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Solution of ch7

This document discusses several physics problems involving conservation of energy. Problem 7.37 calculates the work required to lift a piano to an apartment, which is 8.75×104 J. It then calculates that with three workmen exerting 371 J/s using a pulley system with 0.75 efficiency, it would take them 236 seconds or 3.93 minutes to complete the lift.

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50 views3 pages

Solution of ch7

This document discusses several physics problems involving conservation of energy. Problem 7.37 calculates the work required to lift a piano to an apartment, which is 8.75×104 J. It then calculates that with three workmen exerting 371 J/s using a pulley system with 0.75 efficiency, it would take them 236 seconds or 3.93 minutes to complete the lift.

Uploaded by

,冰果
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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P7.7 We assign height y = 0 to the table top.

Using conservation of
energy for the system of the Earth and the two objects:

(a) ∆K + ∆U = 0
∆K1 + ∆K 2 + ∆U 1 + ∆U 2 = 0
1  1 
 2 m1 v 2
− 0  +  2 m2 v − 0
2

+ (0 − m1 gh)+ (m2 gh − 0) = 0
1
(m1 + m2 )v 2 = m1 gh − m2 gh = (m1 − m2 )gh
2
ANS. FIG. P7.7

(5.00 kg + 3.00 kg )v 2 = (5.00 kg − 3.00 kg )g (4.00 m )


1
2

v = 19.6 m/ s = 4.43 m/ s

(b) Now we apply conservation of energy for the system of the


3.00-kg object and the Earth during the time interval between
the instant when the string goes slack and the instant at which
the 3.00-kg object reaches its highest position in its free fall.

∆K + ∆U = 0 → ∆K = −∆U
1 v2
0− m2 v 2 = −m2 g∆y → ∆y =
2 2g
∆y = 1.00 m
y max = 4.00 m + ∆y = 5.00 m

P7.15 (a) The spring does positive work on the


block:

1 2 1 2
Ws = kxi − kx f
2 2
Ws = (500 N/ m )(5.00 × 10−2 m ) − 0
1 2

2
= 0.625 J

Applying ∆K = Ws:
ANS. FIG. P7.15
1 2 1 2
mv f − mvi
2 2
1 2
= Ws → mv f − 0 = Ws
2

so

2(Ws )
vf =
m
2(0.625)
= m/ s = 0.791 m/ s
2.00

(b) Now friction results in an increase in internal energy fk d of the

block-surface system. From conservation of energy for a


nonisolated system,

Ws = ∆K + ∆Eint
∆K = Ws − f k d
1 2 1 2
mv f − mvi = Ws − f k d = Ws − µ smgd
2 2

mv f = 0.625 J− (0.350)(2.00 kg )(9.80 m/ s2 )(0.050 0 m )


1 2
2
(2.00 kg )v 2f = 0.625 J− 0.343 J= 0.282 J
1
2
2(0.282)
vf = m/ s = 0.531 m/ s
2.00

P7.22 For the system consisting of the masses and Earth,

∆Emech = − f k d
K f − Ki + U f − U i = − fkd

m1v 2 + m2 v 2 + (−m2 gh) = − µ k m1 gh


1 1
2 2 ANS. FIG. P7.22

because f k = µ k n = µ k m1 g and d = h. We have

1
m2 gh − µ k m1 gh = (m1 + m2 )v 2
2
2(m2 − µ k m1 )(hg)
v2 =
m1 + m2

2(9.80 m s2 )(1.50 m ) 5.00 kg − 0.400(3.00 kg )


v=
8.00 kg
= 3.74 m/ s

*P7.37 As the piano is lifted at constant speed up to the apartment, the


total work that must be done on it is

(
Wnc = ∆K + ∆U g = 0 + mg y f − y i )
= (3.50 × 103 N )(25.0 m )
= 8.75 × 104 J

The three workmen (using a pulley system with an efficiency of


0.750) do work on the piano at a rate of

 
Pnet = 0.750 3Psingle  = 0.750[3(165 W )]= 371 W = 371 J/ s
 w orker 

so the time required to do the necessary work on the piano is


Wnc 8.75 × 104 J  1 min 
∆t = = = 236 s = (236 s) = 3.93 min
Pnet 371 J s  60 s 

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