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    Laplace Transform

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    Sumangil, Maria Margarita P.
    The document discusses the Laplace transform, which converts a derivative function with a real variable t into a complex function with variable s for t ≥ 0. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral formula. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the Laplace transform of basic functions like 1, t, sin(t), and e-at using relevant formulas and properties. Key formulas and properties like linearity, shifting theorems, and transforms of common functions are also summarized.

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    Laplace Transform

    Uploaded by

    Sumangil, Maria Margarita P.
    100 views8 pages
    The document discusses the Laplace transform, which converts a derivative function with a real variable t into a complex function with variable s for t ≥ 0. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral formula. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the Laplace transform of basic functions like 1, t, sin(t), and e-at using relevant formulas and properties. Key formulas and properties like linearity, shifting theorems, and transforms of common functions are also summarized.

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    The document discusses the Laplace transform, which converts a derivative function with a real variable t into a complex function with variable s for t ≥ 0. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral formula. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the Laplace transform of basic functions like 1, t, sin(t), and e-at using relevant formulas and properties. Key formulas and properties like linearity, shifting theorems, and transforms of common functions are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    100 views8 pages

    Laplace Transform

    Uploaded by

    Sumangil, Maria Margarita P.
    The document discusses the Laplace transform, which converts a derivative function with a real variable t into a complex function with variable s for t ≥ 0. The Laplace transform of a function f(t) is defined by an integral formula. Examples are provided to demonstrate calculating the Laplace transform of basic functions like 1, t, sin(t), and e-at using relevant formulas and properties. Key formulas and properties like linearity, shifting theorems, and transforms of common functions are also summarized.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Introduction

     Laplace transform is the integral transform of the given derivative


    function with real variable t to convert into a complex function
    with variable s. For t ≥ 0, let f(t) be given and assume the function
    satisfies certain conditions to be stated later on.
     The Laplace transform of f(t), that is denoted by L{f(t)} or F(s) is
    defined by the Laplace transform formula:

    where,
    L{f(t) = Laplace Transform
    F(s) = Laplace Transform
    s = Complex Number
    t = Real Number ≥ 0

    Time Domain (t) S Domain (s)

    Example:
    L {1}
    ∞
    F (s) = ∫e 0
    −st
    f ( t ) dt

    Given:
    f ( t )=1

    Steps to solve:
    ∞
    F (s) = ∫e 0
    −st
    ∙ 1 dt
    1. Substitute value of f ( t ) to the
    equation.

    ∞
    F (s) = ∫e 0
    −st
    dt 2. Simplify then evaluate the
    equation.
    To evaluate the given equation,
    Let u = -st
    du = -sdt
    du 1
    dt = or du
    ∞
    −s −s
    du
    = ∫ e −s
    u

    0
    3. Replace –st by u.

    ∞
    1
    = ∫ e u du
    −s 0
    4. Extract the constant then
    integrate the remaining given.

    1
    = −s [ e ]0∞
    u
    5. Substitute value of u.

    1
    = −s [ e ]0∞
    −st
    6. Evaluate e−st from 0 to ∞.

    1
    = −s [ e ]
    − s(∞) −s (0 )
    −e 7. Simplify

    0 1 *Remember
    1. Any number raised to infinity is equal to 0.
    2. Any number raised to zero is 1.
    1
    = −s [ e −e−s (0 ) ]
    − s(∞)

    1
    = −s [ 0−1 ]

    1
    = −s [ −1 ]

    L {1} = 1
    s or F (s) = 1
    s

    Linearity Property

    L {af (t)} + b f (t)} = a L{ f (t)} + b L{f (t)}


    1 2 1 2
    Important Formulas
    1 k
    1. ℒ {1} = s 5. ℒ {sin(kt)}= 2 2
    s +k
    n! s
    2. ℒ {t n} = s n+1 6. ℒ {cosh(k-1)} = 2 2
    s −k
    1 k
    3. ℒ {e at } = s−a 7. ℒ {sinh(k-1)} = s −k 2
    2

    s
    4. ℒ {cos(kt)}= s + k2
    2

    Example 1

    Find ℒ {2 t + 3 sin (2t)}


    2

    Solution: Formula:
    n!
    = ℒ {2 t } + ℒ {3 sin (2t)}
    2
    ℒ {t } = s
    n
    n+1

    = 2ℒ {t } + 3ℒ { sin (2t)} k
    2
    ℒ {sin(kt)}= s + k 2 2

    2! 2
    =2 s3
    +3 2
    s +4

    =
    2 3
    4 6 4 s +16+ 6 s
    = 3
    + 2
    s s +4
    3 2
    s (s +4 )

    =
    2 3
    4 s +16+ 6 s
    3 2
    s (s +4 )
    Example 2

    Find ℒ {t – cos5t}

    Solution: Formula:
    1
    = ℒ {t} - ℒ {cos5t} ℒ {t } = 2
    s
    1 s s
    = 2
    − 2 2
    s s +5 ℒ {cos(kt)}= s + k
    2 2

    1 s
    = 2
    − 2
    s s +25
    3 2

    = −s +s +25
    2 3
    s + 25−s
    = 2 2
    s ( s +25)
    2 2
    s ( s +25)
    First Shifting Theorem

    L {e−at f (t) } = F (s +a)


    L {e f (t ) }
    at
    = F (s−a)
    where,
    a is a constant
    f is a given function.
    F ( s ) =L{f ( t ) }

    Example:
    L { e cos 3 t }
    2t

    given:
    a = -2
    f(t) = cos 3t

    1. Solve for F(s).


    L { cos 3 t }
    s
    Use L { cos ⁡(kt) } =
    s + k2
    2

    given:
    k=3

    s 2. Substitute the value of k.


    L { cos ⁡(3 t) } = s + 32
    2
    F (s +a) 3. Solve for F (s−a) using the given
    s−2 s
    F ( s−2 ) = ( s−2 )2 +9 F (s) = 2
    s +9
    a = -2

    s−2
    F ( s−2 )= 2
    s −4 s +13

    Second Shifting Theorem

    L { f (t−a) } ∙ u ( t−a ) } =e
    −as
    F ( s)

    where,
    a is a constant

    f is a given function

    F ( s ) =L{f ( t ) }

    u is a step function

    in general, u ( t−a ) (for a ≥ 0 ¿ as

    {
    0 , for t<a ;
    1
    u ( t−a ) := , for t=a ;
    2
    1 , for t> a .
    Second Shifting Formula
    L { f (t−a) } ∙ u ( t −a ) } = e−as F ( s)

    Example:
    L { cos 3(t−1)∙ u(t−1) }

    given:
    a=1
    f(t-a) = cos 3(t-1)
    f(t) = cos 3t

    L { cos 3 t }
    1. Solve for F(s).
    s
    Use L { cos ⁡(kt) } = 2 2
    s +k
    given:
    k=3

    s
    L { cos ⁡(3 t) } = 2
    s +3
    2

    s 2. Substitute value of a and F (s) .


    e−as F ( s )=e−s 2 2
    s +3 given:
    a=1
    s
    F (s) = 2
    s +9

    −s
    e s
    L { cos 3(t−1)∙ u(t−1) }=¿ 2
    s +9

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