Central Luzon State University

Science City of Muñoz 3120

Nueva Ecija, Philippines

Instructional Module for the Course

Hospitality and Tourism Management

Module 1
Topic 1 Overview of Tourism Industry
Overview
Tourism is a major global industry. It is one of the most fastest
growing industry. Its growth has fueled by several factors such as
development in transportation and communication. If the tourism industry
was not hit by the pandemic, the demand would have been continuously
rising. The desire of people to go out and visit tourism destination still
persist even the government imposes restriction on people’s movement. This
only goes to show that the industry has still promising future despite of the
current situation. In this module, definition, history and components of
tourism will be discussed.

I. Objectives
1. Define and explain Tourism
2. Trace the Historical Development of Tourism
3. Identify the components of Tourism
 TOURM 1115 (Hospitality and Tourism Management)

II. Learning Activities

Tourism is one of the world’s fastest-growing industries and a major

foreign exchange and employment generation for many countries. It is one of
the most remarkable economic and social phenomena.

The world ‘tour’ is derived

from the Latin word tornus,
meaning ‘a tool for making a
circle’. Tourism may be defined as
the movement of the people from
their normal place of residence to
another place (with the intention
to return) for a minimum period of
twenty-four hours to a maximum
of six months for the sole purpose of leisure and pleasure. According to WTO
(1993)” Tourism encompasses the activities of persons traveling and staying in
places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year
for leisure, business, and other purposes.” The Rome conference on tourism in
1963 defined tourism as ‘ a visit to a country other than one’s own or where one
usually resides and works’. This definition, however, did not take into account
domestic tourism, which has become an important money-spinner and job
generator for the hospitality industry.

The UNWTO defines tourists as ‘people who travel to and stay in place
outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for
leisure, business and other purposes not related to the exercise of an activity
remunerated from within the place visited’.

According to the Tourism Society of Britain,” tourism is the temporary

short-period movement of people to destination outside the places where they
normally live, work; and activities during their stay at these destinations.” This
definition includes the movement of people for all purposes.

The development of technology and transportation infrastructure, such as

jumbos jets, low-cost airlines, and more accessible airports have made tourism
affordable and convenient. There have been changes in lifestyle – for example,
now retiree-age people sustain tourism around the year. The sale of tourism
products on the internet, besides the aggressive marketing of the tour operators
and travel agencies, has also contributed to the growth of tourism.

September 27 is celebrated as world tourism every year. This date was chosen
as on that day in 1970, the Statutes of UNWTO were adopted. The purpose of

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this day is to raise awareness of the role of tourism within the international
community.

History of Travel and Tourism

Travel is as old as mankind on the earth. The man at the beginning of his
existence roamed about the surface of the earth in the search of food, shelter,
securities, and better habitat. However, in course of time, such movements were
transformed into wanderlust.

About five thousand year ago, changes in climate, dwindling food and shelter
conditions hostile invaders made the people leave their homes to seek refuge
elsewhere like the Aryans left their homes in Central Asia due to climate
changes. Perhaps, this leads to the development of commerce, trade, and
industry.
During Hindu and Chinese civilization, a movement of religion, education and
culture began. Christian missionaries, Buddhist monks and other traveled far and
wide carrying religious messages and returned with fantastic images and
opinions about alien people.

For centuries movement of people continued to grow due to the efficiency of

transport and the assistance and safety which the people could travel. By the
end of the 15th century, Italy had become the intellectual and cultural center of
Europe. It represented the classical heritage both for the intelligentsia and the
aristocracy.
During the 16th Century, travel come to be considered as an essential part of the
education of every young Englishman. Travel thus became a mean of self –
development, and education in its broadest sense. The educational travel was
known as ‘Grand Tour‘.

The industrial revolution brought about significant changes in the pattern and
structure of British society. Thus, the economy of Britain was greatly responsible
for the beginning of modern tourism. It also created a large and prosperous
middle class and because of great improvement in transportation systems in
latter half of the 18th century and the first quarter of the 19th century, an
increasing number of people began to travel for pleasure.
Travel was originally inspired by the need for surviving (food, shelter, and
security), the desire to expand trade and quest to conquer. As the transportation
system improved the curiosity for transforming the vast and virgin world into a
close neighborhood created a new industry i.e. Travel and Tourism.

However, the developments of rails, roads, steamships, automobiles, and

airplanes helped to spread technology across the globe. Earlier travel was a
privilege only for wealthy people but with the industrial revolution, the scenario

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altogether changed. Transportation, as well as accommodation, became

affordable to middle and working-class citizens.
Essentially, with the development of jet travel, communication, new technology,
tourism, and travel became the world’s largest and fastest-growing industry.

Origin of Tourism in the Philippines

Tourism in the Philippines began when the original inhabitants of the
country roamed around in search of food. Inter-tribe travel occurred although
the mode of travel was crude. A more recognizable form of tourism appeared in
the Philippines when the country was discovered by Ferdinand Magellan and
when galleons or wooden boats sailed between Mexico and the Philippines
during galleon trade.
The introduction of more comfortable and faster means of transportation
gave the early impetus for tourism in the Philippines. Travellers from U.S., China,
Japan AND Europe were provided inland tours by entrepreneurs with their
unregistered private cars and coaches called “colurum”.

Components of Tourism

Tourism is divided into 6 key areas.

Travel agents- they provide information to the people on various destination.

Advises them of available packages to suit their taste, budget and chart their
travel plan. They would generally sell travel associated products such as car
rentals, currency exchange and insurance.

Tour Operator- It is an organization, firm, or company who buys individual

travel components, separately from their suppliers and combines them into a
package tour, which is sold with their own price tag to the public directly or
through middlemen
Lodging and Catering- It offers accommodation like hotels, resorts,
apartments and guest houses. This can be market through an individual or tour
operators in the form of packages. They also take care the catering needs of the
people by providing them cafeterias and restaurants

Transport- are those operating major form of transport such car rentals,
airlines, cruise lines and rail companies. Choice of transport would depend on the
travel budget, destination, time, purpose of the tour and convenience.

Information and Guiding- Information and guidance service providers include

number of services such as those offering insurance, recreational,
communication and banking services, government agencies, tour guides,
industry association, packaging agents, ticketing agents and holiday sellers,

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Attractions- this needs to establish in particular location in order to invite

footfall. This could be theme park, museum, gallery, heritage building and
educational center.

III. SUPPLEMENTAL READING MATERIALS/VIDEOS

To further understand the topic click the link below to watch the video

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVRb9EU-bkE

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQPqGTj1abo

Suggested Readings

 https://www.go2hr.ca/getting-know-bcs-tourism-industry/what-is-
tourism
 https://www.unwto.org/why-tourism

IV. Assessment
Answer Assignment that will be posted in google classroom

V. References

Tourismnotes. com

Principles of Tourism 1

www.technofunc.com

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