7

Mathematics
Quarter 2 – Module 8:
Solving Linear Equations
and Inequalities in One
Variable
Mathematics – Grade 7
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 2 – Module 8: Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities in One
Variable First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear
learners, can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities,
questions, directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for
you to understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module,
or if you need to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to
answer the post-test to self-check your learning. Answer keys are
provided for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in
using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.

Thank you.

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help
you master Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable. The
scope of this module permits it to be used in many different learning
situations. The language used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of
students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard sequence of the
course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is comprised of only one lesson:

 Solving Linear Equations and Inequalities in One Variable

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. find the solution of linear equation or inequality in one variable;

2. solve linear equation or inequality in one variable involving absolute value
by:
(a) graphing; and (b) algebraic methods; and,
3. solve problems involving equations and inequalities in one variable.

What I Know

Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. What do you call the set of values that would make an equation or
inequality a true statement?
A. Equation set
B. Inequality value
C. Set value
D. Solution set
2. Which of the following values of x will satisfy the equation 6x – 10 = 8?
A. 2
B. 3
C. 4
D. 5
3. Which of the following values would make the inequality 7x + 5 ≥ 9 correct?
A. -2
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1
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4. Which of the following values of x will satisfy the inequality -6x - 4 ≤ 10?
A. -5, 4
B. -4, -3
C. -3, -2
D. -2, -1

5. Which of the following statements is NOT

correct? A. 7x – 2x = 15 if x = 3.
B. 4x + 2 ≥ 8 if x = 2.
C. – 3 (x + 2) < 10 if x = -6.
D. 4x + 11 = 15 if x = 1.

Lesson Solving Linear Equations

1 and Inequalities in One
Variable
In the previous lessons, you have learned that relationships between two
quantities which can either be an equation or an inequality. Do you
know that many practical problems in the real world require knowledge
and skills in dealing with equations and inequalities?

What’s
In
Before finding the solutions of linear equation or inequality in one
variable, let us review the basic concepts of equations or inequalities.

Recall that:

A linear equation in one variable is an equation that can be written in

the form ax + b = c, where a, b and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0.
Linear equations are also first-degree equations because the exponent
on the variable is always 1.

Examples: 𝑥 + 4 = 10 , 2𝑦 – 3 = 7, 3𝑝 + 1 = 4

A linear inequality in one variable is a mathematical statement

that relates a linear expression as either less than or greater than
another. It can be written in one of the following forms where a, b
and c are real numbers and a ≠ 0. ax + b < c; ax + b > c;
ax + b ≤ c; ax + b ≥ c;
Examples: 𝑥 + 4 > 10 2𝑦 – 3 < 7 3𝑝 + 1 ≥ 4

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 The absolute value of a number is the distance on the number line
between the number and zero without any regards to its direction.
Thus, the absolute value of any number is a non-negative.

Examples: │0│ = 0 │4│ = 4 │ − 12│ = 12

│7 − 2│ = 5 │2-7│= 5
Try this!

A. Identify which of the following is an equation or an inequality.

Write E if it is an equation and I if it is an inequality.

1. x – 5 = 15 4. 5x – 1 ≥ 24

2. 12 + y ≠ 10 5. 2y – y = 4

3. y + 8 > 10 6. 3x > -1

B. Give the absolute value of the following values:

1. │ − 17│ 3. │5 − 10│

2. │10 − 2│ 4. │9│ + │ − 6│

What’s New

Complete the following table by placing a check mark on the

cells that correspond to x values that will make the given
statement true.

𝑥 = −3 𝑥 = −2 𝑥 = −1 𝑥 = 2 𝑥 = 3
Expressions
1. 𝑥 + 10 = 7
2. 3𝑥 – 4 ≤ 2
3. −4𝑥 ≥ 1
4. 3𝑥 – 5 = 4
5. 7𝑥 = −14

1. In the table, are there any examples of linear equations that have
more than one solution?

2. Do you think that there can be more than one solution to a linear
inequality in one variable? Explain.

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 What is It

There are three (3) different ways to solve an equation or inequality by inspection.

A. Guess and Check

In this method, one guesses the solution and then substitute the
guessed value into the problem to see if the answer is correct.

In the previous activity, we saw that linear equation in one variable may
have a unique solution, but linear inequality in one variable may have
many solutions. The following examples further illustrate this idea.

Example 1. Determine if the given values of x are solutions to the equation 2𝑥 − 6

= 4.

2𝑥 – 6 =
4
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 F𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 4 F𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 5 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 6 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 7
2𝑥 – 6 = 4 2𝑥 – 6 = 4 2𝑥 – 6 = 4 2𝑥 – 6 = 4 2𝑥 – 6 = 4
2 (3) – 6 = 4 2 (4) – 6 = 4 2 (5) – 6 = 4 2 (6) – 6 = 4 2 (7) – 6 = 4
6– 6 = 4 8– 6 = 4 10 – 6 = 4 12 – 6 = 4 14 – 6 = 4
0 ≠ 4 2 ≠ 4 4 = 4 6 ≠ 4 8 ≠ 4
FALSE FALSE TRUE FALSE FALSE

Based on the evaluation, the equation is true if x = 5, while the rest

are not a solution. Therefore, we can say that the equation has a
unique solution.

Example 2. Verify if the given values of x are solutions to 6𝑥 − 2 ≤ 4.

6𝑥 − 2 ≤
4.
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 3 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 1 𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −1 F𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = −2
6𝑥 − 2 ≤ 6𝑥 − 2 ≤ 6𝑥 − 2 ≤ 6𝑥 − 2 ≤ 6𝑥 − 2 ≤
4 4 4 4 4
6(3) – 2 ≤ 4 6(2) – 2 ≤ 4 6(1) – 2 ≤ 4 6(−1) – 2 ≤ 4 6(−2) – 2 ≤ 4
18 – 2 ≤ 4 12 – 2 ≤ 4 6– 2 ≤ 4 −6 – 2 ≤ 4 −12 – 2 ≤ 4
16 ≤ 4 10 ≤ 4 4 ≤ 4 −8 ≤ 4 −14 ≤ 4

FALSE FALSE TRUE TRUE TRUE

Based on the evaluation, the values 1, -1 and -2 are solutions to

the inequality.

What happens if x is substituted with any negative number, or a

number that is less than or equal to 1? Can we consider all
numbers less than or equal to 1 solution to the given inequality?
B. Cover –up

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 In this method, one covers up the term with the variable.

Example1. 2𝑥 − 6 = 4

−6 = 4

Thus, to result in a true statement, the must be

10. Therefore, 2x must be 10, and x must be 5,

since 2(5) = 10.

Example2. 𝑥 − 4 > 2

−4 > 2

Thus, to result in a true statement, the must be greater than

6.

Since 7 is a number greater than 6, 7 – 4 > 2 is true. Thus all

real numbers greater than 6 is the solution.

C. Working Backwards

In this method, the reverse procedure is used.

Example1. 2𝑥 − 6 = 4

The equation tells that 𝑥 is multiplied by 2 and 6 is subtracted to

the product will give 4. Thus, if -6 is subtracted from 4 and
divided by 2, the value of x can be obtained, so x = 5.

The diagram below illustrates this.

Linear equations and inequalities in one variable can also be solved

algebraically by using the properties below.

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 Properties of Equality

Let a, b and c be any real numbers.

1. Addition Property of Equality (APE)
If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 + 𝑐 = 𝑏 + 𝑐.
2. Subtraction Property of Equality (SPE)
If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎 − 𝑐 = − 𝑐.
3. Multiplication Property of Equality (MPE)
If 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑎𝑐 = 𝑏 .
4. Division Property of Equality (DPE)
𝑎 𝑏
If 𝑎 = 𝑏 and 𝑐 ≠ 0, then = .
𝑐 𝑐
5. Substitution Law
If + 𝑏 = 𝑐 and 𝑎 = 𝑏, then 𝑏 + 𝑏 = 𝑐 or 𝑎 + 𝑎 = 𝑐 .
Note: The Subtraction Property of Equality and the Division Property of
Equality are special cases of the Addition and Multiplication Properties of
Equality, respectively. Think of subtracting 1 both sides of an equation as
adding -1 on both sides. Also, dividing on both sides by 2 of the equation
is also the same as multiplying both sides
by 1. To complete the properties of equality, we state the following properties.
2

Other Properties of Equality

For any real value of a, b, and c,
1. Reflexive Property. Any number is equal to itself.
𝑎 = 𝑎, 𝑏 = 𝑏, 𝑐 = 𝑐
2. Symmetric Property. The expressions on the both sides of the equation
may be interchanged.
If a = b, then b = a.
3. Transitive Property
If a = b and b = c, then a = c.
Examples. Solve each equation using the properties.
a. 2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6 c. 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3
b. 3 𝑥 + 5 = 8 d. 2(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥 + 1
4
Solutio
n: a. 2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6 Write the original equation
2𝑥 − 4 + 𝟒 = 𝑥 + 6 + 𝟒 APE (Add 4 on both sides)
2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 10 Simplify
2𝑥 − 𝒙 = 𝑥 − 𝒙 + 10 SPE (Subtract 𝑥 from both sides)
𝑥 = 10 Simplify

The graph of the solution of the equation 2𝑥 – 4 = 𝑥 + 6

which is 𝑥 = 10 is shown below.

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

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 b. 3 𝑥+5= 8 Write the original equation
4
3 𝑥+5−𝟓=8−𝟓 SPE (Subtract 5 from both sides)
4
3 𝑥=3 Simplify
4
(4 ) 3 𝑥 = 3 4( ) MPE (Multiply both sides by 4,
3 4 3 3
the inverse of 3)
4
= 4 Simplify
The graph of the solution of the equation 3 𝑥 + 5 = 8 which is
x
4
= 4 is shown below.

-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
c. 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 Write the original equation
3𝑥 + 12 = −3 Distributive Property (Multiply 3
to x and 3 to 4)
3𝑥 + 12 − 12 = −3 − 12 SPE (Subtract 12 from both sides)
3𝑥 = −15 Simplify
𝑥 = −5 DPE (Divide both sides by 3)

The graph of the solution of the equation 3(𝑥 + 4) = −3 which is

𝑥 = −5 is shown below.

d. 2(𝑥 − 3 ) = 𝑥 + 1 Write the original equation

2𝑥 − 6 = 𝑥 + 1 Distributive Property (Multiply 2
to x and 2 to - 3)
2𝑥 − 6 + 6 = 𝑥 + 1 + 6 APE (Add 6 to both sides)
2𝑥 = 𝑥 + 7 Simplify
2𝑥 − 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 𝑥 + 7 SPE (Subtract x from both sides)
𝑥=7 Simplify
The graph of the solution of the equation 2(𝑥 − 3) = 𝑥 + 1
which is 𝑥 = 7 is shown below.
Properties of Inequality
1. Trichotomy Property
For all real number a and b, only one of the following
is true: a < b, a =b, or a > b

Example: Let a = 1 and b = 2, by substitution we have 1 < 2, 1 = 2 , 1 > 2.

Of these 3, only one is true which is 1 < 2.
2. Transitive Property of
Inequality For all real
numbers a, b and c:
If a < b and b< c, then a
< c. If c > b and b > a,
then c > a.

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 Examples: Let a = 1 and b = 2 and
c = 3: If 1 < 2 and 2 < 3, then
1 < 3.
If 3 > 2 and 2 > 1, then 3 > 1.

3. Addition Property of Inequality

(API) For all real numbers a,
b and c:
If a > b, then a + c >
b + c. If a < b, then a
+ c < b + c.

Examples:
If 3 > 2, then 3+ 1 > 2 + 1.
If 1 < 2, then 1+ 3 < 2 + 3.

4. Subtraction Property of Inequality

(SPI) For all real numbers a, b
and c:
If a > b, then a - c >
b - c. If a < b, then a
- c < b - c.

Examples:
If 3 > 2, then 3 - 1 > 2 - 1.
If 3 < 5, then 3 - 2 < 5 - 2.

5. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Positive

Numbers For all numbers a, b and c, with c positive,
𝑏
If a > b then ac >bc and 𝑎 > .
𝑐 𝑐
𝑏
If a < b then ac <bc and 𝑎 < .
𝑐 𝑐

Examples:
If 5 > 3, then (5)(2) > (3)(2).
If 3 < 5, then (3)(2) < (5)(2).

6. Multiplication and Division Properties of Inequality by Negative

Numbers For all numbers a, b and c, with c negative,
𝑏
If a > b then ac <bc and < .
𝑐 𝑐
𝑏
If a < b then ac >bc and >
𝑐 𝑐

Example
2
s: < .
−1
If 4 > 2, then (4)(-1) < (2)(-1) >
3
.
and 4 −
−1
If 1 < 3, then (1)(-1) > (3)(-1)
and 1
−1

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These properties can be used to solve inequalities. When you substitute
a number for the variable, you can determine whether that value will
make the inequality a true or a false statement. Any value that makes
the sentence true is called a solution of the open sentence. Since
solutions of open sentences are real numbers, you can graph them on a
number line.

To graph an inequality:
1. If the symbol uses (≥ or ≤), draw a solid circle on a number line at
the indicated number. If the symbol uses > or <, draw an open
circle on the number line at the indicated number.
2. If the variable is greater than the indicated number, shade the
area on the number line on the right side of the indicated number.
If the variable is less than the indicated number, shade the area
on the number line on the left side of the indicated number.

Example:
Let us consider a point on the number line whose coordinate is 1.

1. The shaded portion of the graph shows all points whose coordinates
are less than 1, that is x < 1, are solution to the inequality. The
small unshaded circle on top of 1 means that 1 is not included in

In symbols, x = 1.
the solution of the inequality.
In symbols, x < 1.

2. The shaded portion on the graph which represents all numbers

greater than 1 are solution of the inequality x > 1, except for 1.

In symbols, x > 1.
3. The shaded circle on top of 1 and the arrow from 1 to left on the
number line indicate that all numbers to the left of 1, including 1,
are solutions of the inequality.

In symbols, x ≤ 1.

4. The graph shows all numbers to the right of 1, including 1, are

solutions of the inequality.

In symbols, x ≥ 1.

Solutions of inequalities can be represented using set notations. For

example, the inequality x > 1 can be written in set notation as

{ | 𝑥 > 1}

The set of all x such that x is greater than 1.

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Example: Solve each inequality then graph the

solution. a. 𝑥 + 2 > 5 b. −8 ≥ 𝑥 − 5

Solution:
a. 𝑥 + 2 > 5 Write the original inequality
𝑥 + 2−2 > 5−2 Subtract 2 from both sides
𝑥 > 3 Simplify

Any number greater than 3 will make the statement true.

Therefore, the solution set is {x|𝑥 > 3}.

To check the solution, try any number greater

than 3. Check:
𝑥+ 2 > 5 Write the
4 + 2 > 5 inequality Replace
6 > 5 x with 4
This statement is
true.

b. −8 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 Write the original inequality

−8 + 5 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 + 5 Add 5 to both sides
−3 ≥ 𝑥 Simplify

The solution set is {x |−3 ≥ 𝑥} or {𝑥| ≤ −3}.

To check the solution, try any number less than

-3. Check: −8 ≥ 𝑥 – 5 Write the inequality

−8 ≥ −4 – 5 Replace x with -4
−8 ≥ − 9 This statement is true.

Many absolute value equations and inequalities are not easy to solve by
the guess and check, cover-up and working backwards methods. These
can be solved by graphing and applying the properties of absolute
value.

Properties of Absolute Value

Let 𝑎 > 0.

1) If |𝑥| = 𝑎, then = 𝑎 or 𝑥 = −𝑎 .

2) If |𝑥| < , then – 𝑎 < 𝑥 < 𝑎.

3) If |𝑥| > 𝑎, then < −𝑎 or 𝑥 > 𝑎 .

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Example 1. Solve each equation.
a. │3𝑎 − 4│ − 11 = 15 b. │𝑐 − 7│ = │2𝑐 − 2│
Solution:
a. │3𝑎 − 4│ − 11 = 15 Write the original equation
│3 − 4│ − 11 + 11 = 15 + 11 Add 11 on both sides of the equation
|3𝑎 − 4│ = 26 Simplify
or
3𝑎 – 4 = 26 3𝑎 – 4 = −26 Apply Property 1
3𝑎 – 4 = 26 3𝑎 – 4 = −26
3𝑎 = 30 3𝑎 = −22
𝑎 = 10 22
𝑎= −
3 22
The solution set is {𝑥 | 𝑥 = 10, 𝑥 = − } .
3

b. │𝑐 − 7│ = │2𝑐 − 2│ Write the original equation

− 7 = +(2𝑐 – 2) 𝑐 − 7 = −(2𝑐 – Apply Property 1
2)
𝑐 − 7 = +(2𝑐 – 𝑐 − 7 = −(2𝑐 – 2)
2) 𝑐 – 7 = −2𝑐 + 2
𝑐 – 7 = 2𝑐 – 2 3𝑐 – 7 = 2
−𝑐 – 7 = −2 3𝑐 = 9
− = 5 𝑐 = 3
= −5

The solution set is {𝑥 |𝑥 = −5, 𝑥 = 3}.

Example 2. Solve and graph each inequality.

a. │𝑥 − 3│ < 4 b. │ − 2𝑥 + 3│ ≥ 7

Solution:
a. Use the fact that │𝑥 − 3│ < 4 is equivalent to −4 < 𝑥 − 3 < 4.
│𝑥 − 3│ < 4 Write the original equation
−4 < 𝑥 − 3 < 4 Apply Property 2
−4 + 3 < < 4+3 Add 3 to both sides
−1 < < 7 Simplify

The solution set is (−1, 7), or the real numbers between −1 and 7 or
{𝑥| − 1 < 𝑥 < 7}. The graph is shown below.

Note that -1 and 7 are not included in the solution set since an
open circle is being used in the graph.

14
 b. │ − 2𝑥 + 3│ ≥ 7 Write the original
−2𝑥 + 3 ≤ −7 or −2𝑥 + 3 ≥ 7 equation Apply
Property 3
−2𝑥 + 3 − 3 ≤ −7 − 3 −2𝑥 + 3 − 3 ≥ 7 – 3
Subtract 3 from both
−2𝑥 ≤ −10 −2𝑥 ≥ 4
sides Simplify
𝑥≥ 5 𝑥 ≤ −2
Divide both sides by -2

Note that multiplying and dividing an inequality with a negative

number means you must reverse the inequality sign. Recall that when you
multiply or divide both sides by a negative value, the sign of the resulting
product or quotient changes. This means that there is now a change in
value of the numbers in both sides. Here, you make the side that is of
greater value to have a “bigger” negative number, which actually means it is
now less than the value on the other side. To make the statement true, you
must reverse the inequality sign whenever you multiply or divide by a
negative number.

Thus, the solution set is {x|𝑥 ≤ −2 or 𝑥 ≥ 5} and the

graph is shown below.

Note that -2 and 5 are included in the solution set that will satisfy
the given inequality since a solid circle is being used in the graph.

To solve word problem, one must know how to write equations. There
are steps to follow in writing the equation and finding the solution.

Steps in Problem Solving

1. Read and explore the problem. Choose the variable to represent the unknown
number in the problem. This is called defining the variable.
2. Use this variable in writing expressions for other unknown numbers in the
problem.
3. Read the problem again and decide how the unknown relates to the other
information in the problem.
4. Write an equation to represent the relationship.
5. Solve for the unknown.
6. Check by going back to the original statement.

Illustrative Examples

A. Number Relation Problem

A number is 3 less than another number. If their sum is
49, find the two numbers.
Step 1: Let x be the first
number. Step 2: 𝑥 – 3 is the
other number.
Step 3: The sum of the two numbers is 49.
Step 4: 𝑥 + (𝑥 – 3) = 49

15
 Step 5: 𝑥 + 𝑥 – 3 = 49 Remove the parentheses
2𝑥 − 3 = 49 Combine like terms
2𝑥 − 3 + 3 = 49 + 3 Add 3 to both sides
2 = 52 Simplify
𝒙 = 26 Divide both sides by 2
Since 𝑥 = 26, substitute 26 in the second number, that is 𝑥 –
3
second number = 𝑥 – 3
= 26 − 3
= 23
Step 6: Check: The two numbers, 26 and 23, when added is
equal to 49, and 23 is 3 less than 26.
Answer: The first number is 26 and the other number is 23.

B. Consecutive Numbers Problem

The sum of three consecutive even integers is 96. Find the
largest of these integers.
Step 1: Let x be the first even
integer. Step 2: 𝑥 + 2 is the second
even integer.
𝑥 + 4 is the third and largest even integer.
Step 3: The sum of the three consecutive even integers is 96.
Step 4: (𝑥) + (𝑥 + 2) + (𝑥 + 4) = 96
Step 5: 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 2 + 𝑥 + 4 = 96
3𝑥 = 96 − 6
3𝑥 = 90
𝒙 = 30 the first even
integer Since 𝑥 = 30, substitute 30 in 𝑥 + 2
and 𝑥 + 4 second even integer = 𝑥 + 2
= 30 + 2
= 32
third even integer = 𝑥 + 4
= 30 + 4
= 34
Step 6: Check: The consecutive even integers, 30, 32 and 34
when added is equal to 96.
Answer: The largest of the three even integers is 34.

C. Geometric Relation Problem

The area of a rectangle is three times the area of a square. If
four times the area of the square is twelve square centimeters
bigger than the area of the rectangle, what is the area of the
square and the area of the rectangle in square centimeters?
Step 1: Let 𝑥 be the area of the 𝑥 3𝑥
square. Step 2: 3𝑥 is the area of
the rectangle. Step 3: 4𝑥 is 12 𝑐𝑚2
bigger than 3𝑥.
Step 4: 4𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 12
Step 5: 4𝑥 − 3𝑥 = 12
𝒙 = 12 𝑐𝑚2 The area of the square
3𝑥 = 3(12𝑐𝑚2)
𝟑𝒙 = 36 𝑐𝑚2 The area of the rectangle

16
 Step 6: Check: The area of the rectangle, 36 𝑐𝑚2, is three times
the area of the square 12 𝑐𝑚2.
Answer: The area of the square is 12 𝑐𝑚2 and the area of the
rectangle is
36𝑐𝑚2.
D. Age Problem
Mark is now 25 years older than his son. In 7 years, he will be 3
years
more than thrice as his son’s age. What are their present ages?

Step 1: Let 𝑥 be the age of Mark’s son.

Step 2: Let 𝑥 + 25 be Mark’s present age
Step 3: After 7 years, each age is increased by 7
Son’s age: 𝒙 + 𝟕 Mark’s age: 𝑥 + 25 + 7 = x + 32
Step 4: In 7 years, Mark’s age will be 3 years more than thrice his son’s
age, we have 𝑥 + 32 = 3(𝑥 + 7) + 3
Step 5: 𝑥 + 32 = 3(𝑥 + 7) + 3
𝑥 + 32 = 3𝑥 + 21 + 3
𝑥 + 32 = 3𝑥 + 24
32 − 24 = 3𝑥 − 𝑥
8 = 2𝑥
4 = 𝑥 son’s age at present
𝑥 + 25 = 4 + 25 = 29 Mark’s age at present
Step 6: Check: Mark’s age is 25 years more than his son’s age:
29 = 4 +
25. In 7 years, their ages will be 36 and 11,
respectively. Thus, Mark’s age is 3 years more than
thrice his son’s age: 36 = 3(11) + 3
Answer: Mark’s present age is 29 and his son’s age is 4.

E. Distance Problem
Two cars leave Manila and travel in opposite directions. One
of the cars’ average speed is12 km/h less than the other. After 3
hours, they are 396 km apart. What is the average speed of each
car?

Note: The distance covered by a moving body/object is the

product of the time spent and the rate of the moving body.
𝑑 = 𝑟𝑡
Step 1: Let 𝑟 be the rate of the first car in km/h.
𝑟 − 12 is the rate of the second car.
Step 2: 3𝑟 is the distance covered by the first car after 3 hours.
3(𝑟 − 12) is the distance covered by the second car after 3
hours.
Step 3: The total distance covered by the car
is 396. Step 4: 3𝑟 + 3(𝑟 − 12) = 396
Step 5: 3𝑟 + 3(𝑟 − 12) = 396
3𝑟 + 3𝑟 − 36 = 396
6𝑟 = 396 + 36
6𝑟 = 432
= 72 𝑘𝑚/ℎ rate of the first car
𝑟 – 12 = 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ rate of the second car

17
 Step 6: Check: The sum of the distances covered by the two
cars should be 396 km. Thus,
3𝑟 + 3(𝑟 − 12) = 396
3(72) + 3(60) = 396
216 + 180 = 396
396 = 396
Answer: The average speed of the first car and second car are
72 𝑘𝑚/ℎ
and 60 𝑘𝑚/ℎ, respectively.

F. Money Problem

Jane has some 1-peso coins and 4 more 5-peso coins

than 1-peso coins, making a total of 22 coins. How much
money does she have?

Step 1: Let 𝑥 be the number of 1-peso coins.

𝑥 + 4 is the number of 5-peso
coins. Step 2: 1.00𝑥 is the amount of 1-
peso coins.
5.00(𝑥 + 4) is the amount of 5-peso coins.
Step 3: The total number of 1-peso and 5-peso
coins is 22. Step 4: 𝑥 + (𝑥 + 4) = 22
Step 5: 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 4 = 22
2𝑥 = 22 − 4
2𝑥 = 18
𝑥= 9 number of 1-peso coins
𝑥 + 4 = 9 + 4 = 13 number of 5-peso
coins 1.00(9) = Php 9.00 amount of 1-peso
coins 5.00(13) = Php 65.00 amount of 5-peso
coins
Php 9.00 + Php 65.00 = Php 74.00 total amount of money
Jane has
Step 6: Check: The nine 1-peso coins added to thirteen 5-peso
coins is equal to 22 coins. Also, nine 1-peso coins is
equal to Php 9.00 and the thirteen 5-peso coins is equal
to Php 65.00, making a total of Php 74.00.
Answer: Jane has a total money of Php 74.00.
G. Inequality Problems

1. Khiff has Php 300 to ride a roller coaster and play games in the
amusement park. If a ticket to a roller coaster ride costs Php
60.00, what is most amount he can spend on games?

Step 1: Let 𝑥 be the amount of money Khiff can spend on

games. Step 2: 60 + 𝑥 is the amount he can spend in the
amusement park Step 3: At most means less than or equal
to
Step 4: 60 + 𝑥 ≤ 300
Step 5: 60 + ≤ 300
60 − 60 + 𝑥 ≤ 300 − 60 Subtract 60 from both sides
≤ 240 Simplify
Step 6: Check by choosing an amount less than or equal to
Php 240 or an amount greater than Php 240.
18
 Php 200 − 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑃ℎ𝑝 Php 250 − 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑃ℎ𝑝
240 240
Let’s check if Php 200 is a Let’s check if Php 250 is a
possible solution if 𝑥 ≤ 240. possible
60 + 𝑥 ≤ 300 solution if 𝑥 ≤ 240.
60 + 200 ≤ 300 60 + 𝑥 ≤ 300
260 ≤ 300. 60 + 300 ≤ 300
CORRECT 360 ≤ 300
INCORRECT
Comparing the two solutions above, we can say that
the most amount Khiff can spend on games is Php
240.00.
Answer: Khiff can spend at most Php 240.00 on games.

2. Khaye is saving money for a field trip. She has Php 1, 500 but
her goal is to save at least Php 8,000. What is the least amount
Khaye needs to save to reach her goal?

Step 1: Let 𝑥 be the amount of money Khaye still needs to save.

Step 2: 1500 + 𝑥 is the total amount Khaye needs to save to reach her goal
Step 3: At least means greater than or
equal to Step 4: 1500 + 𝑥 ≥ 8000
Step 5: 1500 + 𝑥 ≥ 8000
1500 − 1500 + 𝑥 ≥ 8000 − 1500 Subtract 1500 from both sides
≥ 6500 Simplify
Step 6: Check by choosing an amount greater than or equal to Php
6500
or an amount less than Php 6500, then compare its result.

Php 6500 − 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑜 𝑃ℎ𝑝 Php 6000 − 𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑡 𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛 𝑃ℎ𝑝
6500 6500

Let’s check if Php 6500 is a Let’s check if Php 6000 is a

possible possible
solution if 𝑥 ≥ 6500. solution if 𝑥 ≥ 6500.
1500 + 𝑥 ≥ 8000 1500 + 𝑥 ≥ 8000
1500 + 6500 ≥ 8000 1500 + 6000 ≥ 8000
8000 ≥ 8000. 7500 ≥ 8000.
CORRECT INCORRECT
Comparing the two solutions above, we can say that
the least amount Khaye needs to save is Php 6500.00.
Answer: The least amount Khaye needs to save to reach
her goal is Php 6500.00.

Points to Remember:
 The values of the variable that result in a true statement are called solutions
or roots of the equation.
 To solve an equation means to find all the solutions of the equation.
 The solution set of an inequality is the set of values that makes the
inequality a true statement.
 Solving Inequalities is the same as solving an equation. You see the same
steps as in solving equations, but the only difference is if you multiply or
divide by a negative number. Multiplying and dividing an inequality with a
negative number means you must reverse the inequality sign.
Example: -4x < 12
x > -3
 What’s More

Let us try to answer more challenging set of problems.

A. Match the solutions under Column B to each equation or

inequality in one variable under Column A. Remember that
inequalities can have more than one solution. List all acceptable
solutions.

COLUMN A COLUMN B
1. 4𝑥 − 4 = 12 A. −1
2. 2𝑥 − 1 = 3 B. 0
3. 𝑥 – 2 > 7 C. 1
4. 4𝑥 > 12 D. 2
5. 𝑥 – 5 > 3 E. 3
6. 𝑥 + 4 = 5 F. 4
7. 7𝑥 – 5 = 16 G. 5
8. 5𝑥 = 30 H. 6
9. 3𝑥 – 1 < −1 I. 9
10. 2𝑥 – 5 = 13 J. 10

B. Match the following inequalities with its graph. Write the letter that
corresponds to the graph of the given equations and inequalities.
1. │x│≤ 3
2. │x - 2│≤ 3
3. │x - 1│≤ 3

4. x – 4 ≤ -1

5. x + 3 > 5
6. 2x -1 ≥ - 5

C. Use the variable x to represent the unknown.

1. Julie is 15 years old now. Represent her age 𝑥 years ago.
2. Represent “four less than a given number” if the given
number is represented by 3𝑥.
3. The number of days is at most than 14.
4. Express 72 as the sum of three consecutive even integers.
5. A number is 9 times the other and their sum is 100.

Good job! Get ready for another learning battle ahead!

 What I Have
Learned
Here is another activity that will let you apply what you have learned
about solving linear equations and inequalities in one variable. Choose the
word/expressions from the box to fill in each blank to make a statement
true.

solution set divide 𝑥 < −𝑎 or 𝑥 > 𝑎

subtract working defining the variable
backward
multiply –a<x<a cover-up
guess and -3 Trichotomy Property of Inequality
check add 1 Symmetric Property of Equality
3

1. There are three (3) different ways to solve an equation or inequality

in one variable by inspection. These include the guess and check
method, cover-up method and the method.

2. The method will let one guesses and substitutes values to

see if the value being substituted will make the equation true.

3. The of an inequality is the set of values that makes the

inequality a true statement.

4. Subtracting 3 from both sides of the equation is the same as

adding to both sides of the equation.

5. To solve x + 8 = 12, 8 from both sides of the equation.

6. To solve -2x – 5 = -x, x on both sides of the equation.

7. The tells us that the expressions on the both sides of the

equation may be interchanged.

8. If |𝑥| < , then .

9. To solve 10𝑥 = 140, both sides of the equation by 10.

10. The first step in solving word problems is choosing the variable to
represent the unknown number in the problem. This is called .
Nice work! Now you’re up for the next challenge of this lesson.

What I Can Do

Apply what you have learned about solving linear equations and
inequalities in one variable.
A. Find the solution of the equation or inequality using the three
methods. For items 1-3, use Guess and Check Method.
1. 4 (x + 2) = 6x + 6 if x = -1 , x = 1 , x = 2
2. -3 (x + 2) < 11 if x = 5 , x = 6 , x = -6
3. 2x + 5 ≥ - 1 if x = -3, x = 0, x = 3

For items 4-5, use Cover-up Method.

4. x + 9 = 14
5. 2x – 5 = 13

For items 6-7, use Working Backwards method by

illustrating a diagram.
6. 4x + 7 = 15
7. 6x – 4 = 20

B. Solve the following equation and inequality. Then show the graph of
each inequality.

1. -3 │x + 3│ + 6 = - 3 4. │x + 1│ < 3
2. │2x + 5│= 2 5. │x - 3│ > 2
3. │2x +4│≥ 12

Assessment

Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the
chosen letter on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the value of x that would make the equation 4x – 8 = 12 correct?

A. 3
B. 5
C. 7
D. 9
2. Which of the following is a possible solution of -7x - 4 ≤ 10?
A. -5
B. -4
C. -3
D. -2

3. Which of the following values will satisfy the equation 12x - 14 = 10?
A. -3
B. -2
C. 2
D. 3

4. What is a possible solution of 7x + 5 ≥ 9?

A. -2
B. -1
C. 0
D. 1
5. What are the possible solutions of 6(x – 5)
> 13? A. 1, 3
B. 4, 5
C. 6, 7
D. 8, 9

6. What are the values of x in the equation│x + 5│ = 4?

A. x = -1 and x = -9
B. x = 1 and x = -9
C. x = -1 and x = 9
D. x = 1 and x = 9

7. What are the solutions to the equation │3x - 5│- 4= 10?

A. x = 3 and x = 19
3
19
B. x = 3 and x = −
3
19
C. x = -3 and x = −
3
D. x = -3 and x = 19
3

8. What is/are the value/s of x in the equation │x│ = 2?

A. 2
B. -2
C. 2 or -2
D. 22

9. What is the solution set of the inequality │x + 2│< 6?

A. { x│ -8 < x < 4}
B. { x│ -8 < x > 4}
C. { x│ -8 > x > 4}
D. { x│ -8 > x < 4}

10. What values of a will satisfy the inequality │4a + 1│ > 5?

A. { a│ a < - 3 or a > 1}
2
B. { a│ a > - 3 or a > 1}
2
C. { a│ a < - 3 or a < 1}
2
D. { a│ a < - 3 or a > 1}
2
What I Know What’s In What’s More
A. B.
1. D A. B.
2. B 1. E 1. 17 1. F 1. d
3. D 2. I 2. 8 2. D 2. f
4. D 3. I 3. 5 3. J 3. b
5. C 4. I 4. 15 4. F, G, H, I, J 4. c
5. E 5. I, J 5. a
6. I 6. C 6. e
What’s New 7. E
-
What I Have a. x= 3 8. H
- - -
Learned b. x = 3, x = 2 , x = 1 , x = 2 9. A
- - -
c. x = 3, x = 2 , x = 1 10.I
d. x=3 C.
e. x = -2 1. 15 − 𝑥
1. working backward
−
2. guess and check 2. 3𝑥 4
1. No. 3. 𝑥 ≤ 14
3. solution set 2. Yes.
4. -3 4. (𝑥 ) + (𝑥 + 2 ) + ( 𝑥 + 4) = 72
5. subtract or
2 𝑥 + (2𝑥 + 2) + (2𝑥 + 4) = 72
6. add
5. 9𝑥 + 𝑥 = 100
7. Symmetric
What I Can Do
Property of
Equality A. 1. x = -1 (not solution) Assessment
–
8. a<x<a x = 1 (solution) 1. B
9. divide x = 2 (not solution) 2. D
2. x = 5 (solution) 3. C
10. defining the
x = 6 (solution) 4. D
variable
x = -6 (not solution) 5. D
3. x = -3, 0 3 (solutions) 6. A
4. x=5 7. D
5. x=9 8. C
6. x=2 9. A
7. x=4 10. A
B. 1. x = -6, x = 0
− −
2. x = 27, x = 23
3.
4.
5.
2
-
References

1. Department of Education Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

(2016) Grade 7 Mathematics Teacher’s Guide. Lexicon Press Inc.,
Philippines

2. Oronce, Orlando A., et.al, E-Math I Elementary Algebra Revised

Edition 2010. Rex Book Store, Inc.

3. De Leon, Cecille M., et.al, Integrated Mathematics Textbook for First

Year. JTW Corporation 2000.

4. Mathematics – Grade 7 Learner’s Material First Edition, 2013,

ISBN: 978- 971-9990- 60-4, pp. 76-82.

5. Julieta G. Bernabe (2009). Elementary Algebra. JTW

Corporation., Quezon City, Philippines

6. The New High School Mathematics First Year (2003) by Diwa

Scholastics Press Inc., Philippines

7. Grade 7 Mathematics – Patterns and Practicalities, Updated

Edition, ISBN: 978-971-9978- 17-6, pp. 280-282; 296-298.

8. Elementary Algebra Textbook For First Year, Pilot Edition,

ISBN: 9781- 07-2168-2, pp. 280-282; 296-298.

9. https://www.expii.com/t/solving-inequalities-with-negative
multiplication- or-division-rules-examples
4272#:~:text=When%20you%20multiply%20
both%20sides,multiply%20by%20a%20negative%20number

26
 EDITOR’S NOTE
This Self-learning Module (SLM) was developed by DepEd
SOCCSKSARGEN with the primary objective of preparing for and
addressing the new normal. Contents of this module were based
on DepEd’s Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC). This is
a supplementary material to be used by all learners of Region XII
in all public schools beginning SY 2020-2021. The process of LR
development was observed in the production of this module. This
is version 1.0. We highly encourage feedback, comments, and
recommendations.

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education - Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR)

Ground Floor, Bonifacio Bldg., DepEd Complex

Meralco Avenue, Pasig City, Philippines 1600

Telefax: (632) 8634-1072; 8634-1054; 8631-4985

Email Address: [email protected] * [email protected]