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Class 11 Local Government Notes

Local government refers to governance at the village and district level that deals with everyday issues of local citizens. It aims to ensure meaningful citizen participation in administration and addresses development needs through cooperation of local residents. Key reforms included establishing village councils under British rule in India and strong advocacy by Gandhi for decentralizing power. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments mandated the creation of rural and urban local bodies to manage local affairs through elected representatives and address local needs and aspirations. However, local bodies remain dependent on state and central governments for financial support, limiting their autonomy and effectiveness.

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3K views2 pages

Class 11 Local Government Notes

Local government refers to governance at the village and district level that deals with everyday issues of local citizens. It aims to ensure meaningful citizen participation in administration and addresses development needs through cooperation of local residents. Key reforms included establishing village councils under British rule in India and strong advocacy by Gandhi for decentralizing power. The 73rd and 74th Constitutional amendments mandated the creation of rural and urban local bodies to manage local affairs through elected representatives and address local needs and aspirations. However, local bodies remain dependent on state and central governments for financial support, limiting their autonomy and effectiveness.

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Pulkit Paliwal
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Class 11.

Ch 6 Political Science

Local Government (Notes)

• Local government is the government at the village and district level involving the day-to-day life
and problems of ordinary citizens.

• Local government ensures people's participation in the meaningful manner to run the
administration.

• The development at any place can be done through the cooperation of the people living at that
particular place only.

• Earlier the self-governing village communities existed in the form of 'Sabhas' (Village
assemblies) and later on it was converted into 'Village Panchayat (an assembly of five members)

• Under the Government of India Act 1979, Village Panchayats were established in a number of
provinces and continued after the Government of India Act, 1935.

• During India's freedom movement, Mahatma Gandhi strongly pleaded for decentralization of
economic and political power to ensure local involvement to be successful.

• The Central or State Governments cannot tackle the problems faced by people in such a large
country, hence the involvement of local authorities was felt to sort out the local problems known
as local self-government.

• Local self-government manages the local affairs by the representatives who knows the best
about local needs and aspiration of people.

• In the big cities of India like Delhi, Mumbai, the Municipal Corporation look after the interests
of the people and in small cities, Municipal Committees look after the interest of the people.

• In 1882, the Viceroy of India, Lord Ripon, created the local boards in the form of local
government.

• In 1992, the 73rd and 74th constitutional amendments were passed by the parliament.

• The 73rd amendment is about rural local governments known as Panchayati Raj institutions, it
demarcated the levels of Panchayati Raj in Gram Panchayat the base, Iviandal (Block)
intermediary and the Zila Panchayat apex.

• The 73rd amendment included the three tier structure (mentioned above), elections at every
regular interval of five years, reservations for SC's, ST's and OBC's and 29 subjects from state
list in eleventh schedule of constitution were transferred to Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRI).

• The 74th Amendment dealt with the Urban local bodies or Nagarpalikas. This is a repetition of
the 73rd amendment except that it applies to the Urban areas only.
• Sometimes, the formation of the local bodies is criticized on the ground not to change the way
in which decisions are taken at the central and state level and the people at the local level do
not enjoy much power of choosing allocation of resources.

• The dependence of local bodies on the state governments and Central Government for
financial support has greatly eroded their capacity to operate effectively.

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