Bootcamp

Python

Day00
Basic stuff
 Bootcamp Python
Day00 - Basic stuff - Eleven
Commandments
The goal of the day is to get started with the Python language.

Notions of the day

Basic setup, variables, types, functions, . . .

General rules
• The version of Python to use is 3.7, you can check the version of Python with the following command:
python -V
• The norm: during this bootcamp you will follow the PEP 8 standards. You can install pycodestyle which
is a tool to check your Python code.
• The function eval is never allowed.
• The exercises are ordered from the easiest to the hardest.
• Your exercises are going to be evaluated by someone else, so make sure that your variable names and
function names are appropriate and civil.
• Your manual is the internet.
• You can also ask questions in the dedicated channel in the 42 AI Slack: 42-ai.slack.com.
• If you find any issue or mistakes in the subject please create an issue on our dedicated repository on
Github.

Helper
How do you install and link Python in the $PATH? That’s the first exercise!
Ensure that you have the right Python version.
> which python
/goinfre/miniconda/bin/python
> python -V
Python 3.7.*
> which pip
/goinfre/miniconda/bin/pip

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Exercise 00 - $PATH
Exercise 01 - Rev Alpha
Exercise 02 - The Odd, the Even and the Zero
Exercise 03 - Functional file
Exercise 04 - Elementary
Exercise 05 - The right format
Exercise 06 - A recipe
Exercise 07 - Shorter, faster, pythonest
Exercise 08 - S.O.S
Exercise 09 - Secret number
Exercise 10 - Loading bar!

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 Exercise 00 - $PATH
Turn-in directory : ex00
Files to turn in : answers.txt, requirements.txt
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

The first thing we need to do is install Python.

Conda manual install

If you want a fully automated install go to Automated install part. The automated part will allow you to
reinstall everything more easily if you change of Desktop. Here, we are going to see a step by step install.
1. Download conda install with the following command (MacOS version):
curl -LO "https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh"

2. Install conda using the script (we advise you to install it with this path /goinfre/miniconda3).
sh Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh -b -p <path>

The goinfre will change depending on your desktop location in cluster, so you will need to reinstall everything.
3. Install needed requirements.
conda install -y "jupyter" "numpy" "pandas"

4. Add export to your .zshrc file.

export PATH=$MINICONDA_PATH:$PATH

5. Source your .zshrc file.

source ~/.zshrc

6. Check your Python environment.

which python

Your Python should now be the one corresponding to the miniconda environment!

Conda automated install

A way to install the entire environment is to define a bash function in your ~/.zshrc.
1. Copy paste the following code into your ~/.zshrc.

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function set_conda {
HOME=$(echo ~)
INSTALL_PATH="/goinfre"
MINICONDA_PATH=$INSTALL_PATH"/miniconda3/bin"
PYTHON_PATH=$(which python)
SCRIPT="Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh"
REQUIREMENTS="jupyter numpy pandas"
DL_LINK="https://repo.anaconda.com/miniconda/Miniconda3-latest-MacOSX-x86_64.sh"

if echo $PYTHON_PATH | grep -q $INSTALL_PATH; then

echo "good python version :)"
else
cd
if [ ! -f $SCRIPT ]; then
curl -LO $DL_LINK
fi
if [ ! -d $MINICONDA_PATH ]; then
sh $SCRIPT -b -p $INSTALL_PATH"/miniconda3"
fi
conda install -y $(echo $REQUIREMENTS)
clear
echo "Which python:"
which python
if grep -q "ˆexport PATH=$MINICONDA_PATH" ~/.zshrc
then
echo "export already in .zshrc";
else
echo "adding export to .zshrc ...";
echo "export PATH=$MINICONDA_PATH:\$PATH" >> ~/.zshrc
fi
source ~/.zshrc
fi
}

By default, conda will be installed in the goinfre (look at the INSTALL_PATH variable). Feel free to change that
path if you want to.
The function can be used whenever we want and will carry out the installation of miniconda and all needed
librairies for the day. It will also add a line to export miniconda environment.
2. Source your .zshrc with the following command:
source ~/.zshrc

3. Use the function set_conda:

set_conda

When the installation is done rerun the set_conda function.

4. Check your Python path.
which python

Your Python should now be the one corresponding to the miniconda environment!

Getting started
As an introduction, complete the following questionnaire using Python and pip, save your answers in a file
answers.txt (write an answer per line in the text file), and check them with your peers.
Find the commands to:
1. Output a list of installed packages.

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2. Output a list of installed packages and their versions.
3. Show the package metadata of numpy.
4. Search for PyPI packages whose name or summary contains “tesseract”.
5. Freeze the packages and their current versions in a requirements.txt file you have to turn-in.

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 Exercise 01 - Rev Alpha
Turn-in directory : ex01
Files to turn in : exec.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

You will have to make a program that reverses the order of a string and the case of its words.
If we have more than one argument we have to merge them into a single string and separate each arg by a ’ ’
(space char).
> python exec.py "Hello World!" | cat -e
!DLROw OLLEh$
> python exec.py "Hello" "my Friend" | cat -e
DNEIRf YM OLLEh$
> python exec.py
>

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 Exercise 02 - The Odd, the Even and
the Zero
Turn-in directory : ex02
Files to turn in : whois.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

You will have to make a program that checks if a number is odd, even or zero.
The program will accept only one parameter, an integer.
> python whois.py 12
I'm Even.
> python whois.py 3
I'm Odd.
> python whois.py
> python whois.py 0
I'm Zero.
> python whois.py Hello
ERROR
> python whois.py 12 3
ERROR

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 Exercise 03 - Functional file
Turn-in directory : ex03
Files to turn in : count.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

Create a function called text_analyzer that displays the sums of upper-case characters, lower-case characters,
punctuation characters and spaces in a given text.
text_analyzer will take only one parameter: the text to analyze. You have to handle the case where the text is
empty (maybe by setting a default value). If there is no text passed to the function, the user is prompted to give
one.
Test it in the Python console:

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> python
>>> from count import text_analyzer
>>> text_analyzer("Python 2.0, released 2000, introduced
features like List comprehensions and a garbage collection
system capable of collecting reference cycles.")
The text contains 143 characters:

- 2 upper letters

- 113 lower letters

- 4 punctuation marks

- 18 spaces
>>> text_analyzer("Python is an interpreted, high-level,
general-purpose programming language. Created by Guido van
Rossum and first released in 1991, Python's design philosophy
emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant
whitespace.")
The text contains 234 characters:

- 5 upper letters

- 187 lower letters

- 8 punctuation marks

- 30 spaces
>>> text_analyzer()
What is the text to analyse?
>> Python is an interpreted, high-level, general-purpose
programming language. Created by Guido van Rossum and first
released in 1991, Python's design philosophy emphasizes code
readability with its notable use of significant whitespace.
The text contains 234 characters:

- 5 upper letters

- 187 lower letters

- 8 punctuation marks

- 30 spaces

Handle the case when more than one parameter is given to text_analyzer:
>>> from count import text_analyzer
>>> text_analyzer("Python", "2.0")
ERROR

You’re free to write your docstring and format it the way you want.
>>> print(text_analyzer.__doc__)

This function counts the number of upper characters, lower characters,

punctuation and spaces in a given text.

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 Exercise 04 - Elementary
Turn-in directory : ex04
Files to turn in : operations.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

You will have to make a program that prints the results of the four elementary mathematical operations
of arithmetic (addition, subtraction, multiplication, division) and the modulo operation. This should be
accomplished by writing a function that takes 2 numbers as parameters and returns 5 values, as formatted in
the console output below.

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> python operations.py 10 3
Sum: 13
Difference: 7
Product: 30
Quotient: 3.3333333333333335
Remainder: 1
>
> python operations.py 42 10
Sum: 52
Difference: 32
Product: 420
Quotient: 4.2
Remainder: 2
>
> python operations.py 1 0
Sum: 1
Difference: 1
Product: 0
Quotient: ERROR (div by zero)
Remainder: ERROR (modulo by zero)
>
> python operations.py
Usage: python operations.py <number1> <number2>
Example:
python operations.py 10 3
>
> python operations.py 12 10 5
InputError: too many arguments

Usage: python operations.py <number1> <number2>

Example:
python operations.py 10 3
>
> python operations.py "one" "two"
InputError: only numbers

Usage: python operations.py <number1> <number2>

Example:
python operations.py 10 3
>
> python operations.py "512" "63.1"
InputError: only numbers

Usage: python operations.py <number1> <number2>

Example:
python operations.py 10 3

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 Exercise 05 - The right format
Turn-in directory : ex05
Files to turn in : kata00.py, kata01.py, kata02.py, kata03.py, kata04.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

Let’s get familiar with the useful concept of string formatting through a kata series.

kata00
t = (19,42,21)

Including the tuple above in your file, write a program that dynamically builds up a formatted string like the
following:
> python kata00.py
The 3 numbers are: 19, 42, 21

kata01
languages = {
'Python': 'Guido van Rossum',
'Ruby': 'Yukihiro Matsumoto',
'PHP': 'Rasmus Lerdorf',
}

Using the languages dictionary above, a similar exercise:

> python kata01.py
Python was created by Guido van Rossum
Ruby was created by Yukihiro Matsumoto
PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf

kata02
(3,30,2019,9,25)

Given the tuple above, whose values stand for: (hour, minutes, year, month, day), write a program that
displays it in the following format:
> python kata02.py
09/25/2019 03:30

kata03
phrase = "The right format"

Write a program to display the string above right-aligned with ‘-’ padding and a total length of 42 characters:
> python kata03.py | cat -e
--------------------------The right format%
> python kata03.py | wc -c
42

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kata04
( 0, 4, 132.42222, 10000, 12345.67)

Given the tuple above, return the following result:

> python kata04.py
day_00, ex_04 : 132.42, 1.00e+04, 1.23e+04

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 Exercise 06 - A recipe
Turn-in directory : ex06
Files to turn in : recipe.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

It is time to discover Python dictionaries. Dictionaries are collections that contain mappings of unique keys to
values.
Hint: check what is a nested dictionary in Python.
First, you will have to create a cookbook dictionary called cookbook.
cookbook will store 3 recipes:
• sandwich
• cake
• salad
Each recipe will store 3 values:
• ingredients: a list of ingredients
• meal: type of meal
• prep_time: preparation time in minutes
Sandwich’s ingredients are ham, bread, cheese and tomatoes. It is a lunch and it takes 10 minutes of preparation.
Cake’s ingredients are flour, sugar and eggs. It is a dessert and it takes 60 minutes of preparation.
Salad’s ingredients are avocado, arugula, tomatoes and spinach. It is a lunch and it takes 15 minutes of
preparation.
1. Get to know dictionaries. In the first place, try to print only the keys of the dictionary. Then only the
values. And to conclude, all the items.
2. Write a function to print a recipe from cookbook. The function parameter will be: name of the recipe.
3. Write a function to delete a recipe from the dictionary. The function parameter will be: name of the recipe.
4. Write a function to add a new recipe to cookbook with its ingredients, its meal type and its preparation
time. The function parameters will be: name of recipe, ingredients, meal and prep_time.
5. Write a function to print all recipe names from cookbook. Think about formatting the output.
6. Last but not least, make a program using the four functions you just created. The program will prompt the
user to make a choice between printing the cookbook, printing only one recipe, adding a recipe, deleting a
recipe or quitting the cookbook.
It could look like the example below but feel free to organize it the way you want to:

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> python recipe.py
Please select an option by typing the corresponding number:
1: Add a recipe
2: Delete a recipe
3: Print a recipe
4: Print the cookbook
5: Quit
>> 3

Please enter the recipe's name to get its details:

>> cake

Recipe for cake:

Ingredients list: ['flour', 'sugar', 'eggs']
To be eaten for dessert.
Takes 60 minutes of cooking.

Your program must continue running until the user exits it (option 5):
> python recipe.py
Please select an option by typing the corresponding number:
1: Add a recipe
2: Delete a recipe
3: Print a recipe
4: Print the cookbook
5: Quit
>> 5

Cookbook closed.

The program will also continue running if the user enters a wrong value. It will prompt the user again until the
value is correct:
> python recipe.py
Please select an option by typing the corresponding number:
1: Add a recipe
2: Delete a recipe
3: Print a recipe
4: Print the cookbook
5: Quit
>> test

This option does not exist, please type the corresponding number.
To exit, enter 5.
>>

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Exercise 07 - Shorter, faster, pythonest
Turn-in directory : ex07
Files to turn in : filterwords.py
Forbidden functions : filter
Remarks : n/a

Using list comprehensions, you will have to make a program that removes all the words in a string that are
shorter than or equal to n letters, and returns the filtered list with no punctuation.
The program will accept only two parameters: a string, and an integer n.
> python filterwords.py "Hello, my friend" 3
['Hello', 'friend']
> python filterwords.py "A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection
,→ does not conflict with the First or Second Law" 6
['protect', 'existence', 'protection', 'conflict']
> python filterwords.py Hello World
ERROR
> python filterwords.py 300 3
ERROR

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 Exercise 08 - S.O.S
Turn-in directory : ex08
Files to turn in : sos.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

You will have to make a function which encodes strings into Morse code.
The input will accept all alphanumeric characters.
> python sos.py "SOS"
... --- ...
> python sos.py
> python sos.py "HELLO / WORLD"
ERROR
> python sos.py "96 BOULEVARD" "Bessiere"
----. -.... / -... --- ..- .-.. . ...- .- .-. -.. / -... . ... ... .. . .-. .

@ref: https://morsecode.scphillips.com/morse.html

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 Exercise 09 - Secret number
Turn-in directory : ex09
Files to turn in : guess.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

You will have to make a program that will be an interactive guessing game. It will ask the user to guess a
number between 1 and 99. The program will tell the user if their input is too high or too low. The game ends
when the user finds out the secret number or types exit.
You will have to import the random module with the randint function to get a random number. You have to
count the number of trials and print that number when the user wins.
> python guess.py
This is an interactive guessing game!
You have to enter a number between 1 and 99 to find out the secret number.
Type 'exit' to end the game.
Good luck!

What's your guess between 1 and 99?

>> 54
Too high!
What's your guess between 1 and 99?
>> 34
Too low!
What's your guess between 1 and 99?
>> 45
Too high!
What's your guess between 1 and 99?
>> A
That's not a number.
What's your guess between 1 and 99?
>> 43
Congratulations, you've got it!
You won in 5 attempts!

If the user discovers the secret number on the first try, tell them. Bonus: if the secret number is 42, make a
reference to Douglas Adams.
> python guess.py
What's your guess between 1 and 99?
>> 42
The answer to the ultimate question of life, the universe and everything is 42.
Congratulations! You got it on your first try!

Other example:
> python guess.py
This is an interactive guessing game!
You have to enter a number between 1 and 99 to find out the secret number.
Type 'exit' to end the game.
Good luck!

What's your guess between 1 and 99?

>> exit
Goodbye!

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 Exercise 10 - Loading bar!
Turn-in directory : ex10
Files to turn in : loading.py
Forbidden functions : None
Remarks : n/a

This is a bonus exercise! You are about to discover the yield operator!
So let’s create a function called ft_progress(lst).
The function will display the progress of a for loop.
listy = range(1000)
ret = 0
for elem in ft_progress(listy):
ret += (elem + 3) % 5
sleep(0.01)
print()
print(ret)

> python loading.py

ETA: 8.67s [ 23%][=====> ] 233/1000 | elapsed time 2.33s
...
2000

listy = range(3333)
ret = 0
for elem in ft_progress(listy):
ret += elem
sleep(0.005)
print()
print(ret)

> python loading.py

ETA: 14.67s [ 9%][=> ] 327/3333 | elapsed time 1.33s
...
5552778

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