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DOS Internal Ans External Commands Notes

Internal commands are built into the operating system and can be accessed quickly through COMMAND.COM. They have lower resource requirements than external commands. External commands perform more advanced tasks but require accessing separate files, making them slower. Some examples of internal commands are CLS, COPY, DIR, and DATE while external commands include DELTREE, TREE, PRINT, and FORMAT. Keeping external commands in separate files helps reduce the load on the system.

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10K views

DOS Internal Ans External Commands Notes

Internal commands are built into the operating system and can be accessed quickly through COMMAND.COM. They have lower resource requirements than external commands. External commands perform more advanced tasks but require accessing separate files, making them slower. Some examples of internal commands are CLS, COPY, DIR, and DATE while external commands include DELTREE, TREE, PRINT, and FORMAT. Keeping external commands in separate files helps reduce the load on the system.

Uploaded by

Gaurav Bisht
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

COPY CON
It is used to create a file in the existing directory. Here CON is a
DOS reserved word which stands for console.
Syntax is: COPY  CON filename after that press Enter and start
typing your text and after you’re done typing your text, to save and
exit hit F6 key.

Why are internal and external commands needed?

Internal commands are more commonly used and important to the


operation and use of the Windows operating system. By embedding
them in the command.com file, they can be quickly accessed and always
available in MS-DOS and to Windows when needed.
External commands are powerful. They help fix problems, improve
performance, and perform other actions as well. External commands
usually have higher resource requirements than internal commands.
Keeping them in separate files, separated from internal commands, helps
to reduce the load on Windows. They can also be added to Windows
whenever needed by copying the external command’s file to the
computer.

DOS Commands are divided into 2 types:

Internal Commands

Internal Commands are built into the operating system as the part of a
file called COMMAND.COM
When you type an Internal Command MS-DOS will perform it
immediately. All of the internal commands are part of the shell which
could be command.com or cmd.exe (depending on your version of MS-
DOS or Windows) and are not separate files on the hard drive. As long
as you can open a command line you can run any of the internal
commands included with your version of MS-DOS
Example Of Ms-dos Internal Command Are:

1. CLS – It is a command that allows you to clear the complete contents of


the screen and leave only a prompt.REN – It is used to rename files and
directories from the original name to a new name.
2. EXIT – The exit command is used to withdrawal from the currently
running application and the MS-DOS session.
3. RMDIR – Removes an empty directory in MS-DOS.
4. DEL- Del is a command used to delete files from the computer.
5. COPY – Allows you to copy one or more files to an alternate location.
6. TYPE- Display the contents of a text file.
7. DATE – The date command can be used to look at the current date of
the computer as well as change the date to an alternate date.
8. TIME – Allows the user to view and edit the computer’s time.
9. DIR – The dir command displays information about files and directories,
and how many spaces available.
10. MKDIR/MD – Allows you to create directories in MS-DOS.
11. PATH – Path is used to specify the location where MS-DOS looks
when using a command.
12. RD- Remove a directory.

External Commands

These external commands are for performing advanced tasks and they
do need some external file support as they are not stored in
COMMAND.COM. There are also Batch commands or Batch files
which are text files that contain a list of internal and/or external
commands which are executed in sequence when the batch file is
executed. AUTOEXEC.BAT gets executed automatically on booting.
Examples of External Commands are:-

1. DELTREE- Short for delete tree, deltree is a command used to delete


files and directories permanently from the computer.
2. TREE- Allows the user to view a listing of files and folders in an easy to
read the listing.
3. PRINT – The print command allows users to print a text file to a line
printer, in the background.
4. FIND – Allows you to search for text within a file.
5. XCOPY – Xcopy is a powerful version of the copy command with
additional features; has the capability of moving files, directories, and
even whole drives from one location to another.
6. FORMAT – Format is used to erase information off of a computer
diskette or fixed drive.
7. PRINT – Printing a file.
8. MOVE- Allows you to move files or directories from one folder to
another, or from one drive to another.

Difference between internal and external commands

INTERNAL COMMAND EXTERNAL COMMAND


Internal commands are loaded and executed User first requests to load external
by the operating system commands
Internal commands are faster than external External commands are slower than
commands internal commands
Internal commands are part of the shell External commands require a path
External commands are stored in a hard
Internal commands are stored in RAM
drive
These commands are built-in into the These commands are not built-in into
command prompt the command prompt
INTERNAL COMMAND EXTERNAL COMMAND
Examples of internal commands are: Examples of external commands are:
type, start, move, path, type, date, del, dir, edit, label, print, help, move, comp,
cls, vol, ver, title, md, rd, prompt, copy con sort, format, backup, restore, tree, find

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