly one of the most overlooked aspects of website creation is
compatibility. Webmasters need to plan out an effective browser testing schedule. To test your
website for compatibility according to Adamic, L. A., & Huberman, B. A. (1999).
A compatibility test will include the following –
a) Plan out a testing schedule
b) Select what to test
c) Choose pages that want to test
d) Pick a testing platform
e) Initiate the test
f) Review results and retest

3. Navigability
The navigational structure of the website is a big challenge for webmasters and web designers.
In fact, navigability is the most important aspect of website design. An effective navigational
structure of the website enhances usability.
4. Readability
Readability refers to the practice of delivering the write up in a way that enhances ease of
reading. While creating a great website, you should focus on making it readable for all users,
regardless of their backgrounds and age groups.
A website’s readability includes three essential aspects

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a) Typeface
b) Layout or Design
c) Colors

5. Usability
The success of website creation depends on whether it conforms to the usability guidelines. In
terms of usability, website should be easy to use, and the information should be easy to retrieve
for users.

Task 4 - Create and use a Test Plan to review the performance and design of a multipage
website
Task 4.1
Evaluate the Quality Assurance (QA) process and review how it was implemented during
your design and development stages.

1. Functional Testing
Type of quality assurance for websites that consider software behavior, based on system
specification. Its most serious advantage exists in the simulation of actual website application.
Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the output, while internal program
structure is rarely considered. Functional testing usually describes what the library system
does.

2. Maintenance Testing
Testing type which is performed on the software during enhancement, change, or a migration
cycle to other hardware. Testing is done on software that is already deployed. This testing
type which verifies that previously developed and tested software still performs without errors
after it was changed.

3. Performance Testing
One of the most important steps in website quality control testing, the use of this test site
improvement excludes the possibility of site overload and guarantees uninterrupted work
during peak loads.

4. Usability Testing
Carried out in order to demonstrate the ease of use of user interface. It determines whether the
application or the product built is user-friendly. It is divided into two types:
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 (i) User interface testing- product is checked in according compliance with the
requirements of practicality for users. The main goal is to evaluate how convenient
the interface is, including navigation effectiveness and the degree of information
perception by user.
(ii) Cross-platform testing-Specialized testing type that allows the determination of
product behavior in various environments to verify its suitability to work on
multiple platforms. The platform can include various OSs and devices that will be
necessary to run your solution.

3. Code Review and Quality Analysis

Systematic software source-code review in order to detect and fix errors, which went
unnoticed in the initial development phase. The main goal of this review is software quality
improvement.

4. Compatibility Testing
Software testing type used to ensure product compatibility with various other objects such as
web browsers, platforms, users Oss, etc. This testing type helps ascertain how successful the
system performs in an environment that includes the hardware, network, OS, and other
software.
5. Website Security Testing
Assess vulnerability of software to various attacks types. Computer systems are often
targeting for illegal penetration.

Task 4.2
Critically evaluate the results of your Test Plan and include a review of the overall
success of your multipage website; use this evaluation to explain any areas of success
and provide justified recommendations for areas that require improvement.

Computer technology has transformed so many sectors especially the Educational

sector in no small measure. To foster technology driven education, a Library
Management System has been developed to manage all library operations such as borrowing,
returning of books etc. Proper analysis and assessment of the designed system it can be safely
that the system is an efficient, usable and reliable Library Management System. It
is working properly and adequately meets the minimum expectations that were for it initially.
The new system is expected to give benefits to the users and staff in terms of efficiency in the

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Usage of library system

As Recommendations,
I hereby suggest the following,
1. University Library should be developed to work on any platform.
2. Diagrammatic representation as a lecturing aid should be included in a University Library
3. University library should be developed to support audio, video and a diagrammatic
aid to learning.

Task 4.3
Prepare a user documentation to properly guide the users of the implemented system.
Task 4.3.1
Program Documentation
For the proposed system to be used on any computer system it takes the following ways:
i. Boot the system.
ii. Install the WAMP server.
iii. Turn server on (Active).
iv. Copy the folder to www inside WAMP folder of the drive C: after WAMP server is
installed on the system.
v. Open any browser on the system (Microsoft internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox,
Netscape Navigator, Opera, Flock, Safari etc.)
vi. Type http://localhost/fuoyelms/index.php on the address bar and press the return key or
enter key.

Task 4.3.2
Procedure Design
This refers to the step by step method of using the proposed system. The proposed system
comprises of Administrator and the general user environment. The steps to use the proposed
System is as follows:
i. On the address bar of any browser type http://localhost/fuoyelms/index.php
ii. You are prompted to supply the username and password this verifies that you are a
registered user and has the privileged to use the library system otherwise you cannot
access the library

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iii. If the username and password supplied are correct as that of a user you are prompted
with the home page with the list of available documents which you can borrow or
return based on choice.
iv. The username and password are in two formats as an administrator as well as a user.
v. As an administrator you are to type http://localhost/fuoyelms/admin/index.php on the
address bar.
vi. As an administrator you are prompted with the administrator page where the back
end of the library exercise is carried out.

Task 4.3.3
Operating the system
The system developed requires the user to be trained by the programmer, this will enable the
user to be familiar with the modules contained in the program and the function of each
modules in the system are expected to be explained in detail by the programmer. Before
running the program, the application discussed above must be installed on the personal
computer (PC) and launched buy the user.

Task 4.3.4
Output design and Input design
The output to be extracted from the proposed system are as shown below.

Task 4.3.5
Home Page
This is the first interface of the library management system, it provides the basic page where
user and admin can click on to access the library system.
The home, about, admin user and sections are entailed in this page. Both the admin and the
users of the library can access the home page of the library as it has been authorized and
authenticated for use.

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 Figure 14: screenshot for homepage

Task 4.3.6
Admin/User Login
For the admin login, the admin can log in with his /her own username and password while for
the user login, a given user must have to be registered before getting the access to have the
username and password to use the library.

Figure 15: screenshot for admin/user login

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Task 4.3.7
Add Books
Here, only the admin has the authorized access to add a book to the library shelf.
The user has no access to this. The library admin more like the librarian can add new books
To the library as much as possible for the user to borrow and use.

Figure 16: screenshot for add books

Task 4.3.8
Add User
Here the admin can add a new user of the library, by registering the user needed information
to use the library. Information such as the username, required password, matriculation
number, department and level are required by the admin from the user to get registered as a
library user.
After being added as a user, the user can then have his/her login such as the username and
Password to get access to the library system.

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 Figure 17: screenshot for add user

Task 4.3.9
Book Borrow
Here the user of the library after being registered can borrow a book in the library.
A user of the library is restricted to borrowing only three books at a time.

Figure 18: Screenshot for book borrow.

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Task 4.3.10
Database Design
This refers to the tables used in the proposed system. The database design for the proposed
system is as shown below.

Task 4.3.11
User Table
The user table entails the user id, username, password, first name, last name, matriculation
number, department and level.

Figure 119: screenshot for user table.

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Task 4.3.12
Borrow Details table

Figure 20: screenshot for borrow details

Task 4.3.13
Book table

Figure 21: screenshot for book table.

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Task 4.3.14
Member table

Figure 22: screenshot for member table.

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5.0 References

i. Adamic, L. A., & Huberman, B. A. (1999). Growth dynamics of the world wide web.
Nature, 401(6749), 131.
ii. Benbasat, I., Goldstein, D. K., & Mead, M. (1987). The Case Research Strategy
in Studies of Information Systems. MIS Quarterly, 11(3), September 369-385.
iii. Bhat, S., Bevans, M.& Sengupta, S. (2002), Measuring Users’ Web Activity to Evaluate
and Enhance Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of Advertising, 31, Fall,97–106.
iv. Bhatnagar, A. & Ghose, S. (2004). A Latent Class Segmentation Analysis of E-
Shoppers. Journal of Business Research, 57, 758-767

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Gantt chart

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