Structural Report

Of

Design of Residential Building

at Ramkot, Nepal

(Using NBC 105:2020)

Prepared By
MANIFEST PVT. LTD.
RAMKOT,NEPAL

30 JULY 2022
To whom it may concern
This report comprises the summary of the structural design of Residential Building.
The report consists of design procedures adopted, assumptions made, and the input
assign in the design and design summary. During design it is assumed that the client
will completely followed the architectural as well as the structural design. It is also
assumed that the construction will be supervised by a professional engineer.
The designer will not be responsible if any alteration or change to the structural
system is made by the client or contractor without the prior permission from the
designer, or the alteration to the non-structural system is made such that the weight of
each individual floor or the weight of the whole building is altered by more than 10%
of the design weight of the floor and the total weight.
The design calculations and derivations are limited to only to let the concerned people
know the methodology adopted. However, the calculation may be provided to the
client or the concerned authorities when needed, upon request.

Designer:

…………………………
Er..
NEC
Table of Contents
1 Introduction........................................................................................................1
1.1 General................................................................................................................1
1.2 Assumptions........................................................................................................1
1.3 Salient Features....................................................................................................2
1.3.1 Project Information..........................................................................................2
1.3.2 Building Features.............................................................................................2
1.3.3 Site Condition..................................................................................................5
2 Analysis Technology and Methodology...........................................................6
2.1 General................................................................................................................6
2.2 Codes and Standard used.....................................................................................7
2.3 Software Used.....................................................................................................7
3 Analysis...............................................................................................................9
3.1 Material properties...............................................................................................9
3.1.1 Concrete...........................................................................................................9
3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel.........................................................................................9
3.2 Section Properties.................................................................................................9
3.3 Loadings............................................................................................................10
3.3.1 Load Cases.....................................................................................................10
3.3.2 Load Combination...........................................................................................10
3.4 Estimation of Load............................................................................................11
3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)..............................................................................11
3.4.2 Live Load.......................................................................................................13
3.4.3 Seismic Load..................................................................................................15
4 Analysis Output...............................................................................................19
4.1 Seismic Coefficient Method..............................................................................19
4.2 Response Spectrum Method..............................................................................20
4.3 Modal time period and mass participation.........................................................21
4.4 Storey Drift........................................................................................................21
4.5 Torsional Irregularity.........................................................................................22
4.6 Static Accidental Eccentricity............................................................................22
5 Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)..........................................24
5.1 Design of Slab...................................................................................................24
5.1 Design of Slab....................................................................................................25
5.2 Design Sample Output of Frames......................................................................28

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5.2.1 Design of Beam..............................................................................................29
5.2.2 Design of Column..........................................................................................33
5.3 Design of Footing..............................................................................................37
5.3.1 Input Data.......................................................................................................37
5.3.2 Super Structural Joint Reactions.....................................................................37
5.3.3 Footing Analysis............................................................................................41
5.4 Critical Checks..................................................................................................44
6 References.........................................................................................................47

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List of Figure
Figure 1: Plan of Building (Ground Floor)................................................................3
Figure 2: X-Section of Building...................................................................................4
Figure 3: 3D-Model of Building..................................................................................7
Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load) on Grid A-A....................................................13
Figure 5: Area Load (Live Load) on Floor Slab.....................................................14
Figure 6: Design Output in Frame along Grid 1-1..................................................28
Figure 7: Design Output in First Floor....................................................................29
Figure 8: Joint Level and Forces..............................................................................41
Figure 9: Column Beam Capacity (>1.2)...................................................................45

iii | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

List of Table
Table 1: Effective stiffness of different components.................................................9
Table 2: Load Cases....................................................................................................10
Table 3: Load Combination........................................................................................11
Table 4: Unit Weight of Materials............................................................................11
Table 5: Live Load for Office Building....................................................................13
Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load....................................................................15
Table 7: Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient as per NBC 105:2020.................16
Table 8: Fundamental Time period..........................................................................19
Table 9: Seismic coefficient and base shear.............................................................20
Table 10: Modal time period and mass participation.............................................21
Table 11: Storey Drift Calculations..........................................................................21
Table 12: Torsional irregularity................................................................................22
Table 13: Eccentricity Calculation............................................................................23
Table 14: Sample Summary of Design of Beam (Grid 6).......................................32
Table 15: Summary of Design of Column...............................................................36
Table 16: Summary of Design of Footing................................................................41
Table 17: Footing Schedule.......................................................................................42

iv | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

1 Introduction
1.1 General
This report summarizes the structural analysis and design of special moment resistant
RC framed building. It has planned to utilize the building for residential purpose. The
structural analysis in this building considers ground floor plus one storeys and stair
cover. The aim of design is the achievement of an acceptable probability that
structures being designed will perform satisfactorily during their intended life. With
an appropriate degree of safety, they should sustain all the loads and deformations of
normal construction and use and have adequate durability and adequate resistance to
the effects of misuse and fire. Structural Analysis of the concerned building has been
done in details with analysis and designs software.

The analysis and design has been based on the prevailing codes that are in practice in
Nepal, the National Building Code of Nepal (NBC 2020) and the IS code at places if
required. This report consists of the design procedures adopted, the assumptions
made, the inputs made in the design and the design output.

1.2 Assumptions
The following assumptions are taken into consideration in the seismic resistant
analysis and design of structures:

Adequate supervision and quality systems are provided during execution of

the works.
Construction is carried out by personnel having the appropriate skill and
experience.
Construction materials and products confirm to the pertinent codes and
specifications.
The structure is adequately maintained.
The structure is used in accordance with the design brief.
An earthquake is not likely to occur simultaneously with maximum flood,
wind, waves or tides.
Resonance as visualized under steady state sinusoidal excitation will not
occur, as the small duration of earthquake is not enough to build up resonance
amplitudes. Subsoil does not considerably settle or slide due to earthquake at
the site of structure.

This report is divided into three chapters. Chapter one begins with introductions and
general description Chapter two comprises the numerical modeling, analysis and
design; Chapter three presents the summary and recommendations.

1 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 1.3 Salient Features
1.3.1 Project Information

Type of building : Residential Building

Location : Ramkot,Nepal

Plinth Area : sq. m. (Ground Floor Area)

1.3.2 Building Features

The building has some special features which are listed below:

Block Residential Building

Type of Building : Special RC Moment Resisting

Frame Shape : Rectangular Shape

Walls : Brick Masonry Walls

Footing Type : Isolated and Strap Foundation

Depth of foundation : Min’m 1.524 m below ground level

Dimension (m) L 6.38m (Ground Floor)

(center to center) B 7.87 m (Ground Floor)

Storey Height (m) : 3.048 m

Total Height (m) : 10.571 m (including staircover.)

No of Storey : Ground + One Storey +Staircase Cover

2 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Figure 1: Plan of Building (Ground Floor)

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 Figure 2: X-Section of Building

(For more detail refer architectural drawing)

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1.3.3 Site Condition

Type of soil : Type D, Soft Soil

Allowable bearing
pressure : 100 kN/m2

Seismic Zone Factor : 0.35 as per NBC 105:2020 (Kathmandu Valley)

5 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

2 Analysis Technology and Methodology
2.1 General
After completion of Architectural design, the layout of columns and beams are done
without affecting the Architectural functions of building so far. Structure is modeled
using finite element method. A three-dimensional beam element having 12 DOF with
6 DOFs at each node were used for modeling beams and columns in the building,
while 24DOFs shell element with 6 DOFs at each node were used to model slab wall.

The structure is analyzed by the linear elastic theory to calculate internal actions
produced by anticipated design loads. The analysis is carried out using state of art
three dimensional structural analysis programs like ETABS 2017. The design loads
considered as per the relevant codes of practice comprise dead load due to permanent
structures, live load due to occupancy of the structure and seismic load due to
anticipated earthquake possible at the proposed location. A number of load
combinations are considered to obtain the maximum values of design stresses.

Following considerations is made during modeling, analysis and design.

 The structures are Special Reinforced Concrete Moment Resisting Frame

(SMRF). Beams, columns and RC walls are considered as the structural load
resisting elements. Although non-structural components like wall plaster, infill
walls, floor finishing etc. has comes effects on structural performance, they are
considered only as loading.
 M20 grade of concrete is used for all structural elements.
 Centre-line dimensions are followed for modeling, analysis and design.
 Floor slabs are assumed to be rigid in their own plane. The slab action has
been modeled by rigid floor diaphragms. Slabs are also considered in
modeling. Slab is modeled as shell element.
 Beam and columns are modeled as frame elements.
 The main beams rest centrally on columns to avoid local eccentricity.
 Foundation is assumed to be fully rigid at the plinth level.
 The beam-column joint is not modeled in detail.
 Preliminary sizes of structural components are assumed by experience.
 Seismic loads were considered acting in the horizontal direction (along either
of the two orthogonal directions of building) and not along the vertical
direction, since it is not considered to be significant for design of structural
members. Suitable load combinations as suggested by NBC 105:2020 are
used.

6 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Figure 3: 3D-Model of Building

2.2 Codes and Standard used

For the structural analysis and design, the following codes and standard are followed:

 IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

 IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures
 IS 1893-2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures,
 IS 13920-2016 Code of practice for ductile detailing of reinforced concrete
structures subjected to seismic forces
 NBC 105 -2020 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
 NBC Nepal Building Code

2.3 Software Used

The following software is used for the structural analysis and design.

ETABS 2016 V 18.0.1 For analysis and design of the structures

For structural modeling of the present building, ETABS software was used. ETABS is
a special purpose finite element analysis and design program developed specifically
for

7 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

building systems. With ETABS, models are defined logically floor-by-floor, column-
by-column, bay-by-bay and wall-by-wall and not as a stream of non-descript nodes
and elements as in general purpose programs. The software has very powerful
numerical methods, design procedures and international design codes, all working
from a single comprehensive database. At its core, it utilizes the same analysis engine
as used by SAP2000.

Among others, ETABS can do model generation, seismic and wind load generation,
finite element-based linear and non-linear static and dynamic analysis, concrete frame
design (column and beam) and shear wall design.

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3 Analysis
3.1 Material properties
3.1.1 Concrete
All super structure components of plain and reinforced concrete are M20 grade as
specified in design.

Modulus of Elasticity [Ec] = 5000 √fck N/mm2 (Cl. 6.2.3.1, IS 456:2000)

= 22360 N/mm2 for M20 Grade Concrete

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.2

Unit Weight = 25 KN/m3

Characteristic Strength [ƒck] = 20 N/mm2 for M20 Grade Concrete

The structural design strength is derived from the characteristic strength multiplied by
a coefficient 0.67 and divided by the material partial safety factor. The partial factor
for concrete in flexure and axial load is 1.5.

3.1.2 Reinforcement Steel

Characteristic strength of high yield steel is taken as 500 Mpa (TMT) for main
longitudinal and shear rebar and material partial safety factor is to be 1.15.

Modulus of Elasticity [Es] = 2x105 N/mm2

Poisson’s Ratio [U] = 0.3

3.2 Section Properties

The preliminary sizes of beam, column, and slab were chosen based on experience.
And structural sizes were analyzed and final following sizes were considered for
design and structural detailing.

Beam : 230 x 350 M20 (Main Beam)

Column : 350 x 350 M20

Slab Thickness : 130mm (Floor Slab)

During the analysis, beam and column are modeled as frame elements whereas slabs,
walls are modeled as area element.

For the analysis, the effective stiffness of cracked section has taken as per NBC
105:2020, as given in Table 1 below.

Table 1: Effective stiffness of different components

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 S No. Component Flexural Stiffness Shear Stiffness
1 Beam 0.35 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
2 Columns 0.70 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw
3 Wall-Cracked 0.50 Ec Ig 0.40 Ec Aw

3.3 Loadings
The following considerations are made during the loading on the structural model:

 The loads distributed over the area are imposed on the area element and the
loads distributed over the length are imposed on the frame elements whenever
possible.
 Where such loading is not possible, equivalent conversion to different loading
distribution is carried to load the model near the real case as far as possible.
 For lateral load, necessary calculations are performed to comply with the
requirements of NBC 105:2020.

3.3.1 Load Cases

The following load cases are used for the loading during analysis.

Table 2: Load Cases

Load Name Load Type Description Unit Remarks

DL Dead Self-weight kN/m2
Wall S. Dead Wall Load kN/m On beam
FL S. Dead Floor Finish Load kN/m2 On slab
Live<3 Live Imposed Load kN/m2 On floor slab
Live>3 Live Imposed Load kN/m2 On floor slab
EQX_ULT Quake NBC 105:2020 Ultimate
EQY_ULT Quake NBC 105:2020 Ultimate
RSX_ULT Quake NBC 105:2020 Ultimate
RSY _ULT Quake NBC 105:2020 Ultimate

3.3.2 Load Combination

The load combinations are based on NBC 105:2020 cl. 3.6. The following load
combinations are specified as per NBC 105:2020.

Static Load Combination:

1.2DL + 1.5LL

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 Seismic Load Combination:

DL + 0.3LL + RSX / RSY

The following load combinations are used during analysis

Table 3: Load Combination

S.N Name Type

1 1.2DL + 1.5LL 1.2DL + 1.5LL
2 DL + 0.3LL+RSX_ULT DL + 0.3LL+EQx
3 DL + 0.3LL+RSY_ULT DL + 0.3LL-EQx

3.4 Estimation of Load

The loads on the building are based on Indian codes of Practices. The unit weight of
different structural and non-structural elements are derived from IS 875 Part 1 and
presented in Table 4. The load calculations are based on actual measured drawings.
The self-weight of beams, columns and slabs are calculated by the program. Similarly
the imposed loads are applied on the slab as area load in kN/m2 and values of imposed
loads are tabulated in Table 5 below.

 The weight of infill walls is calculated and applied on beams as line weight in
kN/m.
 Partition wall load are assigned as uniformly distributed area load in slab as
area load in kN/m2.
 Floor finishing load are assigned as area load in slab.
 Single type of Live load is assigned in each panel of slab.
 A frame load is applied as parapet loading on the exterior frame of the roof
level.
 The roof is assumed accessible and loaded with roof live load as per Indian
Standard, IS 875 -1987(part2) but this load is not considered during seismic
load.

3.4.1 Unit Weight (Dead Load)

Dead loads for analysis are calculated as per Indian Standard, IS 875 -1987(part1).
Unit weights of different material used are given below.

Table 4: Unit Weight of Materials

S.N Type Value

1 Reinforced Concrete 25.0 kN/m3
2 Brick Masonry 19.2 kN/m3

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 3 Screed 21.00 kN/m3
4 Marble 26.70 kN/m3
5 Plaster 20.4 kN/m3

A. DEAD LOAD CALCULATION

1 Unit Weights of materials

Brick masonry 19.20 kN/m3
Screed 21.00 kN/m3
Reinforced Concrete 25.00 kN/m3
Marble 26.70 kN/m3
Cement plaster 20.40 kN/m3

2 Heights of Beams, Walls & Parapet Walls

Depth of Beam 0.35 m

Height of Building 3.048 m

Height of Parapet Wall 1.000 m
Wall thickness 0.230 m

3 Dead Loads of Walls

a) Dead load of 230 mm thick wall 13.6kN/m

Dead load of 230 mm thick wall with 20 % opening 10.88 kN/m
Dead load of 230 thick wall with 30 % opening 9.52 kN/m
Dead load of 230 thick wall with 50 % opening 6.38 kN/m
b) Dead load of 115 mm thick wall 6.8 kN/m
Dead load of 115 mm thick wall with 20 % opening 5.4 kN/m
Dead load of 115 thick wall with 30 % opening 4.76 kN/m

C) Dead load of parapet wall (230 mm thick) 4.83 kN/m

4 Floor Loads
Thickness of slab 0.13 m
Thickness of tile with plaster 0.025 m
Thickness of Marble 0.020 m
Thickness of Screed 0.040 m
Thickness of Cement Plaster 0.0125 m

Dead load of structural slab 3.25 kN/m2

Dead load of Tile 0.510 kN/m2

Dead load of Marble 0.534 kN/m2
Dead load of screed 0.840 kN/m2
Dead load of Cement Plaster 0.255 kN/m2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Tile) 1.35 kN/m2
Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Marble) 1.63 kN/m2

12 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Total dead load of Floor Finishes (Cement Punning) 1.10 kN/m2
Light weight partition wall 1.00 kN/m2

Note: Partition wall load are calculated and applied as line load on corresponding slab
at wall position.

Figure 4: Frame Load (Wall Load) on Grid A-A

3.4.2 Live Load

The magnitude of live load depends upon the type of occupancy of the building.
These are to be chosen from code IS875:1987(part II) for various occupancies. The
live load distribution varies with time. Hence each member is designed for worst
combination of dead load and live loads. Live loads for office building are given
below.

Table 5: Live Load for Residential Building

S.N Area type Load Unit

1 Bedroom 2 kN/m2
2 Kitchen, Cafeteria 2 kN/m2

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 S.N Area type Load Unit
3 Balcony 5.0 kN/m2
4 Staircase, Passage 3 kN/m2
5 Toilet, Bathroom 2.0 kN/m2
6 General Store 3.0 kN/m2
14 Terrace (Accessible) 1.5 kN/m2
15 Terrace (Inaccessible) 0.75 kN/m2

Figure 5: Area Load (Live Load) on Floor Slab

14 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

3.4.3 Seismic Load
I. Seismic Coefficient Method

The seismic load is applied to the building with auto lateral load pattern (User
coefficient) in ETABS 2017 as per NBC 105:2020. This load case is assumed static
linear and all the necessary data are given as per the following conditions.

To determine the seismic load, it is considered that the site lies in the seismic zone of
Kathmandu valley according to NBC 105:2020. The soil type is considered as very
soft Soil Site with 5% damping to determine spectral shape factor. The building is
analyzed as moment resisting frame with consideration of infill wall. Therefore, the
fundamental time period Ta is obtained by using the following formula:

Approximate Time Period, T1 = 𝐾𝑡𝐻0.75 [Cl.5.1.2, NBC105:2020]

The approximate fundamental time period is increased by amplification factor of 1.25

as per Cl. 5.1.3.

Other factors considered for seismic load calculations are as follows

Zone factor, Z = 0.35 for Kathmandu [Table 4.5, Cl. 4.1.4, IS 105:2020]
Importance factor, I = 1.0 [Table 4.6, Cl. 4.1.5, NBC 105:2020]
Ductility Factor, R [Table 5.2, Cl. 5.3, NBC 105:2020]
 For Ultimate Limit State, Rμ = 4 for RC special moment frame system
 For Serviceability Limit State, Rs = 1 special moment frame system
Over strength Factor, W [Table 5.2, Cl. 5.4, NBC 105:2020]

For Ultimate Limit State, Wu = 1.5 for special moment frame system

For Serviceability Limit State, Ws = 1.25 for special moment frame system

The seismic weight is determined based on the following mass source. (Table -5.1,
Cl.5.2, NBC 105:2020)

Table 6: Mass Source for Seismic Load

S.N Load Type Scale Factor

1 Dead Load 1
2 Live Load (Storage) 0.6
3 Live Load (Other Purpose) 0.3
4 Roof Live Load Nil

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 Table 7: Design Horizontal Seismic Coefficient as per NBC 105:2020

Ultimate Limit State

Type of building Residential building

Lateral load resisting system SMRF System
Soil type Type D (v Soft Soil)
Height of the building h 9.44 m
Dimension of the building along X Dx 6.38 m
Dimension of the building along Y Dy 7.87 m
kt 0.075
Approximate time period of the building T1=ktH3/4 Cl. 5.1.2 0.44 sec
Time period of the building T Cl. 5.1.3 0.55 sec
Seismic zone Kathmandu
Seismic zone factor Z Cl. 4.1.4, fig. 4.3 0.35
Importance factor I Cl. 4.1.5 1.0
Spectral Shape Factor Ch(T) Cl. 4.1.2 2.25
Elastic Site Spectra C(T) = Ch(T)ZI 0.788
Ductility factor (ULS) Rμ Cl. 5.3.1, table 5.2 4
Over strength factor (ULS) Wu Cl. 5.4.1, table 5.3 1.5
𝐶(𝑇)
Horizontal base shear coefficient (ULS) 𝐶𝑑(𝑇) = Cl. 6.1.1 0.13
𝑅 𝜇 𝛺𝑢

Vertical Distribution factor k Cl. 5.1.2 1

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Serviceability Limit State

Type of building Residential building

Lateral load resisting system SMRF System
Soil type Type D ( V Soft Soil)
Height of the building h 9.44 m
Dimension of the building along X Dx 6.38 m
Dimension of the building along Y Dy 7.87 m
kt 0.075 Other building
Approximate time period of the building T1=ktH3/4 Cl. 5.1.2 0.44 sec
Time period of the building T Cl. 5.1.3 0.55 sec
Seismic zone Kathmandu
Seismic zone factor Z Cl. 4.1.4, fig. 4.3 0.35
Importance factor I Cl. 4.1.5 1.0
Spectral Shape Factor Ch(T) Cl. 4.1.2 2.25
Elastic Site Spectra C(T) = Ch(T)ZI 0.788
Elastic Site Spectra for SLS Cs(T) 0.158
Ductility factor (SLS) Rs Cl. 5.3.2, table 5.2 1
Over strength factor (SLS) Ws Cl. 5.4.2, table 5.1 1.25
𝐶𝑠(𝑇)
Horizontal base shear coefficient (ULS) 𝐶𝑑(𝑇) = Cl. 6.1.1 0.125
𝑅 𝜇 𝛺𝑠

Vertical Distribution factor k Cl. 5.1.2 1

17 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

II. Response Spectrum Method

In the dynamic analysis using response spectrum, the contributions from the higher
modes of vibration are taken into account by combining the peak response quantities
(member forces, displacements, story forces, and story shears and base reactions)
from each mode of vibration. The number of modes to be used in the analysis is
determined by the requirement that the sum total of modal masses of all modes
considered is at least 90 percent of the total seismic mass.

Response spectrum analysis is characterized mainly by four parameters: modal mass

(Mk), modal participation factors (Pk), mode shape coefficient (φik) and modal
natural period (Tk). Modal mass (Mk) is a part of the total seismic mass of the
structure that is effective in mode k of vibration, while modal participation factor (Pk)
of mode k of vibration is the amount by which mode k contributes to the overall
vibration of the structure. Similarly, mode shape coefficient (φik) is the ratio of the
amplitude of mass i to the amplitude of one of the masses of the system when
vibrating in normal mode k, and the modal natural period (Tk) is the time period of
vibration in mode k.

The design lateral shear force at each floor in each mode is computed in accordance
with the IS: 1893 -2002 equations 7.8.4.5c and 7.8.4.5d. The design base shear VB
(calculated from the Response Spectrum method) is compared with the base shear Vb
(calculated by empirical formula for the fundamental time period). If VB is less than
Vb, all of the response quantities are multiplied by Vb /VB as per Clause 7.8.2.

The following procedure is used to generate the lateral seismic loads.

1. User provides the value for spectral shape factor as per soil type as input.
2. For the initial run, scale factor is chosen as per following factors.
𝑍∗𝐼
𝑅𝜇 𝑔
∗ 𝛺𝑢
3. Program calculates time periods for all modes as specified by the user. The
modes specified are such that at least 90% mass participations is ensured.
4. The program calculates design horizontal acceleration spectrum Ak for
different modes.
5. The program then calculates mode participation factor for different modes.
6. The peak lateral seismic force at each floor in each mode is calculated.
7. All response quantities for each mode are calculated.

The peak response quantities are then combined as per method (CQC or SRSS or ABS)
as defined by the user to get the final results

18 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

4 Analysis Output
The analysis results are discussed in this chapter. Both Seismic coefficient and
response spectrum methods is used for the application of earthquake load. The major
discussions are focused on the eccentricity, story shear, inter story drift, maximum
displacement and base shear along two orthogonal directions. The column and beam
size, shear wall and reinforcement are then designed for maximum forces.

4.1 Seismic Coefficient Method

The fundamental time period of the building as per NBC 105:2020, clause 5.1.2 and
5.1.3, total seismic weight and base shear in both orthogonal directions are given in
Table 8 and Table 9. This result will be used to compare and scale the base shear from
response spectrum method.

The fundamental time period Ta is given by,

3
Approximate Time Period, T1 = 0.075𝐻4

The approximate fundamental time period is increased by amplification factor of 1.25.

Table 8: Fundamental Time period

Height of Building Approximate Time Period Fundamental Time Period

9.44 0.403 0.504

Elastic site spectra (As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 4.1 & 4.2 for very soft soil) is given by,

For Ultimate Limit State, C(T) = Ch(T)ZI

For Serviceability Limit State, Cs(T) = 0.20 C(T)

Horizontal Base Shear Coefficient (As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 6.1) is given by,

For Ultimate Limit State,

C C(𝑇1)
d (𝑇1 ) = Rµ x Ωu

For Serviceability Limit State, C

Cs(𝑇1)
d (𝑇1) =
Ωs

And, base shear (As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 6.2) is given by,

V = Cd (T1) W

And Vertical distribution of seismic forces (As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 6.3) induced at
each floor level is given by,

Fi = Wih
k

19 | Structure Design Report of Residentialx Building

V
 i
∑n Wihk
i i

20 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Table 9: Seismic coefficient and base shear

Ultimate Limit State (ULS) Serviceability Limit State (SLS)

Seismic wt.(kN) 1666.6 1666.6
Direction X Y X Y
Seismic Coefficient 0.131 0.131 0.126 0.126
V (kN) 218.33 218.33 209.99 209.99

4.2 Response Spectrum Method

For the initial run following scale factor was used,

For Ultimate Limit State Method

𝑔 = 9810

For Serviceability Limit Method

𝑔 = 9810

The base shear from this scale factor is computed as:

ULS
VB,x, kN 137.
4862
VB,y, kN 123
6985

Which are less than base shear (Vb) from seismic coefficient method and hence to be
modified as per NBC 105:2020, clause 7.8.2, the modification factor being:

ULS
1.5
(SF),x

(SF),y 1.665

Thus, the final base shear response spectrum method is:

ULS
VB,x, kN 209.81
7
VB,y, kN 209.81
7
21 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building
 4.3 Modal time period and mass participation
NBC 105:2020 clause 7.3 states that a sufficient number of modes shall be included at
least 90 % of the total seismic mass of the structure in the direction under
consideration. Analysis was carried out for first 12 modes so that the mass
participation satisfies this criterion in both orthogonal directions. Table 10 show time
period and mass participation ratio for all modes.

Table 10: Modal time period and mass participation

Case Mode Period(sec) UX UY SUM UX SUMUY Rz

Modal 1 0.431 0.4749 0.2187 0.4749 0.2187 0.1727
Modal 2 0.388 0.3418 0.4255 0.8167 0.6443 0.0633
Modal 3 0.35 0.0198 0.1691 0.8365 0.8134 0.5999
Modal 4 0.186 0.0359 0.0649 0.8723 0.8782 0.0014
Modal 5 0.18 0.0654 0.0416 0.9378 0.9199 0.0242
Modal 6 0.152 0.0001 4.96E-05 0.9379 0.9199 0.0773
Modal 7 0.13 0.0218 0.0231 0.9597 0.943 0.024
Modal 8 0.11 0.0257 0.0447 0.9854 0.9877 1.08E-05
Modal 9 0.093 0.01 0.0071 0.9954 0.9948 0.0318
Modal 10 0.022 0.0003 0.0002 0.9957 0.995 3.22E-06
Modal 11 0.019 4.27E-05 0.0041 0.9958 0.9991 0.0012
Modal 12 0.018 1.08E-05 0.0001 0.9958 0.9992 3.62E-05

4.4 Storey Drift

As per Cl. 5.6.3 of NBC 105:2020, the storey drift to the corresponding storey shall
not exceed:

0.025 at ultimate limit state

0.006 at serviceability limit state
In this building the storey displacement is limited to 66.07 mm at ultimate limit state and
63.43 mm at serviceability. From the analysis the displacements of the mass center of
various floors are obtained and are shown in along with storey drift below.

Table 11: Storey Drift Calculations

X-Dir Y-Dir X-Dir Y-Dir

Design Displacement Inter storey Drift

Story Elevation(m)
Second 9.144 11.155 10.018 0.001382 0.001244
First 6.096 9.48 8.335 0.001617 0.001401
Ground 3.048 4.552 3.844 0.001493 0.001261
Base 0 0 0 0 0

It is seen that drift does not exceed the code prescribed value of 0.025 and 0.006 times
story height times RΩ & Rs (i.e. permissible storey displacement of 66.07 and 63.43
22 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building
 mm). Thus the drift check seems to comply with the safety value mentioned in the
code.

4.5 Torsional Irregularity

As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 5.5.2.1, Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where
the maximum horizontal displacement of any floor in the direction of the lateral force
(applied at the center of mass) at one end of the story is more than 1.5 times its
minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the same story in that direction.

The torsion irregularity check is shown in Table 12 below .

Table 12: Torsional irregularity

Story Load Case Direction Max Disp. Min Disp. Ratio

mm mm
THIRD EQX_ULT X 10.52 9.814 1.071938
SECOND EQX_ULT X 7.907 5.725 1.381135
FIRST EQX_ULT X 3.812 2.812 1.355619

Story Load Case Direction Max Disp. Min Disp. Ratio

mm mm
THIRD EQY_ULT Y 9.647 8.964 1.076194
SECOND EQY_ULT Y 7.108 5.399 1.31654
FIRST EQY_ULT Y 3.369 2.91 1.157732

4.6 Static Accidental Eccentricity

As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 5.7, for the analysis for torsional effects, the applied
torsion at each level shall use either the forces calculated by the Equivalent Static
Method or the combined story inertial forces found in a Modal Response Spectrum
Method. The minimum accidental eccentricity can be taken as ±0.1b.

The eccentricity calculation is shown in Table 13 below .

23 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Table 13: Eccentricity Calculation

` Disp. XCM YCM XCR YCR ex ey ex,min ey,min Check

m m m m m m m m
Story1 D1 3.185 4.1184 2.3989 2.9086 0.7861 1.2098 0.63754 0.7874 Compliance
Story2 D2 2.7707 3.3665 2.2414 2.6133 0.5293 0.7532 0.63754 0.7874 Compliance
Story3 D3 1.5367 1.9685 1.8353 2.2893 0.2986 0.3208 0.30734 0.3937 Compliance

24 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

5.Design of Structural Members (Sample Design)

Type: Corner panel

Referenc S.N Remark
Calculation Result
e . s
1 Known Data Value Unit
Clear Span, Ly= 3.937 m
Clear Span, Lx= 3.302 m
Support Width, bs= 0.23 m
kN/
Live Load 2
m2
kN/
Floor Finish 1.5
m2
Grade of Concrete, fck= 20 N/m2
Grade of Steel, fy= 500 N/m2
2 Determining depth of slab
From deflection control criteria
(lx/d) ≤αΓβλ For
Short
lx= 3.302
span
IS 456: β = 1.4 -
2000 α= 23
1.6
cl 23.2.1 Γβλ= 1.5 For slab,
From Calculation, d> 0.096 m ɼ =1, λ=
Providing d= 100 mm 1 to 1.4
Effective Cover= 24 mm
Total depth of slab, D= 124 mm
3 Calculation of effective length
Clear span/12= 275.167 mm >250mm
IS 456:
2000 Effective length along X-direction,
3.402 m
cl.22.2.b lx=Lx
Effective length along Y-direction,
4.037 m
ly=Ly
4 Calculation of loads
kN/
Self-weight of slab=25 KN/m3× D= 3.1
m²
kN/
Live load = 2
m²
kN/
Floor Finish= 1.5
m²
kN/
Total Loads, W= 6.6
m²
kN/
Design Loads, Wu= W×1.5 9.9
m²

25 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 Calculation of design moment and
5
area of steel
ly/lx= 1.187 <2
Hence, the slab is two-way slab.

S.N Particular
Shorter Span Longer Span
. s
Support
Mid Suppor Mid
(+) t (-) (+)
(-)
1 αx, αy 0.044 0.059 0.035 0.047 Table 26
Design
2 5.041 6.760 4.010 5.385
BM
3 xu 7.177 9.731 5.673 7.683
119.45
4 Ast Req 161.960 94.412 127.882
2
148.80 148.80
5 Ast Minim 148.800 148.800
0 0
Diameter
6 8.000 8.000 8.000 8.000
Provided
Spacing 337.80 337.80
7 310.357 337.806
Required 6 6
Spacing 150.00 150.00
8 150.000 150.000
Provided 0 0
335.10 335.10
9 Ast Provided 335.103 335.103
3 3
For singly reinforced section
Mumax ≤Mulim
kN
Mumax = αx×Wu×lx2 = 5.041
m
Xulim= 47.9 mm
kN
Mulim =0.362×fck×Xulim× b×(d-0.415Xulim) 34.712 >Mumax
m
For area of steel,
Mu ≤0.87×fy×Ast req×d×(1-((Astreq× fy) /
(bd×fck)))
Ast req = 119.452 mm2
Ast min = 0.12% of bD = 148.800 mm2
Providing Փ= 10.000 mm
Spacing = b/(Ast req/(πՓ2 )/4) = 337.806
Cl.26.3.3
Spacing provided = 150.000 mm
b
Spacing = b/(Ast provided/(πՓ2 )/4) <300mm
Ast provided =b/Spacing Provided × 4/(πՓ2) 335.103 mm2 <3d

26 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 6 Check for deflection
From deflection control criteria,
(lx/d) ≤αΓβλ
IS 456: lx = 3.402 For
2000 short
d= 100
cl 23.2.1 span.
For
α= 23
slab,
ɼ= 1 Γ=1
λ= 1 λ=1
For β,
Fs = 0.58×fy×(Ast req/Ast provided) = 103.374
IS 456: % of tensile steel = (Ast provided/bd)×100 = 0.335 Mid of
2000 Short
β= 2
fig. 4 span
lx/d = 34.02
αΓβλ= 46 > (lx/d)
Hence, deflection control criteria is
satisfied.
7 Check for shear
Maximum design shear force in slab,
Vumax = (Wu×lx)/2 = 16.840 kN
IS 456: N/
Average shear force, τv = Vumax /bd = 0.168
2000 mm2
N/
Table 20 Maximum shear stress, τc max = 2.8 For M20
mm2
cl.40.2.3 τv<τc max
For τc,
(Ast provided/bd) ×100 = 0.335
Table 19 Shear strength of concrete, τc = 0.401 For M20
For solid slabs, τc' = τc×k
cl.40.2.1.1 k= 1.3
τc' = τc×k = 0.521
To be safe,
Vumax≤Vuc+Vus Vus=0
Vuc=τc'×bd 52.104 >Vumax
Hence, the slab is safe in shear.

27 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 8 Check for Development Length
Ld=(Փ×σs)/(4×τbd)
Ld≤1.3×(M1/V)+Lo
where, Փ=Nominal diameter of bar 8
σs=Permissible stress in bar=0.87×fy 435
τbd= 1.92
IS 456:
2000 M1=0.87×fy×Ast×(d-(fy×Ast)/(fck×b)) 13600.03 Nm
cl.26.2.1. 16839.90
V= 0 N
1
L0= 96 mm
Ld=(Փ×σs)/(4×τbd) 453.125 mm
Ld≤1.3×(M1/V)+Lo= 1145.890 mm >Ld(ok)

28 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 DESIGN OF STAIRCASE

REFERENC
S.N CALCULATION RESULT REMARKS
E
VALUE UNIT
Known data

Floor height 3.048 m

1 Support width 230 mm
Rise 203.2 mm 0.2032
Tread 254 mm 0.254
Fck 20 N/mm2
Fy 500 N/mm2
1 Design of 1st flight
a Effective span 3.0734 m c/c distance

b Thickness of slab
From deflection control criteria
l/d< αβγλ
l= 3073.4 mm
α= 20
λ= 1
IS456:2000 γ= 1
cl. 23.2.1 β= 1.4
From calculation
d> 109.764 mm
taking effective depth d = 110 mm
cover = 20 mm
Total depth D = 130 mm
c Load calculation
On landing
Self weight = 25*D = 2.6 kN/m2
Floor Finish = 1.5 kN/m2
Live load = 3 kN/m2
Total load on landing= 7.1 kN/m2
For unit width load= 7.1 kN/m

Total design Load= 10.65 kN/m

29 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 On Going
Self weight =

25*(1/2*R*T+√(R2+T2)*D)/T 6.702 kN/m2

Floor Finish= 1.5 kN/m2

Live load = 3 kN/m2
Total load on going= 11.202 kN/m2
For unit width total load= 11.202 kN/m
Total design load= 16.803 kN/m
d Calculation of max SF
Landing is shared in one portion so landing
load is divided

Length of 1st landing = 1117.6 mm 1.1176

Length of going= 1955.8 mm 1.9558

Total length = 3.0734 m

Considering support reaction at support A and

B are RA and RB respectively

∑Fy = 0

RA+RB = 16.803*1.956-10.65*1.118…..(i)

∑MA=0

RB*3.703-(16.803*1.856*1.956/2+1.118)-
10.65*1.118*1.118/2=0

On Solving
RB = 24.571 KN
RA = 20.195 KN

Maximum Shear force = 24.571 KN

30 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 Calculation of max BM
Moment at x distance from A at location of
24.571 kN/m
Mx= 20.195x – 10.65*1.118*(x-1.118/2) –
16.803*(x-1.118)2/2
e
dMx/dx=0 for position of max B.M
on solving
x= 1.215 m
Mmax = 16.649 kNm

Calculation of area of main steel

Xulim = 50.16 mm cl 38.1.f
Mulim = 0.362*fck*xulim*b*(d-0.416xulim)= 32.370 kNm >Mumax

Mumax<=Mulim
16.649*10^6 < 0.87*fy*Ast*(d-(fy*Ast)/fck*b)
On solving
f Ast= 380.919 mm2
Astmin= 0.12*b*D/100 = 156 mm2
Let diameter of rebar (ᶲ) = 12 mm
Spacing = b/(Ast/∏*ᶲ2/4) <300mm(to be ok) 296.907 mm
Let spacing = 250 mm
Ast provided = b/(spacing/∏*ᶲ2/4)= 452.389 mm

Calculation of area of distribution bars

Astmin = 156 mm2
Let diameter of rebar (ᶲ) = 8 mm
Spacing = b/(Ast/∏*ᶲ2/4) = 322.215
g

Provide spacing = 150 mm

Ast provided = b/(spacing/∏*ᶲ2/4)= 335.103 mm2

31 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 Check for deflection
l= 3073.4 mm
α= 20
λ= 1
γ= 1 From fig 4 of
for β IS456:2000
% of tensile steel =
0.348 %
IS456:2000 355.103/(1000*130)*100=
h
cl. 23.2.1 Fs= 0.58*fy*Ast required/ Ast provided= 244.185 N/mm2
β= 1.4
To be safe
l/d< αβγλ
3073/110<20*1.4*1*1
27.936<28(ok)
Deflection control criteria satisfied hence
Safe in deflection

IS456:2000 Check for shear

Table 19
and table To be safe in shear
20
Vumax<Vuc+Vus Vus =0
τv<τcmax
τv = 24.571*103/1000*110= 0.223 N/mm2
For τcmax
τcmax = 2.8 N/mm2 table 20 of IS456:2000
τv<τcmax(ok)
i
Vuc = τc’*b*D
τc’= τc*k
k= 1.3
for τc
(Ast*100)/bd= (452.389*100)/(1000*110)= 0.411 %
Hence τc 0.437 N/mm2 table 19 of IS456:2000
τc’= 0.5681 N/mm2
Vuc= 0.5681*1000*110 62.491 kN
Vumax= 24.571 kN
Vumax<Vuc
Safe in shear

32 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 5.3 Design Sample Output of Frames

Figure 6: Design Output in Frame along Grid 1-1

33 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Figure 7: Design Output in Ground Floor

34 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 5.3.1 D
es
ig
n
of
B
ea
m
Sample Design - First Floor, Grid A-(1-2)

IS 456:2000 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

35 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Flexural Details)
Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground B13 6 Beam 230*350 DL+0.3LL+RSx 0 3937 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 350 230 0 41 41

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Required +Moment -Moment Regular Minimum Seismic Minimum
Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
mm² mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) 301 19 301 153 153
Bottom (-2 Axis) 230 230 0 153 153

Design Moments, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design Factored Torsion Special
+Moment -Moment Mu3 Tu Mt
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
0 -35.3316 -19.7506 10.5038 15.581

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Shear Details)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
FIRST B1 72 BEAM230X430 DL+0.3LL+RSX 175 4343.4 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 430 230 0 55 55

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 415

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

36 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Shear/Torsion Design for Vu2 & Tu

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Shear Details)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground B13 6 Beam 230*350 DL+0.3LL+RSx 0 3937 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
230 350 230 0 41 41

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Shear/Torsion Design for Vu2 & Tu

Rbar Rbar Design Design Design
Asv /s Asvt /s Vu2 Tu Pu
mm²/m mm²/m kN kN-m kN
908.46 705.46 28.2311 10.5038 0

Design Forces
Factored Factored Equivalent Capacity Gravity
Vu2 Tu Ve Vp Vg
kN kN-m kN kN kN
26.9917 10.5038 101.3007 21.555 -6.6762

Capacity Moment
Long.Rebar Long.Rebar Capacity Moment Capacity Moment
As (Bottom) As (Top) Mpos Mneg
mm² mm² kN-m kN-m
Left 230 301 29.1802 37.5635
Right 154 249 19.9738 31.4355

Design Basis
Design Conc.Area Area Tensn.Reinf Strength Strength LtWt.Reduc
Vu2 Ac Ag Ast fys fck Factor
kN cm² cm² mm² MPa MPa Unitless
28.2311 710.7 805 301 415 20 1

Concrete Capacity
Conc.Area Tensn.Rein Ast Basic Strength CompFactor DepthFactr Strengh
Ac Ast τc fys δ k Factor
cm² mm² % MPa MPa Unitless Unitless Unitless
710.7 301 0.424 0.44 415 1 1 1

Shear Rebar Design

Design Stress Concrete Limit Rebar Area Shear Shear Shear
Ve τ τcd τc.max Asv /s Vc Vs Vn
kN MPa MPa MPa mm²/m kN kN kN
101.3007 1.43 0 2.8 908.46 0 101.3007 101.3007

37 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Torsion Capacity
Rebar Torsion Shear Core Core
Asvt /s Tu Vu b1 d1
mm²/m kN-m kN mm mm
705.46 10.5038 26.9917 168 288

38 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Table 14: Summary of Design of Beam

 Grade of Concrete: M20

 Grade of Steel: Fe 500 TMT

LATERAL
TOP LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT BOT LONGITUDINAL REINFORCEMENT SHEAR DIMENSION
LEFT RIGHT LEFT RIGHT
BEAMID LEFT EXTRA MID RIGHT EXTRA LEFT EXTRA MID RIGHT EXTRA REINFORCEMENT LENGTH BREADTH
12ɸ-2 NOS 12ɸ-2 NOS 12ɸ-2 NOS 2L-8DIA @
B1 (T) - (T) 12ɸ-2 NOS (T) - 12ɸ-2 NOS (B) - 12ɸ-2 NOS (B) (B) - 100/150
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ-3 NOS 3L-8DIA @
B2 (T) - (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) - 100/150
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ-3 NOS 2L-8DIA @
B2' (T) - (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) - 100/150
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 3L-8DIA @
B3 (T) 2(EX) (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) 2(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) 2(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) 2(EX) 100/150 230 430
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 3L-8DIA @
B4 (T) 2(EX) (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) 2(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) - 100/150
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 2L-8DIA @
B4' (T) 2(EX) (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) 2(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) - 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) - 100/150
12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 12ɸ- 12ɸ-3 NOS 12ɸ- 3L-8DIA @
B5 (T) 3(EX) (T) 12ɸ-3 NOS (T) 3(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) 2(EX) 12ɸ-3 NOS (B) (B) 2(EX) 100/150

(refer Structural Drawings)

**Note: For detail beam design and detailing, refer structural drawing.

32 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Structural Design Report of Design of Tahagalli Apartment Building at Kathmandu, Nepal

5.3.2 Design of Column

Sample Design - Ground Floor, Grid B-1

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Flexural Details)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground C3 8 Column 350*350 DL+0.3LL+RSx 0 3048 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
73.0852 14.4381 -50.7654 1.4617 1.4617 1020 0.83

Factored & Minimum Biaxial Moments

NonSway Mns Sway Ms Factored Mu
kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bending(Mu3 ) -2.9789 -47.7865 -50.7654
Minor Bending(Mu2 ) 5.728 8.7101 14.4381

Slenderness Effects (IS 39.7.1) and Minimum Biaxial Moments (IS 39.2, 25.4)
End Moment End Moment Initial k*Ma Minimum Minimum
Mu1 (kN-m) Mu2 (kN-m) Moment (kN-m) Moment (kN-m) Moment (kN-m) Eccentricity (mm)
Major Bending (M3 ) -50.7654 20.0716 -22.4306 0 1.4617 20
Minor Bending (M2 ) 14.4381 -8.6589 5.7752 0 1.4617 20

Effective Length Factors (IS 25.2, Annex E)

33 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 K K Framing P-Delta Q K
Sway Non-Sway Type Done? Factor Used
Major Bend(M3 ) 1.99444 0.792099 Ductile Frame No 0.011445 0.792099
Minor Bend(M2 ) 2.068609 0.800035 Ductile Frame No 0.009616 0.800035

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1225 10.2 1485.0942 442.0988 73.0852 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.885 350 6.106 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.885 350 6.167 12 No 0

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Shear Details)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Ground C3 8 Column 350*350 DL+0.3LL+RSx 0 3048 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
350 350 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
1225 10.2 1485.0942 442.0988 73.0852 1

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.885 350 6.106 12 No 0

34 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.885 350 6.167 12 No 0

Shear Design for Vu2, Vu3

Rebar Av /s Design Vu Design Pu Design Mu Vc Vs Vn
mm²/m kN kN kN-m kN kN kN
Major Shear(V2 ) 387.95 26.2424 139.171 -50.7654 57.563 41.1595 98.7225
Minor Shear(V3 ) 387.95 13.6012 139.171 -2.9822 57.563 41.1595 98.7225

Design Forces
Factored Vu Factored Pu Factored Mu Capacity Vp
kN kN kN-m kN
Major Shear(V2 ) 26.2424 73.0852 44.8075 15.2581
Minor Shear(V3 ) 8.507 73.0852 14.4381 13.6012

Capacity Shear
Shear Long.Rebar Long.Rebar Cap.Moment Cap.Moment Cap.Moment Cap.Moment
Vp As(Bot) As(Top) MposBot MnegTop MnegBot MposTop
kN % % kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Shear(V2 ) 15.2581 0 0 0 0 0 0
Minor Shear(V3 ) 13.6012 0 0 0 0 0 0

Design Basis
Shr Reduc Factor Strength fys Strength fck Area Ag
Unitless MPa MPa cm²
1 415 20 1225

Concrete Shear Capacity

Conc.Area Ast Basic CompFactor DepthFactr Strengh
Major Shear(V2 ) Ac τc δ k Factor
cm² % MPa Unitless Unitless Unitless
Major Shear(V2 ) 1029 0.496 0.478 1.17 1 1
Minor Shear(V3) 1029 0.496 0.478 1.17 1 1

Shear Rebar Design

Design Stress Concrete Limit Rebar Area
Vu τ τcd τc,max Asv /s
kN MPa MPa MPa mm²/m
Major Shear(V2 ) 26.2424 0.26 0.56 2.8 387.95
Minor Shear(V3 ) 13.6012 0.13 0.56 2.8 387.95

35 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Table 15: Summary of Design of Column

 Grade of Concrete: M20

 Grade of Steel: Fe 500 TMT

LATERAL
LONGITUDINAL SHEAR DIMENSION
COLUMN ID FLOOR REINFORCEMENT REINFORCEMENT LENGTH BREADTH
GROUND 20DIA-12 NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150
20DIA-8 NOS 350 350
C1 FIRST/SECOND/TERRACE 16DIA-4NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150
GROUND 20DIA-8 NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150
350 350
C2 FIRST/SECOND/TERRACE 20DIA-8 NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150
GROUND 20DIA-16 NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150

350 600
20DIA-8 NOS
C3 FIRST/SECOND/TERRACE 16DIA-8NOS 4L-8DIA @ 100/150

**Note: For detail column design and detailing, refer structural drawing.

36 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 5.4 Design of Footing (rakheko xaina)
The foundations are designed separately in Excel for maximum load considering sing Allowable Bearing Capacity. The summaries of foundation
design are presented below.

5.4.1 Input Data

1. Concrete Grade = 20 MPa
2. Rebar Grade = 500 Mpa
3. Allowable Bearing Capacity of Soil = 100 kN/m2

5.4.2 Super Structural Joint Reactions

The reactions at the support of column for load combination as 1.5DL+1.5LL are as follows:

5.4.3 Sample Isolated footing Calculation

37 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 5.4.3 Sample Design of Isolated Footing

Design of Concentrically Loaded Sloped Square Footing :

STEPS VARIABLES F1 UNITS
Step 0 Design Constants, Loads and Sizes :
Grade of Rebar = 500.000 N/mm2
Grade ofConcrete M20 = 20.000 N/mm2
Column Square 350.000 x 350.000 mm
Design Loads = 575.000 kN
Safe Bearing Capacity = 100.000 kN/m2

Step 1 Determination of Size of Footing :

Self-Weight Factor = 1.100
Required Area of Footing = 5.271 m2
Each Side of Footing = 2.514 m
Adopt Size of Footing 2.743 x 2.743 m

Step 2 Determination of Size of Equivalent Square Column:

(For Cirular Column)
C1 & C2 = 350.000 mm
Square Ledge Size 650.000 x 650.000 mm
kN
Step 3 Calculation of Soil Pressure on Footing :
Factored Load = 862.5 kN
Upward Soil Pressure = 0.115 N/mm2

Step 4 Calculation of Depth of Footing From Design Moment :

Design BM, (Mx or My) = 159.638 kNm
qu 2
MX = 2L + c2 B − c1
24
Bending Moment Capacity of = 2691.872 d2
Trapezoidal Section (Mn)
Mn = Kb1d2fck + K2B − b1 d2fck
b1 = 650.000 mm
Fe K K2 ku
415 0.138 0.025 0.479
500 0.133 0.023 0.456
Used Value 0.133 0.023 0.456

Required Effective Depth of

Footing, deff, req = 243.523 mm
Adopt Overall Depth of Footing D = 450 mm
Effective Depth, deff. = 375 mm

Step 5 Calculation of Depth of Footing From One-Way Shear :

Distance of this Section from = 821.600 mm
edge
Breadth of Footing at this Section
with 45o Diagonal = 1100 mm
Shear at this section = 180.9537469 kN
Edge Depth Dimesions:
Overall Required Edge Depth = 69.06875282 mm

38 I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

 5.4.3 Sample Design of Isolated Footing

(For 20o Slope)

Take Overall Depth = 200 mm
Slope Inclination = 13.434 o

Effective Depth at One

Way Shear Section = 321.255 mm
Shear Stress, τv = 0.512 N/mm2

From Table,
%age of Tensile Reinforcement = 0.35 %

Step 6 Calculation of Depth of Footing From Two-Way Shear :

Distance of this section from
the edge of footing = 1009.100 mm
Width of footing at the section = 725.000 mm
Depth of footing at this section = 366.042 mm

Two-way design shear value = 802.255116 kN

Punching shear stress, τ vp = 0.756 N/mm2

Permissible Shear Stress = ks * τc

= 1.118 N/mm2
βc = 1
ks = 1
τc = 1.118 N/mm2
Permissible Shear Stress Check = OK

Step 7 Calculation of Area of Steel :

Lever arm of the trapezium sec. (j) = 0.688
− 2 b1 + 2B
= =
0.36kub1 + 0.204 B − b1 k 2 0.3
u

Area of steel, Ast = 1421.436346 mm2

%age of Ast = 0.58 %
%age of Ast to be provided = 0.58 %
Area of steel, Ast = 1421.436346 mm2
Spacing of 12 mm rebar = 218.2641605 mm
Provide 12 mm rebar @ =====> 150
mm

Step 8 Check for Development Length :

Length Available = 1342.6 mm
Ld of 12 mm rebar
and M20 concrete = 679.6875
mm
OK

Step 9 Check for Transfer of Forces at the Base of Column:

Factored Compressive Force at
the base of Column = 862.5 kN
Bearing Stress at column base = 7.041 N/mm2
f br OK = 17.84 N/mm2
A2 = 122500 mm2
A1 = 7525146.24 mm2
sqrt(A1/A2) = 2
Dimensions of A1 (Spreads at 1:2, V:H, ratio)
Length = 5136.4 mm
Taking Length as = 2743.2 mm

Step 10 Check for Bearing Pressure

Bearing Pressure due to Load
from Column = 76.410 kN/m2
Self Weight of Footing = 62.4621257 kN
Beearing Pressure due to Self-
Weight of Footing =..............................8.300453401 kN/m2
84.711 kN/m2
OK

39I Structural Design Report of Residential Building

40 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building
 Figure 8: Joint Level and Forces

5.4.4 Footing Analysis

Table 16: Summary of Design of Footing

41 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 Table 17: Footing Schedule

Footing Details
Allowable Soil: Bearing Capacity = 100kN/m2

42 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

( put it from autocad, hamle banako schedule)

43 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 5.5 Critical Checks

1. CHECK FOR STRONG COLUMN WEAK BEAM: Compliance (checked)

As per NBC 105:2020, Annex A: design and detailing of reinforced concrete

structures for earthquake loads, C 4.4.4, At every beam column junction in a frame,
the summation of the moment capacities of the column end sections shall be greater
than 1.2 times the summation of the beam end moment capacities.
∑ 𝑀𝑐
> 1.2 ………………………………………………4.4.4
∑ 𝑀𝑏

Where, at a given joint,

44 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

 ∑Mc is the sum of the moment of resistance of the columns.

∑Mb is the sum of the moment of resistance of the beams along each
principal plane of the joint.

Figure 9: Column Beam Capacity along grid B-B(>1.2)

2. CHECK FOR TORSION: Compliance (checked)

As per NBC 105:2020, Cl. 5.5.2.1, Torsion irregularity is considered to exist where
the maximum horizontal displacement of any floor in the direction of the lateral force
(applied at the center of mass) at one end of the story is more than 1.5 times its

45 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

minimum horizontal displacement at the far end of the same story in that direction.

3. STOREY DRIFT: Compliance (Checked)

As per Cl. 5.6.3 of NBC 105:2020, the storey drift to the corresponding storey shall
not exceed:

 0.025 at ultimate limit state

46 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

  0.006 at serviceability limit state

4. WEAK STORY: Compliance (checked)

A story is considered as weak story if the strength of the lateral force resisting system
in that story is less than 80% of the strength of the story above.

5. SOFT STORY: Compliance (checked)

A soft story is the one whose stiffness of the lateral-force-resisting system is less than
70% of the lateral-force-resisting system stiffness in an adjacent story above or below,
or less than 80% of the average lateral-force-resisting system stiffness of the three
stories above or below.

6. MASS: Compliance (Checked)

A difference of more than 50% between the effective masses of two consecutive
stories is considered as mass irregularity. Light roofs, penthouse, and mezzanine
floors need not be considered.

47 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building

5 References

 IS 456- 2000 Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete

 IS 875-1987 Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake)
for buildings and structures
 NBC Nepal Building Code
 Design of Reinforced Concrete Structure – A.K. Jain
 Limit State Design of Substructure- Swamisharan
 ETABS manual V 17

48 | Structure Design Report of Residential Building