Digital Clock Circuit using 8051 and

DS12C887

In this project, I will show you how to design a simple Digital Clock Circuit
using 8051 and DS12C887 as well as DS1307 RTC Modules.

Introduction

A digital clock displays the time using numbers and it has many
applications like cars, railway stations, houses, offices, etc. in order to
provide accurate time and date. In this type of applications, normally we
use RTC (Real Time Clock) ICs to display the time and date accurately.
The circuit displays the time on LCD. For this clock, we can set the time at
any instant. Here, the clock can work in either 24 hour mode or 12 hour
mode and the RTC chip is configured by programming 8051 controller. 

I will demonstrate two circuits of Digital Clocks using 8051 Microcontroller:

one uses the RTC DS12C887 and the other uses the RTC DS1307.

Circuit Principle

The main principle of both the circuits is the 8051 controller continuously

reads the data from Real time clock IC’s and process it in correct order to
display the time on LCD.

Circuit Diagram Digital Clock Circuit using 8051 and

DS12C887
Circuit Diagram of Digital Clock using RTC DS12C887 and 8051
Microcontroller

Circuit Components

 8051 microcontroller
 Project PCB
 Programming cable
 DC Battery or 12V, 1A adaptor
 DS12C887 RTC IC
 16*2 alphanumeric LCD
 Push buttons – 4
 Slide switches – 3
  2 ceramic capacitors – 33pF
 12 MHz crystal
 Electrolytic capacitor – 10uF, 16V
 Resistor (1/4 watt) – 10k
 Pot – 10k
 5V DC power supply circuit
 Single pin connecting wires
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Circuit Design

The circuit shows you how interface RTC IC to the 8051 controller. Port P0
is used as a data port of Real time clock.  Port P2 of controller is connected
to the data pins of LCD. Pins P1.1, P1.2 and P1.3 of controller are
connected to the RS, RW, EN pins respectively. P1.0 is connected to the
RESET of RTC. Push buttons are connected to the P1.4 and P1.5. These are
used set the time. P1.6 is configured as START pin used to run the clock
with time set by the user. P3.3 is connected to the push button used to call
the set_time function.

DS12C887 Real Time Clock

This IC is used most of the applications to provide accurate time and date.
This IC provides the time in both 12 hour mode and 24 hour mode. This IC
also provides calendar components day, month and year. This RTC uses
internal lithium battery  to keep the time and date updated when power is
failed. This IC has 128 bytes of RAM memory. In these 128 bytes of RAM 14
bytes are used for time, date and registers. Remaining 114 bytes are used
to store general purpose data.
The control registers of RTC are accessible only when the power is applied
from external source. This IC requires more than 4.25V power supply and
the control registers are accessible after 200ms when external power is
supplied.

DS12C887 IC
Pin Description

 MOT: It is a bus type selection pin used to select

between Intel  and Motorolabus types. This pin is connected to VCC
to select Motorola  bus type and connected to GND or unconnected
to select Intel  bus type.
 2, 3: Unused pins
  4 – 11 (AD0 – AD7): These pins are bidirectional address and data
lines of RTC. On these pins address is present in the first portion of
cycle and data is present in the second portion of bus cycle.         
 12 (GND): This pin is connected to Ground.
 13 (CS): This pin must be low to access the chip during read and
write operations.
 14 (AS): The high pulse on this pin is used to demultiplex the data
and address.
 15 (R/W): This pin is used for read or writes operations.
 16: Unused pin
 17 (DS): This is a Data Strobe pin.
 18 (RESET): The low pulse on this pin resets all the flags and
interrupts but it does not affects time and date.
 19 (IRQ): Thisis active low pin used as an interrupt input to the
controller.
 20 – 22: Unused pins
 23 (SQW): Used to generate square wave with predefined
frequencies
 24 (VCC): This pin is connected 5V supply
RTC Address Map

This RTC has 128 bytes of RAM with addresses 00H – 07H. The first ten
locations (00 – 09) are used for clock, calendar and alarm data. 0A – 0D
address locations are used for status and control registers. Remaining
address locations are used to for general data. The following table shows
the address locations for clock, calendar and alarm.
Address Locations for Time, Date and Alarm
This IC has 4 control and status registers namely register A, register B,
Register C, register D. We need to configure all these registers to get the
accurate time and date. In order to configure these registers go through
the DS12C887 Datasheet

Code

#include<reg51.h>
#include<absacc.h>
#define dataport P2
#define port P1
#define lcdport P3
sbit reset = port^0;
sbit rs =port^1;
sbit rw =port^2;
sbit e = port^3;
sbit dig_hr1=port^4;
sbit dig_min1=port^5;
sbit start=port^6;
int min1=0,hr1=0;
int min0=60,hr0=25;
unsigned char temp=60,hr,min,sec,num[60]={0x00,0x01,0x02,
0x03,0x04,0x05,0x06,0x07,0x08,0X09,0X10,0X11,0X12,0X13,
0X14,0X15,0X16,0X17,0X18,0X19,0X20,0X21,0X22,0X23,0X24,
0X25,0X26,0X27,0X28,0X29,0X30,0X31,0X32,0X33,0X34,0X35,
0X36,0X37,0X38,0X39,0X40,0X41,0X42,0X43,0X44,0X45,0X46,
0X47,0X48,0X49,0X50,0X51,0X52,0X53,0X54,0X55,0X56,0X57,
0X58,0X59};
void delay(unsigned int msec )
{
int i ,j ;
for(i=0;i<msec;i++)
for(j=0; j<1275; j++);
}
void lcd_cmd(unsigned char item)
{
dataport = item;
rs= 0;
rw=0;
e=1;
delay(1);
e=0;
return;
}
// function to send data
void lcd_data(unsigned char item)
{
dataport = item;
rs= 1;
rw=0;
e=1;
delay(1);
e=0;
return;
}
void lcd_string(unsigned char *str)
{
int i=0;
while(str[i]!='\0')
{
lcd_data(str[i]);
i++;
delay(1);
}
return;
}
lcd_int(int time_val)
{
 int int_amt;
int_amt=time_val/10;
lcd_data(int_amt+48);
int_amt=time_val%10;
lcd_data(int_amt+48);
}
void lcd()
{
lcd_cmd(0x38);
delay(5);
lcd_cmd(0x0C);
delay(5);

lcd_cmd(0x80)
;
delay(5);
}
void set_rtc_time()
{
XBYTE[10]=0x20;
XBYTE[11]=0x82;
XBYTE[0]=0x00;
XBYTE[2]=min;
XBYTE[4]=hr;
XBYTE[7]=0x01;
XBYTE[8]=0x01;
XBYTE[9]=0x10;
XBYTE[1]=0xFF;
XBYTE[3]=0xFF;
XBYTE[5]=0xFF;
XBYTE[11]=0x22;
}
void set_hr1()
{
hr1++;
if(hr1>23)
hr1=0;
lcd_cmd(0xc3);
lcd_int(hr1);
lcd_data(':');
hr0=hr1;
}
void set_min1()
{
min1++;
if(min1>59)
min1=0;
lcd_cmd(0xc6);
lcd_int(min1);
min0=min1;
}
void set_time() interrupt 2
{
lcd_cmd(0x01);
if(start==0)
{
lcd_string("SET TIMING");
lcd_cmd(0xc3);
lcd_int(hr1);
lcd_data(':');
lcd_int(min1);
while(start==0)
{
delay(10);
if(dig_hr1==0)
set_hr1();
if(dig_min1==0)
set_min1();
}
}
lcd_cmd(0x01);
hr=num[hr1];
min=num[min1];
set_rtc_time();
lcd_cmd(0x80);
lcd_string("TIME:");
hr0=25;
min0=60;
}
bcdconv(unsigned char mybyte)
{
unsigned char x,y;
x= mybyte & 0x0F;
x=x | 0x30;
 y= mybyte & 0xF0;
y=y>>4;
y=y | 0x30;
lcd_data(y);
lcd_data(x);
}
void read_rtc_display()
{
XBYTE[11]=0x02;
hr=XBYTE[4];
lcd_cmd(0x85);
//if(hr!=hr0)
{
bcdconv(hr);

lcd_data(':')
;
hr0=hr;
}
min=XBYTE[2];
//if(min!=min0)
{
bcdconv(min);
lcd_data(':');
//min0=min;
}
sec=XBYTE[0];
//if(sec!=temp)
{
bcdconv(sec);
//temp=sec;
}
}
void main()
{
reset=1;
lcd();
XBYTE[10]=0x20;
XBYTE[1]=0xFF;
XBYTE[3]=0xFF;
XBYTE[5]=0xFF;
XBYTE[11]=0x02;
 lcd_cmd(0x01);
IE=0x84;
lcd_cmd(0x80);
lcd_string("TIME:");
while(1)
{
read_rtc_display();
}
}

Circuit Diagram Digital Clock Circuit using 8051

and DS1307

Components Required

 8051 Microcontroller
 8051 Development Board (Optional)
 8051 Programmer
 DS1307 RTC Module
 11.0592MHz Crystal (for 8051)
  32.768 KHz Crystal (for DS1307 RTC)
 Capacitors – 33pF x 2, 10µF
 Resistors – 1KΩ x 2, 10KΩ x 2, 8 x 1KΩ Pull-up, 10KΩ POT
 3V Lithium Battery
 Push Button
 16×2 LCD Display

Code

#include<reg51.h>

#include<string.h>
#define lcd P3
sbit rs=P2^0;
sbit e=P2^1;
sbit c=P0^0;
sbit d=P0^1;
void delay (int);
void cmd (unsigned char);
void display (unsigned char);
void string (char *);
void init (void);
void i2c_start (void);
void i2c_stop (void);
void i2c_write (unsigned char);
unsigned char i2c_read (void);
void i2c_ack (void);
void i2c_noack (void);
void write (unsigned char, unsigned char, unsigned char);
unsigned char read (unsigned char, unsigned char);
void set_time (unsigned char, unsigned char, unsigned char);
int no[10]={48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57};
unsigned int temp1[3]=0;
void delay (int d)
{
unsigned char i=0;
for(;d>0;d--)
{
for(i=250;i>0;i--);
for(i=248;i>0;i--);
}
}
void cmd (unsigned char c)
{
lcd=c;
rs=0;
e=1;
delay(5);
e=0;
}
void display (unsigned char c)
{
lcd=c;
rs=1;
e=1;
delay(5);
e=0;
}
void string (char *p)
{
while(*p)
{
display(*p++);
}
}
void init (void)
{
cmd(0x38);
cmd(0x0c);
cmd(0x01);
cmd(0x80);
}
void i2c_start (void)
{
c=1;
d=1;
delay(1);
d=0;
delay(1);
}
void i2c_stop (void)
{
c=0;
delay(1);
d=0;
delay(1);
c=1;
delay(1);
d=1;
delay(1);
}
void i2c_write (unsigned char a)
{
char j;
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
{
c=0;
d=(a&0x80>>j)?1:0;
c=1;
}
}
unsigned char i2c_read (void)
{
char j;
unsigned char temp=0;
for(j=0;j<8;j++)
{
c=0;
if(d)
temp=temp|(0x80>>j);
c=1;
}
return temp;
}
void i2c_ack (void)
{
c=0;
delay(1);
d=1;
delay(1);
c=1;
delay(1);
while(d==1);
c=0;
delay(1);
}
void i2c_noack (void)
{
c=0;
delay(1);
d=1;
delay(1);
c=1;
delay(1);
}
void write (unsigned char sa, unsigned char w_addr, unsigned char dat)
{
i2c_start();
i2c_write(sa);
i2c_ack();
i2c_write(w_addr);
i2c_ack();
i2c_write(dat);
i2c_ack();
i2c_stop();
delay(10);
}
unsigned char read (unsigned char sa, unsigned char w_addr)
{
unsigned char buf=0;
i2c_start();
i2c_write(sa);
i2c_ack();
i2c_write(w_addr);
i2c_ack();
i2c_start();
i2c_write(sa|0x01);
i2c_ack();
buf=i2c_read();
i2c_noack();
i2c_stop();
return buf;
}
void set_time (unsigned char hour, unsigned char min, unsigned char sec)
{
unsigned int temp[3];
temp[0]=(((unsigned char)(sec/10))<<4)|((unsigned char)(sec%10));
temp[1]=(((unsigned char)(min/10))<<4)|((unsigned char)(min%10));
temp[2]=(((unsigned char)(hour/10))<<4)|((unsigned char)(hour%10));
write(0xd0,0x00,temp[0]);
write(0xd0,0x01,temp[1]);
write(0xd0,0x02,temp[2]);
}
void main()
{
unsigned char temp=0;
init();
string(" Digital Clock ");
cmd(0xc0);
string(" using 8051 ");
delay(3000);
cmd(0x01);
set_time(12,59,51);
delay(500);
while(1)
{
cmd(0x80);
temp=read(0xd0,0x00);
temp1[0]=((temp&0x7F)>>4)*10 + (temp&0x0F);
temp=read(0xd0,0x01);
temp1[1]=(temp>>4)*10 + (temp&0x0F);
temp=read(0xd0,0x02);
temp1[2]=(temp>>4)*10 + (temp&0x0F);
display(no[(temp1[2]/10)%10]);
 display(no[temp1[2]%10]);
display(':');
display(no[(temp1[1]/10)%10]);
display(no[temp1[1]%10]);
display(':');
display(no[(temp1[0]/10)%10]);
display(no[temp1[0]%10]);
}
while(1);
}

Circuit Applications
 This project is used in offices, houses, hotels and auto mobiles to
display the time and date.
 We can also set the alarm in this project with a little modification.