Core Experiments

77

No.
Trait Contrasting forms
Dominant Recessive

Plant Height

all Dwarf

Seed (Cotyledon)
colour

Yellow Green

Seed shape

Round Wrinkled

4. Flower colour

Purple White

. Pod colour

Green Yellow

6. Pod shape

Inflated Constricted

600

Flower position

Axial Terminal

chnaracters of pea plant as studied by Mendel

PROCEDURE
1. Take a lot of about 100 pea seeds in an enamel tray.

2 Separate out round and wrinkled seeds and put them in separate petridisho
es.
3 Note down the number of round and wrinkled seeds and calculate
their
4 Repeat the process for the other contrasting trait of the
seedi.e., approximatera
e ratio.
yellow and gree
OBSERVATIONS
Present your findings in the form of a table given below. Data
the table, record your finding in the same related to two findings is giten
way. givenin
Table 14.1
S. Characters/Traits of seed Total no. of No.
No.
seeds observed
of seeds showing con Approximate
1. Seed shape (Round/Wrinkled) trasting form of the trait ratio
106 80 (Round):
2. Seed colour (Yellow/Green) 26 (wrinkled) 3.07:1
110 83 (Yellow): 27
(Green) 3.07:1
CONCLUsION
The contrasting forms in both the
traits of pea seed
approximateratio of 3:1. This ratio is exactly (i.e., seed shape and seea COL
and indicate that the the same obtained by Mendel for mononyu
as
dominant
crosses
and recessive
3:1in the population of pea seeds. forms oft seed
seed shape
shape and seed colour exist in the ratio ot
and seea
co
PRECAUTIONS
1. Take a
2 sufficiently large number of seed
Observe the contrasting lot for
analysis
analysis to minimibe
minimise the errd
form of the trait
carefully.
 79

EXPERIMENT 14.2
AIM: To analyse seed sample of pea for
Mendelian dihybrid ratio of9 :3:3:1.
REQUIREMENTS
Pea seed sample, enamel tray,
petridishes, notebook, pencil/ pe
PROCEDURE
Take a lot of about 250 pea seeds
in enamel tray.
an
2. epardte Qut
yellow round, yellow wrinkled.
green round and green wrinkled seeds
them in separate and puut
petridishes.
3. Note down the
number of seeds in each plate and find out their
approximate ratlo.
OBSERVATIONS
Present your findings in the form of a table. Data related to one finding is given in the table,
record your findings in the same
way.
Table 14.2
Total no. of No. of yellow No. of yellow No. ofgreen No. of green Approximate
seeds observed round seeds wrinkled seeds round seeds wrinkled seeds ratio
257 145 48 48 16 9.06:3:3:1

CONCLUSION
The ratio of yellow round yellow wrinkled: green round: green wrinkled is approximately
9:3:3:1,which is exactly the same as obtained by Mendel for a dihybrid cross. Thisindicates that the
contrasting genes for seed colour and seed shape show an independent assortment in the population
of pea seeds.

PRECAUTIONS
Same as in Experiment 14.1.

VIVA VOCE
material?
1. What was Mendel's experimental
Ans, Garden pea (Pisum sativum).
Mendel in formulating laws of heredity?
2 . Why pea plant was a good selection by
Q,2.
Ans. Pea plant w a s a good selection by Mendel because it has
characters.
)many pairs of contrasting
i) short life cycle.
be cross-polinated easily whenever required.
(n) self-pollination and could