Scribd
Upload
106 views11 pages

Lec01 Process Design of Pipe Process Equipment Design Chemical Engineering

This document discusses the process design of piping, pumps, and fluid moving devices. It covers how to calculate the optimum pipe diameter and pressure drop in pipe systems. Key factors discussed include pipe size selection based on balancing capital and operating costs, pressure drop calculations, standard pipe sizing, and pressure losses from fittings and valves. The document also discusses pump design considerations like net positive suction head to avoid cavitation, pump capacity and total dynamic head. Power requirements for pumps and other fluid moving devices are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

Luis Enrique Flores Valenzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
106 views11 pages

Lec01 Process Design of Pipe Process Equipment Design Chemical Engineering

This document discusses the process design of piping, pumps, and fluid moving devices. It covers how to calculate the optimum pipe diameter and pressure drop in pipe systems. Key factors discussed include pipe size selection based on balancing capital and operating costs, pressure drop calculations, standard pipe sizing, and pressure losses from fittings and valves. The document also discusses pump design considerations like net positive suction head to avoid cavitation, pump capacity and total dynamic head. Power requirements for pumps and other fluid moving devices are also covered at a high level.

Uploaded by

Luis Enrique Flores Valenzuela
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

PROCESS DESIGN OF PIPING AND PUMPS

Process design of piping: this part is to understand how to calculate the optimum diameter of pipes and how

calculate the pressure drop of pipe systems.

 Pipes are generally used to transport fluid from one place to other in many engineering branches.
 Process design of pipe is finding the correct balance between size or diameter of pipe and pressure drop
in the pipe.
 For given flow rate if large size of pipe is selected then it gives lesser pressure drop.
F
P=
A
If A increase, then P decrease. So, the greater diameter has a pipe the pressure drop will be lesser.
But this have a second consequence, while the dimeter of a pipe increases, it will become costly.
 For given flow rate if large size of pipe is selected then it gives lesser pressure drop.
 Larger size of pipe increases the fixed of pipe and lesser pressure drop means lesser power consumption
or lesser operating cost.
 Ideally pipe size which gives the sum of capital cost and operating cost minimums should be selected.

 Pipe size at which operating and fixed cost are minimum is considered as optimum pipe size.
 For carbon steel pipe and turbulent flow of an incompressible fluid is
 In order to estimate the pressure-drop we have to initially assume some velocity or “recommended fluid
velocity”.

 We calculate de pressure drop in pipe, as following

This last equation is commonly used to estimate or design our pipes.


 First step: estimate a velocity, then determining pipe diameter and, then we must use the last equation
to calculate the pressure drop.
 Fanning friction factor is also important to calculate the pressure drop. It is a function of Reynolds
number and roughness of inside surface.

 for turbulent flow in commercial steel pipe fanning friction factor is

STANDARD PIPES

 standard pipes are specified in three different diameter


- inside diameter
- outside dimeter
- nominal diameter
 for standard pipes having diameter more than 300 mm nominal diameters are equal to the actual outside
diameter
 the wall thickness of standard pipe is indicated by the schedule number
 thickness of standard pipe increases with the increase in schedule number
 standard pipes are available from 3 mm to mm size.

Pressure drop in fittings and valves

 piping system generally contains different fittings and valves. These fittings and valves offer additional
drop and fraction loss.
 It can be expressed either as equivalent straight pipe length (Le) or as velocity head (K).
Equivalent straight pipe length (Le)
- Equivalent length of a valve or of a fitting is the length of straight pipe of same size creating
the same friction loss as the fitting or the valve in consideration
- Often, Le is expressed in terms of inside diameter of pipe as Le/Di
Velocity head (K)
- Number of velocity head lost in pipe for valves and fitting is defines as
Process design of fluid moving devices

Process design of pump


Pump is a device used in flows system of liquid to increase the mechanical energy of the flowing liquid
 Capacity of pump: flow rate (qv) of fluid created by the pump-m3/L or L/s.
 Total dynamic head: (H) of a pump is the difference between total discharge head hd and total suction
head hs

Total discharge head


Total suction head
Cavitation

Cause by very low inlet pressure and pump high speed


the problem is no that liquid convert to bubble vapor, the problem appears in the impeller of the pump when the
pressure increase and make to collapse the bubbles.

 When pressure is very low in pump liquid converts into bubble in the suction line eventually these
bubbles collapse inside the casing of the pump when pressure is exerted on them by the impeller of the
pump.
 Such collapse of bubbles can cause severe damage to the pump. This phenomenon is called as
cavitation.
To avoid cavitation, we must make the following statement.

This difference showed above is known-well as Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH)
NET POSITIVE SUCTION HEAD (NPSH)

 It is the excess of sum of velocity head and pressure head in suction line over the vapor pressure head of
liquid.
(NPSH) available
- The absolute pressure available at the suction section of the pump

(NPSH) required
- Is the minimum pressure required at the suction section of the pump to avoid pump
cavitation.
- Theoretically (NPSH)A should be greater than zero
-

Recommendation for NPSH

 As per general guidelines (NPSH)A should be preferably be above 3 m for pump capacity up to 100
m3/h.
If we want to increase (NPSH)A, a something that we can do is to lift the tank and on that way hs also increase
and as consequence, (NPSH)A increase. Other recommendations are:
 Change the location of the pump to improve (NPSH)A that mean increase the suction head.
 Vapor pressure is lower with cold liquid. Hence, by providing cooling jacket in suction line to decrease
the vapor pressure and increase the (NPSH)A
 Reduce the operation speed of the pump, thereby specific speed of the pump is reduced and its (NPSH)R
is also reduce.
Power required for pumping
Lec-06 | Power Required in Fan, Blower &Compressor | Process Equipment Design | Chemical

Engineering

You might also like