1A.Study of Resistance

EXPERIMENT NO : TITLE: TYPES OF RESISTANCE DATE :
AIM: TO STUDY DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESISTORS.

(Identify different types of Resistors.)
THEORY: - Resistance is actually a property of matter to oppose the passage of electric

current through it. Resistance of the material is given by
R = ρ. L/A
Where ρ is the resistivity in Ωm.
L is the length in m and
A is area of cross sectional in m².
Many different types of resistors have been developed according to the requirement and
application. Resistors are mainly classified into the two types.
1. Fixed type resistors

2. Variable type resister
 FIXED TYPE RESISTORS
The fixed type resisters are again classify into three parts
1. Carbon Film Resistor
2. Metal Film Resistor
3. Wire wound type
4. Special Purpose Resistor
COMPOSITION TYPE: In this type the resistance material is Carbon (graphite). The
filler material may be silica or ceramic.
The coating is applied on the resistor to give insulation and to avoid moisture penetration.
Color coding is done at last. Value of the resistance is determined by the amount of
carbon and the filler. The resistance is less for more amount of carbon. These are
available in different power ratings from 0. 125 W to 2 W. These resistors have negative
resistance coefficient. These resistors are cheap and are used in general; purpose
electronic equipment.
1. & 3. CARBON FILM /METAL FILM RESISTOR: The film type resistors consist
of a film of suitable resistive material deposited on the ceramic or other insulating
cylinder. The resistive material may be carbon (RESISTORS 1A….TO 1H) or metal or
metal oxide (RESISTORS 3A, 3B, 3C) or ceramic. The value of the resistance is depends
upon the thickness of the film. Resistance value is continuously monitored and grooving
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is stopped when desired value is reached. End caps with copper leads are then attached at
the each end. Depending upon different resistance material utilized film type resistors are
divide into three parts
2. WIRE WOUND RESISTORS: (RESISTORS 2A….TO 2F) in wire wound resistor

the resistance element is resistance alloy wire. Ceramic rod or tube is used as a core. In
this type of resistor the resistance materials is closely wound over the core. The ends of
the wire are welded on butt caps. This protects the actual resistance wire from mechanical
strain. The whole assembly is then covered by insulating material to protect it against
moisture and to provide insulation. Wire wound resistors are mainly of two types
1. General purpose type and
2. Precision type.
4. SPECIAL PURPOSE RESISTOR: (RESISTORS 4A, 4B, 4C)

VDR (VOLTAGE DEPENDENT RESISTOR)
The Resistance of this Resistor changes with applied voltage across it.
LDR (LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR)
The Resistance of this Resistor changes with application of light intensity.
THERMISTOR (NTC)
The Resistance of this Resistor changes with application of Temperature.
It has negative temperature coefficient that means its resistance decrease as temperature
increases.
 VARIABLE TYPE RESISTORS
In variable resistors the value of the resistance is not fixed but can be varied. It has three
terminals. Two terminals are fixed and one is taken from the variable tapping. Variable
resistor can be used in two ways. One way is to use it to vary the resistance. In this case
anyone fixed terminal and a variable terminal are used. Resistance is change by changing
the position of the variable tap. Another use of variable resistor is the potential divider to
get the desired value of the voltage from the fixed available value. In this the fixed
voltage is applied across the two fixed terminal and the variable voltage is taken from one
fixed and the variable terminal.
Much different type of variable resistors is available as describe below.
1. Rotary Type Wire Wound Variable Resistor
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2. Single Turn Preset Pot
3. Step Variable Resistor
4. Decade Resistor
The resistance has three important parameters which we have to specify while buying any
resistor.
1. Value : It can be read from color code.
2.Tolarence :It shows accuracy of resistor it can be indicated by

±.5%,±1%,±5%±10%,±20%
3. Power Rating: It shows current capacity which can be calculate from W= I*I*R
It has the possible values 0.25W, 0.5W, 1W, 2W, 5W, 10W.
CONCLUSION:
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EXPERIMENT NO : TITLE: TYPES OF RESISTANCE DATE :

AIM: TO STUDY DIFFERENT TYPES OF RESISTORS.

THEORY: - Resistance is actually a property of matter to oppose the passage of electric

1. Fixed type resistors

 FIXED TYPE RESISTORS

2. WIRE WOUND RESISTORS: (RESISTORS 2A….TO 2F) in wire wound resistor

4. SPECIAL PURPOSE RESISTOR: (RESISTORS 4A, 4B, 4C)

1. Rotary Type Wire Wound Variable Resistor

3. Step Variable Resistor

1. Value : It can be read from color code.

2.Tolarence :It shows accuracy of resistor it can be indicated by

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