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Chapter 10

1. The document discusses nitrogen and its compounds, describing their laboratory preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, and uses. 2. Key compounds discussed include ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), dinitrogen oxide (N2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). 3. The preparation and properties of these compounds are explained, along with their uses in areas like refrigeration, fertilizer production, and as anesthetics.

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J.K Homer
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
33 views9 pages

Chapter 10

1. The document discusses nitrogen and its compounds, describing their laboratory preparation, physical properties, chemical properties, and uses. 2. Key compounds discussed include ammonia (NH3), nitrogen (N2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitric oxide (NO), dinitrogen oxide (N2O), and nitric acid (HNO3). 3. The preparation and properties of these compounds are explained, along with their uses in areas like refrigeration, fertilizer production, and as anesthetics.

Uploaded by

J.K Homer
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CHAPTER (10)

Nitrogen and its Compounds


Dr. Nay Mar Soe
Dr. Myint Myint Htwe

Edkufx½dk*sif"mwfaiGU (N2 gas) onf avxJwGif yg0ifaom


t"du"mwfaiGUwpfck jzpfygonf/ avxkxJwGif tav;csdeftm;jzifh 76%ç
xkxnftm;jzifh 79%onf N2 gas jzpfygonf/ þoifcef;pmwGif N2 gas tygt0if
NO, NO2, NH3, N2O ESifh HNO3 wdkY\ xkwfazmfenf;rsm; (Laboratory
Preparation, manufacture) ? ½kyf*kPfowådrsm; (Physical Properties) ?
"mwf*kPfowådrsm; (Chemical Properties) toHk;jyKyHkrsm; (uses)
wdkYtjyif ausmif;om;? olrsm; owdjyK&rnfh tcsufawGudkyg
xnfhoGif;azmfjyxm;wm jzpfygonf/
yxrOD;pGm ausmif;om;^olrsm; owdrl&rnfhtcsufrsm;udk
azmfjyay;vdkygonf/ wuúodkvf0ifwef;pmar;yGJwGif
"mwfcGJcef;xkwfazmfyHk (laboratory preparation) ajzqdkMuonfh
ausmif;om;^olrsm;onf ay;rSwf (8)rSwf tjynfh&ol enf;onfudk
awGU&ygonf/ tajzvTmrsm;ay:wGif trsm;qHk;awGU&onfh
trSwfavsmhaponfhtcsuftcsdKUudk owdjyKap vdkonfh
&nf&G,fcsufjzifh pkpnf;wifjyxm;ygonf/

nDrQjcif;ajzqdk&mwGif awGU&onfh tcsufrsm;


- ‘Cu’ oauFwtwGuf pmom;nDrQjcif;wGif Copper tpm; Cupper [k
rSm;a&;jcif;? NaNO2 twGuf Sodium nitrite tpm; Sodium nitrate [k
rSm;a&;jcif;? NH4Cl twGuf ammonium chloride tpm; ammonia chloride [k
rSm;,Gif;a&;om;jcif;/
- wcgw&H pmom;nDrQjcif; (word equation) rSefaomfvnf; oauFw
(symbol) rSm;aeonf udkvnf; awGU&ygonf/

yHkwGifawGU&onfhtcsufrsm;
"mwfaiGUxkwfazmfjcif;ajzqdk&mwGif
yHkonfta&;BuD;ygonf/ yHkrsm;udk rSefuefatmif qGJwwfaomfvnf;
yHkwGifxnfh&rnfh chemical ESifh heat a&;&ef usefaejcif;? Thistle funnel
onf flat-bottomed flask wGif;&Sd t&nfxJwGif repfjrKyfjcif;? dropping funnel
qGJ&mwGif tap rygjcif;? flask ESifh gas jar wdkYwGif tzHk; (stopper)
yGifhaejcif;wdkY rjzpfap&ef txl;*½kjyK oifhygonf/
xkwfazmfyHktqifhqifhwGifawGU&onfhtcsufrsm;
nDrQjcif;? yHkESifh xkwfazmfyHktqifhqifhwGif yg0ifaom
chemical rsm; wlnD&ef vdktyf ygonf/ ausmif;om;^oltrsm;pkonf
tvGwfusufrSwfonfh tavhtusifhaMumifh chemical rsm;udk
&nfñTef;&mESifh xkwfazmfyHktqifhqifha&;&mwdkYwGif
uGJjym;aewwfonfudkvnf; awGU&ygonf/
"mwfaiGUxkwfazmfyHktqifhqifha&;&mwGif
atmufygtqifhrsm;onf a,bk,stm;jzifh yg0ifrnfjzpfaomfvnf;
xkwfazmfonfh gas \ *kPfowåday:rlwnfí rvdkonfhtqifhrsm;udk jzKwfí
avhvmEdkifygonf/
1. toHk;jyKrnfh chemical udk oifhavsmfonfh flask twGif;odkY
xnfhjcif;/
2. ud&d,mrsm;udk yHkwGifjyxm;onfhtwdkif; wyfqifjcif;/
3. Acid udk Funnel rS avmif;xnfhjcif;/ (Acid roHk;vQif jzKwfyg/)
4. tylwdkufjcif;/ (tylwdkuf&ef rvdkvQif jzKwfyg/)
5. xkwfazmfonfh "mwfaiGUxGufvmjcif;/
6. ajcmufaoGUaom "mwfaiGUpkaqmif;vdkygu drying agent ay:odkY
"mwfaiGUjzwfapjcif;/
7. *kPfowåday:rlwnfí pkaqmif;enf; azmfjyjcif;/
8. "mwfaiGUjynfh? rjynfhprf;oyfjcif; (a&wGif pkvQif (odkY)
"mwfaiGUta&mif&SdvQif rvdkyg)

"mwfaiGUwpfckcsif;pDtwGuf owdxm;&rnfh tcsufrsm;


Ammonia, Nitrogen, Dinitrogen oxide (NH3, N2, N2O)
- NH3, N2, N2O gas xkwfazmf&mwGif Acid yg0ifjcif;r&SdbJ ammonium
salts rsm;udk tylay;jcif;jzifh xkwfazmfygonf/ xdkYaMumifh round-
bottomed flask udk ab;apmif; taetxm;jzifh yHkqGJjcif;
tajccHwlygonf/ odkYaomf ¤if;wdkY\ *kPfowådrsm;
uGJjym;rIaMumifh pkaqmif;enf;uGmjcm;onfudk yHk? Equation
ESifh
xkwfazmfyHktqifhqifhwdkYudk ,SOfwGJazmfjyxm;ygonf/
- qufvufNyD; NO2, NO ESifh HNO3 xkwfazmfjcif;wGif Acid jyif;? Acid
aysmh uGmjcm;csufudk &Sif;&Sif;vif;vif; rSwfxm;zdkY
vdkygonf/

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)


NO2 xkwfazmf&mwGif Copper ESifh nitric acid (conc:)
tjyif;oHk;NyD; tylwdkuf&ef vdkonfhtwGuf round bottomed flask ESifh
dropping funnel onf flask wpf0ufcefY t&Snf &Sd&rnf/ (t&nfxJepf&ef
rvdkyg)/ tap onf acid jyif;udk wpfpufcsif;xnfh&efESifh
"mwfaiGUxGufvQif cvkyfydwf&efjzpfaMumif; od&ygrnf/
eDndKa&mif NO2 onf a&wGif aysmf0ifNyD; avxufav;jcif;aMumifh
upward displacement of air jzifh pkaqmif;ygonf/

Nitrogen oxide (NO)


NO xkwfazmf&mwGif Copper ESifh nitric acid aysmh (dilute)
oHk;NyD; tylwdkuf&ef rvdkyg/ xdkYaMumifh flat-bottomed flask ESifh
thistle funnel udk toHk;jyKyg/ funnel onf flask atmufajcrxdbJ flask xJ&Sd
t&nfxJwGif tenf;i,fepfjrKyf&ef vdktyfygonf/ NO2 xkwfazmfonfh
chemical ESifh wlaeí a&mygaeaom NO2 z,f&efESifh NO gas onf
ta&mifrJhNyD;a&wGif raysmfEdkifjcif;aMumifh downward displacement
of water jzifh pkaqmif;jcif;jzpfaMumif; em;vnf&ef vdktyfygonf/

Nitric acid (HNO3)


xkwfazmf&mwGif retort udk a&G;cs,fjcif;rSm chemical tjzpf
HNO3
H2SO4 (conc :) oHk;jcif;? tylay;vdkjcif;? HNO3 udk t&nftjzpf
pkaqmif;vdkjcif; condensation apparatus ESifh
wGJzuf&eftqifajyjcif;wdkYaMumifh jzpfygonf/

Physical Properties and uses of nitrogen and its compounds


Gas Physical Properties Uses
NH3 - lighter than air very soluble in water - liquid NH3 is used in
- colourless , pungent smell refrigerator
- basic (or) alkaline property - manufacture of fertilizer, nitric
acid, nitrates, urea
- solubility test for NH3 is “fountain
experiment”
N2 - slightly soluble in water - Manufacture of NH3 from which
- slightly less dense than air nitrogenous fertilizer, nitric acid
and urea are prepared.
- colourless, odourless gas
- condense to a liquid (b.pt-1960C)
- freezes to a solid (m.pt-2100C)
- inert gas, does not support combustion.
N2O - fairly soluble in cold water. - as a anesthetic for minor
- neutral oxide surgical operation
- colourless gas , sweetish odour - laughing gas
- support combustion.
NO - colourless gas
- insoluble in water
- neutral to litmus
NO2 - pungent , irritating smell
- (gas) reddish brown colour (at RT)
- (liquid) pale Yellow colour(at 220C
under normal press:)
(solid) colourless (at-100C under same
pressure)

HNO3 - Colourless , fuming liquid. - Manufacture of explosive dyes


and fertilizer.

Chemical Properties
N2 gas
+O2
at high
temp:
+H2

at high
N2
temp:

at 1000C

NH3 gas (hydride of nitrogen)

+HCl

burns in air

passed over
heated CuO
+Cl2

NH3

+ metal

2 O
+H
fountain

N2O gas
, 600C

O
N2

burning

materials

\ reaction rsm;tm;vHk;wGif
(N2O gas N2 gas rsm; yg0ifaeonfudk
owdjyK&ef)
NO gas

NO
(Brown Ring Test)

burning
material

NO2 gas

NO2 (At-10C, nitrogen dioxide exists as a solid)

Nitric acid (HNO3)

1. Acidic Property
2. Oxidizing
agent

very reactive
metal Mg

3. Action with less


reactive
metal
Metal below
H in electro
chemical
series

4. Ability of aqua regia

'Doifcef;pmESifh ywfoufí xkwfazmfyHkrsm;? *kPfowådrsm;udk


wdkuf&dkufar;jref;onfh ar;cGef;rsm;tjyif OmPfprf;ar;cGef;
yHkpHrsm;udkvnf; avhvmoifhygonf/ xdkUaMumifherlem
ar;cGef;yHkpHrsm;udkvnf; ajzjyxm;ygonf/
eg(1) Answer the following questions for manufacturing process of ammonia.
(a) Give the name of manufacturing method for ammonia.
(b) Draw a diagram , you could set up for this process.
(c) Name the sources from which starting materials are obtained.
(d) In what ratio by volume, should be nitrogen and hydrogen be mixed? Explain why
this ratio is used.
(e) What is the purpose of the catalyst? Which catalyst used in the process?
(f) Describe the uses of ammonia
Ans : (a) Manufacturing method for ammonia is Haber process.
(b) azmfjyjyD;/
(c) Nitrogen is obtained from air and hydrogen may be obtained from water.
(d) Nitrogen and Hydrogen should be mixed in the ratio of 1:3 by volume.
Nitrogen + hydrogen ammonia
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)
By the equation , 1 mole of nitrogen reacts with 3 moles of hydrogen to produce 2
moles of ammonia. Under same temperature and pressure, equal moles of different
gases will have same volume. Therefore nitrogen and hydrogen will react in volume
ratio of 1:3 to produce 2 volumes of ammonia.
(e) The purpose of the catalyst is to increase the rate of reaction towards the right without
itself undergoing any change.
The catalyst used in this process is finely divided reduced iron impregnated with
Alumina A12O3 .
(f) (i) The liquid of ammonia is used in refrigerators.
(ii) Manufacture of fertilizers, nitric acid and nitrates, urea and other organic
compounds.
e.g (2) You are given the following gases and answer the questions nitrogen, ammonia,
nitrogen oxide dinitrogen oxide , nitrogen dioxide .
(a) Which of the gases is neutral oxide?
(b) Which of the gases is very soluble in water. Name the experiment to confirm its
solubility?
(c) Which of the gases is used in minor surgical operations?
(d) Which of the gases solidify at -100 C and under normal pressure?
(e) Which of the above gases will given brown ring when reacted with iron II sulphate?
Give formula of brown ring compound?
(f) Which of the above gases is relatively inert and does not support combustion?

Ans: (a) Dinitrogen oxide gas is neutral oxide .


(b) Ammonia gas is very soluble in water. Fountain experiment to confirm its
solubility .
(c) Dinitrogen oxide gas used in minor surgical operation?
(d) Nitrogen oxide gas solidities at -100 C and under normal pressure?
(e) Nitrogen oxide gas will give brown ring when reacted with iron II sulphate. The
formula of brown compound is FeSO4.NO.
(f) Nitrogen gas is relatively inert and does not support combustion.

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