KERALA GOVT POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

WESTHILL - KOZHIKODE

CADD LAB (4117)

SEMESTER 4
TOOL & DIE ENGINEERING

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 CAD LABORATORY GUIDELINES AND POLICIES

The primary purpose of computer lab resources is for academic research,

study, and class assignments. Lab users have a right to expect a quiet, clean
environment that is conducive to learning. These guidelines are intended to
outline the responsibilities of lab use within the Campus Community.

1. Students must present a valid ID card before entering the CAD Lab

2. Students are not allowed to bring bags, rain coats , casual wears, food and
beverages inside the laboratory. Chewing gum, eating, drinking, smoking,
littering are prohibited inside the computer laboratory. Wearing of hats/caps
inside the laboratory is not allowed. Eating and/or drinking inside the computer
labs is strictly prohibited, however note book or record books may be allowed.

3. Every user must make an entry while entering in the CAD Lab and also at
the time of exit from the lab.

4. Users are not allowed to install, update or download any software in any
computers inside the laboratories. It is also prohibited the users to boot from any
bootable devices to run software in any computers in the laboratory. In cases
that there is need to install, update or download software or boot from other
device the instructor must seek for the approval of the Head of Department.

5. No student or personnel shall be allowed to attach or detach any peripheral to

and from any systems devices without explicit permission from the Head of the
Department. Users are not allowed also to attach personal devices in any
computer laboratory’s network without permission from the Department.

6. No one is allowed to alter or delete configuration settings of any computer

laboratory equipment. Tampering, deleting or modifying CMOS/BIOS settings, IP
Configuration, system parameters, or system files stored in the hard disk are
strictly prohibited.

7. Playing games are not allowed inside the computer laboratory, this includes
video games, card games and other games.

8. Users are strictly prohibited from downloading, viewing or distributing any

offensive materials .

9. Users are strictly prohibited from modifying or deleting any important files and
install any software or settings in the computer

10. The student must check the computer unit and its peripherals attached
before using it. The facts must immediately inform the instructor if there’s any
defect, error or damage observed at the computer (hardware/software) assigned

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or if there are any missing peripherals (mouse, keyboard, etc.). The instructor
should immediately report the incident to the custodian

11. Students are not allowed to use personal Pen Drives, CDs, DVDs etc., in the
Lab to avoid VIRUS in Computers.

12. Users are responsible for saving their documents or drawings frequently if
they need or the data in the next classes.

13. Chairs must be returned properly to its original places. The lab must be kept
clean and tidy at all times.

14. Before leaving the lab, users must close all programs positively and keep the
desktop blank.

15. Users must turn-off the computer before leaving the computer lab.

16. DO NOT leave your personal belongings at the computer lab. The College is
not responsible for items left behind.

17. Anyone who is causing disturbance, trouble and exhibiting hostile or

threatening behavior will be directed to leave the computer laboratory. Silence
must be maintained in the lab at all times.

18. Printing of manuscripts, business letters, banners, personal documents and

research works are not allowed in the laboratory. Only the printing of CAD
drawings are allowed using the laboratory printer if needed.

19. Theft, vandalism, or abuse in any form is a grave offense and shall be dealt
with accordingly. Willful violations of the above provisions shall constitute
disciplinary actions.

20. In case of theft / destruction of the computers or peripherals, double the cost
of the lost will be charged from the student/user.

21. Internet facility is only for educational/ study purpose.

22. Lab timing will be as per the academic time table of different classes

23. The use of cell phones is prohibited in the computer lab. Please take your
calls outside. We also ask that you put your cell phone on vibrate mode.

24. Violators of these guidelines may be subject to any, but not limited to, the
following sanctions:

1. Admonition
2. Temporary or permanent suspension of cad laboratory privileges
3. Dismissal from the college
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 INTRODUCTION

The method of preparing engineering drawing by using the computer

software is known as Computer Aided Drafting (CAD). The CADD stands for
Computer Aided Designing and Drafting. The preparation of engineering drawing
with the help of a drawing board, a minidrafter, set squares, dividers, compasses
and other instruments is a laborious process. Computer-aided drafting helps in
preparing drawing without the use of the usual drawing instruments. The CAD
software is based on interactive computer graphic (ICG). In ICG, the user enters
the data in to the computer in the form of commands using input devices and the
data is used by the software to create or modify graphics. ICG enables
enlargement, reduction, copying and rotation of graphic and offered a lot of other
flexibilities as per the need of the designer. This way far less time is required to
prepare a drawing. The output can also be printed.

Computer Hardware And Software

The entire computer system may be broadly classified as hardware and
software components. Hardware is set of all the physical components of a
computer system such as the case and the monitor, and any part you can see
and touch. Software is a set of electronic instructions for the computer that
makes the hardware perform certain tasks. The set of instructions is known as a
program. The two major types of software’s are operating system software
(Windows, Ms Dos etc.) and Application software ( Auto Cad, MS-Office etc.).

Advantages of using CAD

1. Accuracy: CAD helps to achieve very high degree of accuracy that is
impossible to achieve manually. For example, a line 18.532mm long or an angle
of 53.27 0 can be precisely drawn in CAD software.
2. Speed: With sufficient practice, a user can create drawing speedily. Similar
objects can be copied or mirrored or arrayed which saves time required from
duplication. Automatic hatching, texting and dimensioning save time.

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3. Easy Editing: Drawing once constructed can be easily edited or modified as
and when needed. Components drawing forms one drawing file can be inserted in
another drawing file.
4. Space effectiveness: A computer can store several thousand drawing over
long period of time.
5. Scaling: A drawing can enlarged or reduced by any scale factor. Dimensions
changed automatically further, printing can be made to any scale.
6. Better visualization: Use different colours helps avoiding confusion . A 3D
view of the object can be easily created to boost imagination.
7. Freedom from using Drawing instruments: A simple CAD system needs a
computer with a mouse and keyboard to draw. The draftsman need not use bulky
drawing instruments like drawing board, drafter, set square, ect.

Application of CAD
1. Preparing Architectural drawing
2. Interior design and modeling
3. Tool and fixture design.
4. Production planning and control.
5. Preparing of assembly list and bill of material.
6. Computer aided inspection.
7. Preparation of programs for CNC machine.
8. Circuit layout and panel drawing.
9. Mapping, Building, Drawing.
10. Communication network.
11. Piping and instrumentation designing.
12. Computer aided manufacturing.

CAD Packages
Some of the commonly used packages are:
1. Auto Cad
2. Electrical Cad
3. 3DS-max

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4. STADD
5. PRO-Engineer/Creo
6. IDEAS.
7. Solid Edge
8. Solid works

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 AutoCAD Graphic User
Interface
Quick Workspa
Applic access ce Drawing Drawing
ation Toolbar Manager Name Area
Menu

Ribb
on View
Tool Cube
bar
Naviga
File tion
Tab Bar

UCS
icon

Cross
Model Comma Status
Hair
and nd Bar
Layout Prompt
Tab

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 STUDY OF AUTOCAD GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE (GUI)

The Ribbon
Maximize the area available for work using a compact interface that contains
many of the same tools and controls available in toolbars and dialog boxes. The
ribbon can be displayed horizontally across the top of the drawing window, vertically
to the left or right of the drawing window, or as a floating palette.

Quick Access Toolbar

Store commands that you frequently access in AutoCAD. By default, you can
access New, Open, Save, Plot, Undo, and Redo from the Quick Access toolbar. Add
commands to the Quick Access toolbar using the shortcut menus of all commands on
the ribbon, menu browser, and toolbars

View Cube
Display visual feedback of the current orientation of a model, or adjust a
model's viewpoint. Restore the previous view, or click and drag over the Rewind
wedge to scroll through the navigation history to restore a previous view. You can
access the View Cube from the drawing status bar.

Drawing Area
The basic purpose of the drawing area is to provide space to prepare a
drawing.

User Co-ordinate System (UCS) Icon

UCS icon shows the orientation of the drawing. AutoCAD drawigs are super
imposed on an invisible grid on co-ordinate system. Co-ordinate systems are based
on X,Y (2D) and X,Y,Z (3D) co-ordinates.

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Cross Hair
The AutoCAD drawing area provides cross hairs, which are the two lines at
right angles and the crossing point is the point of selection. There is a selection box
associated with cross hairs to make easy selection of objects. The usual mouse
pointer of windows is replaced by cross hairs, while in the AutoCAD window.

The Command Prompt

Execute a command by entering the full command name or command alias at
the command prompt and pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR. When Dynamic Input is on
and is set to display dynamic prompts, you can enter many commands in tooltips
that are displayed near the cursor. In AutoCAD we can start COMMANDS in one of
three ways.

a) Choose a command from menu.

b) Click a button on ribbon . _
c) Enter the command on command area.

Status Bar
View the coordinate values of your cursor, and access several buttons for
turning drawing tools on and off (OSNAP, ORTHO, GRID, DYN, etc.) as well as many
display tools used to scale annotations.

Model and Layout Tab

In Model tab you get model space where you can create objects both 2D and
3D. A layout is a 2D working environment for creating drawing sheets. The area
within a layout is called paper space, where you can add a title block, display scaled
views of model space within layout viewports, and create tables, schedules, notes,
and dimensions for your drawing.

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Workspace
Workspace setting is done according to our drawing requirements. For
example ‘Drafting & Annotation’ workspace selected for 2D drawing and ‘3D Basics’
or ‘3D Modeling’ selected for 3D drawing.

CREATING A NEW FILE

A new AutoCAD drawing file can be created in three ways. They are
a) Type the command NEW and press the enter key.
b) Choose the menu item NEW from Application menu (Press shortcut keys
CTRL+N)
c) Clicking by mouse on the icon representing new file in the Quick access tool
bar.
On the entry of the command ‘New’ a dialog box named ‘Select Template’ will
appear. Then choose a template file of AutoCAD (normally acad.dwt) to start a new
drawing, English or Metric is selected depending on the units adopted for the
drawing. Then a new file is created with name ‘Drawingl.dwg’ in the corresponding
directory, We can change the file name by saving this file to another name by using
‘Save As’ command from file menu to desired directory. While working on drawing it
is necessary to save the changes frequently. This can be done using ‘Ctrl+S’ key
combination. For the new file opened select the suitable workspace.

Setting the Units and Precision

Enter ‘UNITS’ commandline. In the window opened set the required unit,
decimal points etc.

Setting The Drawing Limits

Depending on the length of the longest feature to be drawn, suitable limits for
the drawing area are to be set. Normally the lower left limit and upper right limit of
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the drawing area indicate the boundary of the drawing area on the display screen in
the two dimension co-ordinate system The lower left limit is always 0.000,0.000.
The upper right limit is 12.0000, 9.0000. The upper right limit can be change to suit
our convenience. For this LIMITS command is used.

Command : LIMITS Press Enter Key (  )

Specify lower left corner ; 0.0000,0.0000 Press Enter Key (  )
Specify upper right corner : Type new value for X, Y Press Enter Key (  )
Drawing Limit is then reset to new input values. To view the new drawing limit
as a whole give the following commands.

Command : ZOOM or Z Press Enter Key (  )

(Note: Zoom command prompts to choose an option in the command line.)
Zoom [All/Center/Dynamic/Extends/Previous/Scale/Window] : A Press Enter Key
()

Setting Line Type

We can setup the line types that to be used in drawing. The command LTYPE
will display a window with currently available line types. We can load or remove the
line types from this window. The scale factors of line type affects globally in the
drawing. We cannot delete the default three line types and those line types already
used in the drawing.

Setting Dimension Style

We can setup the dimension styles that to be used in drawing. The command
DIMSTYLE or DDIM will display a window with currently available Dimension style.
We can load or modify the dimension style from this window. The basic elements of
a dimension object like dimension line, arrow head, extension lines, dimension text,
primary and secondary units can set through this procedure.
Zooming The Drawing Window
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 The command Zoom or Z will helps us to view the drawing area in enlarged
mode or reduced mode. Generally the scroll wheel of the mouse is directly connected
to the zooming operation. We can view all the drawing area at a glance we can
choose Zoom/All option.

Start a drawing after setting all these factors

OBJECT SELECTION METHODS

Modifying commands like erase, copy, move, trim, mirror, etc will ask the user
to select one or more objects for erasing, copying, etc. by giving a prompt 'Select
Object’. The different methods of selecting objects are below.

a) Picking objects with mouse

The cursor is taken on to any point on the object to be selected and the left
button of the mouse is clicked. This method is used for selecting individual objects.
Once an object is selected it is highlighted with selection points. You can add more
objects to the selection by holding the SHIFT key and selecting with mouse,

b) All
For select objects type ALL on the command line and press enter key. All the
objects available on the screen are selected.

c) Window
Pick corner points diagonally opposite so that a window like surrounds objects
to be selected. If the mouse moves left to right, all the objects lying completely
within the window are selected. If the mouse moves right to left, objects partly
within the window are selected.

d) Add
To add more objects to selection list

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 e) Remove
To remove the selection of an object from the selection list.

LEFT PAGE

20, 70 40, 70

40, 50 80, 50

20, 20 a) Absolute Co-ordinate Method

80, 20

@-20, 0 @0, 20

@-40, 0 @0, 30

@0, -50 @60, 0

b) Relative Co-ordinate Method
20, 20

DRAWING COMMANDS
1) Line (Command: Line or L)
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 The line command is used to draw simple lines either single line or series of
lines. There are four co-ordinate system used in AutoCAD to locate a point on the
screen. In AutoCAD 2D drawing is done by considering the screen on XY plane. Line
can be drawn using following co-ordinate methods.
a) Absolute Co-ordinate Method:- In this method the points are created to
draw a line with respect to the origin (0,0). To mark a point value is given in
pairs as X co-ordinate value followed by Y co-ordinate value.

Command : LINE (L) 

Specify first point : 20,20 
Specify next point : 80,20 
Specify next point : 80,50 
Specify next point : 40,50 
Specify next point : 40,70 
Specify next point : 20,70 
Specify next point : 20,20 
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the drawing

b) Relative Co-ordinate Method:- In this method, the points are

located to draw a line with reference to the previous point.

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : 20, 20 ↩
Specify next point : @60, 0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, 30 ↩
Specify next point : @-40, 0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, 20 ↩
Specify next point : @-20, 0 ↩
Specify next point : @0, -50 ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the drawing

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 @20<180 @20<90

@40<180 @30<90
50

First point @60<0

c) Polar Co-ordinate Method

20

20
40

50

30

First point

60
c) Polar Co-Ordinate Method
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 In this method the end point of lines are defined with its length and
angle (measured in anticlockwise)
Command : LINE (L) ↩
Specify first point : Click any point on the screen
Specify next point : @60<0 ↩
Specify next point : @30<90 ↩
Specify next paint : @40<180 ↩
Specify next point : @20<90 ↩
Specify next point : @20<180 ↩
Specify next point : @50<270 ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the drawing

d) Direct Distance Method

In these methods, the points are located to draw a line using the
distance entry in the direction of the cursor.

Command : LINE (L) ↩

Specify first point : Click any point on the screen
Specify next point : 60, move mouse horizontally right ↩
Specify next point : 30, move mouse vertically up ↩
Specify next point : 40, move mouse horizontally left ↩
Specify next point : 20, move mouse vertically up ↩
Specify next point : 30, move mouse horizontally left ↩
Specify next point : 50, move mouse vertically down ↩
Specify next point : Press enter to complete the drawing

[Note: The ORTHO command is used to keep the mouse directions vertically /
horizontally.
Command: ORTHTO ↩ [ON/OFF]
Function Key F8 is used to toggle ORTHO mode]

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2) Arc (Command: Arc or A)
This Command is used to create an arc in AutoCAD drawings. From the
command line type ARC or A, and press center key or from Draw menu select Arc
and select anyone method of arc formation.
 3 Point method
 Start, centre, end.
 Start, centre, angle.
 Start, centre, length
 Start, end, angle.
 Start, end, direction
 Start, end, radius
 Centre, start, end
 Centre, start, angle
 Centre, start, length.

3. Circle (Command: CIRCLE or C)

This command is used to create a circle in the drawings. From the command
line type CIRCLE or C and press enter key or from Draw menu select Circle and
select anyone method of circle formation.
 Centre, radius
 Centre, diameter
 2 Point
 3 Point
 Tan, Tan, Radius
 Tan, Tan, Tan

4. Rectangle (Command: RECTANGLE or REC)

This command is used to create a rectangle polygon in the drawings. From the

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command line type RECTANGLE or REC and press enter key or from Draw menu
select Rectangle.
Specify first corner or enter an option
[Chamfer/Elevation/Fillet/Thickness/Width]: Enter an option or specify first corner
point by mouse click or co-ordinate method [absolute/relative/polar/direct]
Specify other corner point [Area/Dimension/Rotation] : Enter an option or
Specify other corner point by mouse click or co-ordinate method
[absolute/relative/polar/direct]

5. Polygon (Command: POLYGON or POL)

This command is used to create an equilateral closed polygon in the drawings.

From the Command line type POLYGON or POL and press enter key or from Draw
menu select Polygon.

Enter number of sides: Enter a value between 3 and 1024 then press enter
Specify centre of polygon or [Edge]: Specify centre of the polygon by mouse click or Co-
ordinate methods or choose the option Edge to specify the first and second point of the
staring edge.

6. Ellipse (Command: ELLIPSE or EL)

This command is used to draw ellipse or elliptical arc in the drawings. From the
command line type ELLIPSE or EL and press enter key or from Draw menu select
Ellipse.
 Centre.
 Axis, End.
 Arc.

Specify axis endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center]: C

Specify center of ellipse: Centre of ellipse is specified by mouse Click or co-ordinate method.
Specify endpoint of axis: End point of ellipse is specified by mouse click or co-ordinate method.
Specify distance to other axis or [Rotation] : Distance is specified or option Rotation is selected.

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7. DONUT (Command: DONUT or DO)

This command is used to draw filled circles and rings n the drawings. From the
command line type DONUT or DO and press enter key or from Draw menu select
Donut.

Specify inside diameter of donut : Inside diameter is specified or Press enter key.
Specify outside diameter of donut : Outside diameter is specified or Press enter key.
Specify center of donut or <exit> : Center point is specified by mouse or Co-ordinates.

8. POLYLINE or PLINE (Command: PL or PLINE)

A poly line is a connected sequence of line segments created as a single

object. You can create straight line segments, arc segments, or a combination of the
two.

Specify start point: Pick the start point of the poly line.
Specify next point or [Arc/Half width/Length/Undo/Width] : Pick the next point of pline or
enter the desired option.

Note: The Explode command reduces a poly line to its line and arc components. Poly
lines with a width value lose their width once exploded.

9. HATCH (Command: Hatch or H)

This command is used to fill the specified area in the drawing with predefined
patterns. From the command line type BHATCH or Hatch or H and press enter key or
from Draw menu select Hatch.
10. POINT (Command: Point or PO)

This command is used to draw point on the specified area in the drawing. From
the command line type POINT or P0 and press enter key or from Draw menu select
Point.
To set the point style size and type, type PTYPE in the command line.
11. TEXT or MTEXT (Command: TEXT or MTEXT or T)
This command to place text objects in the drawing. From the command line
type TEXT or MTEXT or T and press enter key.

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 We can place a single line text by the TEXT command. The MTEXT command
allows to place formatted multi line text in the drawing while the text formatting tool
bar helps to format the text in different styles
12. CONSTRUCTION LINE (Command: XLINE)

Lines that extend to infinity in one or both directions, known as rays and
construction lines, respectively, can be used as references for creating other objects.

MODIFYING COMMANDS

1. ERASE (Command: E)

Removes selected objects from a drawing.

Select objects: Use an object selection method and press ↩ when you finish selecting objects.

Options
Single: This lets you pick a single object only. From the keyboard enter Si at
the Select objects: prompt.
Last: From the keyboard, enter L at the Select objects: prompt to erase the
last entity drawn.
Previous: Enter P from the keyboard to erase the previous selection set.
Oops: This restores objects erased by the last Erase command.
To erase an object overlapped or superimposed by another, hold down the Ctrl
key at the Select object: prompt. Pick a point where two or more objects overlap,
where it is difficult to select the correct object. The prompt <Cycle on> appears at
the command line. Continue clicking until the object you want to erase is
highlighted, and then Press ↩ .

2. COPY (Command : Co ↩ or Cp ↩)

Copies objects in a specified distance and direction.

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 Select objects: Select objects to be copied and press ↩
Specify base point or [Displacement] <Displacement>: Specify a base point or press ↩ to
specify displacement.
Specify second point or [Exit/Undo] <Exit>: Specify a point or press ↩

The two points you specify define a vector that indicates how far the copied
objects are to be moved and in what direction.
3. MIRROR (Command: Mirror or Mi ↩)

Makes a mirror-image copy of an object or a group of objects.

Select objects: Pick the objects to be mirrored and press ↩

Specify first point of mirror line: Pick one end of the mirror axis.
Specify second point of mirror line: Pick the other end of the mirror axis.
Delete source objects? [Yes/No] <N>: Y to delete the originally selected objects, or press ↩ to
keep them.

4. OFFSET (Command : O ↩)

Creates a new object at a specified distance from an existing object or through

a specified point. Offset can create parallel lines, plines, arcs, splines, and concentric
circles.

Specify offset distance or through] <Through>: Enter a distance value to specify a constant
distance to offset, press T to specify an offset through-point after each object selection is
made, or press ↩
Enter a distance value, and press ↩ ; you are then prompted to Select an object to offset. Pick
the object to offset. At the next prompt, specify point on side to offset: pick the side on which
you want the offset to appear. You can continue to offset objects at that distance or press .J to
exit the command.
Selecting Through by entering T prompts you to Specify through point: Pick a point to locate
the offset line.

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 Options

Offset Distance if you enter a value at the Distance: prompt, all the offsets
performed in the current command will be at that distance. The prompt will continue
offsetting objects at the specified distance until you press ↩
5. ARRAY (Command: Ar ↩)

Creates multiple copies of objects in a pattern. Use the Rectangular Array

option to create an array of rows and columns of copies of the selected object. Use
the Polar Array option to create an array by copying the selected objects around a
center point.
The Array command can be started before or after objects are selected. If
objects are selected before the command is started, you will see a message just
under the select objects button that lists the number of objects selected. If no
objects were selected prior to issuing the Array command, you must select them
using the Select Objects button.

6. MOVE (Command: M ↩)
Move displaces a single object or a set of objects.
Select objects: Select the objects to be moved and press ↩ when you finish.
 Specify base point or displacement: Specify a base point.
 Specify second point of displacement: Spec) a point or press ↩

7. ROTATE (Command: Ro ↩)

Rotate rotates an object or group of objects to a specified angle

Select objects: Select the objects to be rotated and press ↩ when you finish
Specify base point: Pick the point about which objects are to be rotated.
Specify rotation angle or [Reference]: Enter the angle of rotation, or R.

8. SCALE (Command: Sc ↩ )
Scale changes the size of objects in a drawing. You can also scale an object by

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reference
Select objects: Select the objects to be scaled and press J when you finish.
Specify base point: Pick a point of reference for scaling.
Specify scale factor or [Reference]: Enter the scale factor, move the cursor to visually select
new scale, or enter R to select the Reference option.

9. STRETCH (Command: S ↩)

Stretch moves vertices of objects while maintaining the continuity of

connected lines.

Select objects: Use the crossing object selection method and press ↩ individually. Selected
objects and objects that are completely enclosed by the crossing selection are moved rather than
stretched.
Specify base point or displacement: Pick the base reference point for the stretch.
Specify second point of displacement or <use first point as displacement>: Pick the second
point in relation to the base point, indicating the distance and direction you want to stretch.

10. TRIM (Command: Tr ↩)

Trim shortens an object to meet another object or objects. The objects may be
trimmed to the current UCS plane or along the current view.

Select objects: Select one or more objects as cutting edge and press ↩
Select the object’s edge to be trimmed with reference to the cutting edge.

11. EXTEND (Command: Ex ↩ )

Extend lengthens an object to meet another object. Objects that can be

extended include area, elliptical arcs, lines, open poly lines, and rays.

12. BREAK (Command: Br ↩ )

Lines, arcs, circles, polylines, ellipses, splines, donuts, and several other object
types can be split into two objects or have one end removed.

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 Select object: (The point at which you select the object will be treated as the first point of
break)
Specify second break point or [First point]: Pick second point of break, or. F ↩ to specify first
and second break points.

13. CHAMFER (Command: Cha ↩)

A chamfer connects two objects with an angled line. It is usually used to

represent a beveled edge on a corner. We can chamfer lines, polylines, rays, xlines
and 3D solids.

14. FILLET (Command : Fillet, F ↩)

A fillet connects two objects with an arc that is tangent to the objects and has
a specified radius. We can fillet lines, polylines, rays, splines, xlines, arcs, circles,
ellipses and elliptical arcs and 3D solids.

DIMENS1ONING, LAYERS AND PROPERTIES

1. DIMENSIONING

Dimensioning is a process of adding measurements to a drawing. We can

setup the dimensioning style of a drawing from the Dimension style manger
(Command: DDIM). The various options given in the dimension menu will overcome
the difficulties occurred during dimensioning.
The Dimension menu contains the commands like LINEAR, ALIGNED. RADIUS,
DIAMETER, ANGULAR, CONTINUE, BASELINE, LEADER, Etc...
2. LAYERS (Command: Layer or La)
Generally the drawing objects are laid on a default imaginary surface called
Layer. The default layer of AutoCAD is named as Layer 0. We can create, delete or
manage layers to simplify the drawing operations. The properties can assigned to a
layer from layer manager window. The properties of a layer will affect to the whole

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object which contains in that layer. We can simply ON/OFF layer visibility,
freeze or Lock layer from editing using the layer tool bar or layer manager.
3. PROPERTIES (Shortcut: Ctrl + 1)
There are several properties for a drawing object such as color, line type,
layer, thickness, Etc... We can change the properties of an object through properties
dialog box. Here we can change the line type, color, thickness, etc.

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 EXERCISE 1

AIM: to draw the following figure using ACAD

PROCEDURE

Set the limits of the drawing screen

STEP 1: Draw axis lines in the respective format with their intersection point
at (0,0)
Go to PROPERTIES tool bar
Load line type as ISO LONG DASH SHORT DASH in the line type area.
Select line type ISO LONG DASH SHORT DASH in the line type area.

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STEP 2 a: Draw circles of given dimensions using circle command
with their Centre as the intersection of the axis lines.

3 circles of diameters 94, 74 and 54 are to be drawn

The circle with 74 diameter is of ISO LONG DASH SHORT DASH format

STEP 2 b: Using POLAR ARRAY draw the 6 holes on the circle of

diameter 74 each of 12 dia.

STEP 3: Draw two construction lines at an angle of 30o to the vertical axis
line
STEP 4: With A as center an radius 100 draw an arc between the above
lines
STEP 5: Offset the arc on the either side by the distances as mentioned in
the figure.
STEP 6: Complete the figure by using fillet command.
STEP 7: Give dimensions to the completed figure.
Command: _qsave
PRECAUTIONS:

Put ORTHO ON where ever necessary.

Use the required modify tool bar commands like TRIM, ERASE, COPY,
MIRROR ETC.,

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 EXERCISE 2

AIM: to draw the following figure using ACAD

PROCEDURE

Set the limits of the drawing screen

STEP 1: Draw axis lines in the respective format with their

intersection point at (0,0)
STEP 2: Draw circles of given dimensions using circle
command with their centre as the intersection of the axis
lines.
STEP 3: Using POLAR ARRAY draw the 6 key holes on the
circle of diameter 58 of given dimensions

STEP 4: For the outer cover use CIRCLE command and the in
command prompt area type
TAN TAN RADIUS. This gives the idea of drawing the outer cover

STEP 5: Give dimensions to the completed figure.

Command: _qsave

PRECAUTIONS:

Put ORTHO ON where ever necessary. Use the required modify tool
bar commands like TRIM, ERASE, COPY, MIRROR ETC.,

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 EXERCISE 3

AIM: to draw the following parts of given press tool and its assembly using
ACAD

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LIST OF COMMANDS:

Line-To draw a line of required dimension.

Circle- To draw a circle of required radius.

Polyline- To draw multiple lines of required dimensions.

Arc- To draw arc of required dimensions.

Trim- To remove unwanted or excess dimensions of the element.

Zoom- To enlarge or reduce the view of component.

Fillet- To join sharp corners with a curve.

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Mirror- To reflect the image on other side of object

Offset- To draw the image of the object at required distance

Erase- To erase any object

Block- To convert into single entity

Hatch- Used to hatch enclosed area

Join- To join two objects

Break- To cut the object to required dimension

RESULT

Thus, the part drawing and assembly of given press tool is

drawn in orthographic view.

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