Project On

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY, MORANG

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

Owner: - Mrs. Januka Adhikari

Address:- Sundarharaincha Municipality-06

Submitted By Submitted To
RIBE CONSULTANCY SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY
Er. Sabin Budhathoki (N.E.C. No:- 14496 Civil “A” )
Sundarharaincha Municipality-12, Morang, Nepal
Phone No. 9846287626 / 9801557587
Email: [email protected],

Poush 08,2078
 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…1
2) Building Design parameters……………………………………………………….....2
2.1) Building Design parameters………………………………………………….….3
2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade……………………………………………………......3
2.3) Soil Properties………………………………………………………………..….3
2.4) Other Design Parameters………………………………………………….....….3
2.5) Notes………………………………………………………………………….....3
3) Loads on Structures……………………………………………………….........……5
3.1) Dead Load ……………………………………………………….......................5
3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads ………………………………………….....…....6
3.3) Seismic Load …...................................................................................................6
PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN…….…………….…….….……7
4) Modeling……………………………………………………………………..………8
5) Analysis……………………………………………………………..………………10
5.1) Load Cases……………………………………………………..………………10
5.2) Load Combinations…...…………………………………………..……………10
6) Design…………………………………………………………………..…………...11
7) Detailing of the Structural Elements……………………………………..………….11
PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULTS...…....12
8) Sample Analysis Results…………………………………………………………....12
9) Sample Designs………………………………………………………………..……12
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams…………………………………….….13
9.2) Sample Design of Slab…………………………………………………….…...16
9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing …...…………………………………..…...19
10) Design Summary…………………………………………………………................24
10.1) Column Design Summary………………………………………………..…...24
10.2) Beam Design Summary………………………………………………..……...24
10.3) Slab Design Summary ……………………………………..............................24
10.4) Footing Design Summary………………………………………………...…...24

PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES ….....................................25

11) Annexes………………………………………………………………………..…....25
12) Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..……31
13) References……………………………………………………………………..……32
PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction
The basic aim of structural design calculation is to build a structure, which is safe fulfilling the intended
purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost, durable and
maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be structurally sound if each and
every individual elements of the building satisfy the criteria of strength, stability, and serviceability besides
the requirement of ductility and energy absorption capability in seismic prone areas. To make a building
structurally sound, it is very important that the structural designer is consulted before its construction. The
structural engineer, then works out the structural schemes and also gives the sizes of the structural members
like beam, column,slab, etc. A building needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural
designs are carried out and working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the
structural design. Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that need to be considered
during structural designing. The building should be designed not only for vertical loads but also for horizontal
loads such as wind and earthquake loads. The structural designer has to take care of the safety of the building
against the loads mentioned above. He is concernedin designing both superstructure and the substructure of
the building. A building must be strong enough to transfer all the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It
should be able to withstand all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically active region in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic plates — theIndia plates
and the Tibetan plates, along which a relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year hasbeen estimated. The Indian
plate is also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per year. Thus, Nepal experiences earthquakes
frequently. The existence of the Himalayan range with the world's highest peaks is evidence of continued
uplift. Past records of the earthquake shows 19 major earthquakes have hit Nepal till now. The 1833 and 1934
earthquakes were the most destructive ones. Recently, we had faced the earthquake of magnitude 7.9 and
were also the destructive one which took the lives of many people and destruction of various infrastructures as
well. So, designing of building against earthquake forces apart from other forces is a must in case of Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof against it.
Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It would be far cheaper to
rebuild the building again instead of making it proof against earthquake. Hence, the buildings are made seismic
resistant rather than seismic proof. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake
occurs, the building won't collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured
that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it
seismic resistant.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof against it.
Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It would be far cheaper to
rebuild the building again, instead of making it proof against earthquake. Hence, the buildings are made
seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. The mainphilosophy of seismic design is, therefore, to obtain a "no
collapse" structure rather than "no damage" structure. According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe
earthquake occurs, the building won't collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it
is ensured that this building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake
making it seismic resistant.

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 The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event of a major
earthquake, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond yield. In order achieve
the inelastic behavior; structures have to be ductile and capable of dissipating energy through inelastic
actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include
shear and bond failure. Thus the structures are designed based on the "Weak beam – Strong Column"
philosophy. This can be achieved by detailing the members as specified in IS 13920:1993 – Ductile
Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally important is its
construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the one to execute the
construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according to the drawings supplied by
the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A large percentage of failure of the
building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past experiences from damages have shown that
quality of material and workmanship plays an important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings.
Hence, quality assurance in construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of the Residential
Building as per IS Code. The Analysis and design has been done using a renowned FEM Application
ETABS 2018. The detailed method of analysis and design has been described in subsequent chapters.
The design philosophy followed is the Limit State Design as per IS 456:2000. The detailing for the
seismic considerations has been done following the Indian Standard Code.

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 2) Building Design Parameters

The parameters followed for the structural analysis and design is as follows. The parameters
regarding the main structural materials like concrete and the reinforcement are as follows.

2.1) Architectural and Functional Requirements

Types of building Residential Building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame
Number of stories Two + Staircase Cover
Design provision of future extension No
Story Height 3.175 m
Height of parapet wall 1m
Total height of the Building 9.398 m
External wall/ some internal wall 254 mm
Few internal wall 127 mm
Plaster thickness 12.5 mm

2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade

Cement Ordinary Portland Cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000  fck
Poisson’s Ratio 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar

2.3) Soil Properties

The detailed soil investigation report is not available. So the ground condition of the site is assumed to
be poor with the deposited material at the top and clay of low plasticity at the bottom.
Allowable Bearing Capacity of the Soil is taken as 150 KN/m2 assuming medium type of soil.

2.4) Other Design Parameters

The other design parameter as loadings, seismic parameters are described in subsequent chapters. The
overall system consists of moment resisting ductile RCC frames and RCC slabs and RCC shear walls.
The details of the model are as follows.
i. Floor Slabs represented by 127 mm thin shell elements.
ii. Columns are represented by frame elements of 305 mm x 305 mm.
iii. Beams are represented by 254 mm x 381 mm

2.5) Notes

A. GENERAL
1. Read structural drawing in conjunction with architectural drawing. Report any discrepancies to the site
engineer prior to fabrication or construction. Any conflict between specific action & drawing shall be
likewise reported.
2. Contractors shall be responsible for checking field dimension & site conditions.
3. Unless otherwise indicated all construction joints shall be roughened joints 5mm (amplitude minimum
5mm.)
4. No measurement shall be directly taken from the print; written dimension shall be followed.
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 0B. FOUNDATION
1. Foundation shall be on undisturbed soil.
2. Soil bearing capacities shall be verified in the field notified engineer immediately of any soft
pockets or other adverse soil conditions encountered.
3. The line of slope between adjacent excavations for footing or along stepped footing shall not
exceed a rise 1 in a run of 2.
4. Placing of foundation concrete shall be done as soon as excavations have been completed &
approved by the site Engineer.

C. CONCRETE & REINFORCING STEEL

1. Cast-in-situ concrete shall have a minimum 28 days compressive cube strength of 20 N/mm2
for column and 20 N/mm2 for other structural member.
2. Reinforcing steel shall be new TMT steel bars having a minimum yield strength of 500 N/mm2
for column, 500 N/mm2 for other structure & conforming to be 1786:1979 or is 1139:1963.
3. Minimum reinforcing laps shall be in accordance with is 1786:1979 & as specified on structural
drawing.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with is 456:1978 & as specified on Structural
drawing.
5. Clear cover of concrete:-
Slab 20 mm
Staircase 20 mm
Beam 25 mm
Column 40 mm
Footing 50 mm
RCC wall 20 mm
6. Plumbing, slots, holes, around pipes ducts or other items which pass through Concrete slab or
wall shall be filled & patched to the same depths as the slab or wall.
7. Unless otherwise indicated all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be Roughened
joints with 5 mm minimum amplitude.
8. The cement used shall be ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976.
9. Bar bending schedule shall be submitted for approval before casting concrete.
10. Development Length for TMT Steel Bar for M20

DIA TENSION (Ex. Beam) COMPRESSION (Ex. Column)

8 453 mm 363 mm
10 566 mm 453 mm
12 680 mm 544 mm
16 906 mm 725 mm
20 1020 mm 906 mm
25 1416 mm 1133 mm

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3) Loads on Structures
The following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Seismic Load

3.1) Dead Load

Dead Load on the structure comprises the self-weight of the structural members (like beam, columns,
slab and staircase), weight of the floor finishes, weight of external and partition walls, weight of
parapet wall, weight of water tank and weight of others that significantly effects the behavior of
structural members.

ETABS 2018 considers self-weight of assigned members so no need to calculate load from self-weight
of beam, slab and columns. But the self-weight of staircase calculated manually and will be assigned
on the corresponding members.

The weight of building materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987.

From IS 875(Part 1) – 1987
Unit wt. of RCC = 25 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Cement mortar = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of cement plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Brick masonry = 19 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Marble = 26.7 KN/m3
DL from two-inch cement mortar = 0.05*20.4 = 1.02 KN/m3
DL of tile flooring = 0.23 KN/m3
Total finishing load on tile floor = 1.23 KN/m3  1.5 KN/m3

Assuming Exterior Wall thickness of 254 mm (10”) without opening.

Load = 0.254 * (3.2-0.4)*19 = 13.51 KN/m
Considering half inch plaster on internal side of wall = 20.4*2.8*0.0125
= 0.71 KN/m
Total Wall Load =14.22 KN/m  14.3 KN/m

While deducting 30 % for openings

Load = 14.3 * 0.7 = 10.01 KN/m  10 KN/m

ii) Partition wall of thickness of 127 mm (5”) without opening.

Load = 7.25 KN/m
While deducting 30 % for openings
Load = 7.25 * 0.7 = 5.075 KN/m  5.1 KN/m

iii) Parapet wall of height 1 m,

DL = 0.12*1*18 = 2.1 KN/m  2.0 KN/m
Plaster load on parapet wall = 20.4*1*0.025 =0.5 KN/m
Total wall Load =2.5 KN/m

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3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads (For Residential Building)
From IS: 875 (Part 2) – 1987

a) All Rooms and kitchen = 2 KN/m2

b) Toilet and bath rooms = 2 KN/m2
c) Corridors, passages, staircases
including fire escapes and store rooms = 3 KN/m2
d) Balconies = 3 KN/m2

3.3) Seismic Loads

From IS: 1893 - 2002

Fundamental Natural Period

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (Ta) in seconds, of moment-resisting
frame buildings without brick infill panels, may be estimated by the empirical expression:
Ta = 0.075*h0.75 (Cl. 7.6.2)
Where,
h = Height of Building in meter. This excludes the basement story, where basement walls are connected with the
ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes the basement story, when they are not
so connected.

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq X according to IS
1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

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 Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
2201.666
X 0.382 198.15
5
X + Ecc. 2201.666
0.382 198.15
Y 5
2201.666
X - Ecc. Y 0.382 198.15
5

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.398 27.4716 0
Story2 6.35 122.075 0
Story 1 3.175 48.6034 0
Base 0 0 0

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IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation
This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq Y according to IS
1893:2016, as calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5
Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1
Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS Sa Sa

= 2.5 = 2.5
6.4.2] g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period
W Vb
Direction Used
(kN) (kN)
(sec)
2201.666
Y 0.427 198.15
5
Y + Ecc. 2201.666
0.427 198.15
X 5
2201.666
Y - Ecc. X 0.427 198.15
5

Applied Story Forces

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 Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir
m kN kN
Story3 9.398 0 27.4716
Story2 6.35 0 122.075
Story 1 3.175 0 48.6034
Base 0 0 0

PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

4) Modeling
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are computer
aided by the Structural analysis and design software called ETABS 2018, which is a special
purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures. It provides the
Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and
optimize the structural elements in a building model.

A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Since this is Special Moment
Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs.
Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered in the modeling. The Structure
is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The in-plane stiffness of floor slab has been
considered in the modeling of the structure while the stiffness contribution of partition walls
has been ignored.

5) Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live loads,
the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst seismically
active zone. Moreover, the residential building itself carries high importance and the seismic
force consideration is of upmost priority.
Seismic Coefficient method has been adopted for the lateral load analysis. The joint masses of
each floor are exported from the program and base shear is calculated manually. The base shear
is distributed to each floor as per relevant Indian Standard and applied to the model at the
center of mass. The program automatically calculates the center of stiffness of the structure.
Torsion is therefore accounted by the program itself. The rigid end effect has also been
considered in the analysis.

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 5.1) Load Cases
The following independent load cases have been considered
i. Dead Load (DL)
ii. Live load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in + ve X-direction (EQPX)
iv. Earthquake load in – ve X-direction (EQNX)
v. Earthquake load in + ve Y-direction (EQPY)
vi. Earthquake load in – ve Y-direction (EQNY)

5.2) Load Combinations

Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105 for the analysis of the
structural components of the building.

Load Combination
1. 1.5 Dead Load +1.5 Live Load
2. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-X
3. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-X
4. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-Y
5. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-Y
6. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-X
7. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-X
8. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-Y
9. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-Y
6) Design
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method as per
IS: 456 -2000. The designs of structural members (i.e. beams and columns) were carried
out by the program itself and the design results were checked manually. Here, longitudinal
reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load combination among
the above mentioned load combinations. A symmetric arrangement of the reinforcement
has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may occur. Longitudinal
reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load combination and it is calculated from
the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear reinforcement has been
calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -1993.

The design of slab, staircase and foundation has been carried out manually in spreadsheet.
Footings have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the base due to
dead load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic point of
view that reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column at
foundation for more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at boundary.
The slab has been designed as two-way slab and is based on the coefficient given in IS
456-2000. The deflection of slab has been checked and limited to the allowable deflection
as prescribed in the IS 456-2000.

7) Detailing of the Structural Elements

The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have been
shown in drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS 456:2000,
IS 1893:1984, SP-16 and SP-34.

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PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN
8) Sample Analysis Results

TABLE: Story Drifts

Story Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number Direction Drift

Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000688

Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.000703
Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.000694
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.000698
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.000713
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.000683
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000815
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.00085
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.000779
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.000925
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.000856
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.000994
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000823
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.000859
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.000787
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.000994
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.000925

Here, the Storey Drifts in any storey due to minimum specified lateral
force, with partial load factor of 1.0 has not exceed value 0.004.
Hence OK for drift check

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 9) Sample Designs
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams
The design results for the columns and beams using ETABS V18 are as follows:

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design(Envelope)

Column Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story 1 C7 37 Col 12" X 12" 3175 0.837

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 56 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Longitudinal Reinforcement Design for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction

Rebar Area Rebar
Column End
mm² %
Top 743 0.8
Bottom 1524 1.64

Design Axial Force & Biaxial Moment for Pu - Mu2 - Mu3 Interaction
Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
kN kN-m kN-m mm
kN kN-m kN-m mm
Top 112.5805 -4.6155 -24.0662 2794 Envelope
Bottom 94.7594 -56.9528 -17.0263 0 Envelope

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu2 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 36.8189 2794 Envelope
Bottom 337.85 36.8189 0 Envelope

Shear Reinforcement for Minor Shear, Vu3

Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Top 337.85 19.9161 2794 Envelope

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 Rebar Asv /s Design Vu3 Station Loc
Column End Controlling Combo
mm²/m kN mm
Bottom 337.85 54.757 0 Envelope

Joint Shear Check/Design

Shear Shear Joint

Joint Shear Controlling
Vu,Tot Vc Area
Ratio Combo
kN kN mm²
Major(Vu2) 0.461 229.9142 498.57 92903 1.5DL+1.3 LL +1.25 EQX
Minor(Vu3) 0.461 116.1365 498.57 92903 1.5DL+1.3 LL +1.25 EQX

Beam/Column Capacity Ratios

SumBeamCap SumColCap
1.4(B/C) Column/Beam Controlling
Moments Moments
Ratio Ratio Combo
kN-m kN-m
Major33 1.118 1.253 75.4898 104.5851 Envelope
Minor22 0.569 2.46 27.6672 104.5851 Envelope

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design (Envelope)

Beam Element Details

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Length (mm) LLRF
Story 1 B13 73 Beam 10" X 15" 4572 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 33 33

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Flexural Reinforcement for Major Axis Moment, Mu3

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J

Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar Rebar Area Rebar
mm² % mm² % mm² %
Top (+2 Axis) 489 0.51 190 0.2 393 0.41
Bot (-2 Axis) 245 0.25 305 0.32 197 0.2

Flexural Design Moment, Mu3

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 End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J
Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc Design Mu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm kN-m mm
Top (+2 Axis) -67.1077 152.4 0 3048 -55.0502 4419.6
Combo Envelope Envelope Envelope
Bot (-2 Axis) 0 152.4 43.5186 2286 0 4419.6
Combo Envelope 1.5DL+1.5LL Envelope

Shear Reinforcement for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I Middle End-J

Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s Rebar Asv /s
mm²/m mm²/m mm²/m
965.62 526.38 855.75

Design Shear Force for Major Shear, Vu2

End-I End-I Middle Middle End-J End-J

Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc Design Vu Station Loc
kN mm kN mm kN mm
99.2478 152.4 0.0526 3048 90.6257 4419.6
Envelope Envelope Envelope

Torsion Reinforcement

Shear
Rebar Asvt /s
mm²/m
489.72

Design Torsion Force

Design Tu Station Loc Design Tu Station Loc
kN-m mm kN-m mm
3.4953 647.7 3.4953 1143
Envelope Envelope

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 9.2) Sample Design of Slab

Design of Two Way Slab

lx = 2.5908 m Shorter Span in X-direction

ly = 4.2672 m Longer Span in Y-direction
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
Dia. Of
Bar = 8 mm

ly/lx = 1.65

Two Way Slab

Status
Overall depth of
Slab (D) = 127 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth
(d) = 103 mm

Load Calculation

Dead Load of Slab

= 3.175 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1 KN/m2
10" Wall on Slab= 0 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 4.175 KN/m2

Live Load = 2.5 KN/m2

Total Load = 6.675 KN/m2

Factored Load = 10.01 KN/m2

Type the Value for

Slab Type = 1 Type of Slab Value
Interior Pannels 1
One Short Edge
αx- 0.072 Discontinuous 2

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 One Long Edge
αy- 0.047 Discontinuous 3
Two Adjacent Edge
αx+ 0.054 Discontinuous 4
Two Short Edges
αy+ 0.035 Discontinuous 5
Two Long Edges
Discontinuous 6
Three Edge Discontinuous
(One Long Edge Cont.) 7
Three Edge Discontinuous
Mx- 4.8 KNm (One Short Edge Cont.) 8
My- 3.2 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous 9
Mx+ 3.6 KNm
My+ 2.4 KNm

Check for Depth Due to Moment

d= 42.65 mm

Check OK

Calculation of Area of Steel Required

Dia.
Of Suggestte Provi
Area Check Area bar d Provide ded
Calculat
ed For Required Used Spacing Spacing Area
Min.
mm2 Area mm2 mm mm mm mm2
Astx- 111 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335
Asty- 72 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335
Astx+ 83 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335
Asty+ 53 FALSE 153 8 329 150 335

Minimum Area of Steel

Ast,min 152.4 mm2

Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear
Force = 12.97 KN/m

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 Nominal Shear
Stress, Tv = 0.13 N/mm2

Pecent of Steel, p% = 0.33 %

Shear Strength of
Concrete, Tc = 0.40 N/mm2

k= 1.3
Shear Strength in
Slabs, Tc'= 0.52 N/mm2

Check OK

Check for Deflection

Steel Stresss of Service Loads, fs N/m

= 133 m2
Modification Factors
α= 26 Type Value of α
β= 1 Cantilever 7
Simply
γ= 2 Supported 20
Continuous 26
Allowable Value = 52.0
Actual Value = 25.2

Check OK

Depth from
Deflection = 49.8 mm

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 9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing

SAMPLE FOOTING CALCULATION FOR ISOLATED FOOTING

B2 & C2
1 Material Properties

Concrete strength 20 Mpa

Rebar strength 500 MPa
Safe bearing capacity 150 KN/m2
Lever arm Factor 0.456
Moment factor 2.66

Factored load 1.5(DL+LL) adoped

2 UNFactored load from ETABS
Axial load 356 KN Axial load 534 KN
M 6 KNm M 9 KNm
Eccetricity 0.0168539 m

3 Dimensions(col&pil)
Footing length 1.8288 m Required 5'-6" X 5'-6"
Footing Breadth 1.8288 m Provided 6'-0" X 6'-0"
Depth overall 0.428 m 1'-4"
Centroidal cover 0.08 m
Effective depth 0.348 m
Column length 0.304 m 12"
Column breadth 0.304 m 12"

4 Factored Soil Pressure

P,cen 175.63114 KN/m2
P,max 185.34267 KN/m2 ok 225 KN/m2
P,min 165.9196 KN/m2
Gradient 10.620662 KN/m2
Used capacity 123.56178 KN/m2
5 Design for moment
Dist of c.sec 0.7624 m
Pres at c.sec 177.24548 KN/m2
Avg load 138.2186 KN/m
Dist of applicaton 0.384 m
Moment at critical sec 53.075 KNm/m

Assume reinforcement
Bar diameter 12 mm
Spacing 150 mm
Ast provided 753.982 mm^2 ok 0.22%

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 Ast,min 417.6
Moment resistance 107.955 KNm/m ok
balanced depth 201.456 mm ok

6 Check for 1 way shear

Dist of critical section 0.4144 m
Pres at c.sec 180.94147 KN/m2
Avg shear stress 0.218 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 0.36 N/mm^2 ok

7 Check for 2 way shear

Dist of c.sec 0.5884 m
Pres at c.sec 179.09347 KN/m2
PSFA1 116.76895
PSFA2 338.95468
Avg Shear load 128.40247 KN
Shear st at c.sec 0.565 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 1.118 N/mm^2 ok

Provide reinforcement 12 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c

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 SAMPLE FOOTING CALCULATION FOR ISOLATED FOOTING
A1,A2,A3,B1,B3,C1,C3,D1,D2,D3
1 Material Properties

Concrete strength 20 Mpa

Rebar strength 500 MPa
Safe bearing capacity 150 KN/m2
Lever arm Factor 0.456
Moment factor 2.66

Factored load 1.5(DL+LL) adoped

2 UNFactored load from ETABS
Axial load 240.666 KN Axial load 361 KN
M 5.333 KNm M 8 KNm
Eccetricity 0.0221593 m

3 Dimensions(col&pil)
Footing length 1.6764 m Required 5'-0" X 5'-0"
Footing Breadth 1.6764 m Provided 5'-6" X 5'-6"
Depth overall 0.428 m 1'-4"
Centroidal cover 0.08 m
Effective depth 0.348 m
Column length 0.304 m 12"
Column breadth 0.304 m 12"

4 Factored Soil Pressure

P,cen 141.3004 KN/m2
P,max 152.50699 KN/m2 ok 225 KN/m2
P,min 130.0938 KN/m2
Gradient 13.369839 KN/m2
Used capacity 101.67133 KN/m2
5 Design for moment
Dist of c.sec 0.6862 m
Pres at c.sec 143.33261 KN/m2
Avg load 101.50257 KN/m
Dist of applicaton 0.346 m
Moment at critical sec 35.119 KNm/m

Assume reinforcement
Bar diameter 12 mm
Spacing 150 mm
Ast provided 753.982 mm^2 ok 0.22%
Ast,min 417.6
Moment resistance 107.955 KNm/m ok

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 balanced depth 201.456 mm ok

6 Check for 1 way shear

Dist of critical section 0.3382 m
Pres at c.sec 147.98532 KN/m2
Avg shear stress 0.146 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 0.36 N/mm^2 ok

7 Check for 2 way shear

Dist of c.sec 0.5122 m
Pres at c.sec 145.65896 KN/m2
PSFA1 94.969644
PSFA2 255.66273
Avg Shear load 86.46848 KN
Shear st at c.sec 0.381 N/mm^2
Shear stress capacity 1.118 N/mm^2 ok

Provide reinforcement 12 mm Dia @ 150 mm c/c

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 10) Design Summary
10.1) Column Design Summary

10.2) Beam Design Summary

10.3) Slab Design Summary

10.4) Footing Design Summary

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 PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
11) Annexes

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 12) Conclusion

After the complete analysis and design of the building components, the building is found
to be safe against the loads considered above. The Axial force, Bending moment, Shear
force and Torsion forces are checked at different sections of the beams and columns. All
the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to axial, shear,
flexural and torsion forces produced due to above forces.

The slab and foundations were designed manually. The depth of slab which is safe against
the deflection and shear and the reinforcement provided are sufficient to counter the
flexural forces as well. The foundation was checked against one-way shear, two-way shear
and bending moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe and the
reinforcement provided is sufficient. The structural safety would further depend upon the
effectiveness of construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria
followed during the construction phases.

To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian
Standard codes. Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns remains
higher than the adjacent beams. Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is Strong column
and Weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the elements are
vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more ductile. The
detail soil investigation report was not available so the bearing capacity of the soil is
assumed as 130 KN/m2 for medium type soil. Durable M20 concrete has been used in the
foundation which is in contact with the soil. And M20 is also used for column, Beams and
slabs. Ductile detailing has been extensively adopted for structural drawings.

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 1416References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces - Code of Practice
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for -Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem
Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
W.H. Mosley, J.H. Reinforced Concrete Design, fifth edition.
Bunggey & R. Hulse
Joseph E. Bowles Foundation Analysis and Design
Brian W. Boughton Reinforced Concrete Detailer’s Manual, Third Edition
The Institute of Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete, A manual for
best Structural Engineers practice, Third edition
M. G. Shah & C.M. RCC Theory and Design (Revised Edition)
Kale

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