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CH - 6) Applications of Definite Integrals

This document discusses applications of definite integrals including calculating volumes, arc lengths, surface areas of revolution, work, and centers of mass. It includes examples of finding the volume of various solids using cross-sections, cylindrical shells, and revolutions about axes. Methods are presented for computing the arc length of curves and surface areas of solids generated by revolving a curve about an axis. Optional sections cover work done by forces and finding the center of mass for distributed masses.

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101 views19 pages

CH - 6) Applications of Definite Integrals

This document discusses applications of definite integrals including calculating volumes, arc lengths, surface areas of revolution, work, and centers of mass. It includes examples of finding the volume of various solids using cross-sections, cylindrical shells, and revolutions about axes. Methods are presented for computing the arc length of curves and surface areas of solids generated by revolving a curve about an axis. Optional sections cover work done by forces and finding the center of mass for distributed masses.

Uploaded by

,冰果
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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1

CALCULUS
Chia-Yen Yang Department of Biomedical Engineering
2022 Ming Chung University

APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRALS


6.1 VOLUMES USING CROSS-SECTIONS
6.2 VOLUMES USING CYLINDRICAL SHELLS
6.3 ARC LENGTH
6.4 AREAS OF SURFACES OF REVOLUTION
6.5 WORK
6.6 MOMENTS AND CENTERS OF MASS

6
6.1 Volumes Using Cross-Sections
3

Slicing by Parallel Planes


4
Calculating the Volume of a Solid
5

 A pyramid 3 m high has a square base that is 3 m on a


side. The crosssection of the pyramid perpendicular to
the altitude x m down from the vertex is a square x m on
a side. Find the volume of the pyramid.

EXAMPLE 2
6

 A curved wedge is cut from a circular cylinder of radius


3 by two planes. One plane is perpendicular to the axis
of the cylinder. The second plane crosses the first plane
at a 45° angle at the center of the cylinder. Find the
volume of the wedge.
Solids of Revolution: The Disk Method
7

 The solid generated by rotating (or revolving) a plane


region about an axis in its plane is called a solid of
revolution.

EXAMPLE 4
8

 The region between the curve and the


x-axis is revolved about the x-axis to generate a solid.
Find its volume.
EXAMPLE 5
9

 The circle x2 + y2 = a2 is rotated about the x-axis to


generate a sphere. Find its volume.

EXAMPLE 6
10

 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the


region bounded by and the lines y = 1, x = 4
about the line y = 1.
To find the volume of a solid generated by
revolving a region between the y-axis and a
11 curve x = R(y)

 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the


region between the y-axis and the curve x = 2/y, 1 ≤ y
≤ 4, about the y-axis.

EXAMPLE 8
12

 Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the


region between the parabola x = y2 + 1 and the line x
= 3 about the line x = 3.
Solids of Revolution: The Washer
13
Method

EXAMPLE 9
14

 The region bounded by the curve y = x2 + 1 and the


line y = -x + 3 is revolved about the x-axis to generate
a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
EXAMPLE 10
15

 The region bounded by the parabola y = x2 and the line


y = 2x in the first quadrant is revolved about the y-axis
to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.

6.2 Volumes Using Cylindrical Shells


16

 The region enclosed by the x-axis and the parabola y =


ƒ(x) = 3x – x2 is revolved about the vertical line x = -1
to generate a solid. Find the volume of the solid.
17

The Shell Method


18
19

 The region bounded by the curve the x-axis, and


the line x = 4 is revolved about the y-axis to generate a
solid. Find the volume of the solid.

EXAMPLE 3
20

 The region bounded by the curve the x-axis, and


the line x = 4 is revolved about the x-axis to generate a
solid. Find the volume of the solid by the shell method.
Summary of the Shell Method
21

6.3 Arc Length


22

 Length of a Curve y = ƒ(x)


23

EXAMPLE 1
24

 Find the length of the curve.


EXAMPLE 2
25

 Find the length of the graph of

EXAMPLE 3
26

 Find the length of the curve


Dealing with Discontinuities in dy/dx
27

 Find the length of the curve y = (x/2)2/3 from x = 0 to x


= 2.

The Differential Formula for Arc


28
Length
EXAMPLE 5
29

 Find the arc length function for the curve in Example 2


taking A = (1, 13/12) as the starting point

6.4 Areas of Surfaces of Revolution


30

 Defining Surface Area


 Ifyou revolve a region in the plane that is bounded by the
graph of a function over an interval, it sweeps out a solid of
revolution.
 However, if you revolve only the bounding curve itself, it
does not sweep out any interior volume but rather a surface
that surrounds the solid and forms part of its boundary.
31

32
33

EXAMPLE 1
34

 Find the area of the surface generated by revolving the


curve 1 ≤ x ≤ 2, about the x-axis.
Revolution About the y-Axis
35

 The line segment x = 1 – y, 0 ≤ y ≤ 1,is revolved about


the y-axis to generate the cone. Find its lateral surface
area (which excludes the base area).

6.5 Work (Optional)


36

 Work Done by a Constant Force

 Work Done by a Variable Force Along a Line


6.6 Moments and Centers of Mass
37
(Optional)
 Masses Along a Line

 Masses Distributed over a Plane Region

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