Appendix A. Table A.2
Appendix A. Table A.2
POLYMERS 1–109
These polymers are listed in Reference 1 with suppliers. This report from the Scandinavian Paint
and Printing Ink Research Institute updates an earlier one from 1982. The institute no longer exists.
See also Reference 2.
POLYMER 110
This is an intermediate value for the permeation of chemicals through Challenge® materials [3].
See also Table 13.1 and Figure 13.2. Improved values are found below in 141 and 142. This
correlation was based on few data to help locate additional solvents for testing. Results from tests
with these then resulted in the correlations below.
POLYMERS 111–112
These are correlations of true solubilities for the DOW epoxy Novolacs 438 and 444.
POLYMERS 113–114
These are correlations of the chemical resistance of coatings based on inorganic zinc silicate and
a two component epoxy produced by Hempel’s Marine Paints. Data taken from resistance tables.
POLYMER 115
The data are solubilities determined for PVDF with the correlation being previously published in [4].
POLYMER 116
Data for coal tar pitch generated for the solubility of the solids not dissolved in some cases where
the solution was darkened with only partial solution.
POLYMERS 117–140
Permeation correlations for chemical protective clothing described in detail in Reference 5. See
also Chapter 13, Table 13.1.
485
POLYMERS 141–142
Final permeation correlations for Challenge® 5100 and 5200 materials. Data from Reference 3
where there is considerable discussion. See also Chapter 13, Table 13.1, and Figure 13.2.
POLYMERS 143–144
These correlations are based on which solvents dissolve PVDC at elevated temperatures and use
data from Wessling [6]. These were additionally used to check new calculations for solubility
parameters of the solvents where these were lacking.
POLYMERS 145–148
These chemical resistance data for PES (ICI-Victrex®) and PPS (Philips-Ryton®) were based on
supplier data sheets and are reported in Reference 7.
Polymers 149–160
These correlations for many common plastics types are based on the resistance tables reported in
the PLASTGUIDE (1989) published by the Danish company Dukadan, which no longer exists.
A single correlation for the solubility of PA 6,6 is based on its solubility only with data from
Reference 8.
POLYMER 161
Beerbower treated several sets of data and made correlations of swelling and solubility (and other
phenomena). This one is for polyvinyl silane.
POLYMERS 162–163
These correlations for swelling of cellophane and solubility of ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer
are based on data generated at NIF (Scandinavian Paint and Printing Ink Research Institute).
POLYMERS 164–167
These are supplementary breakthrough time correlations for Saranex®, Safety 4® 4H, and polyvi-
nylalcohol protective gloves. See also Reference 5 and Chapter 13. Elimination of plasticizer data
for the 4H gloves improved predictability for lower molecular weight materials.
POLYMERS 168–181
These correlations for common polymer types are based on data in resistance tables in the Modern
Plastics Encyclopedia in the 1984/1985 issue [9]. Such data are not always sufficiently encom-
passing to allow good correlations.
POLYMER 182
Correlation based on high temperature solvents for ECTFE.
POLYMER 183
Data for this correlation of solubility of polyacrylonitrile were taken from the Polymer Handbook
[10], Table of solvents and nonsolvents, p. VII/385-VII/386. See also Chapter 5, Table 5.3.
POLYMERS 184–186
Data for this correlation are the tendency of Polyethylene imide (PEI) (GE Ultem®) to environmental
stress crack (ESC) at different stress/strain levels. These data were generated by General Electric
as published in the Modern Plastics Encyclopedia 1984/1985 [9].
POLYMERS 187–224
The Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters [11] as well as the Polymer
Handbook [12] included so-called “solvent range” data. Solvents were divided into groups of poor,
moderate, and strong hydrogen bonding, and many experiments were run. The correlations show
that not all the data were well taken, but a reasonable indication is possible. The full Hansen
solubility parameter system is not covered very well by this limited solubility data. These polymers
are included in Reference 11, Table 1, on page 280. Heating samples to speed up the solution
process was also done. This can easily lead to errors.
POLYMERS 225–346
These entries have the same problem as those in 187–224 in that the data are sometimes questionable
and not sufficient enough to do what has been done, i.e. convert solvent range data to Hansen
solubility parameter spheres. These entries cover the acrylics, polyesters, polystyrenes, vinyls, and
miscellaneous categories. Some categories are not yet included. Data on page 281-289 (Table 2)
in Reference 11.
Polymer 347
These values for VYHH® (Union Carbide) were taken from Reference 1.
POLYMER 348
This questionable correlation for PVF includes only one solvent as being good [13].
POLYMER 349
Data on PES true solubility taken by author. See Chapter 5 and Table 5.4.
POLYMERS 350–358
These entries are not all polymers but mostly biological materials with the source of data being [14].
POLYMER 359
The solubility of cholesterol, data collected by the author. See Chapter 15.
POLYMER 360
Solubility data generated by high school students as part of project. Included in Reference 4. Source
of chlorophyll was crushed leaves.
Polymer 361
Correlation on strength of paper immersed in different solvents reported in Reference 4. Data was
taken from Reference 15.
POLYMER 362
Solubility of ULTRASON® PES has been reported by BASF in their product data. These data were
combined with supplementary solubility data for this correlation. Also reported in Reference 16.
See Chapter 5.
POLYMERS 363–364
Chemical resistance of BAREX® 210 from data in BP Chemicals datasheet. Styrene is an outlier
in the first, whereas its removal from consideration gives a perfect fit and presumably a more useful
correlation.
POLYMERS 365–367
These data were generated in connection with a lecture to the Nordic Conservation Congress in
Copenhagen [17]. All give perfect fits, partly because of too few data, but the correlations can be
useful. Paraloid B72 and Dammar are used as protective lacquers.
POLYMERS 368–369
These correlations divide the permeation coefficients given in Reference 18 into >80 and >0.8,
respectively. The units are (g x mm)/(m2 x d). The fits are good. See Chapter 13.
POLYMERS 370–371
These are correlations of experimental solubility data for the Rhône-Poulenc reactive isocyanates
Tolonate® HDT (which gave the same result as Tolonate® HDT-LV) and Tolonate® HDB (which
gave the same results as Tolonate® HDB-LV). The fits were perfect and the numbers reasonable.
The data could not include alcohol or amine solvents because of reactions.
POLYMERS 372–389
The data correlated for these 18 rubbers are from a RAPRA database [19]. The information used
was satisfactory or unsatisfactory, all other information such as limited suitability was neglected.
No precise weight gain or other information is available, just the general suitability or not.
The values in parentheses are (data fit/number of solvents).
POLYMERS 390–412
These correlations use data from the RAPRA collection of data on chemical resistance for plastics
[20]. Approach same as for RAPRA rubber data just above.
POLYMERS 413–450
These data are from the collected report of the EC project on self-stratifying coatings reported in
a full issue of Progress in Organic Coatings. The specific reference is Reference 21. The evaluations
were made at different concentrations in many cases. Some alkyds were omitted here.
POLYMERS 451–452
These data are for strong swelling of two different film samples of brominated butyl rubber.
POLYMER 453
The correlation is based on strong swelling of a film of polyisoprene.
POLYMERS 454–458
These correlations are based on chemical resistance data from Reference 22.
POLYMER 459
Correlation based on solubility of Ethylene Vinylacetate adhesive EVA 4055.
POLYMER 460
Correlation based on solubility of Topas® 6013 from Ticona GmbH (Hoechst AG).
POLYMER 461
Correlation based on solubility of CZ® Resin from the West Company.
POLYMER 462
An older correlation for the solubility of Kauri Gum, used in the Kauri-Butanol test, was made
with a data fit of 0.95 for the standard solvents.
POLYMER 463
The data for the solubility of polyvinylpyrrolidone used in this correlation are found in Reference
23. The data fit was 0.992, but as with many water soluble polymers, there is a considerable
extrapolation into the “unknown” where there are no liquids.
ENTRY 464
The data fit for the correlation of solubility of palm oil with the standard set of solvents was 0.992.
ENTRY 465
This is a correlation of the solubility of a fungicide and algaecide called Bethoxazin using solubility
data in 19 liquids from Reference 24. The data fit was 0.976.
ENTRY 466
This is a correlation for the solubility of carbon-60 at a given small level as reported in Reference
25; 15 of the 87 liquids were considered as “good” giving a data fit of 0.972.
REFERENCES
1. Saarnak, A., Hansen C.M., and Wallström E., Solubility Parameters — Characterization of Paints and
Polymers, Report from Scandinavian Paint and Printing Ink Research Institute, January 1990, Hoer-
sholm, Denmark
2. Hansen, C.M., Solubility Parameters, in Paint Testing Manual, Manual 17, J.V. Koleske, Ed., American
Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1995, pp. 38–404.
3. Hansen, C.M., Billing, C.B., and Bentz, A.P., Selection and Use of Molecular Parameters to Predict
Permeation Through Fluoropolymer-Based Protective Clothing Materials, The Performance of Pro-
tective Clothing; Fourth Volume, ASTM STP 1133, J.P. McBriarty and N.W. Henry, Eds., American
Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, 1992, pp. 894–907.
4. Hansen, C.M., 25 Years with Solubility Parameters (in Danish: 25 År med Opløselighedsparametrene),
Dansk Kemi, 73(8), 18–22, 1992.
5. Hansen, C.M. and Hansen, K.M., Solubility Parameter Prediction of the Barrier Properties of Chemical
Protective Clothing, Performance of Protective Clothing: Second Symposium. ASTM STP 989, S.Z.
Mansdorf, R. Sager, and A.P. Nielsen, Eds., American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia,
1988, pp. 197–208.
6. Wessling, R.A., The Solubility of Poly(vinylidene Chloride), Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 14,
1531–1545, 1970.
7. Hansen, C.M., Solubility Parameters for Polyphenylene Sulfide (PPS) and Polyether Sulphone (PES),
Centre for Polymer Composites (Denmark), Danish Technological Institute, Taastrup, 1991, 89 pages.
ISBN 87-7756-139-2
8. Wyzgoski, M.G., The Role of Solubility in Stress Cracking of Nylon 6,6, in Macromolecular Solutions
— Solvent Property Relationships in Polymers, R.B.Seymour and G.A.Stahl, Eds. Pergamon, New
York, 1982, pp. 41–60.
9 Anonymous, Modern Plastics Encyclopedia 1984/1985, McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 482–455.
10. Fuchs, O., Tables of Solvents and Non-solvents, Polymer Handbook, 3rd Ed., J. Branderup and E.H.
Immergut, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1989, pp. VII/379-VII/407.
11. Barton, A.F.M., Handbook of Solubility Parameters and Other Cohesion Parameters, CRC Press Inc.,
Boca Raton, FL. 1983, pp. 280-289.
12. Grulke, E.A., Table 3.4, Solubility Parameter Ranges of Commercial Polymers, Polymer Handbook,
3rd Ed., J. Branderup and E.H. Immergut, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1989, pp. VII/544–VII/550.
13. Fuchs, O., Tables of Solvents and Non-solvents, Polymer Handbook, 3rd. Ed., J. Branderup and E.H.
Immergut, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1989, p. VII/385.
14. Hansen, C.M. and Andersen, B.H., The Affinities of Organic Solvents in Biological Systems, Amer-
ican Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 49(6), 301–308, 1988.
15. Robertson, A.A., Cellulose-Liquid Interactions, Pulp and Paper Magazine of Canada, 65(4), T-171-
T-178, 1964.
16. Hansen, C.M., Solvent Resistance of Polymer Composites — Glass Fibre Reinforced Polyether Sulfone
(PES), Centre for Polymer Composites (Denmark), Danish Technological Institute, Taastrup, 1994.
17. Hansen, C.M., Conservation and Solubility Parameters, Nordic Conservation Congress Preprints,
Copenhagen, 1994, pp. 1–13.
18. Pauly, S., Permeability and Diffusion Data, Polymer Handbook, 3rd. Ed., J. Branderup and E.H.
Immergut, Eds., Wiley, New York, 1989, pp. VI/435–VI/449.
19. Anonymous, Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 2. Rubbers, New Edition — 1993, Rapra
Technology, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, 1993.
20. Anonymous, Chemical Resistance Data Sheets, Volume 1. Plastics, New Edition — 1993, Rapra
Technology, Shawbury, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, 1993.
21. Benjamin, S., Carr, C., and Walbridge, D.J., Self-stratifying Coatings for Metallic Substrates, Progress
in Organic Coatings, 28, 197-207, 1996.
22. Anonymous, Engineering Guide to Du Pont Elastomers, The Du Pont Company, Switzerland, 1987.
23. Hansen, C.M., The Universality of the Solubility Parameter, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 8(1),
2–11, 1969.
24. Bosselaers, J., Blancquaert, P., Gors, J., Heylen, I., Lauwaerts, A., Nys, J., Van der Flaas, M., and
Valcke Janssen, A., A New Fungicide and Algaecide, Färg och Lack Scandinavia, 49(1), 5–11 2003.
25. Hansen, C.M., and Smith, A.L., Using Hansen Solubility Parameters to Correlate Solubility of C60
Fullerene in Organic Solvents and in Polymers, Carbon, 42(8-9), 1591–1597, 2004.
OTHERS:
Chemical Fabrics Corporation: Challenge
The capital letters in parenthesis are the international symbols for the respective countries:
D Germany
US United States of America
CH Switzerland
CAN Canada
I Italy
GB Great Britian
S Sweden
N Norway
NL Netherlands
DK Denmark
TABLE A.2
Hansen Solubility Parameters for Selected Correlations
Hydrogen Interaction
Number Polymer Dispersion Polar Bonding Radius
Cellulose Acetobutyrate
1 CELLIT BP-300 16.60 12.00 6.70 10.20
Cellulose Acetate
2 CELLIDORA A 18.20 12.40 10.80 7.40
Ethyl Cellulose
3 ETHOCEL HE10 17.90 4.30 3.90 5.90
4 ETHOCEL STD 20 20.10 6.90 5.90 9.90
Epoxy
5 ARALDITE DY O25 14.00 7.40 9.40 13.70
6 EPIKOTE 828 23.10 14.60 5.00 20.50
7 EPIKOTE 1001 20.00 10.32 10.11 10.02
8 EPIKOTE 1004 17.40 10.50 9.00 7.90
9 EPIKOTE 1007 21.00 11.10 13.40 11.70
10 EPIKOTE 1009 19.30 9.37 10.95 8.26
11 PKHH 23.40 7.20 14.80 14.90
Polyurethane
16 DESMOPHEN 651 17.70 10.60 11.60 9.50
17 DESMOPHEN 800 19.10 12.20 9.90 8.00
18 DESMOPHEN 850 21.54 14.94 12.28 16.78
19 DESMOPHEN 1100 16.00 13.10 9.20 11.40
20 DESMOPHEN 1150 20.60 7.80 11.60 13.10
21 DESMOPHEN 1200 19.40 7.40 6.00 9.80
22 DESMOPHEN 1700 17.90 9.60 5.90 8.20
23 DESMOLAC 4200 18.70 9.60 9.90 8.20
24 MACRYNAL SM 510N 19.90 8.10 6.00 9.80
Phenolic Resins
25 SUPER BECKACITE 1001 23.26 6.55 8.35 19.85
26 PHENODUR 373U 19.74 11.62 14.59 12.69
Hydrocarbon Resins
27 PLIOLYTE S-100 16.47 0.37 2.84 8.59
28 PICCOPALE 110 17.55 1.19 3.60 6.55
29 PICCORONE 450L 19.42 5.48 5.77 9.62
Styrene-Butadiene (SBR)
30 POLYSAR 5630 17.55 3.35 2.70 6.55
Acrylonitrile-Butadiene
31 HYCAR 1052 18.62 8.78 4.17 9.62
Polybutadiene
32 BUNA HULS B10 17.53 2.25 3.42 6.55
Polyisoprene
33 CARIFLEX IR 305 16.57 1.41 –0.82 9.62
Polyisobutylene
34 LUTONAL IC/1203 14.20 2.50 4.60 12.40
35 LUTANAL I60 16.90 2.50 4.00 7.20
36 POLYVINYLBUTYL ETHER 17.40 4.30 8.40 7.40
Special
37 LIGNIN 20.17 14.61 15.04 11.66
38 MODAFLOW 16.10 3.70 7.90 8.90
Polyvinylchloride
39 VIPLA KR (PVC) 18.40 6.60 8.00 3.00
Chloroparaffin
40 CERECLOR 70 20.00 8.30 6.80 9.80
41 CHLOROPAR 40 17.00 7.60 7.90 11.90
Chlorinated Rubber
42 PERGUT S 5 17.40 9.50 3.80 10.00
43 ALLOPREN R10 17.40 4.30 3.90 6.10
Chlorinated Polypropylene
44 PARLON P 10 20.26 6.32 5.40 10.64
Chlorosulfonated PE
45 HYPALON 20 18.10 3.40 4.90 3.60
46 HYPALON 30 18.20 4.70 2.00 5.00
Cyclized Rubber
47 ALPEX 19.90 0.00 0.00 9.40
Nitrocellulose
48 1/2-sec.-NITRO CELLULOSE H 23 15.41 14.73 8.84 11.46
Rosin Derivatives
49 CELLOLYN 102 21.73 0.94 8.53 15.75
50 PENTALYN 255 17.55 9.37 14.32 10.64
51 PENTALYN 830 20.03 5.81 10.93 11.66
52 ESTER GUM BL 19.64 4.73 7.77 10.64
Polyamide
53 VERSAMID 930 17.43 –1.92 14.89 9.62
54 VERSAMID 961 18.90 9.60 11.10 6.20
55 VERSAMID 965 20.15 6.04 12.90 9.20
Isocyanate
56 DESMODUR L 17.50 11.30 5.90 8.50
57 DESMODUR N 17.60 10.00 3.70 9.30
58 SUPRASEC F-5100 19.70 12.90 12.80 11.40
Polyvinylbutyral
59 MOWITAL B 30 H 18.60 12.90 10.30 8.30
60 MOWITAL B 60 H 20.20 11.20 13.30 11.20
61 BUTVAR B 76 18.60 4.36 13.03 10.64
Polyacrylate
62 LUCITE 2042 PEMA 17.60 9.66 3.97 10.64
63 LUCITE 2044 PMMA 16.20 6.80 5.70 9.10
64 PLEXIGUM MB319 18.60 10.80 4.10 11.50
65 PLEXIGUM M527 18.40 9.40 6.50 10.70
66 PMMA 18.64 10.52 7.51 8.59
Polyvinylacetate
67 MOWILITH 50 PVAC 20.93 11.27 9.66 13.71
Polystyrene
68 POLYSTYRENE LG 22.28 5.75 4.30 12.68
Amino Resins
95 BE 370 20.70 6.10 12.70 14.80
96 BEETLE 681 22.20 –0.40 10.10 18.40
97 CYMEL 300 19.35 12.83 12.87 9.82
98 CYMEL 325 25.50 15.20 9.50 22.20
99 DYNOMIN MM 9 18.80 14.00 12.30 10.50
100 DYNOMIN UM 15 19.90 15.80 13.40 11.70
101 SOAMIN M 60 15.90 8.10 6.50 10.60
102 SYNRESIN A 560 22.10 5.00 11.30 15.50
103 PLASTOPAL H 20.81 8.29 14.96 12.69
104 UFORMITE MX-61 22.70 2.80 5.40 16.20
Acrylate Resins
105 URACRON 15 19.20 7.70 5.70 10.60
106 PARALOID P 400 19.20 9.60 9.30 12.20
107 PARALOID P 410 19.60 9.10 6.80 12.20
108 PARALOID EXPER. RES. QR 954 18.40 9.80 10.00 12.40
Silicone Resins
109 BAYSILON UD 125 19.40 9.90 10.10 6.90
110 TEFLON (SL2-) 17.10 8.10 1.30 4.70
Special Data
111 DOW EPOXY NOVOLAC 438 20.30 15.40 5.30 15.10
112 DOW EPOXY NOVOLAC 444 19.50 11.60 9.30 10.00
113 ZINK SILICATE - CHEMICAL RES. 23.50 17.50 16.80 15.60
114 2-COMP EPOXY CHEMICAL RES. 18.40 9.40 10.10 7.00
115 POLYVINYLIDINE FLUORIDE SOL. 17.00 12.10 10.20 4.10
116 COAL TAR PITCH SOL. 18.70 7.50 8.90 5.80
Breakthrough Time (Bt) Correlations for Common Types of Chemical Protective Films at
Practical Film Thickness
117 NITRILE 20 MIN 17.50 7.30 6.50 5.10
118 NITRILE 1 HR 16.60 9.10 4.40 10.00
119 NITRILE 4 HR 19.00 12.60 3.80 13.30
120 BUTYL 20 MIN 16.50 1.00 5.10 5.00
121 BUTYL 1 HR 15.80 –2.10 4.00 8.20
122 BUTYL 4 HR (2) 17.60 2.10 2.10 7.00
123 NATURAL RUBBER 20 MIN 14.50 7.30 4.50 11.00
124 NATURAL RUBBER 1 HR 15.60 3.40 9.10 14.00
125 NATURAL RUBBER 4 HR 19.40 13.20 7.70 19.00
126 PVC 20 MIN 16.10 7.10 5.90 9.30
127 PVC 1 HR 14.90 11.10 3.80 13.20
128 PVC 4 HR 24.40 4.90 9.90 22.70
Poly(Ethylene/Chlorotrifluoroethylene)
182 PECTFE SOL AT HIGH TEMP. 19.50 7.30 1.70 5.10
Solubility of Polyacrylonitirile
183 PAN 21.70 14.10 9.10 10.90
Polysulfone PSU
362 PSU ULTRASON S 19.70 8.30 8.30 8.00
Barex
363 BAREX 210 CR 20.10 9.10 12.70 10.90
364 BAREX 210 CR-STYRENE 17.70 8.90 10.90 6.40
Tolonate Solubility
370 TOLONATE HDT (RH-POULENC) 19.00 11.00 3.00 12.00
371 TOLONATE HDB (RH-POULENC) 19.00 11.00 2.00 11.30
Acrylics
425 PIBMA (10%) 17.00 4.60 7.60 9.50
426 PIBMA (30%) 17.10 5.90 0.70 7.30
Fluorinated Polyethers
439 LUMFLON LF200 (10%) 18.50 5.40 6.90 9.90
440 LUMFLON LF200 (30%) 20.10 4.40 3.20 8.50
441 LUMFLON LF916 (10%) 17.50 6.80 10.50 12.50
442 LUMFLON LF916 (30%) 18.10 3.90 8.30 8.80
Chlorinated Rubber
447 ALLOPRENE R10 (10%) 19.50 9.20 6.90 7.50
448 ALLOPRENE R10 (30%) 17.90 5.60 6.70 5.80
449 ALLOPRENE R10 (60%) 19.60 6.50 5.80 9.10
Chlorosulfonated Polyethylene
450 HYPALON 20 (30%) 20.30 3.20 0.70 11.30
Polyisoprene Swelling
451 POLYISOPRENE SW 17.00 4.00 4.00 7.30
COC Solubility
460 TOPAS 6013 SOL 18.00 3.00 2.00 5.00
461 CZ RESIN SOL 18.00 1.00 3.00 4.00
Miscellaneous
462 KAURI GUM 18.7 8.1 13.0 8.2
463 POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE (PVP) 21.4 11.6 21.6 17.3
464 PALM OIL 17.7 3.5 3.7 4.7
465 BETHOXAZIN 22.4 7.6 10.8 13.9
466 CARBON-60 19.7 2.9 2.7 3.9