Grade

10

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 7
MELC 12

Problems Involving Circles and

Geometric Figures on the
Coordinate Plane
PART I
MELC 12: Graphs and solves problems involving circles and other
geometric figures on the coordinate plane

A. Introduction and Discussion

The goal of this module is to test further your understanding of the problems related to
geometric figures on coordinate plane by solving more challenging problems. After doing
the following activities, you should be able to find out how the previous lessons are used in
solving real-life problems and in making decisions.
This lesson is written for you to:
a. apply the equation of a circle both in Standard Form and General Form,
b. solve problems that are related to equation of a circle given the center and radius,
and
c. analyze and solve problems involving geometric figures on the coordinate plane.

You knew from the previous lesson that the set of all points on a plane equidistant
from a fixed point is called a circle. The fixed point is called the center. If the circle is on
the Cartesian coordinate plane, the distance formula will lead us to write an algebraic
condition for a circle.

In the figure, if A has coordinate

(x, y), and the center is
located at the origin, then
using the distance formula

it will give us
By squaring both sides,

Thus, the equation of a circle with center at (0, 0) and radius r in standard
form is . Equation 1

In the coordinate plane given above, center C has

coordinates (h, k) and radius r. By Pythagorean
Theorem, the distance from the center of the circle to
a point A(x, y) on the circle can be solved. This will
also give us the standard form of the equation of a
circle.

=r
 The standard form of the equation of the circle with center at (h, k) and radius r is
. Equation 2
The standard form of the equation of a circle with center at C(h, k) and radius r can
be presented in another form. This is done by squaring the binomials and simplifying the
results.

.
By assigning capital letters D, E and F to represent the constants, the equation will
now assume this general form.
. Equation 3
A. Illustrative Example:
Directions: Problem Solving. Solve the following problems. Sketch the figure and show the
complete solution.
Example 1. Find the equation of the circle whose center is the origin and the radius is 3.
 Example 2. Find the equation of a circle with center at (1, 5) and a radius of 3 units.

Solution:
Steps Figure Expression Discussion
Step 1. Identify the given. r = 3 center (1, Given are radius and
5) the center (1, 5), where
h=1 (x value) and k=5 (y
value).

Step 2. Illustrate the figure.

Sketch the circle on the

plane.

Step 3. Identify the possible Since the center of the

equation to be used. circle is not located at the
. center of the coordinate
plane, equation 2 is used.

Step 4. Substitute the value Substitute the following

needed in the equation. . values in the standard
form: h = 1, k = 5, and r
= 3.

Step 5. Simplify the equation in 32 = 3 3 = 9, therefore, the

step 4. equation of a circle is

Example 3. Find the equation of a circle whose center is at (4, 2) and is tangent to y-axis.

Solution:
Steps Figure Expression Discussion
Step 1. Identify the center (4, 2) center (4, 2), where h=4
given. circle is tangent to y-axis (x value) and
k=2 ( y value)
Step 2. Illustrate the Since the circle is tangent
figure. to y-axis, the radius of the
circle is perpendicular to y-
axis. It also means that the
length of the radius is also
the length of the
perpendicular segment
from the center of the circle
to y –axis. From the figure,
you can determine that the
point of tangency is at (0,
2). To find the length of the
radius, use the distance
formula or simply count
how many units from the
center to the point of
tangency. So, radius = 4.

Step 3. Identify the . Since the center of the circle

possible equation to be is not located at the center
used. of the coordinate plane,
equation 2 is used.

Step 4. Substitute the . Substitute the following

value needed in the values in the standard form
equation. h = 4, k = 2, and r = 4.

Step 5. Simplify the 42 = 4 4 = 16, therefore, the

equation in step 4. equation of a circle is

Example 4.
Determine the center and the radius of the circle that is defined by the equation
(x - 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 81.
Solution:
Steps Figure Expression Discussion
Step 1. Identify the
given. (x - 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 81 A standard equation of a
circle.

What is asked? Find the center (h, k) and the

radius r.

Step 2. Standard
equation of a circle. (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 Compare the given equation
and the
Standard form equation.
Step 3. The equation is in (x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2 h = 6, k = 5
center-radius form, then
we can determine the
(x - 6)2 + (y - 5)2 = 81
coordinates of the center
and the radius of the
circle. solve for r,
r2 = 81
Extract the square root
r=
r=9

Step 4. Conclusion Center (h, k) = (6, 5) Based from the equation

Radius r = 9 given above, h = 6 and k =
5.

Example 5. A particular cell phone tower is designed to service a 12 mile radius. The Tower
is located (-3, 5) on a coordinate plane whose units represents miles. What is the standard
equation of the outer boundary of the region serviced by the tower? Is a cell phone user at
(8,0) within the service area?
Solution:
Steps Figure Expression Discussion
Step 1. Identify the 12 miles radius
given.
(-3, 5) Center h=3, k= -5

What is asked? What is the standard

equation of the outer
boundary of the region
serviced by the tower?

Use Standard form

because of the given.

Step 2. Substitute all The standard form of the

the given from the equation of a circle.
equation. (x+3)2 + (y-5)2 = 144
Standard form

Substitute h, k and r.

Step 3. Conclusion D= √(x2-x1)2 + (y2-y1)2 Using the Distance Formula

=√(8- -3)2 + (0-5)2
= √146 The cellphone user is
= 12.08 mi. outside the service range.
The distance from the
center to the cell phone is
largen than
The radius of the covierage
area ( 12.08 mi > 12 mi.
PART II Activities

A. Directions: Solve the following problems. Sketch the figure and show the complete
solution.
___________1. What is the center and radius of a circle if the given equation is
x 2 + (y - 4)2 = 121?
___________2. Give the radius of equation of the circle x2 + y2 = 169.
___________3. Write the equation of the circle with center at (-3, 9) and tangent to the x-axis.
___________4. Write the equation of a circle with center at (7, 6) and passing through (2,5).
___________5. A circle is tangent to both axes, center at the first quadrant, and radius is 2
units.

B. Directions: Solve the following and find out more. Write your final answer on the space
provided for before each number.
____________________1. Write the equation of the circular table with center at (-3, 8) and the
diameter is 18 units, where 1 unit is equivalent to 1 foot.
_____________________ 2. Write the equation of a circle with center at (2, 3) and passing
through (8, 7).
_____________________ 3. The Municipal Disaster and Risk Reduction Management
Committee (MDRRMC) advised the residents living within the 15 km radius critical area to
evacuate due to typhoon Tiban. On the map that is drawn on coordinate plane, the coordinates
corresponding to the location on where the landfall of the typhoon is (3, 4). If each unit on the
coordinate plane is equivalent to 1 km, what is the equation of the circle enclosing the critical
area?
_____________________ 4. Refer to number 3, suppose you live at point (11, 2). How far are
you from the critical area?
_____________________ 5. Television networks used towers to transmit signal to a circular
area. On the grid of a city, the coordinates that correspond to the location of the towers and the
radius each covers are as follows: Torres Tower is (-5, -3) covers a 9 km radius: and Love
Tower is at (3, 6) covers a 4 km radius. Which television network transmit signal to subscriber
located at (12, 2)?
 Key Answer

5. none
4.
(y - 4)2 = 225
3)2 = 52 3. . (x – 3)2 +
2. . (x – 2)2 + (y -
8)2 = 81
1. .(x + 3)2 + (y -
Activity B

. (x – 2)2 + (y - 2)2 = 4
5.
.(x – 7)2 + (y - 6)2 = 26
4.
.(x + 3)2 + (y - 9)2 = 81
3.
r = 13 2.
(0, 4); r =11 1.
Activity A

References

CALLANTA, CANONIGO, ET. AL. (2015). Mathematics 10-Learners Module. Quezon City,
Philippines. Rex Book Store, Inc.

Web Links: Distance Formula and Midpoint Formula

https://www.regentsprep.org/Regents/math/geometry/GCG2/indexGCG2.htm

https://www.cliffnotes.com/math/geometry/coordinate-geometry/midpoint-formula

Web Links: Equation of a Circle

https://www.mathopenref.com/coordbasiccircle.html

https://www.mathopenref.com/coordgeneralcircle.html

https://www.math-worksheet.org/using-equation-of-circles
PART III Assessment

Directions: Find out how much you already knew about this module. Choose the correct letter
that you think best answers each of the following questions.

1. A map is drawn on a grid where 1 unit is equivalent to 1 km. On the same map, the
coordinates of the point corresponding to San Nicolas is (1, 4). Suppose Sinangguyan is 20 km
away from San Nicolas. Which of the following could be the coordinates of the point
corresponding to Sinangguyan?
A. (17, 16) B. (17, 10) C. (9, 10) D. (-15, 16)

2. What are the coordinates of the midpoint of a segment whose endpoints are (-5, 2) and (9,
12)?
A. (7, 5) B. (2, 7) C. (-7, 5) D. (7, 2)

3. What is the distance between the points M(5, 7) and N(5, -4)?
A. B. C. D.

4. Three speed cameras were installed at different points along an expressway. On a map
drawn on a coordinate plane, the coordinates of the first speed camera are (-2, 4). Suppose the
second camera is exactly between the other two and its coordinates are (12, 8). What are
the coordinates of the third speed camera?
A. (26, 12) B. (26,16) C. (22, 12) D. (22,16)

5. The distance between points M(x, 5) and C(5, -1) is 10units. What is the x-coordinate of M, if
it lies in the second quadrant?
A. -7 B. -3 C. -1 D. 4

6. The coordinates of the vertices of a triangle are T(-4, 2), O(5, -1), and P(10, 8). What is the
length of the segment joining the midpoint of and O?
A. B. C. D.

7. What figure is formed when the points M(-2, 10), I(8, 8), L(6, 2), , and K(-4, 4) are connected
consecutively?
A. Parallelogram B. Trapezoid C. Square D. Rectangle
8. A tracking device that is installed in a mobile phone indicates that its user is located at a
point whose coordinates are (18, 14). In the tracking device, each unit on the grid is equivalent
to 7 km. If the phone user came from a place whose coordinates are (2, 6), how far has he
travelled?
A. B. C. D.
9. A radio signal can transmit messages up to a distance of 5 km. If the radio signal’s origin is
located at a point whose coordinates are (-2, 7), what is the equation of the circle that defines
the boundary up to which the messages can be transmitted?
A. B.
C. D.

10. The endpoints of a diameter of a circle are L(-6, 8) and M(4, -2). What is the length of the
radius of the circle?
A. B. C. D.
11. Which of the following equation describes a circle on the coordinates plane with a center
at (2, -3) and a radius of 5 units?

A. B.
C. D.

12. The line segment joining ( -10, 2) and (6, 10) is a diameter. What is the radius?
A. 16 B. 20 C. D.

13. A circle is tangent to both axes and the radius at the first quadrant is 4 units. .
A. B.
C. D.

13. Find the equation of a circle with center at (5, 1) and a radius of 10 units.
A. x2+y2+10x+2y+74=0 B. x2+y2-10x-2y+74=0
2 2
C. x +y -10x-2y-74=0 D. x2+y2+10x+2y-74=0

15. The equation that represents the transmission boundaries of a cellular phone tower is
x2+y2-10x+2y-199=0. What is the greatest distance, in kilometer, can the signal of the
tower be transmitted?
A. 5km B. 15km C. 20km D. 25km