Scribd
Upload
162 views3 pages

Experiment No.14

This document discusses different types of temperature measuring devices, including thermocouples, optical pyrometers, radiation pyrometers, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). Thermocouples measure temperature by generating voltage based on the temperature difference between two junctions. Optical pyrometers compare the brightness of an object to a reference lamp to determine temperature. Radiation pyrometers detect the infrared radiation emitted by an object to measure its temperature. RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in electrical resistance that correspond to temperature changes.

Uploaded by

T.M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
162 views3 pages

Experiment No.14

This document discusses different types of temperature measuring devices, including thermocouples, optical pyrometers, radiation pyrometers, and resistance temperature detectors (RTDs). Thermocouples measure temperature by generating voltage based on the temperature difference between two junctions. Optical pyrometers compare the brightness of an object to a reference lamp to determine temperature. Radiation pyrometers detect the infrared radiation emitted by an object to measure its temperature. RTDs measure temperature by detecting changes in electrical resistance that correspond to temperature changes.

Uploaded by

T.M
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Temperature Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)

EXPERIMENT NO. 14

Aim: To study of different types of temperature measuring devices.

Objective:
After completion of this experiment students are aware with the working principle of different
types of thermometers.

Introduction:
Temperature of the substance represents its thermal state i.e. hotness or coldness.
Temperature is the most widely measured quantity in process industry.

Thermocouple
A thermocouple is comprised of at least two metals joined together to form two junctions. One
is connected to the body whose temperature is to be measured; this is the hot or measuring
junction. The other junction is connected to a body of known temperature; this is the cold or
reference junction. Therefore the thermocouple measures unknown temperature of the body
with reference to the known temperature of the other body.
If the temperature of both the junctions is same, equal and opposite emf will be generated at
both junctions and the net current flowing through the junction is zero. If the junctions are
maintained at different temperatures, the emf’s will not become zero and there will be a net
current flowing through the circuit. The total emf flowing through this circuit depends on the
metals used within the circuit as well as the temperature of the two junctions. The total emf or
the current flowing through the circuit can be measured easily by the suitable device

Figure 14.1 Temperature measurement by thermocouple

Optical Pyrometer
The principle of temperature measurement by brightness comparison is used in optical
pyrometer. A colour variation with the growth in temperature is taken as an index of
temperature. This optical pyrometer compares the brightness of image produced by
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic Porbandar 14.1
Temperature Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
temperature source with that of reference temperature lamp. The current in the lamp is
adjusted until the brightness of the lamp is equal to the brightness of the image produced by
the temperature source. Since the intensity of light of any wave length depends on the
temperature of the radiating object, the current passing through the lamp becomes a measure
of the temperature of the temperature source when calibrated.

Figure 14.2 Temperature measurement by optical pyrometer


When a temperature source is to be measured, the radiation from the source is focused onto
the filament of the reference temperature lamp using the objective lens. Now the eye piece is
adjusted so that the filament of the reference temperature lamp is in sharp focus and the
filament is seen super imposed on the image of the temperature source. Now the observer
starts controlling the lamp current and the filament will appear dark as in figure 14.3(a) if the
filament is cooler than the temperature source, the filament will appear bright as in figure
14.3(b) if the filament is hotter than the temperature source, the filament will not be seen as in
figure 14.3(c) if the filament and temperature source are in the same temperature.

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 14.3 Image of filament


Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic Porbandar 14.2
Temperature Measurement Metrology & Instrumentation (3341905)
Hence the observer should control the lamp current until the filament and the temperature
source have the same brightness. At that instance, the current flowing through the lamp which
is indicated by the millivoltmeter connected to the lamp becomes a measure of the
temperature of the temperature source when calibrated.

Radiation Pyrometer:
A radiation pyrometer is a noncontact temperature sensor that measures the temperature of
an object by detecting its naturally emitted thermal radiation. An optical system collects the
visible and infrared energy from an object and focuses it on a detector, as shown in figure 14.4.
The detector converts the collected energy into an electrical signal to drive a temperature
display or control unit.

Figure 14.4 Temperature measurement by radiation pyrometer

Resistance Temperature Detectors:


Resistance thermometers, also called resistance temperature detectors (RTDs), are sensors
used to measure temperature. An RTD is a temperature sensing device whose resistance
increases with temperature. Measuring the temperature of an RTD involves measuring this
resistance accurately.

Figure 14.5 Temperature measurement by resistance temperature detectrors


The RTD signal is generally measured one of two ways: either by connecting the RTD element
in one leg of a Wheatstone bridge excited by a constant reference voltage, or by running it in
series with a precision current reference and measuring the corresponding IR voltage drop.
The latter method is generally preferred as it has less dependence on the reference resistance
of the RTD element.
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Government Polytechnic Porbandar 14.3

You might also like