Controlling
Controlling
Controlling is one of the important functions of a manager. In order to seek planned results from
the subordinates, a manager needs to exercise effective control over the activities of the
subordinates. In other words, the meaning of controlling function can be defined as ensuring that
activities in an organization are performed as per the plans. Controlling also ensures that an
organization’s resources are being used effectively & efficiently for the achievement of
predetermined goals.
Managers at all levels of management Top, Middle & Lower – need to perform controlling
function to keep control over activities in their areas. Therefore, controlling is very much
important in an educational institution, military, hospital, & a club as in any business
organization.
Therefore, controlling function should not be misunderstood as the last function of management.
It is a function that brings back the management cycle back to the planning function. Thus, the
controlling function act as a tool that helps in finding out that how actual performance deviates
from standards and also finds the cause of deviations & attempts which are necessary to take
corrective actions based upon the same.
This process helps in the formulation of future plans in light of the problems that were identified
&, thus, helps in better planning in the future periods. So from the meaning of controlling we
understand it not only completes the management process but also improves planning in the next
cycle.
Importance of Controlling
After the meaning of control, let us see its importance. Control is an indispensable function of
management without which the controlling function in an organization cannot be accomplished
and the best of plans which can be executed can go away. A good control system helps an
organization in the following ways:
1. Accomplishing Organizational Goals
The controlling function is an accomplishment of measures that further makes progress towards
the organizational goals & brings to light the deviations, & indicates corrective action. Therefore
it helps in guiding the organizational goals which can be achieved by performing a controlling
function.
2. Judging Accuracy of Standards
A good control system enables management to verify whether the standards set are accurate &
objective. The efficient control system also helps in keeping careful and progress check on the
changes which help in taking the major place in the organization & in the environment and also
helps to review & revise the standards in light of such changes.
3. Making efficient use of Resources
Another important function of controlling is that in this, each activity is performed in such
manner so an in accordance with predetermined standards & norms so as to ensure that the
resources are used in the most effective & efficient manner for the further availability of
resources.
4. Improving Employee Motivation
Another important function is that controlling help in accommodating a good control system
which ensures that each employee knows well in advance what they expect & what are the
standards of performance on the basis of which they will be appraised. Therefore it helps in
motivating and increasing their potential so to make them & helps them to give better
performance.
5. Ensuring Order & Discipline
Controlling creates an atmosphere of order & discipline in the organization which helps to
minimize dishonest behavior on the part of the employees. It keeps a close check on the activities
of employees and the company can be able to track and find out the dishonest employees by
using computer monitoring as a part of their control system.
6. Facilitating Coordination in Action
The last important function of controlling is that each department & employee is governed by
such pre-determined standards and goals which are well versed and coordinated with one
another. This ensures that overall organizational objectives are accomplished in an overall
manner.
Features of Controlling
• An effective control system has the following features:
• It helps in achieving organizational goals.
• Facilitates optimum utilization of resources.
• It evaluates the accuracy of the standard.
• It also sets discipline and order.
• Motivates the employees and boosts employee morale.
• Ensures future planning by revising standards.
• Improves overall performance of an organization.
• It also minimizes errors.
Controlling and planning are interrelated for controlling gives an important input into the next
planning cycle. Controlling is a backwards-looking function which brings the management cycle
back to the planning function. Planning is a forward-looking process as it deals with the forecasts
about the future conditions.
Process of Controlling
Control process involves the following steps as shown in the figure:
• Establishing standards: This means setting up of the target which needs to be achieved to
meet organisational goals eventually. Standards indicate the criteria of performance.
Control standards are categorized as quantitative and qualitative standards. Quantitative
standards are expressed in terms of money. Qualitative standards, on the other hand, includes
intangible items.
• Measurement of actual performance: The actual performance of the employee is
measured against the target. With the increasing levels of management, the measurement of
performance becomes difficult.
• Comparison of actual performance with the standard: This compares the degree of
difference between the actual performance and the standard.
• Taking corrective actions: It is initiated by the manager who corrects any defects in actual
performance.
Controlling process thus regulates companies’ activities so that actual performance conforms to
the standard plan. An effective control system enables managers to avoid circumstances which
cause the company’s loss.
Types of control
There are three types of control viz.,
1. Feedback Control: This process involves collecting information about a finished task,
assessing that information and improvising the same type of tasks in the future.
2. Concurrent control: It is also called real-time control. It checks any problem and
examines it to take action before any loss is incurred. Example: control chart.
3. Predictive/ feedforward control: This type of control helps to foresee problem ahead of
occurrence. Therefore action can be taken before such a circumstance arises.
In an ever-changing and complex environment, controlling forms an integral part of the
organization.
नियन्त्रण
व्यवस्थापनको शीर्ष, मध्य र तल्लो तहका प्रबन्धकहरूले आफ्नो क्षेत्रका गतिविधिहरूमा नियन्त्रण
राख्न नियन्त्रण कार्य गर्न आवश्यक छ। तसर्थ, कुनै पनि व्यापार संगठनमा जस्तै शैक्षिक संस्था,
सेना, अस्पताल र क्लबमा नियन्त्रण धेरै महत्त्वपूर्ण छ।
तसर्थ, नियन्त्रण कार्यलाई व्यवस्थापनको अन्तिम कार्यको रूपमा गलत बुझ्नु हुँदैन। यो एक
प्रकार्य हो जसले व्यवस्थापन चक्रलाई योजना प्रकार्यमा फिर्ता ल्याउँ छ। तसर्थ, नियन्त्रक प्रकार्यले
एक उपकरणको रूपमा कार्य गर्दछ जसले वास्तविक कार्यसम्पादन मापदण्डबाट कसरी विचलित
हुन्छ भनेर पत्ता लगाउन मद्दत गर्दछ र त्यसको आधारमा सुधारात्मक कार्यहरू गर्न आवश्यक
पर्ने विचलन र प्रयासहरूको कारण पनि फेला पार्छ ।
यस प्रक्रियाले पहिचान गरिएका समस्याहरूको प्रकाशमा भविष्यका योजनाहरू तर्जुमा गर्न मद्दत
गर्दछ र यसरी, भविष्यको अवधिमा राम्रो योजना बनाउन मद्दत गर्दछ। त्यसैले नियन्त्रणको
अर्थबाट हामी बुझ्छौं कि यसले व्यवस्थापन प्रक्रिया मात्र पूरा गर्दैन तर अर्को चक्रमा योजनालाई
पनि सुधार गर्छ ।
नियन्त्रणको महत्व
नियन्त्रणको अर्थ पछि, यसको महत्त्व हे रौं। नियन्त्रण व्यवस्थापनको एक अपरिहार्य कार्य हो
जसको बिना संगठनमा नियन्त्रण कार्य पूरा गर्न सकिदै न र कार्यान्वयन गर्न सकिने उत्कृष्ट
योजनाहरू टाढा जान सक्छन ्। एक राम्रो नियन्त्रण प्रणालीले निम्न तरिकाहरूमा संगठनलाई
मद्दत गर्दछ:
नियन्त्रणको अर्को महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य भनेको यसमा, प्रत्येक गतिविधिलाई पूर्वनिर्धारित मापदण्ड र
मापदण्डहरू बमोजिम यसरी गरिन्छ कि स्रोतहरूको थप उपलब्धताको लागि स्रोतहरू सबैभन्दा
प्रभावकारी र प्रभावकारी रूपमा प्रयोग गरिन्छ।
अर्को महत्त्वपर्ण
ू कार्य भनेको राम्रो नियन्त्रण प्रणाली समायोजन गर्न मद्दत गर्दछ जसले
सुनिश्चित गर्दछ कि प्रत्येक कर्मचारीलाई उनीहरूले के अपेक्षा गर्छ न ् र प्रदर्शनका मापदण्डहरू के
हुन ् जसको आधारमा उनीहरूलाई मूल्याङ्कन गरिनेछ। त्यसकारण यसले उनीहरूको क्षमतालाई
उत्प्रेरित गर्न र बढाउन मद्दत गर्दछ ताकि उनीहरूलाई बनाउन र राम्रो प्रदर्शन दिन मद्दत गर्दछ।
5. आदे श र अनश
ु ासन सुनिश्चित गर्दै
नियन्त्रण को विशेषताहरु
• यसले त्रटि
ु हरूलाई पनि कम गर्छ ।
नियन्त्रण प्रक्रिया
नियन्त्रणका प्रकारहरू
2. समवर्ती नियन्त्रण: यसलाई वास्तविक समय नियन्त्रण पनि भनिन्छ। यसले कुनै पनि
समस्याको जाँच गर्दछ र कुनै पनि क्षति हुनु अघि कारबाही गर्नको लागि जाँच गर्दछ। उदाहरण:
नियन्त्रण चार्ट।