RI

CAMAEC.TOMAS J
ANUARY25,
2021

BS.
CRI
MINOLOGY3/
BLOCK2

ASSI
GMENT1.
1

FI
REPROTECTI
ONANDARSONI
NVESTI
GATI
ON.

As
signment
:

Wr
itear
eac
tionpaperaboutavi
deot
hatyouar
eaboutt
owat
ch.
Yourr
eac
tionpaper
s
houl
dbec
ompos
ingbywor
dsnotexc
eedi
ngonet
hous
and(
1000)ands
houl
dbewr
itt
en
ont
hes
pac
epr
ovi
ded.Thepapers
houl
dbes
ubmi
ttedonorbef
oret
hes
etdeadl
ine.
Fai
lur
etos
ubmi
tont
hes
aiddeadl
inewi
llbeagr
oundf
oryourpapernotbeac
cept
ed.

Towat
cht
hevi
deopl
eas
ecl
ickt
hel
inkpr
ovi
ded.

ht
tps
://
www.
yout
ube.
com/
wat
ch?v=oAADe-
2Ir
rQ

ANSWERS:

Af
ireoc
cur
swhent
her
eisc
hemi
calr
eac
tionofas
ubs
tanc
e(f
uel
)combi
ningwi
th
anoxi
dizert
orel
eas
eener
gyi
nthef
orm ofheatorl
ight
.Anexpl
osi
oni
savi
olentr
eleas
e
ofener
gy c
aus
ed by a phys
icalorc
hemi
calr
eac
tion.I
tisac
compani
ed by a r
api
d
i
ncr
eas
ein pr
ess
ure and us
ual
lyt
emper
atur
e.​
Fi
​re and expl
osi
ve hazar
dsi
ncl
ude
c
ombus
tibl
eandf
lammabl
eli
qui
dsands
ubs
tanc
es,and/
orwhenhotwor
kisper
for
med.
Fi
reandexpl
osi
onc
anoc
curwhent
het
emper
atur
ehasr
eac
hedt
hef
las
hpoi
ntoft
he
vol
ati
lemat
eri
al,andwher
ether
eiss
uff
ici
entvapourpr
esenti
ntheat
mos
pher
e.

Ther
ear
ethr
eemai
ntypesofexpl
osi
ons
:chemi
cal
,mec
hani
calandnuc
lear
.Eac
htype
ofexpl
osi
onc
anbeequal
lydevas
tat
ingands
eri
ous
,caus
ingunpr
ecedent
edhar
mtot
he
s
urr
oundi
ngpeopl
e,at
mos
pher
eandi
nfr
ast
ruc
tur
e.Ther
efor
e,under
standi
ngdi
ffer
ent
t
ypesofexpl
osi
onsandhow t
heyoc
curi
simpor
tant
.

CHEMI
CAL-Ever
ythi
ngi
smadeofc
hemi
cal
sfr
om t
hef
oodweeatandt
hewat
erwe
dr
ink,t
othec
lot
heswewearandal
loft
hepr
oduc
tsweus
eever
yday.
A“c
hemi
cal
expos
ure”c
anbedef
inedast
hemeas
urementofbot
htheamountof
,andt
hef
requenc
y
wi
thwhi
ch,as
ubs
tanc
ecomesi
ntoc
ont
actwi
thaper
sonort
heenvi
ronment
.
MECHANI
CAL-Amec
hani
calexpl
osi
oni
sar
api
d,uni
for
m expans
ionofagast
hatt
akes
pl
acewi
thoutc
hemi
calr
eac
tion.Thepr
oces
sisver
yrapi
dsuc
hthatheatand mas
s
t
rans
fer t
o or f
rom t
he expandi
ng gas c
an be c
ons
ider
ed negl
igi
ble.
Mec
hani
cal
expl
osi
onsar
ecaus
edwhenahi
gh-
pres
sur
egasenc
ount
ersaphys
icalr
eac
tion,whi
ch
c
ons
equent
lyr
upt
urest
hec
ont
aineri
nwhi
cht
hegasi
scont
ained.

NUCLEAR -A nuc
learexpl
osi
on i
san expl
osi
on t
hatoc
cur
sasar
esul
toft
her
api
d
r
eleas
eofener
gyf
rom ahi
gh-
speednuc
learr
eac
tion..
..At
mos
pher
icnuc
learexpl
osi
ons
ar
eas
soc
iat
edwi
thmus
hroom c
louds
,al
thoughmus
hroom c
loudsc
anoc
curwi
thl
arge
c
hemi
calexpl
osi
ons
.A nuc
lear bl
ast
,pr
oduc
ed by expl
osi
on of a nuc
lear bomb
(
somet
imesc
all
edanuc
leardet
onat
ion)
,invol
vest
hej
oini
ngors
pli
tti
ngofat
oms(
cal
led
f
usi
onandf
iss
ion)t
opr
oduc
eani
ntens
epul
seorwaveofheat
,li
ght
,ai
rpr
ess
ure,and
r
adi
ati
on.Whenanuc
leardevi
cei
sexpl
oded,al
argef
irebal
lisc
reat
ed.

Theef
fec
tsofac
cident
alf
iresorexpl
osi
onsc
anbedevas
tat
ingi
nter
msofl
ivesl
ost
,
i
njur
ies
,damaget
opr
oper
tyandt
heenvi
ronment
,andt
obus
ines
scont
inui
ty.Wor
king
wi
thf
lammabl
eli
qui
ds,dus
ts,gas
esands
oli
dsi
shazar
dousbec
aus
eoft
her
iskoff
ire
andexpl
osi
on.
It
'si
mpor
tantt
ounder
standhow af
ireandanexpl
osi
onar
edi
ffer
ent
.
Fi
rei
scaus
edi
swhenas
ubs
tanc
erapi
dlyc
ons
umesoxygent
opr
oduc
eheatandl
ight
.
Anexpl
osi
oni
saneventwher
eener
gyr
api
dlyexpandsout
war
dfr
om t
hes
our
ce,of
ten
c
reat
ingadamagi
ngs
hoc
kwave.
Afi
reoc
cur
swhen t
her
eisc
hemi
calr
eac
tion ofa
s
ubs
tanc
e(f
uel
)combi
ningwi
thanoxi
dizert
orel
eas
eener
gyi
nthef
orm ofheatorl
ight
.
Anexpl
osi
oni
savi
olentr
eleas
eofener
gyc
aus
edbyaphys
icalorc
hemi
calr
eac
tion.I
tis
ac
compani
edbyar
api
dinc
reas
einpr
ess
ureandus
ual
lyt
emper
atur
e.

Af
ueli
sanyc
ompoundwhi
chhass
tor
edener
gy.Combus
tioni
sbur
ningaf
ueli
n
oxygen,whi
chgi
vesoutheatener
gyandi
scal
ledan exot
her
micr
eac
tion.Ourmai
n
s
our
ceoff
ueli
sfr
om f
oss
ilf
uel
s.Fuel
sar
eoneoft
hemos
timpor
tants
ubs
tanc
eson
Ear
th.Theyc
ookyourf
ood,heatyourhomeand keep t
hec
arsand t
rai
nsr
unni
ng.
Wi
thoutf
uel
sthewor
ldwoul
dbeaver
ydi
ffer
entpl
ace.
Afueli
sas
ubs
tanc
ethatr
eac
ts
exot
her
mic
all
ywi
thoxygen.Theener
gyc
ont
ainedi
nthef
ueli
srel
eas
edwheni
tbur
ns.

Fos
silFuel
s

Manyoft
hef
uel
sweus
einever
ydayl
if
ear
eobt
ainedf
rom f
uel
scal
ledf
oss
ilf
uel
s.
Thes
efuel
sar
emos
tlyhydr
ocar
bons–c
ompoundst
hatc
ont
aint
heel
ement
scar
bonand
hydr
ogenonl
ybutc
ont
ains
omei
mpur
iti
eswhi
chc
anl
eadt
opol
lut
ionwhenwebur
n
t
hem.
Fos
silf
uel
sli
kec
oal
,cr
udeoi
landnat
uralgashavebeenf
ormedovermi
ll
ionsof
year
sfr
om deadpl
antandani
malr
emai
nswhi
chhavebeenbur
ied.
Thet
hreet
ypesofheatt
rans
fer

Heati
str
ans
fer
edvi
asol
idmat
eri
al(
conduc
tion)
,li
qui
dsandgas
es(
convec
tion)
,and
el
ect
romagnet
icalwaves(
radi
ati
on)
.Heati
sus
ual
lyt
rans
fer
edi
nac
ombi
nat
ionoft
hes
e
t
hreet
ypesands
eldoml
yoc
cur
soni
tsown.

Heatc
anbet
rans
fer
redi
nthr
eeways
:byc
onduc
tion,byc
onvec
tion,andbyr
adi
ati
on.

•Conduc
tioni
sthet
rans
ferofener
gyf
rom onemol
ecul
etoanot
herbydi
rec
tcont
act
...
.

•Convec
tioni
sthemovementofheatbyaf
lui
dsuc
haswat
erorai
r.

•Radi
ati
oni
sthet
rans
ferofheatbyel
ect
romagnet
icwaves
.

af
orc
eonanobj
ectoveradi
stanc
e.Whenwor
kisdone,ener
gyi
str
ans
fer
redf
rom t
he
agentt
otheobj
ect
,whi
chr
esul
tsi
nac
hangei
ntheobj
ect
'smot
ion(
mor
espec
ifi
cal
ly,a
c
hangei
ntheobj
ect
'ski
net
icener
gy)
.

AnExampl
eofHow Doi
ngWor
kTr
ans
fer
sEner
gyf
rom OneObj
ectt
oAnot
her

Suppos
ethataper
son(
theagent
)exer
tsaf
orc
eonawheel
bar
row (
theobj
ect
)thati
s
i
nit
ial
lyatr
est
,caus
ingi
ttomoveoverac
ert
aindi
stanc
e.Rec
allt
hatt
hewor
kdoneon
t
hewheel
bar
row byt
heper
soni
sequalt
othepr
oduc
toft
heper
son'
sfor
cemul
ti
pli
edby
t
hedi
stanc
etr
avel
edbyt
hewheel
bar
row.Not
icet
hatwhent
hef
orc
eisexer
tedont
he
wheel
bar
row,t
her
e'sac
hangei
nit
smot
ion.I
tski
net
icener
gyi
ncr
eas
es.Butwher
edi
d
t
hewheel
bar
row geti
tski
net
icener
gy?I
tcamef
rom t
heper
sonexer
tingt
hef
orc
e,who
us
edc
hemi
calener
gys
tor
edi
nthef
oodt
heyat
etomovet
hewheel
bar
row.I
not
her
wor
ds,when t
he per
son di
d wor
k on t
he wheel
bar
row,t
hey t
rans
fer
red a c
ert
ain
amountofc
hemi
calener
gyt
othewheel
bar
row,c
aus
ingi
ttomove.Asar
esul
t,t
he
per
son'
sst
ore ofc
hemi
calener
gy dec
reas
esand t
he wheel
bar
row'
ski
net
icener
gy
i
ncr
eas
es.

HeatTrans
fer

Heati
sthet
rans
ferofener
gyf
rom awar
merobj
ectt
oac
ool
erobj
ect
.Forexampl
e,a
l
ight
edmat
ch(
highert
emper
atur
eobj
ect
)wi
llt
rans
ferheatt
oal
argepanf
il
ledwi
th
l
ukewar
m wat
er(
lowert
emper
atur
eobj
ect
).Not
ethatt
heac
tualamountoft
her
mal
ener
gyeac
hobj
ecthasdoes
n'tmat
ter
,ast
hepanofl
ukewar
m wat
ermi
ghthavemor
e
t
her
malener
gyt
han t
hemat
ch.Whati
sneeded f
orheatt
rans
fert
otakepl
acei
sa
di
ffer
enc
eint
emper
atur
ebet
weent
woobj
ect
s.Wi
thoutt
hisdi
ffer
enc
e,noheatt
rans
fer
c
ant
akepl
ace.
Heatc
anbet
rans
fer
redi
nthr
eeways
:byc
onduc
tion,byc
onvec
tion,andbyr
adi
ati
on.

Conduct
ioni
sthet
rans
ferofener
gyf
rom onemol
ecul
etoanot
herbydi
rec
tcont
act
.
Thi
str
ans
feroc
cur
swhenmol
ecul
eshi
tagai
nsteac
hot
her
,si
mil
art
oagameofpool
wher
eonemovi
ngbal
lst
rikesanot
her
,caus
ingt
hes
econdt
omove.Conduc
tiont
akes
pl
acei
nsol
ids
,li
qui
ds,andgas
es,butwor
ksbes
tinmat
eri
alst
hathaves
impl
emol
ecul
es
t
hatar
eloc
atedc
los
etoeac
hot
her
.Forexampl
e,met
ali
sabet
terc
onduc
tort
hanwood
orpl
ast
ic.

Convect
ioni
sthemovementofheatbyaf
lui
dsuc
haswat
erorai
r.Thef
lui
d(l
iqui
dor
gas
)movesf
rom onel
ocat
iont
oanot
her
,tr
ans
fer
ringheatal
ongwi
thi
t.Thi
smovement
ofamas
sofheat
edwat
erorai
risc
all
edac
urr
ent
.

Radi
ati
oni
sthet
rans
ferofheatbyel
ect
romagnet
icwaves
.Whenyous
tandi
nthes
un,
youar
ewar
medbyt
heel
ect
romagnet
icwaves
,mai
nlyi
nfr
aredr
adi
ati
on(
andt
oal
ess
er
ext
ent
,vi
sibl
eli
ght
),t
hatt
ravel
sfr
om t
hes
unt
oEar
th.I
naddi
ti
ont
othes
un,l
ightbul
bs,
i
rons
,and t
oas
ter
sal
sot
rans
ferheatvi
aradi
ati
on.Not
ethat
,unl
ikec
onduc
tion or
c
onvec
tion,heatt
rans
ferbyr
adi
ati
ondoesnotneedanymat
tert
ohel
pwi
tht
het
rans
fer
.

Thef
iret
riangl
eorc
ombus
tiont
riangl
eisas
impl
emodelf
orunder
standi
ngt
he
nec
ess
aryi
ngr
edi
ent
sformos
tfi
res
.Thet
riangl
eil
lus
trat
est
het
hreeel
ement
saf
ire
needst
oigni
te:heat
,fuel
,and an oxi
dizi
ngagent
.A f
irenat
ural
lyoc
cur
swhen t
he
el
ement
sar
epr
esentand c
ombi
ned i
nther
ightmi
xtur
e.Oxygen,heat
,and f
uelar
e
f
requent
lyr
efer
redt
oast
he"
fir
etr
iangl
e."Addi
nthef
our
th el
ement
,thec
hemi
cal
r
eac
tion,andyouac
tual
lyhaveaf
ire"
tet
rahedr
on.
"Thei
mpor
tantt
hingt
orememberi
s:
t
akeanyoft
hes
efourt
hingsaway,andyou wi
llnothaveaf
ireort
hef
irewi
llbe
ext
ingui
shed.
Thef
iret
riangl
e'st
hrees
idesi
ll
ust
rat
ethet
hreeel
ement
soff
ire:heat
,fuel
andoxi
dizat
ion.Thet
hreeel
ement
smus
tbec
ombi
nedi
nther
ightpr
opor
tionsf
oraf
ire
t
ooc
cur
.Ifanyoft
het
hreeel
ement
sar
eremoved,t
hef
irei
sext
ingui
shedThef
ire
t
riangl
eisus
edt
oshow t
het
hreeel
ement
sthatwhenpr
esentt
oget
herc
anc
aus
eaf
iret
o
s
tar
t.Thes
ethr
eei
ngr
edi
ent
sar
efuel
,heatandoxygen,underal
lci
rcums
tanc
est
hey
s
houl
dbekeptapar
ttoavoi
daf
ires
tar
ting.
How doest
hef
iret
riangl
ehel
pyouc
ont
rol
f
ire?i
tshowsyou t
hatr
emovi
nganyoneoft
het
hreeneededf
orf
ireal
lowsyou t
o
pr
eventaf
ire.r
emovi
ngt
reesi
nter
rupt
sthes
uppl
yoff
uelneededf
ort
hef
ire.
Thef
ire
t
riangl
eisus
edt
oshow t
her
ulet
hataf
ireneedst
hreet
hingst
obur
n.Thes
ethi
ngsar
e
heat
,fuel
,andoxygen.I
foneoft
hes
ethr
eei
sremoved,t
hef
irewi
llbeputout
.Int
he
mi
ddl
eoft
hef
iret
riangl
ether
eisal
soac
hemi
calr
eac
tion.
 Fl
ammabi
li
tyr
equi
resa f
ueland oxygen t
oget
her
.Fl
ammabi
li
tyl
imi
tsar
ethe
boundar
iesofhi
ghandl
ow f
uelc
onc
ent
rat
ion,wi
thi
nwhi
chf
lammabi
li
tyi
spos
sibl
e.
Combus
tibl
efl
uid:A f
lui
dwi
thaf
las
hpoi
ntabove100degr
eesF.Fl
ammabl
efl
uid:A
f
lui
dwi
thaf
las
hpoi
ntbel
ow 100degr
eesF.Fl
ammabi
li
tyi
sdet
ermi
nedbyt
hef
las
h
poi
ntofamat
eri
al.Fl
ashpoi
nti
sthemi
nimum t
emper
atur
eatwhi
chal
iqui
dfor
msa
vaporabovei
tss
urf
acei
nsuf
fic
ientc
onc
ent
rat
ion t
hati
tcan bei
gni
ted.Fl
ammabl
e
l
iqui
dshaveaf
las
hpoi
ntofl
esst
han100°
F.Li
qui
dswi
thl
owerf
las
hpoi
ntsi
gni
teeas
ier
.
Al
iqui
dwi
thaf
las
hpoi
ntunder100°
Fisc
ons
ider
edf
lammabl
e.Exampl
es:gas
oli
ne,
ac
etone,t
oluene,di
ethylet
her
,al
cohol
s.

Theef
fec
tsofac
cident
alf
iresorexpl
osi
onsc
anbedevas
tat
ingi
nter
msofl
ivesl
ost
,
i
njur
ies
,damaget
opr
oper
tyandt
heenvi
ronment
,andt
obus
ines
scont
inui
ty.
Wor
king
wi
thf
lammabl
eli
qui
ds,dus
ts,gas
esands
oli
dsi
shazar
dousbec
aus
eoft
her
iskoff
ire
andexpl
osi
on.
It
'si
mpor
tantt
ounder
standhow af
ireandanexpl
osi
onar
edi
ffer
ent
.
Fi
rei
scaus
edi
swhenas
ubs
tanc
erapi
dlyc
ons
umesoxygent
opr
oduc
eheatandl
ight
.
Anexpl
osi
oni
saneventwher
eener
gyr
api
dlyexpandsout
war
dfr
om t
hes
our
ce,of
ten
c
reat
ingadamagi
ngs
hoc
kwave.