WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

AND
CLOUD COMPUTING

CHAPTER ONE :
Introduction to Wireless Communication
and Mobile Computing

Prepared By: Seid M.

 INTRODUCTION TO WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:

 The term wireless communication was introduced in the 19th

century and
 Wireless communication technology has developed over the
subsequent years.
 It is one of the most important mediums of transmission of
information from one device to another devices.
 In this technology, the information can be transmitted
through the air without requiring any cable or wires by
using electromagnetic waves like IR, RF, satellite, etc.
 In the present day, wireless communication technology
refers to a variety of wireless communication devices and
technologies ranging from smartphones to computers,
tabs, laptops, Bluetooth technology, printers.
 It become an essential part of various types of wireless communication devices,
that permits the user to communicate even from remote operated areas.
 CONT…
 Communication Systems can be Wired or Wireless and the medium used
for communication can be Guided or Unguided.
 In Wired Communication, the medium is a physical path like Co-axial
Cables, Twisted Pair Cables and Optical Fiber Links etc. which guides the
signal to propagate from one point to other.
 Wireless Communication, doesn’t require any physical medium but
propagates the signal through space.
 If there is no physical medium, then how does wireless
communication transmit signals?
 Antennas are electrical devices that transform the electrical
signals to radio signals in the form of Electromagnetic (EM)
Waves and vice versa.
 These Electromagnetic Waves propagates through space. Hence,
both transmitter and receiver consists of an antenna.
 The antenna acts as a radiator and transmits waves through the air,
just like radio and TV stations.
 Antennas also receive the waves from the air and transport them
to the receiver, which is a radio, TV, or in the case of wireless
networking, a router or an access point.
 CONT…
 One of the medium of
communication
 Transfer of information without
any electrical conductor
 Used for both long & short
distances
 Radio frequency, Infrared light,
Laser light etc. is used.
TYPES OF DEVICES FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Wireless technology describes
electronic devices that
communicate without cords
using radio frequency signals.
 Wireless technology is used in a
variety of modern device to
provide convenience and greater
mobility
 Wireless devices play an important
role in voice and Internet
communications.
Examples:
 Remote controls
 cellular phones
 Modems
 Walky talky
 Satellite phones etc.
 WIRELESS ROUTER:
 isa device that accepts an incoming Internet
connection and sends data as RF signals to
other wireless devices that are near the router.
 used to connect wireless-enabled computers
and other devices to the Internet.
 A network set up with a wireless router is
sometimes called a wireless local area
network (WLAN.).
 Many routers have built-in security features
such as firewalls which help protect devices
connected to the router against malicious
data, such as computer viruses
 WIRELESS ADAPTER
 are hardware devices installed inside computers that
enable wireless connectivity.
 If a computer does not have a wireless adapter, it will not
be able to connect to a router in order to access the Internet.
 Some computers have wireless adapters built directly into
the motherboard while it is also possible to install stand-
alone wireless adapters to add wireless capability to a
computer that did not come with an adapter built in.
Wireless Repeater:
 is a wireless networking device that is used to extend the
range of a router.
 A repeater receives wireless signals and then re-emits
them with increased strength.
 By placing a repeater between a router and the computer
connected to the router, signal strength can be boosted,
resulting in faster connection speeds.
 MOBILE COMPUTING
 Mobile computing is the set of IT technologies, products,
services, and procedures that enable end users to gain access
to computation, information, and related resources have
capabilities with mobile.
 Mobile most commonly refers to access in motion.

 It is unrestricted to a given geographic location.

The importance of Mobile Computing :
 Connectivity: You can stay connected to all sources at all
times.
 Social Engagement: You can interact with a variety of
users via the Internet.
 Personalization: You can arrange your mobile computing to
your individual needs.
 WHY WIRELESS COMMUNICATION?

 The primary and important benefit of wireless

communication is mobility.
 wireless communication also offers flexibility and
ease of use, which makes it increasingly popular day
– by – day.
 Wireless Communication like mobile telephony can
be made anywhere and anytime with a
considerably high throughput performance.
 The setup and installation of infrastructure for wired
communication systems is an expensive and time
consuming job. But
 The infrastructure for wireless communication can be
installed easily and low cost.
 NEED OF WIRELESS
COMMUNICATION
 Communicating with each
other and sharing
information
 For a business deals

 Remote access to medical

records by a paramedic
may save a life
 At the time of disaster
 ADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 The cost of installing wires, cables and other infrastructure is
eliminated in wireless communication.
 Installing wired network in building, digging up the Earth to
lay the cables and running those wires across the streets is
extremely difficult, costly and time consuming job.
 Cost-effectiveness: Since it is easy to install and doesn’t
require cables, the wireless network is relatively cheaper.
 Mobility is the main advantage of wireless communication
system.
 It offers the freedom to move around while still connected to
network.
 Wireless network is easy to carry and re-install in
another place.
 The setup and installation of wireless communication
network’s equipment and infrastructure is very easy.
 Wireless network is easy to expand and setup
 CONT…
 There is no chance of communication failure due to damage of
the cables.
 The loss of communication infrastructure in wireless
communication system can be minimal.
 Freedom from wires: Can be configured with the use of any
physical connection.
 Better to global coverage:

 It provides global reach by providing networking in places

such as rural areas, battlefields, etc… where wiring is not
feasible.
 Flexibility: Wireless network is more flexible and adaptable
compared to a wired network.
DISADVANTAGES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Wireless Communication systems use open space as the medium for
transmitting signals
 There is a huge chance that radio signals from one wireless communication
system or network might interfere with other signals.
 More open to interference.
Example: Bluetooth and Wi-Fi (WLAN). Both these technologies use the
2.4GHz frequency for communication and when both devices are active at the
same time, there is a chance of interference.
 The signals are transmitted in open space, it is possible that an intruder
can intercept the signals and copy sensitive information (it is less
secure).
 Unreliability
 Transmission speed is comparably less.
 It has a limited amount of bandwidth for communication and breaches
of network security.
 Wireless networks require a careful radio frequency when they are
installed.
 Wireless networks are usually inexpensive, but the cost of installation is
very high, setting up a wireless network is very costly.
 TYPES OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
 Types of services:
 Using wireless communication services, we can
transfer data, voice, images, videos, and many
more.
 The services provided by the wireless communication system is a
cellular telephone, Radio, TV, video conferencing, etc.
Some of the important Wireless Communication Systems
available today are:
 Television and Radio Broadcasting
 Satellite Communication
 Mobile Telephone Communication System
 Global Positioning System (GPS)
 Bluetooth
 Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
 Infrared Communication
1. Satellite Communication
 By means of satellites, people all over the earth can
communicate with each other.
 It is widely spread all over the world to allow users to stay
connected almost anywhere on the earth.
 When the signal is sent near the satellite then, the satellite
amplifies the signal and sent it back to the antenna
receiver which is located on the surface of the earth.
2. Broadcast Radio
 The Radio uses a transmitters that is used to transmit or send out
data in the form of radio waves to receiving antenna.
 Radio waves are forms of electromagnetic signals.

 Signals are relatively narrow, and

waves can be sent across various frequencies.
 IT IS OPEN RADIO COMMUNICATION TO SEEK
OUT WIDESPREAD USE.
RADIO WAVES ARE ELECTROMAGNETIC
SIGNALS, THAT ARE TRANSMITTED AND
RECEIVED BY AN ANTENNA
 CONT…
3. Microwave Communication
 Are radio waves that provide high speed signal transmission. and the
wavelengths of radio waves are measured in centimeters.
 data or information can be transfers using satellite
method and terrestrial method.
 In satellite method, the data can be transmitted though a
satellite, that orbit 22,300 miles above the earth.
 In terrestrial method, is a technology that transmits the focused
beam of a radio signal from one ground-based microwave transmission
antenna to another. , ensuring no obstacles to disrupt the line of
sight.
 The frequency range typically 1GHz-300GHz and with a
transmission speed is usually 1Mbps to 10Mbps.
 Disadvantage of microwave signals is, they can be
affected by bad weather, especially rain
 Ex- Telephone, satellite
4. Mobile Communication Systems
 Many users communicate across a single frequency band
through mobile phones.
 Cellular (mobile) and cordless phones are two examples of
devices which make use of wireless signals.
Typically, cell phones have a larger range of networks to
provide a coverage.
 But, Cordless phones have a limited range. Similar to GPS
devices, some phones make use of signals from satellites to
communicate.
5. Infrared Communication
 Short range communication in a closed area using line of sight propagation
 Communicates information in a device or systems through IR
radiation
 Due to short range communications, its considered to be most secured
transmission media
 Example:.Tv remote, car remote, AC remote, wireless speaker
 CONT…
6. Wi-Fi
 It is a low power wireless communication, that is used by
various electronic devices like smartphones, laptops, etc.
 The process of transmission of signals is based on routers that
send information to the wireless network through cables, and
the same happens at the receiver’s end.
 In this setup, a router works as a communication hub
wirelessly. These networks allow users to connect only within
close proximity to a router.
 Wi-Fi is very common in networking applications which affords
portability wirelessly.
 It uses radio waves and works on IEEE standards like
802.11g and 802.11n.
 CONT…
7. Bluetooth Technology
 It is essentially a simple method to send information
across a short distance.
 It permits you to connect various electronic devices wirelessly to a
system for the transferring of data.
 Cell phones are connected to hands-free earphones, mouse, wireless
keyboard.
8. GPS
 In satellite communication, GPS or global positioning system is
a subcategory.
 This kind of system is used to help by providing different
wireless services such as speed, location, navigation,
positioning using satellites, and GPS receivers.
 WIRELESS VS MOBILE
 Wireless refers to the method of transferring
information between a computing device and a data
source without a physical connection.
 Mobile: anything that characterized mobility
(moveable).
 Mobile: used to describe a radio terminal that is attached to a
high speed mobile platform(eg. Cellular telephone in a fast moving
vehicles)
 Portable: describes a radio terminal that can be hand held and
used by someone at walking speed (eg. Walki talki or codrless
telephone inside a home)
Wireless Computing v/s Mobile Computing
 Wireless computing is simply data communication
without the use of a landline.
 Mobile computing refers to computing devices that are not
restricted to a desktop.
 Mobile computing essentially refers to a computing device
that is not always connected to a central network.
 THE HISTORY OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

 The first telegraph was invented (1600 – 1833)

 The invention of the radio from the telegraph (1867-
1896)
 The birth of radio (1897 – 898)

 Transoceanic Communication (1901 –1909)

 Voice over Radio and the First Television

Transmissions (1914 – 1940)
 Commercial Television and the Birth of Mobile
Telephony (1946 – 1976)
 Cellular Mobile Telephony and Steps toward Wireless
Internet (1979 – 1994)
 The Wireless Data Era (1997 – 2009)

 PCS (1995-2008)
 LIST OF APPLICATIONS

1. Vehicles
 For remote areas, satellite communication can be used,
while the current position of the car is determined via
the GPS (Global Positioning System).
 A local ad-hoc network for the fast exchange of
information (information such as distance between two
vehicles, traffic information, road conditions) in
emergency situations
2. In Office
 Wi-Fi wireless technology saves businesses or companies
amount of money on installations costs.
 There is no need to physically setup wires throughout an office
building, warehouse or store.
 Bluetooth is also a wireless technology especially used for
short range that acts as a complement to Wi-Fi.
 It is used to transfer data between computers or cellphones.
 CONT…
3. Emergencies
early transmission of patient data to the hospital,
current status, first diagnosis
replacement of a fixed infrastructure in case of
earthquakes, hurricanes, fire etc.
4. Crisis, war, ...