AIR CONDITIONING REVISION QUESTIONS

1.

A room is to be maintained at 25oc and 50% percentage saturation, when the out door conditions are 35oc and 60% percentage saturation. A percentage of room air is first mixed with fresh air in the ratio of 3:1 then passed to a central air conditioning plant consisting of a cooler battery, heater battery and a fan in that order. Another percentage of room air is drawn and mixed with air from the cooler battery in a ratio of 1:4, the remainder of room air being exhausted to atmosphere. The air entering the room is at 21 oc, air temperature rise in the fan and duct work is 1K, the leaving the cooler battery before second mixing is 8oc and the apparatus dew point is 3.5oc. Mixing may be assumed to be adiabatic throughout. (i) Draw the plant layout and number the points appropriately. (ii) Determine

(I)

the quantity of fresh air required for 460 kg/min of air supply to the room

(II) cooler battery load (III) heater battery load (IV) (V) cooler battery by-pass factor sensible and latent heat gains in the room

(KNEC 2005 HDIP)

2.

A room is to be maintained at 24 oc db and 50% relative humidity when the outside conditions are 35oc db and 70% saturation. The sensible and latent heat gains are 12kw and 3kw respectively. The plant consists of a cooler battery, a re-heater battery and a fan. Fresh air is supplied to a mixing chamber where it mixes with recirculated air with a ratio of 1:2 by mass. The air entering the room is at 21oc. The cooler apparatus dew point is 10oc (a) Draw the sketches of the plant and the psychrometric diagrams. (b) Determine the: (i) (ii) (iii) Cooler by-pass factor Cooler battery load Re-heater battery load

(KNEC 1999 DIP) A room is to be maintained at 18oc db, 50% relative humidity when the outside conditions are 30oc db and 80% saturation. The conditioned air is supplied through ducts from a central air-conditioning unit consisting of a cooler, a re-heater and a fan. Fresh air is supplied to a mixing chamber where it mixes with a certain percentage of recirculated air from the room. The air leaving the reheater is at 12.5oc dry bulb while the apparatus dew point is 1.5oc. The air leaving the cooler is at 7oc. the sensible heat gains and latent heat gains are 4.4kw and 2kw respectively. (a) Draw the sketches of the plant and the psychrometric diagrams. (b) Determine

3.

(i)

The mass of recirculated air to the mass of air supplied to the room.

(ii)

Cooler battery load

(iii) Re-heater battery load

(KNEC 2003 DIP) 4. A room is to be maintained at 20oc dry bulb, 50% saturation when the outside conditions are 30oc and 80% saturation. The sensible and latent heat gains are 5kw and 2kw respectively. The conditioned air is supplied through ducts from a central station consisting of a cooler battery, reheat battery and a fan. Fresh air is supplied to a mixing chamber where it mixes with a certain percentage of air recirculated from the room, while the remainder of the room air is expelled to the atmosphere. The air entering the room is at 14 oc and that entering the reheat battery at 9.5oc. The apparatus dew point of the cooler is 2oc. Determine: (i) The ratio of the mass flow of recirculated air to the mass rate of air supplied to the room (ii) The cooler battery load

(iii) The re-heater battery load (iv) The cooler by- pass factor

Draw a sketch of the plant and psychrometric diagrams

(KNEC 2004 HDIP)

5.

Water from a condensing plant is cooled in a forceddraught cooling tower. The draught produced by a fan absorbing 4kw as it induces an air flow of 110m3/min at

atmospheric conditions of 0.98 bar, 17oc and relative humidity of 60%. The air leaves the tower dry saturated and at a temperature of 40oc. If the temperature of the water entering the tower is 75oc and the rate of water flow from the tower is 80 kg/min, sketch the tower and determine: (a) (b) The rate flow of water entering the tower The temperature of water leaving the tower (KNEC 2000 HDIP)

6.

Air enters the base of a natural draught cooling tower at the rate of 1200 m3/min with a pressure of 1 bar, temperature of 21 oc and relative humidity of 58%. The water enters the tower at 40oc and leaves at 25oc. If the air leaves the tower at 36oc in a saturated condition, determine: (i) The mass flow of water entering the tower

(ii) The percentage loss of water by evaporation. (KNEC 1999 HDIP)

7. Air enters a natural draught cooling tower at 1.013bar and 13oc and relative humidity 50%. Water at 60oc from turbine condenser is sprayed into the tower at the rate of 22.5 kg/s and leaves at 27oc. The air leaves the tower at 38oc, 1.013 bar and is saturated. Calculate the: (a) (b) Air flow required in m3/s Make-up water required in kg/s

8. (a) (i)

with the aid of a psychrometric diagram, describe how a cooling with dehumidification is achieved in an air-conditioning system.

(ii)

Derive the expression for humidity ratio in terms of the total pressure of moist air and partial pressure of vapor.

(b)

A room is to be maintained at 20oc dry bulb, 50% saturation when the outside conditions are 30oc, 80% saturation. The sensible and latent heat gains are 5kw and 2kw respectively. The conditioned air is supplied through ducts from a central station consisting of a cooler battery, reheat battery and a fan. Fresh air is supplied to a mixing chamber where it mixes with a certain percentage of air recirculated from the room, while the remainder of the room air is expelled to the atmosphere. The air entering the room is at 14oc and that entering the reheat battery at 9.5oc. The apparatus dew point of the cooler is 2oc. Determine: (i) The ratio of the mass flow of recirculated air to the mass of the air supplied to the room. (ii) (iii) (iv) The cooler battery load. The reheater battery load. The cooler by-pass factor.

Draw a sketch of the plant and psychrometric diagrams. (KNEC 2004 HDIP) 9. A board room is to be maintained at 25oc dry bulb and 50% relative humidity. The outside conditions are 32oc dry bulb, 70% saturation. The sensible and latent heat gains are 15kw and 5kw respectively. Fresh air is supplied to a mixing chamber where it mixes with re-circulated air in a ratio of 1:2 by mass. The air entering the room is at 21oc dry bulb. 5

The plant consists of a cooler battery having a contact factor of 0.8, a re-heater battery and a fan.

(a) (b)

Draw the plant and the psychrometric diagrams. Determine: (i) (ii) (iii) Dew point temperature of the cooler. Cooler battery load. Re-heater battery load. (KNEC 2003 HDIP)

10.

(a)

show that the percentage saturation, , of moist air is

given by the expression:

pg 1 p = ps 1 p
Where = relative humidity of moist air.
p = atmospheric pressure.

p g = partial pressure of water vapor when

saturated p s = partial pressure of water vapor. (b) In a central air-conditioning system, air at 40oc and percentage saturation 40% is drawn into a building. It is required to maintain the building at 33oc and percentage saturation 30oc. The total heat load is 24kw, and the latent heat load is 9.6kw. The conditioned air is supplied through ducts from a system consisting of a mixing box, a cooler battery, a heater battery and a fan. The supply air contains 30% outside air by mass and is at 25oc. The air temperature

rise in the fan and duct work is 1K and the apparatus dew point of the cooler is 5oc.

(i)

Sketch the plant layout

(ii) Assuming the pressure remains constant throughout at 1.01325bar. Determine: I the mass flow rate of the supply air.

II the cooler battery load III the heater battery load IV the contact factor of the cooler. (KNEC 2007 HDIP)