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Class 12 Maths Activities

1. The document describes four experiments to demonstrate different types of relations and functions using cardboard, nails, string, and plastic strips. 2. Experiment 1 shows a relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive, making it an equivalence relation. Experiment 2 shows a relation that is not an equivalence relation. 3. Experiment 3 demonstrates a function that is not one-to-one but is onto, while Experiment 4 demonstrates a function that is one-to-one but not onto.

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MOHAMED HISHAM
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2K views8 pages

Class 12 Maths Activities

1. The document describes four experiments to demonstrate different types of relations and functions using cardboard, nails, string, and plastic strips. 2. Experiment 1 shows a relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive, making it an equivalence relation. Experiment 2 shows a relation that is not an equivalence relation. 3. Experiment 3 demonstrates a function that is not one-to-one but is onto, while Experiment 4 demonstrates a function that is one-to-one but not onto.

Uploaded by

MOHAMED HISHAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ExP:04

ORJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUiRED


To verify that the relation R in the set A piece of plywood, some pieces of
L of all lines in a plane. defined by wires (8), nails, white paper, glue etc.
R= {(0, m): I1 m) is symmetric but
neither reflexive nor transitive.

METHOD Or CoNSTRUCTION
Take a piece of plywood and paste a white paper on it. Fix the wires randomly
on the plywood with the help of nails such that some of them are parallel,
some are perpendicular to each other and some are inclined as shown in
Fig..

Fig.1

DEMONSTRATION
1. Let the wires represent the lines ,, 1,..
2.1, is perpendicular to each ofthe lines l 1, . [see Fig. 1
3.1, is perpendicular to
4. 1, is parallel to l,,1, is parallel to , and 1, is parallel to
5. (1, 1). ,. 1. 0, 1). 0, 1) e R

OBSERVATI1ON
1. In Fig. 1, no line is perpendicular to itself, so the relation
R {(, m): IL m} reflexive (is/is not).

2. In Fig. I, 4Lh. Is 1, L,?- (Yes/No)

( 4)e R»(1, 1). R (ele)

Similarly, , L4. Is 1, L 1?, (Yes/No)

, ) e R »(,1) R (ele)
Also, L1 Is1, 11,?. (Yes/No)
(1,)e R ( 1 , 1 . R (ele)

The relation R .. symmetric (isfis not)


3. In Fig. 1,I, L1, and 1,11,. Is 1, L1,?..(Yes/No)
i.e. ) e Rand , . 1) e R»(,1) - R (ele)

The relation R.. transitive (is/is not).

APPLICATION
This activity can be used to check whether a
given relation is an equivalence relation or
not.
OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To verify that the relation R in the set A piece of plywood, some pieces of
L of all lines in a plane, defined by wire (8). plywood, nails, white paper,
R= {(1, m): Il m) isan equivalence glue.
relation.

METHOD OF ConSTRUCTION
Take a piece of plywood of convenient size and paste a white paper on it. Fix
the wires randomly on the plywood with the help of nails such that some of
them are parallel. some are perpendicular to each other and some are inclined
as shown in Fig. 2.

Fig2

DEMONSTRATION
1. Let the wires represent the lines l, 1
2. 1, is perpendicular to each of the lines 1. , 1, (see Fig. 2).
3.1, is perpendicular to I,
4. 1, is parallel to /,. 1, is parallel to , and 1, is parallel to
5. (11,). ,1). 0, 1). eR

OBSERVATION
1. In Fig. 2, every line is parallel to itself. So the relation R= {(1, m): Ill m)
. reflexive relation (is/is not)
2. In Fig. 2, observe that 1,|1/,. Is , 1 ? (¥7|U)
So, 1)e R=(,1)... R (¬le)
Similarly. 1 . Is ,..,? (*i 1 )
So, .1)e R(,1).. R (¬le)
and .1,)e R»(,1.. R (ele)

The relation R... symmetric relation (is/is not)


3. In Fig. 2, observe that ,1, and 1, 1,. Is l, ..1,? (0/1)
So, 1)e Rand ,. 1) e R (,.1)... R (E/¬)
Similarly. 1, , and , 1 1, Is.? W/U)
So, 1 e R, (, 1)e R=(, 1).. R (E,¬)
Thus, the relation R .. transitive relation (is/is not)
Hence, the relation R is reflexive, symmetric and transitive. So, R is an
equivalence relation.

APPLICATIoN
This activity is useful in understanding the
concept of an equivalence relation.
ExPERIMENT- 3.
Ex

OBJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED


To demonstrale a function which is Cardboard, nails, strings, adhesive
not one-one but is onto. and plastic strips.

METHOD OF CoNSTRUCTION
1. Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the cardboard and fix three nails
on it as shown in the Fig.3.1. Name the nails on the strip as 1, 2 and 3.
2. Paste another strip on the right hand side of the cardboard and fix two nails in
the plastic strip as shown in Fig.3.2. Name the nails on the strip as a and h.
3. Join nails on the left strip to the nails on the right strip as shown in Fig. 3.3.

Fig. 3.1 Flg. 3.2 Fig. 3.3

DEMONSTRATION
1. Take the set X =
{1, 2, 3
2. Take the set Y = {a, b}

3. Join (corespondence) elements of X to the elements of Y as shown in Fig. 3.3

OBSERVATON
1. The image of the element I ofX in Y is,
The image of the element 2 of X in Y is.
The image of the element 3 of X in Y is

So, Fig. 3.3 representsa


2. Every element in X has a image in Y. So, the function is
(one-one/not one-one).
3. The pre-image of each element of Y in X _ (exists/does not exist).
So, the function is (onto/not onto).

APPLICATKON

This activity can be used to demonstrate the


concept of one-one and onto function.
Dake:
ExPERIM6T o4
ORJECTIVE MATERIAL REQUIRED
To demonstrate a function which is Cardboard, nails, strings, adhesive
one-one but not onto. and plastic strips.

METHOD OF CoNSTRUCTION
1. Paste a plastic strip on the left hand side of the cardboard and fix two nails
in it as shown in the Fig. 4.1. Name the nails as a and b.
2. Paste another strip on the right hand side of the cardboard and fix three
nails on it as shown in the Fig. 4.2. Name the nails on the right strip as
1,2and 3.

3. Join nails on the left strip to the nails on the right strip as shown in the Fig. 4.3.

b 3
Fig. 4.1 Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.3

DEMIONSTRATION
1. Take the set X = {a. b}

2. Take the set Y = {1, 2, 3).


3. Join elements of X to the elements of Y as shown in Fig. 4.3.
OBSERVATION
I. The image of the element a of X in Y is .

The image of the element b of X in Y is .

So, the Fig. 4.3 represents a


2. Every element in X has a image in Y. So, the function is
(one-one/not one-one).
3. The pre-image of the element 1 of Y in X. (exists/does not
exist). So, the function is . (onto/not onto).

Thus, Fig. 4.3 represents a function which is but not onto.

APPLICAToN

This activity can be used to demonstrate the concept of one-one but not onto
function.

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