Information Technology Lab Report

Session: 2020-21

Submitted To:
Mr. Dharamendra Mittal
Submitted By:
Gracy Sirohi
Class - 9th (B)

Acknowledgement
It is my great privilege to express my gratitude indebtedness to all
those who were instrumental and helpful to me in preparation of my
lab report.

I am very much indebted to Mr. Dharamendra Mittal for their

valuable time and providing me useful guidance, suggestions, advice
and comments on the report.

I pay many-many thanks to God for his blessings.

Gracy Sirohi
Class – 9th (B)

Certificate
This is to certify that Gracy Sirohi, the student of Class - 9th (B) has
successfully completed their Lab Report under the supervision and
guidance of Mr. Dharamendra Mittal.

This report is a bonafide record of the work done by them.

Mr. Dharamendra Mittal

TGT (Computer Science)
Sophia Public School,
Raya (Mathura)

Chart
A chart is a tool which can be used in MS Excel to communicate data
graphically. Charts allow our audience to see the meaning behind the
numbers, and show comparisons and trends much easier.
Excel workbooks can contain a lot of data, and this data can often be difficult
to interpret. For example, where are the highest and lowest values? Are the
numbers increasing or decreasing?
The answers to questions like these can become much clearer when data is
represented as a chart.

Insert a Column Chart in Excel

Column Charts are useful to visually compare values across a few categories
or for showing data changes over a period of time.
A Column Chart typically displays the categories along the horizontal
(category) axis and the values along the vertical (value) axis.
Follow the steps given to insert a column chart.
Step 1 − Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
Step 2 − Select the data.
Step 3 − On the INSERT tab, in the Charts group, click the Column chart
icon on the Ribbon.

There are different options available for Column Charts.

A Column Chart has the following sub-types −
 2-D Column Charts
 a) Clustered Column b) Stacked Column
c) 100% Stacked Column
 3-D Column Charts
a) 3-D Clustered Column b) 3-D Stacked Column
c) 3-D 100% Stacked Column d) 3-D Column

Step 4 − Point your mouse on each of the icons. You will see a preview of
the chart type.

Step 5 − Double-click the chart type that suits your data.

Insert a Line Chart in Excel

Line charts can show continuous data over time on an evenly scaled Axis.
Therefore, they are ideal for showing trends in data at equal intervals, such
as days, months, quarters or years.
In a Line chart −
 Category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis.

 Value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis.

Follow the steps given below to insert a Line chart in your worksheet.
Step 1 − Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
Step 2 − Select the data.
Step 3 − On the INSERT tab, in the Charts group, click the Line chart icon
on the Ribbon.

There are different options available in Line charts.

A Line chart has the following sub-types −
 2-D Line charts

a) Line b) 100% Stacked Line

c) Line with Markers d) Stacked Line with Markers
e) 100% Stacked Line with Markers
 3-D Line charts

a) 3-D Line
Step 4 − Point your mouse on each of the icons. A preview of that line type
will be shown on the worksheet.

Step 5 − Double-click the chart type that suits your data.
 Insert a Area Chart in Excel
Area charts can be used to plot change over time (years, months and days)
or categories and draw attention to the total value across a trend. By
showing the sum of the plotted values, an Area chart also shows the
relationship of parts to a whole.
You can use Area charts to highlight the magnitude of change over time.
Step 1 − Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
Step 2 − Select the data.
Step 3 − On the INSERT tab, in the Charts group, click the Area chart icon
on the Ribbon.

You will see the different types of available Area charts.

An Area Chart has the following sub-types −
 2-D Area Charts

o Area

o Stacked Area

o 100% Stacked Area

 3-D Area Charts

o 3-D Area

o 3-D Stacked Area

o 3-D 100% Stacked Area

Step 4 − Point your mouse on each of the icons. A preview of that chart type
will be shown on the worksheet.

Step 5 − Double-Click the chart type that suits your data. In this chapter, you
will understand when each of the Area Chart Types is useful.
Pie charts show the size of the items in one data series, proportional to the
sum of the items. The data points in a Pie chart are shown as a percentage of
the whole Pie.
Follow the steps given below to insert a pie chart in your worksheet.
Step 1 − Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.
Step 2 − Select the data.
Step 3 − On the INSERT tab, in the Charts group, click the Pie chart icon
on the Ribbon.
There are different types available of Pie chart.
A Pie chart has the following sub-types −
 2-D Pie Charts

o Pie

o Pie of Pie

o Bar of Pie

 3-D Pie Charts

o 3-D Pie

Image – 8

Step 4 − Point your mouse on each of the icons. A preview of that chart type
will be displayed on the worksheet.

Image – 9

Consider using a Pie chart when −

 You have only one data series.
  None of the values in your data are negative.
 Almost none of the values in your data are zero values.
 You have no more than seven categories, all of which represent parts
of the whole pie.

Excel offers many chart types but here we show only some types of
charts.
1. Column Chart:- A Column Chart typically displays the categories
along the horizontal (category) axis and values along the vertical (value)
axis.

2. Line Chart:- Line charts can show continuous data over time on an
evenly scaled Axis. Therefore, they are ideal for showing trends in data
at equal intervals, such as months, quarters or years.
In a Line chart −
 Category data is distributed evenly along the horizontal axis.

 Value data is distributed evenly along the vertical axis.

3. Pie Chart:- Pie charts show the size of items in one data series,
proportional to the sum of the items. The data points in a pie chart are
shown as a percentage of the whole pie. To create a Pie Chart, arrange
the data in one column or row on the worksheet.

4. Bar Chart:- Bar Charts illustrate comparisons among individual

items. In a Bar Chart, the categories are organized along the vertical axis
and the values are organized along the horizontal axis.

Line Chart
Pie Chart
Area Chart
Area Charts can be used to plot the change over time and draw attention
to the total value across a trend. By showing the sum of the plotted
values, an area chart also shows the relationship of parts to a whole. To
create an Area Chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the
worksheet.
An Area Chart has the following sub-types −
 Area

 Stacked Area

 100% Stacked Area

 3-D Area

 3-D Stacked Area

 3-D 100% Stacked Area

XY (Scatter) Chart
XY (Scatter) charts are typically used for showing and comparing
numeric values, like scientific, statistical, and engineering data.
A Scatter chart has two Value Axes −
 Horizontal (x) Value Axis

 Vertical (y) Value Axis

It combines x and y values into single data points and displays them in
irregular intervals, or clusters. To create a Scatter chart, arrange the data
in columns and rows on the worksheet.
Place the x values in one row or column, and then enter the
corresponding y values in the adjacent rows or columns.
Consider using a Scatter chart when −
 You want to change the scale of the horizontal axis.

 You want to make that axis a logarithmic scale.

 Values for horizontal axis are not evenly spaced.

 There are many data points on the horizontal axis.

  You want to adjust the independent axis scales of a scatter chart to
reveal more information about data that includes pairs or grouped
sets of values.
 You want to show similarities between large sets of data instead of

differences between data points.

 You want to compare many data points regardless of the time.

o The more data that you include in a scatter chart, the better

the comparisons you can make.

A Scatter chart has the following sub-types −
 Scatter

 Scatter with Smooth Lines and Markers

 Scatter with Smooth Lines

 Scatter with Straight Lines and Markers

 Scatter with Straight Lines

Bubble Chart
A Bubble chart is like a Scatter chart with an additional third column to
specify the size of the bubbles it shows to represent the data points in
the data series.
A Bubble chart has the following sub-types −
 Bubble

 Bubble with 3-D effect

Stock Chart
As the name implies, Stock charts can show fluctuations in stock prices.
However, a Stock chart can also be used to show fluctuations in other
data, such as daily rainfall or annual temperatures.
To create a Stock chart, arrange the data in columns or rows in a
specific order on the worksheet. For example, to create a simple high-
low-close Stock chart, arrange your data with High, Low, and Close
entered as Column headings, in that order.
A Stock chart has the following sub-types −
 High-Low-Close
  Open-High-Low-Close
 Volume-High-Low-Close

 Volume-Open-High-Low-Close

Surface Chart
A Surface chart is useful when you want to find the optimum
combinations between two sets of data. As in a topographic map, colors
and patterns indicate areas that are in the same range of values.
To create a Surface chart −
 Ensure that both the categories and the data series are numeric

values.
 Arrange the data in columns or rows on the worksheet.

A Surface chart has the following sub-types −

 3-D Surface

 Wireframe 3-D Surface

 Contour

 Wireframe Contour

Radar Chart
Radar charts compare the aggregate values of several data series. To
create a Radar chart, arrange the data in columns or rows on the
worksheet.
A Radar chart has the following sub-types −
 Radar

 Radar with Markers

 Filled Radar

Combo Chart
Combo charts combine two or more chart types to make the data easy
to understand, especially when the data is widely varied. It is shown
with a secondary axis and is even easier to read. To create a Combo
chart, arrange the data in columns and rows on the worksheet.
A Combo chart has the following sub-types −
 Clustered Column – Line
 Clustered Column – Line on Secondary Axis
 Stacked Area – Clustered Column
 Custom Combination